Anatomy and Physiology

Lesson 1

Skeletal System

Lesson 1 – Skeletal & Muscular Systems

• This lesson provides the underpinning knowledge relating to the structure and function of the skeletal system.

• To achieve this unit you must be able to explain:

• The structure and function of the skeletal system, bone growth, joint structure, tissue types, categorisation of bones and long/ short term effects of exercise on the skeletal system

Session 1 Aims & Objectives

• Label the Major Bones of the Skeleton

• Label and explain the function of the Vertebral Column

• Explain the 5 functions of the skeleton

• Identify the Axial & Appendicular Skeleton

Activity 1 – Label Fred

Axial Skeleton

• Forms the main axis or core of the skeletal system

• Comprises of– Vertabral column (spine)– Cranium (skull)– Thoracic (rib cage)

Appendicular Skeleton

• Forms the appendages of the limbs

• Comprises of the shoulder girdle & the pelvic girdle– Clavicle (collar bone)– Scapula (shoulder

blade)– Arms – Pelvic bone– Legs

Functions of the Skeleton

What are the 5 main functions of the

Skeleton?

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BONES AND THE SKELETON ?

1.MOVEMENT

2.PROTECTION

3.THE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD

4.SUPPORT/POSTURE

5.MINERAL STORAGE

ProtectionProtectionThe hard nature of bone means that the skeletoncan protect the more delicate parts of the body.

Examples:

The cranium (skull) protects the soft tissue of the brain.

The rib cage protects the delicate heart and lungs.

Without the skeleton, the body would beflabby and shapeless.

Examples:

The bones of the legs support the body.

The vertebrae support the head.

SupportSupport

The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move whenthe muscles attached to them contract.

Example:

The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint.

MovementMovement

The vertebrae allow us to bend, stretch and rotate our body.

Red and white blood cells are made in red bone marrow which is found at the ends of the femur and humerus and in the ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae.

Femur::Located in the upper part of the leg.

Humerus::Located in the upperpart of the arm.

BloodBlood CellCell ProductionProduction

Red BoneMarrow

Mineral StorageMineral Storage

The bones act as reservoirs for vital minerals.

Such as CalciumAnd phosphorous

Bone Growth• In the embryo bone starts as cartilage which is

firm but elastic material• As the embryo grows the cartilage is changed to

bone this process is called ossification• As a baby develops into early childhood and into

adulthood bones become hard, rigid and non elastic

• Calcium compounds give bones their strength and hardness, collagen fibres make them light.

Diagram of Bone Growth

Closer Look at bone growth

Activity 2

• Complete work sheet 2 on The skeletal system

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE BONES AND THE SKELETON ?

RECAP

1.PROTECTION2.SUPPORT3.MOVEMENT4.BLOOD PRODUCTION5.MINERAL STORAGE