Slide Slide 11Last minute GCSE geography revision @ KGGS

Coast

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Preparation before starting this Revision unit you need to have:-•Sorted you theory notes and produced a contents page•Have your case studies completed

IntroductionThis unit is to give you 40 minutes of Geography Revision on the Settlement topic. Work through the tasks and stick to the timings. You could work through this unit more than once

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You may begin….. Record down your start time

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The coast as a resource

1. The coast can be seen as a multi use resource. What does this mean?

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Coastal weathering and erosionWeathering is the breakdown of rocks in situ.Erosion is the breakdown of rock and then this rock being carried away (in this case by the sea or gravity)They are happening at the same time.

1.Mechanical weathering (also called physical weathering) is the breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition. Freeze thaw is one such type of mechanical weathering. Explain this process2.Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition. Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering. Explain this process.3.Biological weathering is when the roots of vegetation and burrowing animals breakdown rock. Explain how this happens

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freeze thaw animation - double CLICK!

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4. What are the four ways in which waves erode?

check your answers here!

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Destructive Waves

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5. Describe a destructive wave

6. What two main factors determine the size of destructive waves?

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Cliff retreat and wave cut platforms7. Draw a series of simple diagrams to explain how cliffs are eroded and retreat and ultimately form wave cut platforms

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Headlands and bays

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headlands and bays animation

8. How are headlands and bays formed?

9. How is a headland eroded to form caves, arches, stacks and stumps

arch, cave, stack and stump

Watch the clips below

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Constructive waves

10. Describe a constructive wave

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LSD - Double CLICK

Transportation

11. Describe how material is moved along the beach

12. Why are constructive waves involved in deposition?

13. How are beaches formed?

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Spits and barsspit formation

14. Fill in the gaps.

Spits form at sharp bends in the coastline, for example a ___________. Long shore ________ transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it in the sea. Strong winds and ________ can curve the end of the spit. The sheltered area behind the spit is protected from waves and lots of material accumulates – this means plants can ______ here. Over time the sheltered area becomes a mud flat or _______ marsh.

When a spit joins to headlands together a ________ is formed. Behind this a lagoon forms. A bar that connects the shore to an island is called a ___________.

Drift Bar Tombolo Grow River mouth Salt Waves

Use these words to help you

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The Dorset Coast

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15. How are these formed?

Durdle Door

Swanage bay and Studland bay. Including old harry

Lulworth Cove

Chesil beach

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Coastal management

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Coastal areas are at risk from erosion and flooding.

16. What are the reasons for protecting coastlines?

Social

Economic

Environmental

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Coastal management strategies

17. What is the difference between hard and soft engineering?

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18. What two types of hard engineering are shown in the picture?

19. How do they work?

20. Name two other hard engineering techniques

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Coastal management strategies

21. What is shown in the picture below?

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22. How do groynes work?

23. What is the major disadvantage of groynes?

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Coastal management strategies

24. This is a type soft engineering. What is it and how does it work?

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25. What is managed retreat?

26. How would sand dune regeneration reduce the risk of flooding and erosion?

27.Generally hard engineering methods are less sustainable than soft – why?

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Coastal management – Holderness

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1.8 metres of land is lost each year. Homes and businesses are at risk. The gas terminal at Easington is now just 25 metres from the cliff edge. 80,000 m2 of farmland is lost each year.

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Coastal management – Holderness

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28. 11.4km of the Holderness coast is being protected by hard engineering.

Describe the methods used. Make sure you know specific facts and figures.

29. For what reasons have many criticised the hard engineering schemes at Holderness.