WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS

DEFINITIONS DESCRIBE HUMAN RESPONSES TO LEVELS OF WELLNESS IN AN INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY OR COMMUNITY THAT HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR ENHANCEMENT TO A HIGHER STATE. (NANDA) CARPENTINO( 1995) - - ONE PART STATEMENT THAT INCLUDE A LABEL ONLY. (since the client is desiring a higher level of functioning) two cues for wellness nursing diagnosis: (1) Desire for higher level of wellness (2) effective present status or function. STOLTE (1994) CONCLUSION FROM ASSESSMENT DATA WHICH FOCUSES ON PATTERNS OF WELLNESS, HEALTHY RESPONSES OR CLIENTS STRENGTH. FOCUSES ON PROGRESSIVE ATTAINMENT OF HEALTH BEHAVIORS OR COMPLETION OF DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS. NURSING ACTION IS FOCUS ON ENHANCING THE CONTRIBUTING CONDITION AS WELL AS HELPING THE CLIENT PROGRESS THROUGH THE PROCESS.

WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS CONTROVERSYARGUMENTS AGAINSTAcute Care Settings have a problem focus and a heavy workload

ARGUMENTS FORWellness diagnosis complement problem-oriented diagnoses and provide holistic assessment. Other client advantages: 1. Focus on past and present strengths 2. Provide evidence of past and present coping ability Nurses facilitates progression through normal developmental and maturational tasks even if no problems exists. A health-oriented focus provides encouragement that success is possible. Cost-containment efforts for wellness care are becoming directed toward health. Wellness diagnoses help build a case for the nurses role in the wellness arena.

The Client who has no problems does not need a nurse

Payment is not available for wellness care

DEVELOPING A WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS HEALTH RELATED PROCESSES PROCESS: facilitates nurse development of wellness diagnosis, a process is involved if the client must complete several steps or phases before the final goal is reached. Some process where wellness nursing diagnosis might be used include the following: Gaining new information Wound healing Learning new skills Improving physical functional status Weaning from ventilators Acquiring new roles Achieving maturational/developmental tasks Developing new strengths

Examples of steps Health-related process Process GAIN NEW KNOWLEDGE Process Steps Recall, identify, acquire information Observation, Practice with Supervision, Competence in skill, Proficiency in skill

LEARN NEW SKILL

Observe role behaviors, Mimic of behaviors, ACQUIRE NEW ROLE acceptance of behaviors for own life, Incorporate behaviors into lifestyle

WRITING WELNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS One-Part Diagnosis Mundinger and Jauron (1975) NURSING DIAGNOSIS AS TWO PART STATEMENT: CLIENT RESPONSE TO CONTRIBUTING CONDITION NANDA: DIAGNOSTIC LABEL TO ETIOLOGY OR RELATED FACTOR Or PROBLEM and CAUSE

IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY A PARTICULAR CONDITION THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE CLIENTS RESPONSE ESPECAILLY IF THE STRENGTH IS EXISTED FOR SOME TIME. ONE-PART DIAGNOSIS CAN BE USED THE ==== RESPONSE ONLY BETTER TO EXPRESS RESPONSE ONLY WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS IN A PROCESS FORMAT- WILL AVOID CONFUSION

EXAMPLE: RESPONSE: MATERNAL-INFANT ATTACHMENT

PROCESS RESPONSE: BEGINNING MATERNALINFANT ATTACHMENT GOAL: ATTAINEMENT OF MATERNAL-INFANTATTACHMENT INTERVENTION: NURSE ENABLING THE MOTHER TO LEARN MORE ABOUT HER INFANT BY PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERACTION WITH THE INFANT AS WELL AS DESCRIBING INFANT CAPABILITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS.

Two-Part Diagnosis If the nurse can identify specific conditions that contribute to the client response, it is ideal to include them in the diagnosis because they give direction to nursing care. RELATIONSHIP AMONG ASSESSMENT, WELNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND GOALSASSESSMENT Observational Data + WELLNESS DIAGNOSIS Healthy Response related to a Contributing Condition

Nurses knowledge of Health Related Process

Long-term goal

Short term Goal

CONDITIONS GENERALLY REINFORCE, AMPLIFY OR MAINTAIN THE CLIENTS RESPONSE. THE NURSE EFFORTS ARE DIRECTED AT SUPPORTING OR ENHANCING THE CONDITION, WHICH THENS FOSTERS AND STRENGTHENS THE CLIENTS RESPONSE.

THE NURSE MUST DECIDE WHICH CONDITION WILL BE THE FOCUS OF THE CARE IN TERMS OF SEVERAL CONDITIONS EXISTING.

Observational data

Healthy Response

Contributing Condition

Wellness Diagnosis

Calling the infant by name Holding the infant in en face position Initiation breastfeeding of

BEGINNING MATERNAL ATTACHMENT

Initiation of breastfeeding Early contact with infant Systematic Playing with the Baby

BEGINNING MATERNAL ATTACHMENT RELATED TO INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING

Early contact with infant

Systematic Playing with the Baby

LONG TERM GOAL: Related to the response portion of the diagnosis oTo achieve maternal-infant attachment SHORT TERM: the diagnosis Example: The client will have a successful breastfeeding experience as evidenced by: infant weight gain statements of satisfaction about breastfeeding duration of breastfeeding for at least 4 weeks. Related to the condition portion of

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOALS AND DIAGNOSIS Before goals are determined, nurse shares the diagnosis with the client to seek input and validation GOALS includes criteria, written in terms of specific behaviors or observable data, which make it possible to determine if they are met. (RUMBAT ) Realistic, Unambiguous, Measurable, Behavioral, Achievable, Time-bounded Examples of qualifiers the nurse might use when developing goals for the diagnosis: - Attainment - Sustained - Continued -Completion - Increased - Acceptance

Suggested Wording of Goals for Healthy ResponsesHealthy Response Long-term goal

Beginning attainment of Attainment of Maternal Maternal Role Role Pride in ability to Master Continued Pride in New Role Ability to Master New Role Ability to Maintain stress reduction Increasing ability to maintain stress reduction Sustained satisfaction with past and present life as lived

Satisfaction with past and present life as lived

Healthy Response

Long-term goal

Reevaluation of personal goals Beginning acceptance of self Improving nutritional intake

Revised personal goals/ or expressed satisfaction with present goals Acceptance of self

Adequate nutritional intake

COMMON OBSTACLES TO WRITING WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSISPROPOSED SOLUTION TO DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING WELLNESS DIAGNOSESDifficulty Proposed Solution

Inability to identify Health Orientation health responses instead of problem orientation/change in nurse values Inability to identify contributing condition Comprehensive client and environmental assessment

Difficulty

Proposed Solution

Process approach to Confusion between wellness nursing healthy response and goal diagnosis

Circular nursing diagnosis (similar response and condition)

Knowledge of related process

health

Encouraging nurses to see patient as a half-full glass instead of half-empty glassChoose contributing condition which the nurse can intervene. If the condition cannot be facilitated, supported or enhanced, there is little that the nurse can do, particularly in healthy situation.

Example: NOT USEFUL: Normal grief response related to death of spouseUSEFUL: Progressive resolution of grief related to Reminiscing about loved one.

Writing responses in a process format.

Circular wellness nursing diagnosis: response and condition portion of the diagnosis are synonymous or are a part of each other. If diagnosis are circular, goals become unclear and its not possible to differentiate long and short term goalsTo avoid circular diagnosis. 1. Be sure that the condition is not one of the cluster of health behaviors upon which the response portion of the diagnosis is based.

2. If the client must accomplish several steps before the process described in the response portion of the diagnosis is completed, the steps in the process cannot be used as condition for the dignosis. Ex. CIRCULAR DIAGNOSIS: Beginning Maternal attachment related to establishing eye contact with the infant GOOD WELLNESS DIAGNOSIS: Beginning Maternal Attachment related to increasing confidence in infant care-taking abilities. ( the nurse can do something on the condition to increase the healthy response)

AREAS OF STRENGTH ASSESSMENT: Motivation Health Promotion Behaviors Nutrition Stress management Physical Exercise Health-seeking behaviors Maturational and/or Developmental events Role Mastery Social support Spirituality Physical Exercise Psychological State Interaction with Health Care environment Compliance Coping skills Personal Success/Mastery

Wellness Nursing Diagnosis for Adults in Critical Care BEEP Model ( Roberts, 1986)B E E P Behavior Emotion Environment Physiology

BEHAVIOR CONSCIOUSNESS 1. Maintaining Consciousness and cognitive Function - Ex. Requesting assistance, proper dosage of pain relievers, prn O2, communicate & participate in care 2. Maintaining Effective Communication - Ex. Communication of intubated patients

CONSISTENCY OF BEHAVIOR 1. Progressing through the grieving process Ex. Anger on lower extremity dysfunction of spinal cord injury 2. Maintaining muscle strength related to high motivation to meet nutritional needs Ex. Mild anxiety of patient with acute exacerbation of pulmonary disease, malnourished and motivated to drink highprotein formula to strengthen pulmonary muscle strength 3. Complying with treatment plan

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENT BACKGROUND 1. Facilitating own emotional balance related to initiation of diversional therapies Ex. Considering personal idiosyncrasies, anxiety & boredom 2. Acquiring Knowledge Ex. Knowledge as coping mechanism 3. Questioning Care related to personal coping style Ex- persistent questioning of each aspect of care

CONTROL OF MOVEMENT 1. Improving activity tolerance Ex. Tolerance of activity level and physical mobility

EMOTIONS1. Retaining sense of control related to ability ( opportunity) to make decisions concerning health care 2. Maintaining social support networks 3. Maintaining family cohesiveness 4. Maintaining consistent self-concept related to realistic, objective appraisal of events Ex. Incorporating role changes 5. Accepting limitations from illness/injury Ex. Acceptance of medical diagnosis

ENVIRONMENT1. Maintaining sensory input balance Ex. Requesting quiet environment 2. Obtaining normal sensory input Ex. Asking explanation about sounds and beeps 3. Maintaining usual sleep/rest cycle Ex. Requesting physician no vital sign after 12mn

PHYSIOLOGY1. Progressive healing of myocardium related to reduction of physical activity and management of stress response 2. Maintaining normal blood pressure during position changes 3. Effective airway clearance related to independent use of incentive spirometer 4. Maintaining skin integrity related to active range of motion and position changes

PHYSIOLOGY5. Progressive weaning from ventilator related to active effort to slow breath and mange anxiety 6. Progressing toward nutritional balance related to consistent intake of x number of calories/day 7. Sustained ability to carry out self-care activities related to use of energy conservation techniques 8. Progressing toward fluid and electrolyte balance related to regulation of fluid intake.

WELLNESS NURSING CARE PLANCues Nursing Analysis Wellness Diagnosis Goal Identified Strategies Ratio- Nurses nale role Role Explanation Evaluation

CASE EXERICISE:At Marys 6-week postpartum visit( first child) , the nurse noticed the following behaviors: Mary handled her infant with confidence when feeding and comforting the infant, she stated that she never imagine how much one could love a baby, and she noticed that the infant looked just like the babys father. The nurse remembered that KoniakGriffin (1993) described three components of maternal role attainment: attachment to the infant, skill in infant caretaking and expressed pleasure in the role. Her husband is starting to participate in the care of the infant. Marys previous experience with the care of her nephew before allow her to cope better on her baby. Mary discussed with the nurse that she wanted to know more about infant growth and how to handle discipline matters in the future. She really desires to have her husband participate more in the infant care.

CONDITIONS: Interacting with a healthy infant Receiving help in the infant care from her husband and family Having previous experience in infant care ( nurse & Mary discussed possible mothering role goals) More information about infant growth Ways to handle future discipline matters New ways to incorporate her husband in the infant care. WELLNESS NURSING DIAGNOSIS BEGINNING ATTAINMENT OF MATERNAL ROLE

LONG-TERM GOALATTAINMENT OF MATERNAL ROLE WILL BE ACHIEVED IN 9 MONTHS AS EVIDENCED BY THE FOLLOWING: Mary will be able to describe her infants patterns of behavior and respond to these changing patterns in ways that will meet the babys needs. Mary will continue to identify infant characteristics that remind her family members Mary and her husband will discuss ways to handle difficult care issues, such as discipline.

INTERVENTIONS:

1. Reinforce Marys positive caretaking behavior 2. Helping Mary anticipate changes in infant care that will occur as Baby grows 3. Praising Mary & her family for the way they work together to provide infant care 4. Discussing with Mary ways on how to meet her needs as well as the needs of the infant.