K THUT QUANG PH

K THUT QUANG PH BMCNTP HBK TPHCMNGUYN LDa trn nhng bin i gy ra bi s tng tc gia bc x vi vt cht

BMCNTP HBK TPHCM BC X IN TBc x in t: l dng nng lng truyn i trong khng gianBc x in t c bn cht sng v htBMCNTP HBK TPHCMBC X IN TBn cht sng: Bc sng, chu k, tn s, s sng, vn tc truyn sng, s giao thoa

Bn cht ht: c trng bi cc quang t (photon) mang nng lng

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMBC X IN TCc i lng c trngCc i lngPhng trnhn vBc sng, nmS sng, = 1/ cm-1Tn s, = c/ Hz hay s-1Nng lng, EE = h = h.c/ J hoc KcalBMCNTP HBK TPHCMNNG LNG CA VT CHTNng lng ca vt cht:E = Et + Ed + EqEt: nng lng in tEd: nng lng sinh ra do giao ng tng tc gia cc nguyn tEq: nng lng do s quay ca phn t xung quanh trng tm ca nBMCNTP HBK TPHCMPhn vng bc x in t: BMCNTP HBK TPHCM

10Mm30HzBc sngTn sBC X IN TNguyn t hay phn t mc nng lng thp, b kch thch bi bc x c mc nng lng ph hp, c th thu nng lng, nhy ln mc cao hn

Bc x t ngoi v kh kin c kh nng di chuyn in t t mc c bn ln mc nng lng caoBc x hng ngoi gy nn s dch chuyn mc nng lng dao dng ca cc nguyn t

Bc x c mc nng lng thp hn gy nn s dch chuyn mc nng lng quay ca phn t Bc x tng tc ln vt chtBMCNTP HBK TPHCM

S hp th v pht bc xBMCNTP HBK TPHCMK THUT QUANG PHKhi bc x tng tc vi vt cht th bin thin nng lng l 1 i lng c th o c hoc l tn hiu c th ghi cBMCNTP HBK TPHCMBc xVt chtoKQGhi tn hiuK THUT QUANG PHTh hin: 1. S hp thu: vt cht s gi li 1 cch chn lc nng lng ca mt s bc x

2. Ph hp thu: kt qu ca s hp thu l lm cho nng lng ca bc x b gim , c s thay i tnh cht sng ca bc x (xut hin vch ti tng ng vi bc sng b hp thu trn quang ph vch) hoc th hin ng biu din s gim nng lng ca bc x

3. S pht x: Vt cht hp thu nng lng, chuyn ln mc nng lng cao, trang thi kch thch khng bn, c xu hng quay v trng thi bn, khi n pht ra bc x (s pht hunh quang, s pht ln quang) BMCNTP HBK TPHCMNguyn l hot ng ca mt s my phn tch quang ph

Quang ph T ngoi kh kin (UV-Vis): nhng cu t trong mu c kh nng hp thu chn lc bc x vng t ngoi v kh kin, to mi hp thu c trng

Quang ph pht x hunh quang: khi hp thu nng lng t bc x, phn t pht x mt phn nng lng hp thu

Quang ph hng ngoi (IR): Phn t cht hu c hp thu nng lng bc x trong vng hng ngoi, s hp thu ny xy ra khi lng t c tn s dao ng bng vi tn s dao ng t nhin trong phn t

Quang ph hp thu nguyn t (AAS): 1 nhit nht nh, mt m hi c kh nng pht x bc sng no th cng c kh nng hp thu bc sng .BMCNTP HBK TPHCMK THUT QUANG PHCc b phn chnh trong my o quang:Ngun bc xB phn to nh sng n scMuB phn nhn kt quMy o (my ghi)BMCNTP HBK TPHCM

S my o quang

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMNgun bc x:Ngun bc x lin tc: Pht ra quang ph lin tc + n t ngoi: Hydrogen, deuterium cha kh H2, He, pht ra bc x = 180-375nm + n kh kin: t nng dy Wolfram pht ra bc x vng kh kin = 320-2500nm + n hng ngoi: di in th thch hp, dng in chy qua dy Ni Cr pht ra bc x hng ngoi > 750nm

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMCC B PHN CHNH CA MY O QUANGNgun bc x:Ngun bc x khng lin tc: pht ra bc x c di sng nht nh + n cathode lm: cathode lm bng kim loi tinh khit (Pb, Cu, Fe), anode bng dy Wolfram, khi dng in i qua, kim loi cathode b cation kh y ra to m my nguyn t, pht ra bc x c trng

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMCC B PHN CHNH CA MY O QUANGB phn to bc x n sc: + Knh lc + Monochromator: thit b quang c b phn tn sc c kh nng tch sng

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMCC B PHN CHNH CA MY O QUANGB phn cha mu: Cuvet trong sut:Thu tinhNhaThch anh. My o v my ghi: Tn hiu nhn c c khuch i v ghi di dng ng biu din hoc o trn my o. BMCNTP HBK TPHCMCC B PHN CHNH CA MY O QUANGSL1JL2FCPS1S2LFCU TO V HOT NG CA MY QUANG PH LNG KNH ng chun trcBung nh Lng knh Quang ph ca ngun JBMCNTP HBK TPHCM19CJLL1L2FSPQUANG PH VCH PHT X Quang ph vch pht x

NaH2BMCNTP HBK TPHCM20

C

JLL1L2FSP

QUANG PH VCH HP THU Quang ph lin tc Quang ph vch hp thn hi Na Quang ph vch pht xn hi H2 Hin tng o scBMCNTP HBK TPHCM21

C

JJLL1L2FSP

QUANG PH LIN TCQuang ph lin tcBMCNTP HBK TPHCM22u im ca phng php quang phPhm vi ng dng rngC nhy cao, c th xc nh c cc cht c hm lng rt nh (dng vt)Thao tc tng i n gin, tin hnh nhanh chngC th tin hnh nh lng 1 cht khi c mt cht khc bng cch s dng mu i chng v dung dch chunBMCNTP HBK TPHCMNhc im ca phng php quang phThit b c cu to phc tp, t tin, d hng

H thng quang i hi n nh cao nn khng th tin hnh phn tch ti hin trng

Cc thit b quang u cn c bo qun iu kin kh nghim ngt: trnh m, nhit n nhBMCNTP HBK TPHCMQUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis)S dng bc x t min t ngoi xa (185nm) n min hng ngoi (1100nm)Cc bc x t ngoi thng c: = 200 400nm

Vng t ngoi chn khng xaT ngoi trung bnh gnVng kh kinE 200286 145 40095 72800 nm36BMCNTP HBK TPHCMQUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis) Thit b phn tch hot ng trn c s xc nh hm lng cu t theo cng hp thu bc x vng t ngoi v kh kin:

My quang ph so mu (Colorimeter)

My quang ph hp thu t ngoi kh kin (UV-vis Spectrophotometer)BMCNTP HBK TPHCMQUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis)Phng php c dng phn tch mu dng:

+ Nguyn t kh

+ Ion hay phn t trong dung dchBMCNTP HBK TPHCMQUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis)BMCNTP HBK TPHCM

I0IRITIAQUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis)Cng hp thu:+ truyn sut :

T=IT/I0 hay T(%) = IT/I0.100

+ hp thu: A = lg (1/T) = lg (I0/IT)BMCNTP HBK TPHCM hp thu ca dung dch t l thun vi chiu dy l ca lp dung dch v t l thun vi nng C ca dung dchA = k.l.CKhi: l = 1cm C = 1 mol/L th A = l h s hp thu phn t (L.mol-1.cm-1) cn gi l h s tt phn t. Ti mi bc sng, mt cht c h s hp thu phn t khc nhau c xc nh bng thc nghimnh lut Lambert BeerBMCNTP HBK TPHCMTnh cht ca nh lut Lambert BeerBMCNTP HBK TPHCMA = e lC = el1C +el2C + + elnC = eCni=1 li

A = e lC = elC1 +elC2 + + elCn = elni=1 CiA = e lC = e1lC1 +e2lC2 + + enlCn = l.ni=1 ei CiThay i chiu dy cuvet tng hoc gim hp ph quangThay i nng cht mu (thm cht mu) hoc pha long dung dchGii bi ton phn tch nhiu cht mu trong dung dchTnh cng tnh: QUANG PH T NGOI V KH KIN (UV-Vis)Quang ph so muQuy lut nhn bit mu sc: Mu sc t n khng phi l tnh cht ca nh sng, m nhn thc v mu sc xy ra qua phn ng kt hp ca h cm gic dy thn kinh no mt ngi. nh sng trng l tng hp cc bc x vng thy c (t 400-780nm)Dung dch hp thu cc bc x vng t ngoi, nh sng trng truyn sut qua nn dung dch khng c muMu ca vt rn l mu do s phn x ca nh sng trng sau khi mt i mt s bc x b vt rn hp thu.Mu ca dung dch l mu ca s truyn sut n mt ca nh sng trng sau khi 1 s bc x b dung dch hp ph

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMMy UV Vis Spetronic Genesys 10

Vng o c: T ngoi kh kinKhong bc sng: 190 - 1100nmGii hn tin cy ca bc sng: 0,2nmKhong gi tr hp thu: 0,3-3AGii hn tin cy ca hp thu: 0,005A gi tr 1ANhit lm vic: 5-40oCMy thuc loi 1 chm tia nhng nhiu cuvetBMCNTP HBK TPHCM

My UV-Vis Spetronic Genesys 10

Trnh t tin hnh phn tch:Tm bc sng: dng cht chun, chn bc sng c hp thu cc i (scan bng chng trnh AURORA SCAN)S dng bc x n sc (bc sng xc nh)Chn cuvet ph hp (cuvet thch anh, thu tinh hoc nha)Loi nh hng ca dung mi, thuc th bng mu trng blank (c x l cng ch vi mu nhng khng cha mu) BMCNTP HBK TPHCMng dng phng php quang ph UV-Visnh lng cc cht di dng ha tan trong dung dch hay 1 cu t mang muXc nh cu trc phn t ca 1 cht do c cc nhm chc hp thu ti nhng bc sng xc nh

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis

o hp thu ti 1 bc sng xc nh: + nh tnh: . Pht hin cu t bng cch so snh hp thu ca mu ti max ca cht chun . Xc nh h s hp thu phn t : ti mi bcsng 1 cht c h s hp thu phn t khc nhau

BMCNTP HBK TPHCMng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis+ nh lng 1 cu t: So snh hp thu ca dung dch mu vi dy dung dch chun Tnh nng da vo h s hp thu phn t: o hp thu ca dung mi, sau o hp thu ca dung dch mu, tnh nng da vo h s hp thu phn t Tnh nng theo cht chun: o hp thu ca dung dch chun v mu cng 1 iu kinBMCNTP HBK TPHCMV do hp thu ca dung mi, sau o hp thu ca dung dch mu, tnh nng da vo h s hp thu phn tUraxin c h s hp thu phn t = 8,2.103M-1cm-1 ti bc sng cc i 260nm. Tnh nng dd uraxin khi o hp thu dd trong cuvet 1cm l 0,65, hp thu ca dung mi l 0,07A= .l.C = (0,65-0,07) =0,58C= 0,58/8,2.103 = 7,1.10-3 M ng dng phng php quang ph UV-VisPhng php ni chun: (Thm cht chun vo mu)+ o hp thu ca muAmu = Cm.l. + Thm 1 lng cht chun xc nh vo dd mu. hp thu ca dd l:Amu+chun = (Cm+Cc).l. Khi :

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-VisPhng php ngoi chun: Lp ng chun

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Visnh lng 2 cu t: trng hp 1

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Visnh lng 2 cu t: trng hp 2

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis+ nh lng 2 cu t trong trng hp 2: Ti mi bc sng mi cht c h s hp thu phn t khc nhau:Cu t X, nng Cx: 1 x1, 2 x2Cu t Y, nng Cy: 1 y1, 2 y2Tng ng, c 2 cc i ti 2 bc sng A1 = x1 lCx + y1 lCy A 2 = x2 lCx + y2 lCy

BMCNTP HBK TPHCM

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis+ o c ca dung dch: mt long, hp thu t l vi mt huyn ph (t l vi c) nh lng cc cht kt ta mn v c hay hu c nh lng sinh khi vi sinh vt trong qu trnh ln menBMCNTP HBK TPHCM

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis+ Theo di ng hc qu trnh phn ng bng phng php chun quang:o hp thu ca dung dch theo thi gian phn ng, tnh c s bin thin hm lng 1 cht tham gia phn ng (hoc sn phm to thnh) BMCNTP HBK TPHCMng dng phng php quang ph UV-Viso hp thu A = f(): Xc nh cu trc phn t ca mt cht do c cc nhm chc hp thu ti nhng bc sng xc nhBMCNTP HBK TPHCM

ng dng phng php quang ph UV-Vis trong cng ngh thc phmSo mu: xc nh lng ng kh, mu ca nguyn liu cng nh bia thnh phm, thnh phn m amin, hm lng polyphenol, hm lng cht ng v diacetyl, d lng thuc bo v thc vt, mu thc phmo c: nh lng protein, nh lng sinh khi vi sinh vt trong qu trnh ln menScan: xc nh thnh phn cha bit bng ph UV-Vis, xc nh d lng cht mu bng HP-LC kt hp UV-VisBMCNTP HBK TPHCMng dng phng php quang ph UV-VisBMCNTP HBK TPHCM

My UV- Vis Shimadzu

BMCNTP HBK TPHCM