Legal Vocabular

7/23/2019 Legal Vocabular

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1

a.Word Definition Exemple: Taducerea in romana

2) Abolition

1.the act of

abolishing

:

2. the state of being abolished;

annulment; abrogation

1.the abolitionof

war

2.theabolition of unjust laws;

the abolition of unfair taxes.

Abolire

3) Abrogate

to end a law, agreement or

custom formally

The treaty was

abrogated

in

2002.

A abroga

4) Accomplice

a person who helps someone

else to commit a crime or to do

something morally wrong

His accomplice

killed

the father

and dauhters

with an ax.

complice

5) Acquit

The jury must be unanimous in

order to conict or ac!uit the

defendant.

!he was acquitted

of

all the

"hares aainst her

A achita pe cineva

6) Actiona legal proceeding brought by

one party against another,

see"ing redress of a wrong or

recoery of what is due; lawsuit

#eal

actionscan also be

instituted to stop or preent

improper behaior

Aciune

7) Administrative

Law

the body of rules and

regulations and orders anddecisions created by

administratie agencies of

goernment

Concept

ofAdministrative Law

Drept administrativ

8) Affidavit a written statement which

someone ma"es after they hae

sworn officially to tell the truth,

How to $rite %n Affidavit? afidavit, depoziie

scris sau oral dat

sub prestare de

1. "ar 1. the place in a court of law where

the accused stands during his

trial

2.

The nullification, defeat, or

preention of a claim or action

the prisoner at the bar

"anca acuzatilor,

bar

2. "ar #ouncil is aprofessional body

that

regulates the profession

of

barristers

"ar #ouncil of #reland #onsiliul "aroului,

baristerilor

3. "ench the udge or

magistrate

, or the

place where the$ sit, in a court

of law

"enchof judge "anc

4. "ill a statute in draft, before it

becomes law

$ billis a proposed law under

consideration by a legislature.

%roiect de lege,

cerere

5. "rief $ document used to submit a

legal contention or argument to a

court.

$ brieftypically sets out the facts

of the case and a party%s legal

arguments.

puncta

al unui dosar

25 #anon law the body of codified ecclesiastical

law, especially of the &oman

'atholic 'hurch as promulgated

in ecclesiastical councils and by

the pope.

Canon lawis used in some

"hur"h.

Drept canonic

26 #ase law

law based on decisions that hae

been made by judges in the past

#awyers must know case lawof

their state to a"ti&ate more

"ompentanti&e in profetion.

%recedent

27 #ertif$ t

o state something officially,

usually in writing, especially that

something is true or correct

The dri&er was certified(as)dead

on arri&al at the hospital.

A autentifica

28 #ivil court a court of law that deals with

disagreements between indiidual

people or priate companies,

rather than with criminal actiity:

He was "hared with insider

tradin by the !e"urities and

Ex"hane 'ommission in a ()0

million suit in civil court.

#urtea #ivila

29 #ivil rights the rights that each person has in

a society, whateer their race, se(

or religion.

Civil rightsin"lude freedom*

e+uality in law and in

employment* and the riht to &ote

Drepturi civile

30 #laim form

an official document which you

use to re!uest a sum of money

from an organi)ation, when you

thin" you are owed it

, don-t know how to do a claim

form.

formular de

revendicare

31 #laimant a person who ma"es a claim. % plaintiff is also known as

a claimant&

' eclamant

32 #ode any set of standards set forth and

enforced by a local goernment

agency for the protection of

public safety, health, etc.

%ll the laws that refers to "i&il

pre"edure are in"orporated in the

codeof "i&il pro"edure.

#od
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1. damages #n a lawsuit, the harm caused to a

party who is injured. 2* #n a

lawsuit, the money awarded to

onepartybased on injury or loss

caused by the other.

there are many different types or

"ateories o f damages:

"ompensatory damaes* a"tual

damaes* spe"ial damaes*

eneral damaes* exemplary

damaes* puniti&e damaes

preudicii

2. De facto +atin: #n factsomething that is true although it

may not hae been intended, legal

or officially accepted

%lthouh the s"hool was said tobe open to all +ualified students* it

still pra"ti"ed de facto

sereation.

(n fact

3. De ure+atin for according to the law.

De jureour "ountry is

demo"rati+ue.

#onform legii

4. De novo +atin for anew, "beginning

again. meaning to do somethingoer again as if for the first time.

Trial de novo* or a new

trial in the leal system

De novo review,an

appellate standard of re&iew for

leal issues

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5. declaration $ny statement made, particularly

in writing, including a formal

statement made under penalty of

perjury and signed by the

declarant.

,nsurers may also make a

dis"retionary payment* e&en

without a formal declarationof

death.

Declaratie

6. decree $n order by a judge, resoling

issues in a court case. -imilar to

the term judgment, but

preferred in certain types of

cases, li"e probate matters

/ude has announ"ed that he will

rule the suit by decree.

Decret

7. deed $ document that transfers

ownership of real estate and is

recorded in the local public land

records

!he wants her name put ba"k on

the title deeds.

Act

8. defendant The person against whom a

lawsuit is filed.

The defendant denies that he was

dri&in the "ar at the time of the

a""ident.

%!r!t

9. Delinquent $person whodisobeys rules or

brea"s the law such as a juenile

delin!uent.

The !"ottish 'onser&ati&es ha&e

dismissed #abour proposals for

dealin with delinquent"hildren

and football hoolians.

Delicvent

10. deposition $ formal statement gien by a

witness out of court, recorded by

a court reporter and written up for

The defendant was arrested on the

basis of a depositionmade by a

former work "olleaue.

Depozitie

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use during a trial or other legal

proceedings

11. Dignit$ the state or !uality of being

worthy of honour or respect

the dignit of labour Demnitate

12. Diplomat an official representing acountry abroad.

% diplomat is a person who "an

deal with others in a sensiti&e and

ta"tful way.

Diplomat

13. Discretion the freedom to decide what

should be done in a particular

situation

lo"al authorities shoulduse their

discretionin settin the "hares

Discretie

14. district court in the -, one of the courts

in the federal court system, whichuses a jury to ma"e decisions

about a crime or legal argument:

ankrupt"y "ourts are separate

units of the district courts* andha&e ex"lusi&e jurisdi"tion o&er

bankrupt"y "ases.

#urte de district

15. dividend the profit of a company that is

paid to the people who

ownshares in it

Dividendswill be sent to

shareholders.

Dividend

16. Dut$ a moral or legal obligation; a

responsibility

it-s my duty to uphold the law datorii

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17. ) nactment the passing of a law by a

legislatie body

erhaps the only formal whalin

"ode authoried by leislati&eenactment

* was that of Holland.

Legiferare

18. )nforce *to+ a

law

to ensure that the lawis being

followed

T he o&ernment must enforce the

laws.

A aplica o lege

19. )quit$ $ set of legal principles that

operates in addition to statutes

and common law and is intended

to gie judges fle(ibility to

achiee a just result

3eneral prin"iples of equit and

fairness allowed the "orporate

oranisational &eil to be lifted to

prote"t the interests of the third

party.

)chitate

20. )uropean

#ourt of ustice

the highest court in the /uropean

nion tas"ed with interpreting

/ law and ensuring its e!ual

application across all / member

states.

The!uropean Court of "ustice

says a rulin in a 'ypriot "ourt

that the &illa must be demolished

is appli"able

#urtea )uropeana de

ustitie

21. )vidence The many types of information

presented to a judge or jury

designed to conince them of thetruth or falsity of "ey facts.

!videncetypi"ally in"ludes

testimony of witnesses* do"uments*

photoraphs* items of damaedproperty* o&ernment re"ords*

&ideos* and laboratory reports

proba

22. e-amination The !uestioning of a witness by

an attorney 0or other party if the

This in+uiry re+uires both

obje"ti&e judment and the

e-aminare

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other party is selfrepresented*.

e#aminationof witnesses.

23. )-ecutor The person named in a will to

handle the property of someone

who has died.

The e#ecutor"olle"ts the property*

pays debts and taxes* and then

distributes what4s left* as spe"ifiedin the will.

)-ecutor

24. .ederal courts $ branch of the nited -tates

goernment with power deried

directly from the .-.

'onstitution.

$ederal courts may also de"ide

"ases where the parties are from

different states and are in&ol&ed in

a dispute for (56*000 or more

#urti federale

25. .elon$ $ serious crime 0contrasted with

less serious crimes such as

misdemeanors and infractions*,

usually punishable by a prisonterm of more than one year

7owney fa"es onefelon"ount of

possessin "o"aine

#rima

26. .ine.ine is imposed by a court on

someone found guilty of a crime

The 'entre for %ddi"tion and

8ental Health has been fined(50000 for two in"idents in whi"h

patients atta"ked nursin staff.

Amenda

27. .orger$ $ false document, signature, or

other imitation of an object of

alue used with the intention todeceie another into belieing it

is the real thing.

Those who "ommit forger are

"ommonly "hared with the "rime

of fraud.

.alsificare

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28. /uarantee a promise, esp a collateral

agreement, to answer for the debt,default, or miscarriage of another

aguarantee that an obliation

will be met

/arantie

29. guardian $n adult who has been appointed

by a court to control and care for

a minor or the minor%s property.

The father has reje"ted mo&es to

appoint an independentguardian

to look after his son.

# urator

30. gun $ weapon consisting of a metal

tube from which a projectile is

fired at high elocity into arelatiely flat trajectory.

% person skilled in the use of a

gun.

A rma

31. 0andle *to+

case

The action of a lawyer in an

action, a case

Howto Handle a Case?A duce un caz

32.

hearsa$Testimony gien by a witness who

is not telling what he or she "nows

personally, but what others hae

said.

8u"h of what was reported to

them was hearsay. D in auzite

33. hierarch$ a system for organising people or The "ourt has a riid hierar"hy ierarhie

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things according to their

importance in a society,

organisation, or other group

with e&iden"e.

34. (mplement *to+

a law

To implement legislation means to

ta"e actions that are re!uired by

the legislation.

$hi"h bran"h of o&ernment

Exe"utes or implements laws9

A elabora o lege

35. (mprisonment the action of putting someone

instate of being in prison

%ll were found uilty and

senten"ed to terms of

imprisonment.

1ntemniare

36. (n camera #n priate, to which the public donot hae acces

/uror are in camera. (n privat

37. (n dispute $ erbal controersy; a debate.

a disagreement or argument about

something important;

he had a dispute with his wife (n disputa

38. (nfringe *to+ a

law

The encroachment, breach, or

iolation of a right, law,

regulation, or contract.

To infringe a "opyriht;

toinfringe a rule.

A incalca o lege

39. inunctions a judicial process or order re!uirin

g the person or

persons to whom it is directed

He took out a "ourt injunction

aainst the newspaper demandin

the return of the do"ument.

Dispozitii, ordine

stricte

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to do a particular act or to

refrain from doing a particular

act.

$n injunction is a court order,

usually one telling someone not todo something.

40. (nns of court The four legal societies in /ngland

founded about the beginning of

the 13th century and haing the

e(clusie right to confer the title

of barrister on law students.

%nns of courtin"lude: #in"oln4s

,nn*,nner Temple*8iddle

Temple* 3ray4s ,nn

instante

41. instrument a formal legal document The proof of hearsay is this

intrument...

Document

42.

Iinsurance an arrangement by which a

company or the state underta"es to

proide a guarantee of

compensation for specified loss,

damage, illness, or death in return

for payment of a specified

premium

Howard is in insurance Asigurare

43. (ntegrit$ The state of being unimpaired;soundness.

the quality of the states being

unimpaired

resident is the uarantee of the

territorial integritof "ountry.

integritate

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44. intergovernme

ntal

4eing or occurring between two or

more goernments or diisions of

a goernment.

%ntergovernmentaloraniation (nterguvernamental

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45. udge2made

decisions

$ D/'#-#56 7$D/ 48 a

9D/.How!d"es #a$e

%e&isions?

D ecizii luate de

udecator

46. udgment $ final court ruling resoling the

"ey !uestions in a lawsuit and

determining the rights and

obligations of the parties.

!teps taken to enfor"e

defaultjudgments did not pro&e

effe"ti&e either.

hotr!re

47. udicial

precedent

$ judicial decision that may be

used as a standard in subse!uent

similar cases

judicial precedentis used in

"ommon law%recedent udiciar

48. uvenile court a criminal court which tries people

below the age at which ordinary

criminal prosecution is possible

7espite the fa"t that around half

akistan4s population is under 1*

the "ountry has only onejuvenile

court.

#urte pentru minori

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49. Law declaring

agencies

agencies that pronounce law What doesLaw

declaring agencies Mean?

agen iile care

pronun legea

50. Law merchant $ body of principles and

regulations applied to commercial

transactions and deriing from the

established customs of merchants

and traders rather than the

jurisprudence of a particular

nation or state.

The law merchantis* in fa"t*


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his or her own actions. #n almost

all states the basic legal age is 1.55. Legal aid nited !tates* more than

sixteen hundred legal aidaen"ies

pro&ide#eal ?epresentationwithout "ost or for a nominal fee

to people who are unable to pay

the usual amount for a lawyer4s

ser&i"es.

Autor legal gratuit

56. Legall$

binding

$n agreement between two or

more parties, especially one that is

written and enforceable by law.

What doesLe"all'

(indin" Mean?

6od legal

57. legal

representative

a general term for someone who

acts on behalf of another person in

a legal matter. The term legal

representatie is often used as a

synonym for lawyer.

His arrest should ha&e been made

when he "ould be a""ompanied by

his legal representative.

'eprezentant legal

58. Litigant $ny party to a lawsuit. This might

include a plaintiff, defendant,

petitioner, respondent, crosscomplainant, or crossdefendant,

but not a witness or attorney.

The proposals will allow "ounty

"ourt litigants to send money

dire"t to the me.

Litigant

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59. 6agistrate a public officer concerned with the

administration of law

the prin"ipal magistrateof the

town

6agistrat

60. 6andate $ny mandatory order or

re!uirement under statute,regulation, or by a public agency.

2* $n order from an appeallate

court to a lower court 0usually the

original trial court in the case*.

The resident and his supporters

are almost "ertain to read this&ote as a mandatefor "ontinued

e"onomi" reform.

6andat

61. 6arshal $ law enforcement officer similar

to a sheriff.

% federal marshal was killed in a

shoot@out.

6arsal

62. mitigation the action of mitigating 0=reducingthe harmful, unpleasant or bad

effects of something*.

An"e a risk is identified*mitigationpro"esses should be

put in pla"e.

mic7orare

63. motion $ formal re!uest that a judge enter

a particular order or ruling in a

lawsuit.proposal, proposition,

recommendation, submission,

suggestion

The "onferen"e is now debatin

the motion and will &ote on it

shortly.

6otiune

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64. 8atural law a principle or body of laws

considered as deried from nature,

right reason, or religion and as

ethically binding in human

society.

8atural lawis often contrasted

with positie law.

Dreptul natural

65. 8egligence 1. a ciil wrong whereby a person or

party is in breach of a legal duty of

care to another which results in

loss or injury to the claimant

2. #f someone is guilty of negligence,

they hae failed to do something

which they ought to do.

The soldiers were ordered to appear

before a disciplinary council on

charges of negligence&

8eglienta

66. 8otar$ public a public officer or other person

authori)ed to authenticate

contracts, ac"nowledge deeds,

ta"e affidaits, protest bills of

e(change, ta"e depositions, etc.

The origin of notaries publiccan

be traced to ancient &ome.

8otar public

67. 8otice #nformation that one person gies

to another, alerting the other party

of the first party%s intentions.

There are arious types of notice& 8otita

68. 8ullif$ *to+ To nullify a legal decision or

procedure means to declare that it

is not legally alid.

>e used his broad e(ecutie

powers to nullif$decisions by

local goernments.

A anula

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69. oath a promise, especially that you will

tell the truth in a law court

The witness pla"ed her hand on

the ible and took theoath

urm!nt

70. obection $n attorney%s formal statement

protesting something that has

occurred in court and see"ing the

judge%s immediate ruling.

The attorney has no objection obiectie

71. 9rder $ decision issued by a court, a

judge

The de"ision of a "ourt or jude is

made in the form of an order.

ordin

72. 9verride *to+ a

law

To replace, to substitute a law The lo"al authorities override the

laws.

A inlocui o lege

73. parliament the group of 0usually* elected

politicians or other people who

ma"e the laws for their country

!he was ele"ted toarliamentin

1))5

%arlament

74. %ass *to+ a law To approbate and pronounce a law Thearliamentpass a law. A adopta o lege19
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75. %atent $ grant by the .-. ?atent and

Trademar" 5ffice 0-?T5* that

allows the patent owner tomaintain a monopoly for a limited

period of time on the use and

deelopment of a new innoation.

copyright, inention, licence

He worepatent leather shoes. %atent

76. %enalt$ a punishment for brea"ing a rule,

regulation, law or agreement

>nder the new plan offi"ers will

be able to issue fixedpenalt

noti"es for offen"es like

shopliftin and drunk anddisorderly beha&iour.

penalitate

77. petition to re!uest action from a court of

law.

,f the debt BCamount owedD is

more than 1000* we "anpetition

the "ourt for a bankrupt"y hearin

%etitie

78. %ett$ offense $ minor crime, the ma(imum

punishment for which is generally

a fine or a short term in a prison ora house of correction

,n some states* apett offenseis a

"lassifi"ation in addition to

misdemeanor and felony.

( nfractiune marunta

79. %ic:et When a group of people, usually

trade union members, pic"et a

The miners went on strike and

pic*etedthe power stations.

A picheta

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place of wor", they stand outside

it in order to protest about

something, to preent people from

going in, or to persuade the

wor"ers to join a stri"e.80. plaintiff $ plaintiff is a person who brings

a legal case against someone in a

court of law.

plaintiff is a indispensable party

of a suit.

' eclamant

81. %olice The police are the official

organi)ation that is responsible for

ma"ing sure that people obey the

law.

Thepoliceare also lookin for a

se"ond "ar

%olitie

82. %olic$ $ policy is a set of ideas or plans

that is used as a basis for ma"ing

decisions, especially in politics,

economics, or business.

The resident and !e"retary of

!tate had a rand desin for

forein poli"y* a stru"ture of

pea"e.

% olitica

83. politics the official ways in which a

goernment has decided to deal

with other countries, in relation to

trade, defence,

oliti"s of our party is wron. %olitici

84. %rivate law the area of law that deals with

disagreements between people or

companies, rather than

The law of "ontra"ts is an

important part ofprivate law.

Drept privat

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disagreements that inole

goernment

85. %robate court 0also called a surrogate court*

$ probate court is aspeciali)ed courtthat deals with

matters ofprobateand

the administration of estates

$hen wills are "ontested Bfor

whate&er reasonD* theprobatecourt is responsible for rulin on

the authenti"ity of the do"ument

#urtea de %robe

3 au#urte de 3uccesiune

86. %robation ?robation is a period of time

during which a person who has

committed a crime has to obey the

law and be superised by a

probation officer, rather than being

sent to prison.

The thief was put on probation for

two years.

%robare

87. % ropert$ the right to possess, use, and

dispose of anything

ri&atepropert % roprietate

88. %rosecutor public prosecutor is an official

who puts people on trial on behalf

of the goernment and people of a

particular country.

rosecutorsare typi"ally lawyers

who possess a law deree.

%rocuror

89. % rotest to write an official statement

conforming that a bill has been

receied and that payment has

been refused, typically written by

The notary publi" was instru"ted

toprotestthe bill.

A profita

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a notary public

90. provision a statement in a contract or a law

that a specific thing must happen

or be done

%""ordin to the pro&isions of

se"tion 1) of the %"t* all interested

parties must pro&ide noti"e to the'ourt within F0 days.

dispozi ie

91. %ublic Law ?ublic law is a theory of law

goerning the relationship

between indiiduals 0citi)ens,

companies* and the state.

$hat ispublic lawand how does

it differ from pri&ate law9

Dreptul public

92. %ublic safet$ ?ublic safety is concerned with

social science, management or

technical categories related to thesafety and security of members a

society

oli"e must ensure publi" safety. 3ecuritatea publica

93.'atif$ 0especially of goernments or

organi)ations* to ma"e an

agreement official

8any "ountries ha&e now ratifiedthe >G "on&ention on the rihts of

the "hild

A ratifica

94. 'ecognize *to+ to identify a law %ll "itiens recogni+e the laws A recunoaste o lege

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a law made by leislature.

95. 'ed tape e(cessie formality and routine

re!uired before official action can

be ta"en.

The little money that was

a&ailable was tied up in

bureau"rati" red tape.

' utina inaintea

actiunii oficiale

96. reference a mention of something in a

speech, a piece of writing or an

artistic wor" etc

$e should normally a&oid

references to "ommer"ial

produ"ts.

'eferinta

97. ' eform to improe 0an e(isting

institution, law, practice, etc.* by

alteration or correction of abuses

, explained that reformmiht

in"rease the number of ritish

"itiens who had the riht of

&otin at ele"tions for parliament

' eforma

98. regime 1 a goernment, especially an

authoritarian one

2 a system or ordered way of

doing things

1. ideoloi"al opponents of the

regime

2. detention "entres with a

&ery touh physi"al regime

a tax regime

'egim

99. ')/;LAT(98 a rule 0usually issued by a

goernment agency or established

authority* that has the force of law

The 7epartment of ,mmiration

has issued new regulations

reardin the rantin of

temporary residen"e permits.

'egulament

100. resolution an official decision ta"en at a

meeting; the e(pression of opinion

or will of an official body by ote

The >G !e"urity 'oun"il will &ote

on the draft resolutionon

Tuesday.

'ezolutie

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101. retrospective a retrospectie law or decision

ta"es effect from a date in the past

before the law was introduced or

before the decision was made

The "i&il law has retrospective. retroactivitate

102. 'ight of

audience

#n common law, a right of

audience is generally a right of a

lawyer to appear and conduct

proceedings in court on behalf of

their client

8y right of audiencewas not

respe"ted.

Dreptul la audienta

103. 'obber$ the action of robbing a person or

place

he was in&ol&ed in drus*

extortion* and robber

af

104. 'omanian

Law$ers union

$ organi)ation of all &omanian

lawyers

, want to be a member of

omanian &awers union

;niunea avocatilor

romani

105. 3crutin$ critical obseration or e(amination e&ery aspe"t of lo"al o&ernment

was pla"edunder scrutin$

# ercetare, control

106. 3ecurit$ he state of being free from danger

or threat

the system is desined to pro&ide

maximumsecurit$ againsttoxi"

spills

3ecuritate

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107. 3elf2defence The use of reasonable force to

protect oneself from an aggressor.

H e killed him in selfdefence Legitim aprare

108. 3egregation the enforced separation of

different racial groups in acountry, community, or

establishment

an offi"ial poli"y of ra"ial

segregation

segregare

109. 3ettlement a formal arrangement made

between the parties to a lawsuit in

order to resole it, especially out

of court

the award was made as an out@of@

"ourt settlementby the dri&er-s

insuran"e firm

reglementare

110. sheriff 0in /ngland and Wales* thechief e(ecutie officer of the

'rown in a county, haing

arious administratie and

judicial functions.

'heriff is o person ele"tedannually in some Enlish towns.

3erif

111. 3 overeignt$ supreme and unrestricted power,

as of a state

%n example of so&ereinty is the

power of a kin to rule his people.

suveranitate

112. 3tatute

Legal Vocabular

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