Lecture 7 ppt

Language StudiesLanguage Studies

Lecture 7Lecture 7

Verbs & PassivesVerbs & Passives

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Language StudiesLanguage StudiesLecture 7 Verbs & PassiveLecture 7 Verbs & Passive

• Auxiliary Verb Features & FunctionsAuxiliary Verb Features & Functions• TENSE AGREEMENT MODALS TENSE AGREEMENT MODALS

PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE PERFECTPERFECT DODO

• Main Verb Features & FunctionsMain Verb Features & Functions• INFINITIVE PARTICIPLESINFINITIVE PARTICIPLES• FINITEFINITE//NON-FINITE TRANSITIVENON-FINITE TRANSITIVE//INTRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE • PHRASALPHRASAL

• The PassiveThe Passive

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This program is bought to you by the This program is bought to you by the smallest post office in Australia – where smallest post office in Australia – where the phones are always turned off.the phones are always turned off.

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• AUXILIARY VERBS• TENSETENSE• AGREEMENTAGREEMENT• MODALSMODALS• PERFECTPERFECT• PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE• DODO

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• TENSETENSE

II postposteded the letter.the letter.

If there is no auxiliary, it attaches to the main verb.If there is no auxiliary, it attaches to the main verb.


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• ATTACHES TO MAIN VERBATTACHES TO MAIN VERB

• ATTACHES TO AUXILIARY VERBATTACHES TO AUXILIARY VERB

• WHEN TO MAIN VERB?WHEN TO MAIN VERB?

• WHEN TO AUXILIARY VERB?WHEN TO AUXILIARY VERB?

II amam posting the letterposting the letter..

If there is an auxiliary it attaches to the first oneIf there is an auxiliary it attaches to the first one..


• TENSETENSE

• PRESENTPRESENT PAST PAST

She postShe postss the letters. She post the letters. She posteded the letters.the letters.

She She isis posting the letters. She posting the letters. She waswas posting posting the letters.the letters.

She She hashas posted the letters. She posted the letters. She hadhad posted posted the letters.the letters.

This is PRESENT, not PAST


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Language StudiesLanguage StudiesLecture 7 Verbs & PassiveLecture 7 Verbs & Passive• AGREEMENT AGREEMENT – VERBS AGREE WITH THEIR SUBJECT.– VERBS AGREE WITH THEIR SUBJECT.

• 33RDRD PERSON SINGULAR PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL PLURALShe works at the Post Office.She works at the Post Office.

They work at the Hotel.They work at the Hotel.

•33RDRD PERSON SINGULAR PERSON SINGULAR 1 1stst Person PersonShe works at the Post Office.She works at the Post Office.

I work at the pizza bar.I work at the pizza bar.

22ndnd Person Person

You work at the golf club.You work at the golf club.Click left button to continue.

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• Modal AuxiliariesModal Auxiliaries

• DefinitionDefinition

• Samples PRESENTSamples PRESENT

PASTPASTA word which indicates the “mood” of the A word which indicates the “mood” of the verb – ability, potential, likelihood.verb – ability, potential, likelihood.

cancan

couldcould

I I cancan see the scarecrow. see the scarecrow.

I I couldcould believe it was real. believe it was real.


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willwillPRESENT PRESENT I I willwill see the scarecrow. see the scarecrow.



• Modal AuxiliariesModal Auxiliaries

• The set of modalsThe set of modals

• Modals and agreementModals and agreement

PRESENT: can may must shall PRESENT: can may must shall will willPAST:PAST: could mightcould might should should would would

Modals don’t have the third person Modals don’t have the third person singular present tense singular present tense –s–s agreement. agreement.


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She mays be doing this.She mays be doing this. He shalls be doing this.He shalls be doing this.



• Progressive (or continuous) aspectProgressive (or continuous) aspect

• ““now”now”

• Double marking Double marking

The scarecrow is doing Tai Chi.The scarecrow is doing Tai Chi.

verb verb ““to beto be”” plus verb plus plus verb plus –ing–ing


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isis do doinging



• Perfect (or completed) aspectPerfect (or completed) aspect

• ““now finished”now finished”

• Double marking Double marking

The scarecrow has learnt Tai Chi.The scarecrow has learnt Tai Chi.

verb verb ““to haveto have”” plus verb plus plus verb plus –en/ –ed–en/ –ed


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hashas learn learntt



• ModalModal + + progressiveprogressiveThe scarecrow The scarecrow couldcould bebe laughing. laughing.

The scarecrow The scarecrow mightmight have caughthave caught a fish. a fish.

The scarecrow The scarecrow hashas bebeenen practis practisinging. .

The scarecrow The scarecrow mustmust havehave bebeenen exaggerat exaggeratinging Click left button to continue.

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• ModalModal + + perfectperfect

• ProgressiveProgressive + + perfectperfect

• ModalModal + + progressiveprogressive + + perfectperfect


• AUXILIARY AUXILIARY DODO

• Meaning?Meaning?• FunctionFunction

The scarecrow The scarecrow does does look great!look great!

None None

Emphasis, but can also carry the Emphasis, but can also carry the negative:negative:and switches in y/n Questions.and switches in y/n Questions.

The scarecrow The scarecrow doesn’t doesn’t sing. sing.

Does Does the scarecrow look great?the scarecrow look great?Click left button to continue.

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This program is proudly sponsored by the negative modal shouldn’t and the interrogative pronoun why.



• INFINITIVEINFINITIVE

• Definition & FunctionDefinition & Function

How far How far to goto go to the next bend? to the next bend?

Operates in particular expressions.Operates in particular expressions.Often in reduced sentences. Often in reduced sentences. To be or not to beTo be or not to be

Does not carry tense. Does not carry tense. to goedto goed

May carry aspect. May carry aspect. to go, to be going, to have goneto go, to be going, to have gone


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• PARTICIPLESPARTICIPLESGoing…going…gone! This mountain bike Going…going…gone! This mountain bike sold to the scarecrow with the beanie.sold to the scarecrow with the beanie.

going gone

• FORMSFORMS-ing-ing-en/-ed-en/-ed

PRESENTPRESENTPASTPAST

ACTIVEACTIVEPASSIVEPASSIVE

Current termCurrent term More accurate descriptorMore accurate descriptor


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• PARTICIPLES - FUNCTIONSPARTICIPLES - FUNCTIONS

• PRESENTPRESENTVERBVERB

• PASTPAST

PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVEHe He is is leaningleaning against a tree against a tree..

PERFECTPERFECTHe He has has foundfound a shady spot. a shady spot.


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• PRESENTPRESENTADJECTIVEADJECTIVE

• PASTPAST

PRESENT (ACTIVE)PRESENT (ACTIVE)He enjoys a He enjoys a relaxingrelaxing break. break.

PAST (PASSIVE)PAST (PASSIVE)He is very He is very tired.tired.


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• PRESENTPRESENTNOUNNOUN

• PASTPAST

RidingRiding is really hard work. is really hard work.

n/an/a


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• FINITE VERBSFINITE VERBSVerbs with a SUBJECT expressed are Verbs with a SUBJECT expressed are finite.finite.

Scarecrows sometimes cross the road.Scarecrows sometimes cross the road.VERBVERBSUBJECTSUBJECT FINITEFINITE


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• NON-FINITE VERBSNON-FINITE VERBSVerbs without a SUBJECT expressed Verbs without a SUBJECT expressed are non-finite.are non-finite.

Crossing this road can be dangerous.Crossing this road can be dangerous.VERBVERB

??

NON-FINITENON-FINITE

Don’t cross this road.Don’t cross this road.VERBVERB

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NON-FINITENON-FINITE


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• TRANSITIVE VERBSTRANSITIVE VERBSVerbs with an OBJECT expressed are Verbs with an OBJECT expressed are transitive.transitive.

Scarecrows don’t eat fast food.Scarecrows don’t eat fast food.VERBVERB OBJECTOBJECTTRANSITIVETRANSITIVE


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• INTRANSITIVE VERBSINTRANSITIVE VERBSSome verbs may be transitive or Some verbs may be transitive or intransitive, others are always intransitive.intransitive, others are always intransitive.

Scarecrows don’t eat.Scarecrows don’t eat.VERBVERB OBJECTOBJECTINTRANSITIVEINTRANSITIVE

??

Scarecrows don’t swim.Scarecrows don’t swim.

VERBVERB OBJECTOBJECT

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INTRANSITIVEINTRANSITIVE


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• PHRASAL VERBSPHRASAL VERBSVerb with integrated preposition(s)Verb with integrated preposition(s)Often a Often a downmarketdownmarket word for Latin word for Latin derived verb.derived verb.


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surrendersurrender ~~ give ingive in

tolerate tolerate ~~ put up withput up with




This program has been proudly sponsored by the past participle gone, and the present participle fishing.

Is the statement caught nothing a past and present participle combination too?




This program wishes to thank the friendly scarecrows of Nungarin and the fisherfolk of Rottnest for their kind contributions to the tall tales and true used in the sample sentences in this program, and now on with the



• ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICEACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

My uncle built this hotel.My uncle built this hotel.

• PassivePassiveThis hotel was built by my uncle.This hotel was built by my uncle.


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• ActiveActive

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OBJECTOBJECT

SUBJECTSUBJECT



• COMPONENTS OF PASSIVECOMPONENTS OF PASSIVESUBJECTSUBJECTPASSIVE VERB PASSIVE VERB AUX be + -en/-edAUX be + -en/-edByBy PHRASE PHRASE

This hotel was built by my uncle.This hotel was built by my uncle.SUBJECT PASSIVE VERB BY PHRASE


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• TENSE IN PASSIVETENSE IN PASSIVE

PresentPresentThe hotel The hotel isis being built by my uncle being built by my uncle

PastPastThe hotel The hotel waswas built by my uncle. built by my uncle.

Modal etcModal etcThe hotel The hotel willwill have been built by my uncle. have been built by my uncle.


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• byby phrase omission phrase omission


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PresentPresentThe hotel The hotel isis being built. being built.

PastPastThe hotel The hotel waswas built. built.

Modal etcModal etcThe hotel The hotel willwill have been built. have been built.

Language StudiesLanguage StudiesNEXT WEEK: The best of Nouns and Pronouns

The better of Adjectives & AdverbsThe good of Subordinate Clauses.

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Language StudiesLanguage Studies

Describe the word classes and groups for PROTECTING NATIVE FAUNAPROTECTING NATIVE FAUNA

and

ANNUAL FOX SHOOTANNUAL FOX SHOOT

Lecture 7 ppt

Education

Transcript of Lecture 7 ppt