Last Minute Revision Guide P1 Content

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Last Minute Revision Guide – P1

Content:

Quranic Passages.…………………………………………………..2

History & Importance of Holy Quran………………………5

Life in Makkah………………………………..………………………9

Life in Madina……………………..………………………………..14

Character of Prophet (PBUH)...................................22

First Islamic Community.…………….…………………………24

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☆ Quranic Passages:

● Students have a choice of attempting any two passages from the three passages given

in the exam paper. The question consists of two parts; Part a, one has to explain the

main theme of the passage. In part b, one has to tell how these teachings are

important in a Muslim’s life.

● Make sure to put in references from Quran and Ahadith to get full marks. (if you don’t

remember many verses or Ahadith to support the themes mentioned in part (a)

● Make sure your part b is as relevant to a Muslim’s life as possible.

● Ayat Al Kursi (2:255):

1. Allah in himself

2. Tawheed

3. Authority of Allah

4. Throne of Allah

● Surah Anaam (6:101-103):

1. Oneness of Allah

2. Knowledge of Allah

3. Power of Allah

4. Allah in himself

● Surah Fussilat (41:37-39):

1. Signs of Allah

2. Unique creation of Allah

3. Power of Allah.

4. Resurrection by Allah

5. Allah in himself

● Surah Ikhlas (42:4-5):

1. All belongs to Allah

2. Allah is most forgiving (Ghafoor)

3. Worship of Allah

4. Allah in himself

● Surah Ikhlas (112):

1. Oneness of Allah

2. Allah in himself

3. Allah is unique

4. Allah doesn't have a family

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● Surah Fatiha (1):

1. Oneness of Allah

2. Master of all Worlds.

3. Forgiver and merciful

4. Allah’s relation with the created World

● Surah Baqarah (2:21-22):

1. Blessings of Allah

2. Oneness of Allah


● Surah Alaq (96:1-5):

1. Creator of everything

2. Teacher of All knowledge


● Surah Zilzaal (99):

1. Starting of day of Judgement

2. Allah's power in action

3. Reward for deeds


● Surah Nas (114):

1. Protection by Allah

2. Kingship of Allah

3. Oneness of Allah


● Surah Baqarah (2:30-37):

1. Allah's knowledge surpasses all

2. Allah and his messengers

3. Those who disobey Allah are punished

4. Creation of Mankind

● Surah Anaam (6:76-79):

1. Faith in Allah

2. Knowledge provided by Allah

3. Oneness of Allah

4. Prophet's wisdom


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● Surah Maidah (5:110):

1. Miracles of messengers given to them by Allah

2. Power and might of Allah

3. Responsibility of messengers


● Surah Duha (93):

1. Allah comforting his Prophet (PBUH)

2. Hardships would eventually come to an end

3. Allah never leaves his believers alone


● Surah Kausar (108):

1. Glad tidings to Prophet (PBUH)

2. Command to pray and sacrifice

3. In the end, only disbelievers will be at a disadvantage and believers will succeed.


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☆ History & Importance of Holy Quran

✓ Methods of revelations:

● Narrated 'Aisha: (the mother of the faithful believers) Al-Harith bin Hisham asked

Allah's Apostle O Allah's Apostle! How is the Divine Inspiration revealed to you?

Allah's Apostle replied, sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of

Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what

is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I

grasp whatever he says. 'Aisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired

divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dripping from his forehead (as the

Inspiration was over). (Sahih Bukhari:2)

✓ Compilation of Quran:

✓ During Hazrat Abu Bakr's Caliphate:

● In the battle of Yamama more than 70 Huffaz were martyred.

● Hazrat Umar (RA) suggested Hazrat Abu Bakr to compile the Quran in the form of a

book.

● Hazrat Abu Bakr was reluctant but he later agreed and ordered Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit

to collect the verses of the Quran from parchments, scapula, leaf-stalks of date palms

and from the memories of men (who knew it by heart).

● Hazrat Zaid compiled all verses of the Quran in one book and then that book remained

with Hazrat Abu Bakr. After his death it was given to Hazrat Umar who later gave it to

Hazrat Hafsa (RA) and this book was known as ‘Mashaf e Hafsa'.

✓ During Hazrat Uthman's Caliphate:

● Hazrat Huzaifa bin Yaman told Hazrat Uthman that new converts of Shaam and Iraq

used to recite Quran differently. He was afraid that differences would develop

amongst the Ummah if the Quran was not compiled in one dialect.

● Syedna Uthman ordered Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit, Abdullah bin Zubair, Saad Ibn Al-Aas

and Abdur Rehman bin Harith bin Hisham to compile All copies of the Quran in the

dialect of Quraish.

● All other copies of the Quran which were in different dialects were burnt.

✓ Use of Quran in legal thinking:

● Quran is the basis of all Principles in Islam.

● Allah (SWT) has provided men with all knowledge necessary to complete the faith

through the Quran.

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● The Prophet (SAW) said: I leave among you that, if you hold fast to it, you will never

go astray, that is the book of Allah (SWT).

● Quran has commands related to all obligations in one’s life

● In Surah's, Allah has taught us the way to live life.

● The Quran informs us about activities which are haram and sinful and how one can

stay away from them.

● The Quran has laws for all actions and crimes and provides utmost justice.

● An example: Quran tells us the punishment for those who commit fornication, 100

lashes for men and women.

✓ Use of Quran with Hadith:

● Hadith is the 2nd source of Islamic law.

● It is the word and teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) compiled in the form of books.

● Ahadith elaborates topics which are mentioned in Quran for e.g: method of Namaz,

timings for namaz and so many other topics.

● Quran could not discuss everything in detail as had that been the case then Quran

would have been many times its original size.

● Ahadith goes in detail with all topics and tells us about the day to day affairs that

occur in everyone’s life.

● Ahadith support Quran in all aspects and if any hadith goes against the teaching of

Quran then that hadith is considered invalid.

● An example: Quran tells us about the law of inheritance in the first few verses of

Surah Nisa but Ahadith tell us about the fact that a Muslim cannot inherit from a

Muslim and and Muslim cannot inherit from a non-muslim or an adopted child doesn't

have a share in Inheritance.

✓ Use of Quran with Ijma:

● Ijma means consensus or unity of the opinions of the learned.

● It is the 3rd source of Islamic law and is extensively used to deduce Shariah Law. ● Quran supports Ijma with Surah Nisa, Ayat #115: “And whoever opposes the

Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of

the believers - We will give him what he has taken and drive him into Hell, and evil it is

as a destination.” Many Scholars over the centuries have concluded that ‘way of the

believers' means Ijma in this verse.

● Hazrat Umar wrote to one of his governors: “Judge according to what is in the Book of

Allah. If it is not (mentioned) in the Book of Allah, then (judge) according to the

Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah [SAW]. If it is not (mentioned) in the Book of Allah

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or the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah [SAW], then pass judgment according to the

way the righteous passed judgment. If it is not (mentioned) in the Book of Allah, or

the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah [SAW], and the righteous did not pass judgment

concerning it, then if you wish, go ahead (and try to work it out by yourself) or if you

wish, leave it. And I think that leaving it is better for you. And peace be upon you”. In

another hadith in Al Mustadrik Al-Hakim (398-399), The Prophet (SAW) said: “ Allah

would never let my nation gather over misguidance “

● Ijma is only valid when the Quran and Hadith are silent on any Shariah issues.

● First Ijma in the Ummah after the Prophet (PBUH) was the appointment of Syedna

Abu Bakr as the first Caliph.

● The Prophet (PBUH) used to Consult his companions in all matters and used to do

whatever the majority suggested (Example: Fighting outside medina in battle of

Uhud).

● Compilation of the Quran in one book was also done through Ijma.

● Many more examples of Ijma in today’s day and age are: use of video cameras, post

mortem of bodies, offering of prayers on South & North poles where sun doesn't rise

for weeks and months at times, etc.

✓ Use of Quran with Qiyas:

● Qiyas is the 4th source of Islamic law. ● It means to measure or to make two things equal. ● According to Shariah, it means applying the original law of the Quran and Sunnah to

new Shariah issues on the basis of common reasons. ● One example is the Quran tells us about prohibition of wine but now we declare all

other intoxicants haram which were not present at the time of the Prophet (PBUH).

● Another Example for Qiyas is, Prophet (PBUH) commanded his companions to offer

prayer of Asr at the forts of Banu Qurayza (after battle of trench). Some companions

offered Asr before they reached their forts as the time for Maghrib was approaching,

some companions offered Asr along with Maghrib at the forts of Banu Qurayza. The

Prophet (PBUH) declared both groups right as one followed the theme (to reach early

and offer prayer) and the other group followed the words of the Prophet, so none of

them was wrong.

● There are four components of Qiyas:

1) Asl (The original case): on which a ruling is given in the text and analogy seeks to

extend it to a new case.

2) The new case (Far'): on which a ruling is needed.

3) The effective cause ('illah): which is an attribute of the original case and it is found to

be common between the original and the new case.

4) The rule (Hukm): governing the original case, which is to be extended to the new case.

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Example:

● Asl: eating onion in mosque.

● Far': smoking in mosque.

● 'illah': causing bad smell to the mouth.

● Hukm: prohibition/Haram.

✓ Difference between Makki and Madni Surahs:

● Makki Surahs were revealed in Makkah. Madni surahs were revealed in Madina.

● Makki Surahs dealt with oneness of Allah, day of judgement, whereas Madni Surahs

dealt with social problems.

● Makki surahs were revealed over a period of 13 years whereas Madni Surah were

revealed over a period of 10 years.

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☆ Life in Makkah

✓ Life before Prophethood:

● Born in 571 AD, mother saw a dream which lit up the palaces of Syria.

● Urban Arabs had a tradition to send their kids to grow up in the desert to make them

stronger.

● Taken by Halima Saadia

● Opening of chest and Washing of heart by Angel Jibrael.

● Death of mother at the age of 6 and death of grandfather at the age of 8.

● Trip to Basra with Abu Talib.

● Sacrilegious war between two tribes (called Harb ul Fajr).

● Pledge called Half al Fudul taken by people of Makkah.

● The Prophet (PBUH) was hired by Khadija (RA) to do business for her in Syria.

● Marriage of the Prophet (PBUH) with Syedah Khadjia (RA).

● Destruction and rebuilding of Kaaba.

● Placing of the black stone (Hajr-e-Aswad)

✓ The first Revelation:

● Isolation in the cave of Hira- Mount Noor.

● Angel Jibrael appeared before the Prophet (PBUH) and asked him to recite

● Angel Jibrael squeezed the Prophet (PBUH) between his arms thrice.

● Allah revealed the first 5 verses of Surah Alaq.

● The Prophet got scared and asked Syedah Khadijah to cover him.

● Khadija (RA) took him to her cousin Warqa bin Naufal. ● Warqa informed the Prophet about the angel who appeared before him.

● Acceptance of Islam by Hazrat Khadijah, Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Zaid

bin Haritha.

● Hazrat Abu bakr brought pillars like Hazrat Uthman, Zubair, Abdur Rehman, Saad and

Talha (RA) to Islam.

✓ First three years of Preaching:

● The Prophet was ordered to preach secretly for the first 3 years, “And warn your

relatives” (26:214).

● Prophet (PBUH) invited his family to his home for a dinner so he could preach Islam.

Only Hazrat Ali pledged to support the Prophet (PBUH).

● Only 40 people accepted Islam in the first three years.

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● Openly preached Islam for the first time at the mount of Safa after Allah revealed

Surah Hijr, Verse number:15 “Therefore declare openly to them, what you are

commanded, and turn away from pagans.”

✓ Persecutions faced by the Holy Prophet:

● Abu Lahab ordered his two sons to divorce the daughters of the Prophet.

● Abu Lahab and his wife used to throw dirt and spikes on the doorstep of the Prophet.

● Abu Jahl tried hurting the Prophet but was stopped by the angels.

● Uqbah Bin Abi Muit nearly strangled the Prophet (PBUH) to death.

● Uqbah bin Abu Muit threw abdominal contents of the camel on the Prophet while He

(PBUH) prostrated.

✓ Persecutions faced by companions of the Prophet (PBUH)

● Hazrat Bilal tortured by Ummayah bin Khalaf

● Quraish used to bury people alive and only let their heads stay out of the surface of

the Earth.

● Abu Jahl Martyred Summayah and Yasir (RA).

● Khabab ibn Al-Arat left lying on the burning coal.

● Utbah offered the Prophet wealth, marriage and the king ship of Makkah to stop this

but the Prophet refused.

● The Prophet (PBUH) was also verbally tortured by his enemies, after the death of his

sons, he was called Abtar (cut off) but then Allah revealed Surah Kausar and called the

Prophet's enemies Abtar (cut off) and pleased his Messenger.

✓ Migration to Abyssinia:

● In the 5th year of Prophethood, the first group of muslims (12 men and 4 women)

including Uthman (RA) and Ruqayya (RA) migrated.

● Rumor spread that Quraish has accepted Islam but it was a fake rumor.

● Then a second group of muslims (83 men and 19 women) migrated.

● Quraish sent Amr ibn Al-Aas and Abdullah Ibn abi Rabiah to get these people back to

Makkah.

● Najashi called muslims in the court.

● Hazrat Jafar bin Abi Talib stood up and told them about Islam and then he recited

verses from Surah Maryam.

● Next day Amr ibn al Aas told Najashi about muslim belief in Jesus (Hazrat Isa)

● Hazrat Jafar again defended Islam and told Najashi about their true belief in Hazrat

Isa.

● Muslims were allowed to stay in Abyssinia and Quraishi men had to return.

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✓ Islam of Umar (RA) and Hamza (RA):

● Hazrat Hamza was informed about how Abu Jahl hit the Prophet (SAW). Hazrat Hamza

got infuriated and accepted Islam just to oppose Abu Jahl.

● Allah later filled his heart with Faith.

● Hazrat Umar was initially a staunch enemy of Islam.

● Prophet Prayed for Hazrat Umar.

● Hazrat Umar accepted Islam after reading verses of Surah Taha at the house of her

sister Fatima bint Khattab (RA).

● Muslims then chanted slogans of Allah u Akbar.

✓ Boycott of Banu Hashim:

● In the 7th year of Prophethood, Quraish boycotted muslims and Banu Hashim (their

muslims and non-muslims).

● Embargo continued for 3 years.

● It came to an end after 5 men from Quraish spoke against it and then Allah informed

the Prophet about how the termites have eaten the contract except the name of Allah

written on it.

✓ Aam Ul Huzn (Year of grief):

● 6 months after the embargo had lifted, Abu Talib passed away.

● Two months later, Syedah khadijah also passed away.

● This is why the 10th year of Prophethood was known as the Year of grief.

✓ Visit to Taif:

● Quraish exploited the Prophet (PBUH) after the death of Abu Talib.

● The Holy Prophet started targeting people outside Makkah.

● In the 11th year of Prophethood, He (SAW) went to Taif with Zaid ibn Haritha.

● People of Taif threw rocks at them and severely injured them.

● The Prophet (PBUH) and Zaid Bin Haritha took refuge at the orchard of Utbah Bin

Rabiah and Shaybah bin Rabiah.

● Angel Jibrael appeared before the Prophet with the angel of Mountain and sought

permission to destroy the people of Taif.

● He (SAW) forgave them despite having the authority to destroy them.

✓ Jinns at Nakhla:

● Holy Prophet offered prayer at a place called Nakhla where he was heard by some

jinns who accepted Islam and went on to preach it in their community.

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● The Prophet (PBUH) returned to Makkah with the help of Mutam bin Udai.

✓ Isra and Mairaj:

● Most tragic time in the life of the Prophet was followed by the best blessing.

● Angel Jibrael came with Buraq. Jibrael (AS) opened his chest and washed his heart and

then took him to Jerusalem.

● The Prophet (PBUH) led all Prophets in a prayer there.

● He (SAW) was then taken to the heavens.

● He (SAW) met Hazrat Adam, Hazrat Isa, Hazrat Yayha, Hazrat Yousuf, Hazrat Haroon,

Hazrat Musa and Hazrat Ibrahim in heaven from 1st till 7th.

● He (SAW) was awarded with 50 prayers for day and night which got reduced to 5 after

discussions with Hazrat Musa and requesting to Allah.

● The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was taken to Paradise and hellfire.

● He (SAW) then returned to Makkah.

✓ Finding an Alternate base:

● From the 10th to 13th year of Prophethood, the Holy Prophet focused on people

outside of Makkah.

● He (SAW) met 6 people from the tribe of Al-Khazraj who accepted Islam and decided

to go back to Yathrib and preach Islam to their people and bring as many muslims as

they can in the next season of Hajj.

✓ First Pledge of Aqabah:

● In the 12th year of Prophet hood, 12 men from Yathrib came and accepted Islam.

● 10 belonged to Khazraj and 2 to Al-Aws.

● This pledge is also known as the first pledge of Aqabah. ● They said “We will not worship anyone but one Allah; we will not steal; neither will

we commit adultery, nor kill our children; we will not utter slander, intentionally

forging falsehood and we will not disobey you in any just matter.”

● The Holy Prophet Sent them back to Yathrib with Hazrat Musab ibn Umair and Hazrat

Abdullah ibn Umm Maktoom (RA).

● Tribes in Yathrib started accepting Islam.

✓ Second Pledge of Aqabah:

● In the 13th year of Prophet hood, 71 men and 2 women came to Makkah to accept

Islam.

● Hazrat Abbas was the only non-muslim to attend that meeting and he addressed the

people of Yathrib about the safety of Prophet.

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● Prophet (SAW) said: 1. You will listen and obey me in every situation, misery and prosperity.

2. You will enjoy good and forbid evil.

3. You shall speak the truth.

4. You shall not fear the reproach of reproachers and that you will help me.

5. When I come to you, you will save me from them, from which you save

yourself, your wives and your sons.

6. In exchange for these things you will get Paradise.

● People of Yathrib pledged.

● Holy Prophet now had a strong base.

● He (SAW) made sure his companions migrated before him.

● Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Umar publicly announced before they migrated.

✓ Migration to Madina:

● The Quraish decided to Kill the Holy Prophet.

● Allah informed the Holy Prophet about their plan.

● He (SAW) asked Hazrat Ali to lay on his bed and he moved out and threw dirt on the

faces of men who gathered to kill him.

● He (SAW) took Hazrat Abu Bakr with him and stayed in the cave of Thawr for 3 days.

● He (SAW) then left for Yathrib with Hazrat Abu Bakr.

● He (SAW) was chased by Suraqa who was stopped by Allah. He pledged to misguide

anyone he found who was looking for the Prophet.

● The Prophet stopped at the house of Umm Ma'bad.

● He (SAW) then established the mosque of Quba.

● The Prophet (SAW) entered Medina on a Monday in the month of Rabi ul Awwal.

● He (SAW) built the Mosque of the Prophet (Masjid e Nabwi) along with his

companions.

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☆ Life in Madina

● The first project in Madina was to build the mosque.

● The Prophet (PBUH) built the Prophet’s mosque from mud and palm leaves

along with his companions.

● People of Madina chose the Holy Prophet as their leader over Abdullah ibn

Ubay which is why Abdullah ibn Ubay developed strong hatred against the Holy

prophet and later went on to become the leader of hypocrites in medina.

● 5 tribes lived in Madina (Aws, Khazraj, Banu nadir, Banu Qaynuqa, Banu

Qurayza).

✓ Call to Prayer:

● Abdullah ibn Zayed saw the verses of Azaan in a dream and told the Holy Prophet

about it, Later Hazrat Umar saw the same dream and informed the Holy Prophet

about it.

✓ Brotherhood:

● The Prophet (SAW) established brotherhood between Ansar (the people of Madina)

and Muhajireen (People who migrated from Makkah).

● Example of Hazrat Saad bin Rabiah (RA) and Hazrat Abdur Rehman ibn Awf (RA).

✓ Charter of Madina:

● Third project in Madina was a covenant; documents with the Jews according to which

Jews and Muslims were bound to support each other against enemies and the Holy

Prophet was chosen to be the highest Authority.

● Jews could not aid the non-muslims in case they attacked Muslims instead they had to

support muslims or rather stay neutral.

● No unlawful killing of each other.

● Obey Prophet's decision at all times.

✓ Change of Qibla:

● In the 2nd year of Hijra, Allah ordered the Prophet (SAW) to change his direction

towards Kaaba while he was praying and the companions followed him.

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✓ Saraya of Abdullah Ibn Jahsh:

● Saraya of Abdullah ibn Jahsh killed Al Hedrami in the sacred month of Rajab which

angered the Prophet (SAW) but Allah later forgave them in Quran (2:217,218).

✓ Battle of Badr:

● Took place in the 2nd A.H.

● Quraish sent a major Caravan to Syria headed by Abu Sufyan.

● Muslims tried to intercept it but failed.

● On his way back from Ash Shaam, Abu Sufyan informed the Quraish about the

potential threat from muslims.

● Quraish marched towards Badr with 1000 men to defend their caravan.

● Muslims marched to Badr with 313 men with the intention of taking over the Caravan

only.

● Abu Sufyan managed to flee without letting muslims know about it.

● Abu Jahl arrived at Badr with his army.

● The Prophet (PBUH) asked Allah for help.

● Battle began, Allah sent 1000 angels to help muslims.

● Leaders of Quraish were killed.

● 70 non-muslims were killed and 70 were taken as prisoners.

● A decisive victory for muslims.

✓ Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa:

● A Muslim lady went to a Jewish market where she was stripped. A Muslim man killed

a Jew in anger and other Jews killed that Muslim man.

● The Prophet (PBUH) laid siege on forts of Banu Qaynuqa for 15 days and then Jews

surrendered.

● He (SAW) expelled them from Madina and this was done under the supervision of

Ubaidah bin Samit (RA).

✓ Battle of Uhud:

● Took place in the 3rd A.H.

● Quraish started preparing for another war to take revenge.

● Quraish came marching towards Madina with 3000 men.

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● Muslims decided to fight them outside Medina on the suggestion of most companions.

● 700 muslims left after 300 men of Abdullah ibn Ubay left.

● The Prophet (PBUH) appointed 50 archers on a hill.

● Muslims dominated in the beginning but then tables turned around as those archers

left their place.

● Muslims were sandwiched between non-muslims.

● The Prophet (PBUH) got severely injured, his teeth were broken and he got

unconscious. A rumor spread that the Prophet (PBUH) has passed away.

● 70 muslims got martyred including Hazrat Hamza (RA) and Hazrat Musab ibn Umair

(RA).

✓ Expulsion of Banu Nadir:

● Took place in the 5th A.H. ● The Prophet (SAW) asked for Banu Nadir's help to pay the blood money of two men

who were killed by a companion of the Prophet.

● Instead of Helping, Banu Nadir planned to kill the Prophet.

● Allah revealed their plans.

● The Prophet (PBUH) laid siege around their tribe.

● The Holy Prophet (PBUH) accepted their request not to kill them rather expel them.

● Banu Nadir’s possessions were distributed to Muhajireen and 2 Ansari companions.

✓ Battle of Trench:

● In the 5th A.H, disbelievers (Jews, Quraish, Banu Ghatafan) raised an army of 10,000

men to wage a war against muslims.

● Muslims dug a trench on North of Madina on the suggestion of Hazrat Salman Farsi.

● Banu Qurayza broke their pacts with muslims as they sided with non-muslims and

aided them against the Prophet (SAW) and his army.

● Saad Bin Muadh (RA) got hit by an arrow.

● Muslims broke the coalition between Banu Qurayza and Quraish with the help of

Hazrat Nuaim (RA).

● Allah Sent a severe sandstorm.

● Allah defeated disbelievers and gave victory to muslims.

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✓ Conclusion of Banu Qurayza:

● Jibrael (AS) asked the Prophet (SAW) to go after Banu Qurayza on Allah's command.

● The Prophet (PBUH) laid siege around Banu Qurayza's place for more than 20 days.

● Saad Bin Muadh (RA) commanded to kill all their men and to take their children and

women as prisoners.

● After this incident Hazrat Saad bin Muadh (RA) passed away.

✓ Treaty of Hudaibiya:

● In the 6th year of Hijra, the Prophet (PBUH) had a dream where he and his companions

performed Umrah and shaved their heads.

● The Prophet (SAW) began his journey to Makkah with 700 companions.

● The Quraish pledged to not allow muslims to enter Makkah.

● Negotiations kept happening between Quraish and muslims about performing Umrah

or drawing a treaty between the two parties.

● Rumour spread amongst Muslim that Hazrat Uthman has been martyred.

● Pledge of Rizwan took place according to which no Muslim would flee from the

battleground until they had taken revenge for Hazrat Uthman's martyrdom.

● Treaty was drawn between Suhail ibn Amr (RA) and the Prophet (SAW).

● The terms of the treaty:

1. There will be no war for the next 10 years.

2. If a Muslim from Makkah goes to Holy Prophet, He (SAW) is bound to return

him back but if someone from muslims come to Quraish, then they are not

bound to return them (Story of Abu Jandal).

3. Any tribe can form allies with Muhammad (SAW) and Quraish. Banu Khuza'a

immediately said: we are an ally of Muhammad (SAW). On the contrary, Banu

Bakr said: We are an ally of the Quraish.

4. The Holy Prophet and his companions won’t enter Makkah this year, they will

rather come next year, stay for three days, perform Umrah and go back to

Medina and their swords will remain inside its sheath.

● Allah called this treaty a victory in Quran (48:1).

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✓ Khyber Expedition:

● The Prophet (PBUH) marched towards Khyber at the start of the 7th year after Hijra

with 1400 men and 200 horses.

● People of Khyber and muslims had intense battles.

● Syedna Ali (RA) killed Marhab and conquered his fortress.

● The Prophet (SAW) deported Jews from Khyber on their request and took over their

land, forts, gold, treasures etc and distributed it amongst Muslims.

✓ Umrah:

● In the 7th year of Hijra, the Prophet (PBUH) went to Makkah for 3 days with his

companions and performed Umrah.

✓ Battle of Mutah:

● Took Place in the 8th A.H.

● Prophet’s messenger Harith Ibn Umair was killed near Basra.

● The Holy Prophet sent an army of 3,000 to take revenge.

● Syedna Zaid Ibn Haritha, Jafar ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Rawaha got martyred.

● Leadership was taken by Syedna Khalid Ibn Walid who was given the title of Saifullah

(Sword of Allah) who successfully managed to bring Muslim troops back to Madina.

✓ Message to Foreign Kings:

● The Prophet (PBUH) sent letters to the Roman emperor, Persian Emperor, Ruler of

Egypt, Ethiopian Emperor, Governor of Yamama, Governor of Damascus and Kings of

Oman.

● Remember the details of the meeting between the Roman Emperor and Abu Sufyan.

✓ Conquest of Makkah:

● In the 8th A.H, Quraish broke the treaty of Hudaibiya when they aided Banu Bakr in

killing people of Banu Khuza'a.

● The Prophet (SAW) was enraged and decided to march to Makkah but the plan was

kept secret.

● Prophet (PBUH) raised an army of 10,000 men and marched to Makkah.

● All companions lit fire in front of their tents on the outskirts of Makkah.

● Abu Sufyan accepted Islam on Hazrat Abbas' request.

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● Prophet (SAW) entered Makkah while reciting Surah Fatah. ● Prophet (SAW) didn't want any bloodshed in Makkah, therefore he commanded his

troops to avoid fighting until absolutely necessary (as in the case of Hazrat Khalid's

troops against members of Banu Bakr).

● He (SAW) entered Kaabah with Hazrat Bilal and 2 other companions. He (SAW) offered

prayer there and Hazrat Bilal gave Azaan from the rooftop of Kaabah.

● He (SAW) stayed there for 19 days and laid down rules for the people living in Makkah

so an Islamic system could progress there.

● The Prophet (SAW) forgave everyone and set them free.

✓ Battle of Hunain:

● After Conquest of Makkah, many tribes accepted Islam but Hawazin and Thaqif did

not.

● The Prophet (SAW) marched towards the Hawazin tribe with 12,000 men in 8th A.H.

● Malik ibn Awf was the leader of Hawazin and he persuaded everyone in his army to

bring their families and cattle along with them so that no one flees from the battle

ground.

● The Prophet (PBUH) borrowed weapons and around 100 armours from Safwan ibn

Ummayah.

● Muslims were taken by surprise and started to flee the battlefield.

● Around 100 people came back to aid the Prophet.

● The Holy Prophet threw pebbles which put fear in the hearts of disbelievers and they

began to retreat.

● The Holy Prophet collected a lot of war booty from the Battle of Hunain; 6,000

prisoners, 24,000 camels, 40,000 goats and a lot of silver.

✓ Siege of Taif:

● The Prophet (SAW) mobilized his army again and followed the enemy to At Taif in 8th

A.H.

● Tufail Ibn Amr and his men brought a catapult to the Holy Prophet which was used to

destroy the fortresses of the people of Taif.

● The Holy Prophet laid a strict siege on Taif.

● The Prophet (SAW) couldn’t see a way of winning so he decided to lift the siege and

returned to the place where he had kept the war booty.

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● Few days after the booty was divided, people of Hawazin and Thaqif came and

accepted Islam.

✓ Tabuk Expedition:

● Also known as the Battle of Difficulties. Took place in 9th A.H.

● The Roman emperor sent an army of 40,000 to invade Medina.

● The Prophet (PBUH) decided to stop them at the border of Arabia.

● Many companions greatly donated in the cause of Allah (Hazrat Uthman, Hazrat Abdur

Rehman, Hazrat Abu Bakr etc )

● Allah tested the Muslims with hunger and thirst.

● The Prophet (SAW) reached Tabuk first and waited for the Romans for 10 days and

nights.

● Allah put fear in the hearts of the Romans therefore they retreated and ran away.

● A great victory for muslims as one of the mightiest superpower of the time had

retreated and didn't fight against Muslims.

✓ Year of delegations:

● In the 9th year after Hijra, Hazrat Abu Bakr was sent as a head of group of muslims to

go and perform the first Hajj in Islam.

● 9th year A.H was called the year of Delegations as many tribes accepted Islam.

✓ Farewell Pilgrimage:

● In the 10th year A.H, Prophet (PBUH) announced he will be going for Hajj.

● People flooded into Madina to go to Hajj with the Prophet.

● The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged his companions to offer Hajj Tamattu as it was the

most blessed form of Hajj.

● He (SAW) delivered a sermon on the day of Arafah and Sacrifice (Remember the key

points from the sermon): 1. Your blood and wealth are sacred to each other as this day is sacred in this

month and in this city and everything of the age of ignorance has been placed

under my feet.

2. Riba (Usury) has been abolished.

3. Fear Allah in the matter of women, for you have taken them by Allah's

permission, and you have made them lawful by Allah's word. They have a right

over you that their food and their clothing are your responsibility.

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4. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab and a non-Arab has no superiority

over an Arab. A white man has no superiority over a black man and a black

man has no superiority over a white man.

5. I leave among you something that if you hold fast to it, you will never go

astray and that is the book of Allah and my Sunnah.

✓ Final days of the Prophet (PBUH):

● When the Prophet (PBUH) arrived back home, the illness of his death began.

● He (SAW) offered the funeral prayer of martyrs of Uhud after 8 years of the battle and

delivered a sermon to warn his companions for the future.

● He (SAW) went to Al Baqi and told his servant Abu Muwahiba about him choosing to

meet his Lord.

● He (SAW) got really ill; he ordered Hazrat Abu Bakr to lead the prayers.

● Syedah Aisha used to recite the last three verses of Quran and blow them on the

hands of the Prophet and then rub them over his body.

● He (SAW) passed away on Monday in the month of Rabi ul Awwal in 11 A.H in the

house of Aisha (RA) and he was buried there too.

● He (SAW) was given Ghusl by his family members.

● Hazrat Umar couldn’t believe the news.

● Hazrat Abu Bakr gave a sermon to satisfy the muslims.

● Muslims then chose Hazrat Abu Bakr as their first Caliph through Ijma.

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☆ Character of Prophet (PBUH)

● Was given the title of Al-Sadiq & Al-Amin (Truthful & Trustworthy).

● Was most trustworthy (Al-Amin) as even after the call to Prophethood, He (SAW)

returned everyone’s valuables through Hazrat Ali when He (SAW) migrated to Medina.

● He (SAW) was so honest (Al-Sadiq) that when Heraclius questioned Abu Sufyan about

him, despite being the Prophet's bitter enemy he could not help but praise him.

● He (SAW) was most kind and helpful. After the battle of Khyber, He (SAW) gained

wealth but he never gave Zakat as he donated all his money and did not keep anything

to himself.

● He was generous as at the time of his death, he only had 7 dinars at home which he

asked to donate.

● The Prophet (PBUH) was most merciful as he forgave his enemies (people of Taif,

people of Makkah and others).

● Abdullah Ibn Ubay was Prophet (PBUH) worst enemy but Prophet (PBUH) still offered

his funeral despite Hazrat Umar asking him not to. This shows how humble He (SAW)

was.

● Allah Made the Prophet (SAW) mercy for all the worlds.

✓ Prophet (PBUH) behavior with non-muslims:

● He (SAW) was kind to everyone no matter which community they belonged to.

● He (SAW) treated everyone with utmost respect and dignity.

● The Prophet (PBUH) never raised a sword against any enemy until it was absolutely

necessary for the sake of Allah's religion.

● Even the Prophet's most bitter enemies could not help but praise him.

● He (SAW) always propagated religion with wisdom and invited people to Islam with

love and kindness.

● The Prophet (PBUH) expelled Banu Qaynuqa only after they had killed a muslim,

otherwise Prophet (PBUH) had no problem with them.

● Banu Nadir was expelled in 5 A.H because they planned to kill the messenger of Allah

after he asked them to help him pay the blood money of a man who was killed by a

companion of the Prophet (PBUH). He (SAW) could have waged war against them and

killed them but he accepted their request to expel them.

● Banu Qurayza's men were killed because they betrayed Muslims during the battle of

Trench. That's the time when Muslims needed their help the most, the least they

could have done was to stay neutral but they did not, Hence they had to pay a big

price for breaking the pact with Allah's messenger.

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✓ Seal of the Prophet (PBUH):

● Khatam an Nabiyyin or Seal of the Prophets is a title used by the Quran to designate

the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

● It means Prophet (PBUH) is the last in a series of Prophets who were chosen by Allah

to deliver the divine message of Islam.

● Allah says in Quran: “Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he

is] the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things,

Knowing.” (33:40)

● The Prophet (PBUH) had sons but they died in infancy because if they grew up then

they would have become Prophets too but that couldn’t happen as the Prophet

(PBUH) is the last messenger of Allah.

● Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: “I

have been given superiority over the other prophets in six respects: I have been given

words which are concise but comprehensive in meaning; I have been helped by terror

(in the hearts of enemies): spoils have been made lawful to me: the earth has been

made for me clean and a place of worship; I have been sent to all mankind and the

line of prophets is closed with me.” (Sahih Muslim:1167).

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☆ First Islamic Community (Important ones only)

✓ Ten Blessed and most prominent companions (important ones only):

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA): ● He belonged to the tribe of Banu Taym

● Second man to accept Islam.

● Brought pillars like Hazrat Saad, Uthman, Zubair, Abdur Rehman & Talha to Islam.

● Always stood firm and had complete faith in Allah (SWT) and his messenger.

● He (RA) was given the title of As-Siddiq for testifying the truth at the time of Al Isra

Wal Mairaj.

● He (RA) protected the Prophet (PBUH) many times and even got beaten as a result.

● He (RA) accompanied the Prophet (SAW) on his journey to Madina.

● Stayed with the Prophet (PBUH) in the cave of Thawr for three days and Allah

mentioned this incident in Surah Taubah.

● He (RA) participated in all battles during the lifetime of the Prophet.

● Gave away most of his wealth at the time of Tabuk.

● Became the first Caliph in Islam and compiled Quran in his caliphate.

● Died 2 years after the Prophet and was buried next to the Prophet (PBUH).

2. Hazrat Umar (RA):

● Worked as a shepherd for his father.

● Was a staunch enemy of Islam and persecuted his relatives who had embraced Islam.

● Was a wrestler.

● Was feared by everyone because of his might and power.

● Became the leader of his tribe Banu Adi during the life of his father because of his

speaking skills and might.

● Accepted Islam in the 6th year of Prophet hood (tell about the main events): ● Decided to Kill the Prophet (PBUH).

● A companions named Nuaim (RA) told him about the Islam of his sister and brother in

law.

● Hazrat Umar went to her house. He (RA) hit his brother-in-law Saeed Bin Zaid.

● He stopped when he saw his sister was bleeding. He read verses of Surah Taha.

● Went to Dar ul Arqam and accepted Islam at the hands of Prophet (PBUH).

● He (RA) migrated to Medina without any fear.

● He (RA) participated in all major battles.

● He donated nearly half his wealth at the time of the Battle of Tabuk.

● During Hazrat Abu Bakr's caliphate, he was the one who suggested compiling the

Quran in a book form.

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● Became the 2nd caliph in Islam.

● Was given the title of Farooq (distinguisher between right and wrong).

● Write a few points about his achievements as a caliph (but focus more on his life

during the life of the Prophet).

3. Hazrat Uthman (RA):

● Born in the tribe of Banu Ummayah.

● Grew up to be a very shy, generous and modest man.

● Was very wealthy.

● Accepted Islam on his friend Abu Bakr (RA) invitation.

● Married Syedah Ruqayya, the daughter of the Prophet (PBUH).

● Was one of the few companions who migrated to both Abyssinia and Medina.

● Couldn’t participate in battle of Badr because his wife was sick but Prophet (PBUH)

still considered him a badri companion and gave him his share from war booty.

● He married the Prophet's other daughter Umm Kulthum after the death of his first

wife.

● Was given the title of Dhun-Norain.

● He bought a well of sweet water for muslims in Medina.

● He bought land to expand the Prophet's mosque.

● Donated 1000 dinars and camels at the time of battle of Tabuk.

● He (RA) became the 3rd caliph in Islam and asked Hazrat Zaid (RA) to compile Quran in

the dialect of Quraish.

● Was martyred by rebels in the 12th year of his caliphate.

4. Hazrat Ali (RA):

● Born in Makkah almost 30 years after the Prophet.

● At the age of five or six, he moved in with the Prophet (SAW) and then He (SAW) took

care of him as his child.

● He (RA) was the first man to accept Islam.

● He (RA) remained in the bed of the Holy Prophet when the Prophet (PBUH) migrated

to Medina.

● Participated in the battle of Badr and killed nearly 30 men alone.

● Married Hazrat Fatima, the most beloved daughter of the Prophet (PBUH) in 2 years

A.H.

● Participated in all major battles except the battle of Tabuk.

● Killed Amr ibn Abdul wud in battle of Trench.

● Was the one who Killed Marhab and conquered the most difficult fortress in Khyber.

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● Given the title of Abu Turab (Father of dirt) by the Prophet (PBUH).

● He (RA) and other family members of the Prophet gave ghusl to the Prophet's body.

● He (RA) became the 4th caliph in Islam.

● Martyred in the 40th year A.H by Ibn Muljim.

✓ Most Prominent Companions:

1. Hazrat Bilal (RA):

● Was an Abyssinian slave of Ummayah Bin Khalaf.

● He (RA) embraced Islam because Islam gave him hope.

● He (RA) was severely persecuted and tortured by Ummayah Bin Khalaf but he did not

renounce Islam. His slogan ‘Ahad un Ahad’ (He is one, he is one) was so beloved to

Allah and his messenger that this became the official slogan of muslims in the battle of

Badr.

● Write about his persecution in detail.

● Abu Bakr (RA) bought him and freed him.

● He (RA) migrated to Medina.

● Was the first man In Islam to give Adhan.

● He (RA) participated in many major battles like Battle of Badr and Conquest of

Makkah.

● At the time of the Conquest of Makkah, he (RA) climbed to the top of Kaaba and gave

Adhan.

● He (RA) passed away in 20th year of Hijra in Damascus.

2. Hazrat Hamza (RA):

● Was the uncle of the Prophet (PBUH).

● Was a hunter.

● Brought Islam because of Abu Jahl's action towards his nephew (Prophet).

● Allah strengthened Islam and muslims through him.

● Quraish feared him.

● Publicly announced his migration to Medina.

● Was the chief of Muslim army in battle of Badr and Battle of Uhud.

● Got martyred by Wahshi in the battle of Uhud.

● Was given the title of Asadullah (Lion of Allah) and Sayyid Ush-Shuhada (Leaders of

Martyrs).

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✓ Daughters of the Holy Prophet (PBUH):

1. Hazrat Fatima: ● Youngest daughter of the Prophet (PBUH).

● Protected her father at a very young age against the cruel men of Quraish.

● Married Hazrat Ali in the 2nd A.H.

● Had 3 kids with Hazrat Ali.

● The lineage of the Prophet (PBUH) went ahead from her sons (Hassan And Hussain).

● The Prophet (PBUH) loved her kids like his own.

● She washed the Prophet's mouth and treated his injury at the time of battle of Uhud.

● Performed Hajj with the Prophet in 10 A.H.

● Couldn’t bear the pain of losing her father.

● Passed away 6 months after the Prophet (PBUH).

● Was given the title of ‘Zahra'(the shining one).

2. Hazrat Zainab:

● Eldest daughter of the Prophet.

● Married to Abul Aas.

● Couldn’t migrate to Medina with the Prophet as her husband was a non-muslim.

● Her husband fought against the Muslims in the battle of Badr.

● She (RA) sent her mother, Khadijah's necklace for his ransom.

● The Prophet (PBUH) returned the necklace and released Abul Aas on the condition

that he would send Zainab to Madina, which he did.

● Her husband came to Medina 3 years later and accepted Islam.

● She died in 8 A.H.

✓ Grandson of the Holy Prophet (PBUH):

1. Hazrat Imam Hussain (RA):

● Son of Syedna Ali and Syedah Fatima (RA).

● Immensely loved by the Prophet (SAW).

● The Prophet (PBUH) called him his flower.

● The Prophet (PBUH) prayed to Allah to love those who love Hussain and hate those

who hate Hussain.

● Stood up against the unfair succession of Yazid bin Muawiya.

● Went to Kufa on the request of its people.

● Betrayed by the people of Kufa.

● Left stranded in the land of Karbala.

● Water was banned on Imam Hussain's group by Ubaidullah bin Ziyad’s Army on 7th

Muharram.

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● Was martyred on 10th Muharram 61 A.H along with his family and companions.

● It is narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah ibn' Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him)

that he said: I saw the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in a

dream in the afternoon. His hair is scattered and dusty and you have a bottle of blood

in your hand. I said: O Messenger of Allah! My parents sacrifice for you, what is this?

He (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: This is the blood of Hussain and

his companions, which I am collecting today. When we calculated the day, it was the

same day on which Hussain (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred. (Musnad

Ahmed:12423).

✓ Wives of the Holy Prophet (PBUH):

1. Hazrat Khadijah (RA):

● Married Prophet (PBUH) at the age of 40.

● Was a businesswoman who used to hire men who would do trading for her.

● She hired the Prophet (SAW) to do business for her. She was so impressed by his

personality that she decided to marry him.

● They had 6 children together: Zainab, Ruqayya, Kulthum, Fatima, Qasim, Abdullah.

● She supported the Prophet's mission and financed it.

● She was the Prophet's support system who comforted him in the most difficult of

times.

● Abdullah b. Ja`far reported that he heard `Ali say in Kufa that Allah's Messenger ( صلی

وسلم علیہ اللہ ) said: The best of the women of her time was Mary, daughter of `Imran,

and the best of the women of her time was Khadija, daughter of Khuwailid. Abu

Kuraib said that Waki` pointed towards the sky and the earth. (Sahih Muslim:6271)

● Abu Huraira reported that Gabriel came to Allah's Apostle ( وسلمعلیہ اللہ صلی ) and said:

Allah's Messenger, lo. Khadija is coming to you with a vessel of seasoned food or

drink. When she comes to you, offer her greetings from her Lord, the Exalted and

Glorious, and on my behalf and give her glad tidings of a palace of jewels in Paradise

wherein there is no noise and no toil. This hadith has been narrated on the authority

of Abu Huraira through another chain of transmitters with a slight variation of

wording. (Sahih Muslim:6273)

● A'isha reported: Never did I feel jealous of the wives of Allah's Apostle ( علیہ اللہ صلی

but in case of Khadija, although I did no, (have the privilege to) see her. She ( وسلم

further added that whenever Allah's Messenger ( وسلمعلیہ اللہ صلی ) slaughtered a

sheep, he said: Send it to the companions of Khadija I annoyed him one day and said:

(It is) Khadija only who always prevails upon your mind. Thereupon Allah's Messenger

( وسلمعلیہ اللہ صلی ) said: Her love had been nurtured in my heart by Allah Himself.

(Sahih Muslim:6278)

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2. Hazrat Ayesha (RA):

● She married the Prophet (PBUH) at a very young age.

● She was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr.

● She was the beloved wife of the Prophet after Syedah Khadijah.

● She has narrated over 2,000 Ahadith on matters related to household problems and

daily life affairs of the Prophet (PBUH).

● She was one of the most learned companions of the Prophet (PBUH).

● The Prophet (PBUH) spent the last days of his life in Syedah Ayesha's house.

● The Prophet (PBUH) passed away in her lap and was buried in her house.

● She taught others about Islam after the death of Prophet (PBUH).

3. Hazrat Hafsa (RA):

● Daughter of Hazrat Umar (RA).

● Was married to Hazrat Khunis bin Hudhaifa who was martyred in Battle of Badr.

● The Prophet married her after that.

● She had the first copy of the Quran with herself which was known as ‘Mashaf e Hafsa'.

● She gave it to Hazrat Uthman during his caliphate to make copies of the Quran

according to Quraish's dialect.

● Syedah Hafsa was a learned lady and very close to Syedah Aisha.

● She (RA) died in 45 A.H and was buried in Jannat Al-Baqi.

4. Hazrat Sawdah (RA):

● The Prophet (PBUH) was heartbroken after the demise of Syedah Khadijah.

● She was a widow, her husband Sakran bin amr and she migrated to Abysinnia but her

husband died there.

● Companions asked him to marry Hazrat Sawdah as she was a widow, one of the

earliest converts to Islam, who could look after the children of Prophet (PBUH) and

attend to household chores and be devoted to Prophet's mission.

● The Prophet (PBUH) agreed and married her.

● The Prophet (PBUH) loved her for her piety as well as simplicity.

● She was one of the most charitable and generous amongst the Prophet’s wives.

● Hazrat Sawdah also looked after Syedah Aisha after her marriage to the Prophet

(PBUH).

● She gave up her turn to be with the Prophet (SAW) in favor of Syedah Ayesha.

● She was devoted to Messenger of Allah and Islam and was very punctual about her

prayers.

● She died in 22 A.H and was buried in Jannat Al-Baqi.

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