kinogadaRebis teqnika - tsu.ge shengelia... · sxvadasxva ideur-xelovnebiTi da Tematuri amocanebis...

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r.n.ilini

kinogadaRebis teqnika

mTargmneli da redaqtori: guri Sengelaia

xaTuna TurmaniZe

winasityvaoba

wignis avtoria cnobili kinoreJisori da operatori, ruseTis

kinoxelovnebis akademiis (yofili sakavSiro saxelmwifo kinemato-

grafiis institutis _ vgikis) Rvawlmosili pedagogi roman ilini.

wigni gankuTvnilia, rogorc pirveli saxelmZRvanelo kinogada-

Rebis teqnikiT dainteresebuli yvela damwyebi pirisTvis, maT Soris

sareJisoro-saoperatoro mimarTulebis swavlebis studentebisTvis.

saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia mxolod tradiciuli (qimiur-

fizikuri) xerxebiT kinematografiuli gamosaxulebis miRebis teqno-

logia. aseve mocemulia mTeli rigi meTodologiuri rekomendaciebi

winaswar dasaxuli mxatvrul_SemoqmedebiTi miznebis misaRwevad, es

ki aris kargi kinofilmi, Tavisi gansakuTrebuli gamomsaxvelobiTi

kuTxiTa da ideur-mxatvruli RirebulebebiT.

wignis mTargmneli da redaqtori gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdian

Tsu-s humanitaruli fakultetis dekans _ qalbaton darejan TvalT-

vaZes wignze muSaobis periodSi gaweuli daxmarebisa da Tanadgomi-

saTvis.

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kinokameriT gadaRebis mTavari xerxebi

mravali weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac kacobriobam xiluli samyaros _

adamianebis, cxovelebis, sxva sulieri Tu usulo sagnebis sibrtyeze gamo-

saxvis saSualebas miagno da Seiswavla.

zedapirze gamosaxvis xelovneba _ ferwera, grafika, Tavisi arse-

bobis ramdenime aTaswleuls iTvlis da saSualebas gvaZlevs, sauku-

neebis Semdeg vixiloT Semoqmedis mier odesRac aRbeWdili suraTebi.

WeSmaritad ganusazRvrelia adamianis SesaZleblobani, gamosaxos

tiloze an qaRaldze im msoflios oreuli, romelic Cvenamde arse-

bobda an irgvliv gvakravs. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom gamosaxvis saSualebani ferwerasa da grafika-

Si profesiul-teqnikuri Cvevebis gamomuSavebas da varjiSs moiTxovs. Tanac

ferweruli namuSevari, rac ar unda srulyofili iyos igi, yovelTvis gad-

mogvcems mxolod statikas, erT garkveul moments realuri samyaros mo-

Zraobisa.

droTa ganmavlobaSi, teqnikuri procesis ganviTarebisAbazaze, gamomu-

Savebuli iqna zedapirze gamosaxulebis miRebis ufro advili saSualeba _

Tavdapirvelad fotografiuli, mogvianebiT _ kinematografiuli. maT arc

Tu ise didi xnis win miagno adamianma: fotografiul xerxs me-19 saukunis

40-ian wlebSi, xolo kinematografiuls _ me-19 da me-20 saukuneebis mijnaze.

Tumca Tavisi arsebobis am mcire periodSi orive saSualeba farTod gavr-

celda da ganviTarebis maRal niSnuls miaRwia.

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom fotografiasac da kinematografiasac erTi

safuZveli aqvs _ gamosaxulebis miReba fotografiuli saSualebiT. Mmasala,

romelzec warmoiqmneba gamosaxuleba, aris SuqmgrZnobiare fotografiuli

fena, firfita an firi. xelsawyod ki, romelic wers, xatavs gamosaxulebas

firis zedapirze an firfitaze, gamoiyeneba optikuri sistema, romelsac

obieqtivi ewodeba. Ees orive xerxi saSualebas gvaZlevs gamosaxuleba mi-

viRoT teqnikuri gziT. amasTan miRebuli gamosaxuleba TiTqmis origina-

lis identuria, radganac obieqtivi qmnis perspeqtiulad zust gamosaxule-

bas, daaxloebiT iseTs, rogorsac xedavs mas Cveni Tvali _ bunebis mier

Seqmnili optikuri xelsawyo.

ekranze moZravi gamosaxulebis miRebis SesaZlebloba, igive kinemato-

grafiuli gamosaxuleba, win gadadgmuli didi nabiji iyo gamosaxulebis

swor zedapirze aRbeWdvis saSualebaTa srulyofis istoriaSi.

gamosaxulebis miRebis kinematografiuli meTodi xorcieldeba kino-

gadamRebi aparatis saSualebiT kinofirze, romelic naxtomisebr moZraobs

kinokameraSi, xolo mis zedapirze xdeba fiqsacia calkeuli fotografi-

uli kadrebisa, romlebic warmoadgenen moZraobis fazebs. TiToeuli kadris

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gadaRebis momentSi, drois umcires monakveTSi, firi ar moZraobs kadridan

kadramde. firis gadaadgilebisas obieqtividan SemoRweuli Suqi ifareba ki-

nokameris saketiT, romelsac obtiuratori ewodeba.

umartivesi saxis kinogadamRebi aparati Sedgeba ramdenime nawilisgan,

romelTa gareSe SeuZlebelia kinematografiuli gamosaxulebis miReba. ese-

nia:

obieqtivi _ romelic xatavs gamosaxulebas firis zedapirze.

e.w. greiferis meqanizmi, romelic uzrunvelyofs firis naxtomisebr

gadaadgilebas.

obtiuratori _ saketi, romelic icavs firs Suqis moqmedebisagan im

momentSi, rodesac xdeba misi gadaadgileba kadridan kadramde.

kinokameris moZraobaSi momyvani meqanizmi _ es SeiZleba iyos eleq-

tro Zrava, mosamarTi zambara an kameraze damagrebuli saxeluri, romel-

sac atrialebs operatori.

firi Tavsdeba Suqgaumtar yuTSi _ aparatis korpusSi, zogjer korpu-

sis gareT myof kasetebSi.

firi, masze gadaRebuli kadrebiT, laboratoriuli damuSavebis da po-

zitiuri gamosaxulebis miRebis Semdeg, ekranze proecirdeba specialuri sa-

proeqcio aparatis saSualebiT, romelic kinogadamReb aparats waagavs.

firis naWeri,masze fiqsirebuli kadrebiT, mxolod ekranze proecirebis

momentSi iqceva filmad, gvaZlevs ra iluzorul moZrav gamosaxulebas. rac

emyareba adamianis Tvalis funqcionalur bunebas (maxsovrobas). ase rom,

ekranze gamosaxulebis iluzoruli moZraoba miiReba kinogadamRebi da ki-

nosaproeqcio aparatebis specifiuri muSaobis Sedegad.

zustad aseve gamoiyureboda kinematografiuli gamosaxulebis miRebis

meTodi misi gamogonebis sawyis etapze. Zalian xanmokle, magram movlene-

biTa da faqtebiT mdidari istoriis ganmavlobaSi,gamogonebuli da damuSa-

vebuli iqna kinematografiis umniSvnelovanesi gamosaxulebrivi principebi,

romlebmac SesaZlebloba misca mas, gardaqmniliyo xalxisTvis sayvarel,

uzarmazari zemoqmedebis Zalis mqone xelovnebad.

Mmainc romeli gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZlebloba ifareba gamosaxulebis

miRebis kinematografiul meTodSi?

upirvelesad is, rom gamosaxuleba ixateba SuqiT, romelic airekleba

ra gadasaRebi obieqtidan, gadis obieqtivSi da aisaxeba SuqmgrZnobiare ma-

salaze, firze.

am xelovnebis mTavari amocana, mag: gadasaRebi obieqtis amorCeva,misi

saTanadod ganaTeba, kompozicia, Tavisi arsiT Zalian axlos dgas ferwe-

rasTan. Tumca aqvs didi gansxvavebac, rac dakavSirebulia kinematografiaSi

moZraobis gadmocemos SesaZleblobasTan.

Ggarda amisa, kinematografiuli gamosaxuleba aRiqmeba ekranze mo-

Zraobis iluziis saxiT. swored amazea dafuZnebuli kinematografiis Ziri-

Tadi Tavisebureba _ ekranze moZraobis gadmocemis meTodi. gadaRebis dros

moZraobaSi SeiZleba iyos TviTon kinoaparati. amasTan, mas aqvs saSuale-

ba, sivrceSi imoZraos sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gadasaRebi obieqtis mi-

marT.

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kinoxelovnebis Camoyalibebis, srulyofisa da ganviTarebis periodSi

sxvadasxva ideur-xelovnebiTi da Tematuri amocanebis gadasaWrelad, Semu-

Savebuli iqna kinematografiis mTavari gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi. ganasx-

vaveben kinematografiuli gamosaxulebis Seqmnis or ZiriTad meTods:

1)Suqsa da kinofirTan (Suqtonaluri) muSaobis meTodi.

2)kinogadamRebi aparatis SesaZleblobebTan (optikur-kinematikuri) mu-

Saobis meTodi.

Kkinematografiuli gamosaxulebis miRebis meTodebi

1.Suqtonaluri meTodi

Suqi kinematografis mTavari gamoxatulebiTi saSulebaa. igi

SuqmgrZnobiare masalaze qmnis ferad an Sav-TeTr gamosaxulebas firis ti-

pis Sesabamisad, romelzec warmoebs gadaReba. operatori SuqiT “xatavs”

kinogamosaxulebas, qmnis firze saWiro fers an Sav-TeTr tons.

Llaboratoriuli damuSavebis Sedegad xdeba negatiuri an Seqcevadi

pozitiuri gamosaxulebis miReba. aseve miiReba negatividan specialur

firze dabeWdvis Semdeg, pozitiuri gamosaxuleba, romelic SemdgomSi

proecirdeba ekranze. bunebaSi arsebuli ganaTebis sxvadasxva momentis Ser-

Cevisas (naturaze gadaRebis dros) an gadasaRebi obieqtis xelovnuri saSu-

alebebiT ganaTebisas operatori xsnis sxvadasxva mxatvrul amocanebs.

adamiani, romelsac surs xelSi aiRos kinogadamRebi aparati, unda

grZnobdes dRis sxvadasxva saaTebSi, sxvadasxva amindSi, weliwadis sxvadasx-

va dros bunebrivi ganaTebis Taviseburebebs.

ganaTebis meSveobiT operators ekranze gadaaqvs ara marto Suqis

efeqtebi, romelic mxatvrul Rirsebas aZlevs gamosaxulebas, aramed gada-

saRebi obieqtebis faqtiuri Tvisebebi, xasiaTi, daniSnuleba, moculobiTi

formebi,ferebi an Sav-TeTri tonaloba.

pirveli planis da fonis ganaTebis intesiurobis, kontrastul-

tonadurobis regulirebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba, gamosaxulebaSi xazi gaesvas

an, piriqiT, daimalos sivrce, obieqtis sxvadasxva detalebis konkretuli

formebi. aseve SesaZlebelia Zlieri zemoqmedeba qoloritze (ferad firze

gadaRebisas) an kadris saerTo tonalobaze.

fotografiisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic xSirad erTi gamosaxulebis

saxiT arsebobs, kinofilmi uamravi gamosaxulebis, kadrebisgan Sedgeba,

romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT ganlagebulni arian garkveuli montaJuri

TanmimdevrobiT. Ees yvelaferi iTxovs saerTo tonalobis dacvas erTi da

igive scenis kadrebSi. Ggamonaklisia SemTxveva, sadac moqmedeba xorciel-

deba drois did periodSi ganaTebis mdgomareobis SecvlasTan erTad.

samontaJo kadrebis Suqtonaluri erToblioba, umetes SemTxvevaSi,

zustad unda isaxebodes kadridan kadrze gadasvlisas. Tanabari unda iyos

ara mxolod Suqis efeqti, aramed saerTo tonaloba da kontrasti. Aami-

tom operatorma mkacri kontroli unda gauwios ganaTebas yvela samonta-

Jo kadris gadaRebisas da gaiTvaliswinos ganaTebis raodenobiTi daxasia-

Teba, kinofiris Tvisebebi, eqsponometriuli mdgomareoba.

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ganaTebis Canafiqri xSirad moicavs Suqis efeqtebs an dinamiur ganaTe-

bas kadrSi, rac moiTxovs gansakuTrebulad zust muSaobas eqsponometrTan.

operatoris gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, ganaTebis sxvadasxva mdgomareobis

danaxvis da damaxsovrebis unari, gadaRebis dros ganaTebis raodenobriv

mniSvnelobebTan muSaobisas daculi sizuste, Zlier gavlenas axdens filmis

Seqmnis bolo rezultatze.

2) kinogamosaxulebis Seqmnis optikur-kinematikuri meTodi

kinogamosaxulebis Seqmnis optikur-kinematikuri meTodi dafuZnebu-

lia kinogadamRebi aparatis Tvisebebsa da SesaZleblobebze. kinogadamRebi

aparatis mxatvruli SesaZleblobebis ucodinroba mas usulo, metalis mo-

wyobilobad aqcevs, romelsac minis Tvali agvirgvinebs. Mmagram kinox-

elovnebis ganviTarebis procesSi aRmoCenili iqna gadaRebis mravali mxat-

vruli SesaZlebloba, romelic sxvadasxva xasiaTis kinoobieqtivebiT aR-

Wurvili kinogadamRebi aparatis saSualebiT xorcieldeba.

ama Tu im kadris dafiqsireba SesaZlebelia saxvadasxva rakursiT. Mmag:

statikuri wertilidan, moZrav mowyobilobaze damagrebuli aparatidan

(moZravi manqanidan, matareblidan), an sulac maSin, rodesac kinokamera

xelT upyria qveiTad mosiarule operators. oRond, yvela SemTxvevaSi, ka-

drebis gadaadgilebis siCqare rogorc konokameraSi, ise kinoproeqtorSi

unda iyos 24 kadri/wamSi, riTac vRebulobT gadaRebuli moZravi obieqtis

bunebrivi moZraobis iluzias. Tumca, SesaZlebelia SevcvaloT gadaRebis

sixSire: SevaneloT an avaCqaroT igi. es gamoiwvevs ekranze aCqarebuli an

Senelebuli moZraobis efeqts. firis erT naWerze SeiZleba gadaviRoT ram-

denjerme, ramdenime gamosaxuleba miviRoT erT kadrze. gadaReba SeiZleba

kameris sxvadasxva siCqariT. rodesac gadaRebis sixSire erT wamSi ekranze

proeqcirebis sixSiris Tanxvedrilia vRebulobT gadaRebuli obieqtebis

bunebrivi moZraobis iluzias. Tumca SesaZlebelia, SevcvaloT gadaRebis

sixSire: SevaneloT an avaCqaroT igi. Ees gamoiwvevs ekranze aCqarebuli an

Senelebuli moZraobis efeqts. Ffiris erT naWerze SeiZleba gadaviRoT

ramdenjerme. miviRoT ramdenime gamosaxuleba erT kadrSi. Kkameris kinema-

tikuri reJimis am Taviseburebebzea damyarebuli kinogadaRebis kombinire-

buli da specialuri saxeobani.

gadaRebisas sxvadasxva fokusurmanZiliani obieqtivebis amorCevisas,

SesaZlebeli xdeba, zemoqmedeba movaxdinoT kinokadris kompoziciaze,

SevcvaloT gamosaxulebis perspeqtiva, moqmedebis tempi, sxvadasxva obieq-

tebis moZraoba ekranze miRebul gamosaxulebaSi. SesaZlebelia foni ga-

moisaxos mkeTrad, naklebad mkveTrad, bundonad. optikis saSualebiT SeiZ-

leba sxvadasxvanairad gadmovceT ekraze kadris sivrce da miviRoT gamo-

saxulebis anabeWdi, romelic akmayofilebs gadaRebis amocanebs.

rogorc am mokle mimoxilvidan Cans, kinoaparats gaaCnia mTeli rigi

SesaZleblobani, romelTa gamoyeneba SeuZlia yvelas, vinc flobs “kinema-

tografiul enas’’, mis SesaZleblobebs.es SesaZleblobani gamoyenebuli iqna

e.w. “kinos enis’’Sedgenisas, romlis mokle mimoxilvasac qvemoT SemogTava-

zebT.

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kinoaparatiT gadaRebis xerxebi

kinoaparati saSualebas gvaZlevs, miviRoT gamosaxuleba ekranze, aR-

viqvaT igi konkretulad da dagvrCes realobis STabeWdileba. Mmagram ara

marto mxedvelobiT aRqmasa da mis arsSi aris kinematografiis Zala. kine-

matografias SeuZlia gadmogvces moZraoba, moqmedebis ganviTareba drois

garkveul monakveTSi. es ki CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan miCveu-

li varT, sxvadasxva cxovrebiseuli procesebi ganviTarebis da drois sxva-

dasxva etapze vixiloT.

kinoaparatiT gadaRebis da ekranze proeqciis meSveobiT, Cven vRebu-

lobT moZraobis sakmaod naTel iluzias. gadaReba da proecireba damyare-

bulia drois garkveul monakveTSi kinofirze sinaTlis zemoqmedebasa da

uamravi Tanmimdevruli, erTmaneTisgan odnav gansxvavebuli kadrebis mo-

Zraobis fazebiT Cvenebaze. moZravi, cvalebadi samyaros ekranze miRebuli

gamosaxuleba ibadeba Cvens gonebaSi, Cveni mxedvelobis aparatis garemos

aRqmis da damaxsovrebis Sesabamisad.

ganvixiloT gadamRebi teqnikis sxvadasxva SesaZleblobani. Mmainc ra

SesaZleblobebia adamianis gankargulebaSi, rodesac mas gaaCnia kinofiriT

aRWurvili kinoaparati?

Ppirveli, rac mas SeuZlia gaakeTos, aris aparatis CarTva. Aam

SemTxvevaSi es ukanaskneli adamianis dauxmareblad gadaiRebs imas, rac

moxvdeba obieqtivis mxedvelobis areSi, Tu ganaTebis parametrebi Seesaba-

meba firis SuqmgrZnobelobas. obieqtivi gaatarebs sakmarisi intensiurobis

Suqis sxivs, romelic gadasaRebi obieqtidan airekleba da firze “daxatavs’’

sakmaod mkveTr gamosaxulebas. firis laboratoriuli damuSavebis Semdeg

da misi ekranze proecirebis dros davinaxavT moZrav fotografiul suraTs.

Aase rom, Cven, am SemTxvevaSi, kinoaparati movixmareT, rogorc meqanikuri

xelsawyo, romelmac SesaZlebloba mogvca ekranze migveRo obieqtivis

mxedvelobis areSi moxvedrili obieqtis gamosaxuleba.

magram Cven pretenzia gvaqvs aparatis mxatvruli amocanebis gadasawy-

vetad gamoyenebaze, iseTi calkeuli dinamiuri fotosuraTebis gadaRebaze,

romlebic SemdegSi montaJis saSualebiT daewyoba ra logikuri Tanmimde-

vrobiT, mogvcems raRac dasrulebul azrs. Aaqedan gamomdinare, montaJi

gaxlavT kinowarmoebiss erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementi.

Mmagram, ai, iwyeba gadaReba, rac TavisTavad warmoadgens raimeze

Txrobas. radgan filmis Cvenebis yovel momentSi Cven gvinda, raime gansa-

kuTrebuli vTqvaT. am filmis TiToeuli kadri aris Taviseburi sityva an

fraza. rigi kadrebisgan anu e.w. planebisgan Semdgari montaJuri fraza, ro-

melic gadmogvcems garkveul azrs. kinoaparatiT Cven viRebT calkeul ka-

drebs, romlebic Semoqmedebis pirveladi da aucilebeli elementebia. Ti-

Toeuli kadri aris Taviseburi sityva an fraza, radganac Cven zemoT fil-

mi SevadareT Txrobas, moTxrobas.

ase rom, Tuki Txrobis Tema garkveulia, unda davamuSavoT misi gegma _

calkeuli detalebi (kadrebi) da maTi ganlageba montaJur frazaSi. Tumca

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es sakmarisi ar aris. aucilebelia, movifiqroT, rogor gadaviRoT obieqti,

rom man meti STabeWdileba moaxdinos mayurebelze, romeli saintereso da

azrobrivad mniSvnelovani detalebi warmovaCinoT, raTa ekranze

lurad gadmovceT gadaRebis Tema.

Yyoveli calkeuli kadris gadaRebisas saWiroa,zustad gavceT pasuxi

kiTxvas, sworadaa amorCeuli Tu ara gadaRebis wertili da gamosaxulebis

masStabi. amasTan aucilebelia, gvaxsovdes, rom calkeuli kadri Tavisi me-

zobeli kadrebisgan azrobrivad gaTiSuli, ar warmoadgens aranair

Rirebulebas, radganac Txrobis konteqstidan amovardnilia. am SemTxvevaSi

miiReba mxolod fotografia. Aamitom Tavidanve unda gaviTvaliswinoT,

ramdenad sworadaa amorCeuli planis simsxvile da montaJdeba Tu ara ka-

dri sxva kadrebTan planis simsxvilis da gadaRebis wertilis mixedviT.

rodesac gadamRebi kamera dayenebulia, saWiroa sworad Sefasdes

ganaTebis siZliere, misi Tavisebureba (Suqis naxati, kontrasti) firis

Tvisebebis mixedviT, romelzedac xdeba gadaReba. M

mxatvruli amocanis Sesabamisad gadaReba SeiZleba statikuri kameriT,

umoZrao wertilis irgvliv aparatis motrialebiT – panoramiT, an

moZraobaSi myofi kinokmeriT – dinamiuri panoramiT. Semdeg unda

gavarkvioT, gadaRebis ra sixSiriTaa saWiro muSaoba: normaluri,

aCqarebuli Tu Senelebuli.

da bolos, vidre davaWerT CamrTvel Rilaks, Sesamowmebelia gadaRebis

teqnologiuri reJimi: obieqtivis diafragma, gadaRebis siCqare, Suqfiltre-

bis arseboba, simkveTreze dayenebis siswore. ganvixiloT azrobriv-

gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobani, romelic gaaCnia kinogadaRebas.

daviwyoT gadaRebis wertilis SerCeviT. dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad

namdvilad ar aris sulerTi rogor wertils amovirCevT, gadaviRebT ob-

ieqts miwaze mdgomi aadamianis Tvalis donidan Tu saxuravidan, ormodan

Tu Citis gadafrenis simaRlidan. anu sxvadasxva rakursiT. TvalsaCinoe-

bisTvis ganvixiloT wignSi moyvanili kadrebi.

kadri 1 gadaRebulia normaluri simaRlidan, adamianis mxedvelobis

donidan

Kkadri 2 zeda wertilidan

kadri 3 qveda wertilidan

rogori mniSvneloba aqvs gadaRebis wertilis amorCevas am kadrebis

ubralo gadaxedviTac Cans. Aasevea masStabic (planis simsxvile). Aanu auci-

leblad unda iqnes SerCeuli kadris gadaRebis savsebiT garkveuli wertili

da saWiro masStabi. swored es aris aqtiuri zemoqmedeba obieqtze, misi

Cveneba filmSi Cveni survilis Sesabamisad. es aris mxatvruli Semoqmedebi-

Ti procesis mTavari elementi.

ra gansxvavebaa gamomsaxvelobiTi da SemadgenlobiTi TvalsazrisiT

zemoT moyvanil yvela calkeul SemTxvevaSi.

qveda wertilidan gadaRebuli figura gamoiyureba monumentalurad da

cis fonze proecirdeba. misi silueti kargad ikiTxeba, gamosaxuleba lako-

nuria, gaTavisuflebulia meorexarisxovani detalebisgan, romlebic pirvel

kadrs axlavs.

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Nnormaluri wertilidan gada-

Rebuli figuris silueti SedarebiT

cudad ikiTxeba. peizaJis fonze

Cndeba detalebi, Tavad figura ki

TiTqos horizontis xaziT iyofa.

cisa da dedamiwis mkveTri sazRvari

mas or Tanabar nawilad hyofs. Ees

ki xels gviSlis Tvali vadevnoT

ekranze adamianis moZraobas.

gadasaRebi wertilis zemoT ga-

daadgilebisas, horizontaluri xazi

zemoT iwevs, zeca ikavebs mcire

farTobs an sulac qreba kadridan. am

SemTxvevaSi figura ise gamoiyureba,

TiTqos miWyletilia miwaze. igi deformirebuli da dapataravebulia.

kinematografiaSi SesaZlebelia dinamiur kadrSi sxvadasxva obieqte-

bis moZraoba. aseve SesaZlebelia kadris moZraobaSi myofi kinoaparatiT

gadaReba. ase rom erTi da igive

kadrSi SeiZleba rakursi ramden-

jerme Seicvalos. Tumca aqac unda

gaviTvaliswinoT statikuri kadris

Taviseburebani, radgan dinamiuri ka-

dris TiToeuli momenti SeiZleba

ganxiluli iqnas, rogorc statikuri

kadrebis jaWvi.

magram, wertilis amorCeva ar

niSnavs mxolod kameris garkveul

simaRleze dayenebas gadasaRebi ob-

ieqtis mimarT. aucilebelia gada-

wydes, Tu rogori planiTaa saWiro

obieqtis Cveneba ekranze (msxvili,

saSualo Tu saerTo). rac ufro msxvili planiTaa gamosaxuli obieqti

ekranze, miT ufro konkretulad, detalurad migvyavs Cveni kinomoTxroba.

gavakeToT zemoT moyvanili SesaZ-

leblobebis ilustracia. magaliTad,

rogor unda SevadginoT elementaruli

konomoTxroba adamianze, romelic

parkSi skamze zis.

saerTo planze vxedavT qaliS-

vils, romelic parkSi skamze zis, ma-

gram ar SegviZlia, zustad ganv-

sazRvroT, riTaa igi dakavebuli (k.4.).

kinoaparatiT ufro axlos misvlis da

e.w .saSualo planis gadaRebisas (k.5.)

kargad Cans, rom igi kiTxulobs. Aam

SemTxvevaSi peizaJi iqca fonad.

Mmeqvse kadrze ki ukve vxedavT qaliS-

9

vilis saxis gamometyvelebas anu ga-

moyenebulia msxvili plani. fonad

qceuli peizaJi TiTqmis bundovania. am

kadrSi prioritetulia saxe. Mmsxvili

plani adamianis saxis, sxeulis nawile-

bis an romelime siuJeturad mTavari

detalis gadidebulad Cvenebis SesaZ-

leblobaa. portretuli kadri xSirad

sityvaze metyvelia, gamomxatvelia,

gansakuTrebiT, Tu Cven vaCvenebT saxis

mimikas, gamoxedvis gamometyvelebas.

magram marto msxvili planebiT

Semofargvla gadaRebisas udidesi Sec-

doma iqneboda, radganac saerTo plane-

bi saSualebas gvaZlevs, vaCvenoT moqmedebis are, garemoeba. saerTo, msxvi-

li da saSualo planebisa da detalebisgan Sedgenili montaJuri fraza iq-

neba ufro metis mTqmeli, vidre Tundac

marto msxvili planebisgan Seqmnili

kinomoTxroba.

Aaqmde Cven vlaparakobdiT umTa-

vresad ekranze adamianis gamosaxvaze da

gakvriT vixseniebdiT bunebas, peizaJs,

rogorc Tavisebur fons. Mmagram praq-

tikaSi xSirad gvxvdeba scenebi, sadac

mTavari moqmedi gmiri Tavad bunebaa.

aseTi scenebis gadaRebisas Cven aseve

vansxvavebT saSualo, saerTo da msxvil

planebsa da detalebsac ki, romelTac

garkveuli mxatvruli da ideuri mniSv-

neloba aqvT.

magaliTad, Cveni amocanaa, gadaviRoT bunebis peizaJi, sadac moedineba

mdinare. saerTo planiT zemodan vaCvenebT mdinaris klaknils, mindvrebs,

horizontze _ tyis zols, Rrublian cas. ufro gamomxatveli montaJuri

TxrobisTvis, saWiroa axlos mivideT

mdinaresTan, raTa vaCvenoT Wavli

wyalze. Tu ufro axlos mivalT, ga-

moCndeba wylis zedapirze mcuravi

Semodgomis foTlebi. SeiZleba

calke gadaviRoT swrafad msrbole-

li Rrublebi. montaJis saSualebiT

miviRebT gadaRebuli obieqtis dina-

miur suraTs.

Tu davfiqrdebiT, davinaxavT,

rom gadaRebis zeda wertilis arCeva

SemTxveviTi ar iyo. man mogvca mdi-

naris klaknilis Cvenebis SesaZlebloba. Tu dagvWirdeboda kadrSi marto

horizontis, meti cis TaRis Cveneba, maSin unda gadagveRo qveda wertili-

10

dan, saidanac ufro kargad Cans cis sivrce. qveda wertili gvaZlevs saSua-

lebas, kadrs miRma davtovoT peizaJis detalebi.

moyvanili magaliTebis gacnobis Semdeg, Cven ukve SegviZlia ganv-

sazRvroT, rogori planiT vimuSaoT garkveul momentSi. ra Tqma unda,

yvelaze advilia planis gansazRvra gadasaRebi figuris an misi detalebis

mixedviT. Mmag: ssaerTo plani niSnavs adamianis figuris mTel simaRleSi

gamosaxvas. saSualo plani_ vTqvaT, welamde. msxvili plani da detali ki

gviCvenebs adamianis saxes, xelebs an avtokalams, romelsac gamohyavs asoe-

bi. magram planis sididis meqanikuri gazomva ar aris marTebuli. Uumjobe-

sia, SevTanxmdeT sididis cnebasTan imis da mixedviT, Tu ras xedavs mayure-

beli ekranze gadaRebuli obieqtis moqmedebidan. Mmag: saerTo planze Cven

vxedavT adamianis moZraobas da misi moZraobis adgils. saSualo planze _

mis Jestebs da mimikas. Mmagram mimikis detalurad dasanaxad ukve msxvili

plani gvWirdeba. Ffoni, moqmedebis adgili saSualo da gansakuTrebiT

msxvil planze ufro cudad da bundovnad gadmoicema, vidre saerTo planze.

SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqti, rom saerTo planis Cvenebisas, Cven ar

vamaxvilebT mayureblis YyuradRebas mimikis detalebze an adamianis Jes-

tebze, aramed vaCvenebT saerTo moqmedebas. mere viwyebT mis montaJurad

gamsxvilebas, gamovyofT ra meti STabeWdilebis momxden detalebs kameriT

adamianTan miaxloebisas. Cven Segnebulad vaCvenebT kadrSi imas, risi Tqmac

gvinda gadaRebis amocanis Sesabamisad. Aase magaliTad: msxvil planze Jesti

rCeba kadrs miRma, foni gamodis bundovani, magram saukeTesod gadmoicema

adamianis saxis mimika.

aRsaniSnavia is, rom erTsadaimave firis naWerze planis simsxvile ic-

vleba adamianis kinoaparatTan miaxloebisas an daSorebisas, aseve panora-

mirebis dros. ase rom planis simsxvile ar icvleba mxolod statikuri ka-

drisaTvis, igi sakmaod did farglebSi icvleba dinamiuri da panoramuli

kadrebis gadaRebisas.

gadaRebisas, rodesac gadasaRebi obieqtebi kadrSi moZraoben (e.w. di-

namiuri kadrebi kadrsSida montaJiT), aucilebelia obieqtivis simkveTris

dayenebis regulacia. msgavsi qmedeba xorcieldeba, rodesac viRebT grZel-

fokusiani obieqtivebiT msxvil plans. magaliTad, viRebT adamianis mo-

Zraobas, romelic xan uaxlovdeba da xan Sordeba aparats. imisaTvis rom

igi ar gamovides simkveTris zonidan, saWiroa, vareguliroT fokusi. Torem

miviRebT sxvadsxva simkveTris bundovan gamosaxulebas, romelic arasasia-

movno STabeWdilebas tovebs mayurebelze.

kinokameriT gadaRebis dros, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac es procesi

xdeba bunebis wiaRSi da Sesabamisad gadasaRebi obieqtebi Zlieradaa gana-

Tebuli, aucilebelia obieqtivze diafragmis ricxvobrivi mniSvneloba

dayendes sakmaod did cifrze. Aam SemTxvevaSi kadrSi gamosaxuli sivrcis

sarTo simkveTre savsebiT sakmarisi iqneba saerTo da msxvili planebis ga-

mosaxulebis mkveTrad gadmosacemad, erTsadaimave kadrSi obieqtivis foku-

sis gadayvanis gareSe (gansakuTrebiT, maSin, rodesac Cven viyenebT farTo-

kuTxian obieqtivs). magram am SemTxvevaSi obieqtivis (grZelfokusianis)

fokusis dayenebis Skala mizanSewonilia dayendes hiperfokalur manZilze,

gamosaxulebis mkveTri sazRvris, rac SeiZleba, gadaRebis wertilTan miax-

loebis TvalsazrisiT.

11

planebis simsxvilis da rakursis amorCeva mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli

kinematografiis umTavres kanonTan _ montaJTan, radgan Cven vawarmoebT

montaJur gadaRebas, vaTavsebT kadrebs garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT. amiT

Cven vayalibebT Tavisebur kinematografiul Txrobis Sinaarss, romelic

eqvemdebareba montaJis kanonebs.

am wignSi Cven ar viZleviT rCevebs kinoreportaJis gadaRebis safuZ-

vlebis Sesaxeb, mxolod zedapirulad movixseniebT yvelaze mTavar kanon-

zomierebas, rac moqmedebs yoveli gadaRebis xarisxze. praqtikulad SeiZle-

ba kadrebis ganlageba yovelgvari TanmimdevrobiT. magram mdored ganviTa-

rebadi Txrobis misaRebad, ukeTesia kadrebis Semdegnairi montireba: vi-

wyebT saerTo planis CvenebiT, gadavdivarT saSualosken, mere msxvili pla-

nisa da detalebisken, ra Tqma unda, Tu es saWiroa konkretuli kinoTxro-

bisTvis. Tumca, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba saerTo planis Semdeg

pirdapir msxvili planic davamontaJoT. magram aseTi montaJuri xerxi ga-

moiwvevs fsiqologiur naxtoms gamosaxulebis aRqmaSi.

imisaTvis rom SevinarCunoT Txrobis mdore ritmi rekomendirebuli

ar aris gansxvavebulrakursiani kadrebis montaJi. mag: ar SeiZleba zeda

wertilidan gadaRebuli kadris damontaJeba qveda rakursiT gadaRebul

kadrTan.

Eekranze Txrobis saTanado ritmis misaRebad gamoiyeneba rogorc

calkeuli kadrebis SeerTeba, aseve Sidakadruli montaJi, romelic srulde-

ba panoramebiT gadaRebisas an aparatis gadaRebis obieqtis sivrceSi mo-

Zraobisas. rogorc zemoT vTqviT, aseTi dinamiuri kadrebi SeiZleba gada-

Rebuli iyos sxvadasxva rakursis da masStabis planebiT gadaRebis sxvadasx-

va momentSi. magram am SemTxvevaSic ar aris mizanSewonili mouwesrigebe-

li panoramebi an kinoaparatis Zalian mkveTri, swrafi moZraoba, radgan

mayurebelma unda daafiqsiros mdore gadasvlebi kadrSi, rac waagavs CvenT-

vis kargad nacnob cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, rodesac vuyurebT irgvliv

myof sagnebs Tavis motrialebisas, avtomobiliT an matarebliT mgzavro-

bisas.

dinamiuri gadaRebis praqtikaSi zogjer gamoiyeneba montaJuri xerxi

mayureblis yuradRebis “gadsrolisa’’ erTi obieqtidan meoreze aparatis

gauCereblad. Aase magaliTad, Tqven iRebT fexburTis an hokeis matCs, ro-

melic savsea sxvadsxva Cqari kombinaciebiT. Tqven uTvalTvalebT kinokame-

riT burTs an Saibas. Cqari panoramis romeliRac momentSi aucileblad

moxdeba gamosaxulebis gaurkveveli formis fonad gadaqceva, gadRabvna. ma-

gram rodesac yuradRebis “gadasrola” damTavrdeba, Tqven dainaxavT mkveTr

gamosaxulebas, asec xdeba, rom kamera misdevs swrafad morbenal moTamaSes.

igi ekranze mkveTrad iqneba gamosaxuli, xolo foni da mis gverdiT myofi

sagnebi gadaiSleba, radgan kamera panoramas akeTebs moTamaSis moZraobis

siCqariT. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom gamosaxulebis waSlis saSiSroeba miT me-

tia, rac ufro didia obieqtivis safokuso manZili anu planis simsxvile.

montaJi aris mayurebelTan “kinematografiul enaze “ laparakis xe-

lovneba. mas, ra Tqma unda, esaWiroeba praqtikuli gamocdileba da Zieba.

arc ise advilia, dasrulebuli montaJuri frazis miReba. xSirad saWiro

xdeba kadrebis Tanmimdevrobis Secvla, masalis ramodenime aTeuljer ga-

daTvaliereba ekranze an samontaJo magidasTan. rodesac muSaoba mimdina-

12

reobs Seqcevad firze da gadaRebuli kadris erTi egzempliari gagvaCnia, ar

SeiZleba kadris mravaljeradi ”daWra’’, radgan SeiZleba Seiqnas kadris da-

moklebis saSiSroeba. amitom es operacia tardeba didi sifrTxiliT im

momentamde, vidre ar miviRebT kadris sasurvel sigrZes.

saWiroa gamovimuSaoT Cveuleba da vawarmooT montaJuri gadaReba

moqmedebis ganviTarebis dros. an filmis Canafiqris gansazRvrisas davniS-

noT yoveli kadris adgili epizodSi an filmis fragmentSi. Aar gadaviRoT

arc erTi zedmeti kadri, Tumca ar unda daviviwyoT iseTi kadrebis gadaRe-

ba, romelTa gareSe montaJi ver moaxdens sasurvel STabeWdilebas.

ra Tqma unda, yovelTvis ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, gansakuTrebiT ki re-

portaJuli gadaRebisas, amovirCioT zustad iseTi wertili da planis

simsxvile, rogoric winaswar gvqonda Cafiqrebuli gadaRebis amocanis gada-

saWrelad. gadaRebis ama Tu im xerxis amorCeva damokidebulia gadaRebis

amocanaze. Aase magaliTad, Secdomad CaiTvleba ekranze moqmedebis adgili-

sis bundovnad Cveneba, rodesac, vTqvaT, vamzadebT reportaJs mitingidan an

romelime saxalxo dResaswaulidan, an sulac viRebT bunebis peizaJebs. Dda

piriqiT, portretuli kadrebis gadaRebisas, sasurvelia, foni vaCvenoT bun-

dovnad, raTa mayureblis yuradRebam adamianis saxidan fonze ar gadainac-

vlos. aseT SemTxvevebSi did daxmarebas gviwevs sxvadasxva fokusurmanZi-

liani obieqtivebi.

rodesac Cven viyenebT sxvadasxva fokusuri manZilis mqone obieqtivebs,

gveZleva Sansi, gadmovceT ara marto siuJeturad mTavari obieqtebis gamo-

saxuleba saWiro simsxvilis planiT, ise rom gadaRebis wertili ar Sevcva-

loT, aramed vareguliroT kadris sivrcisa da fonis perspeqtiva. Oobieqti-

vebi fokusuri manZilis mixedviT iyofa sam ZiriTad jgufad: normaluri,

moklefokusiani anu farTokuTxiani da grZelfokusiani obieqtivebi.

normalurad iTvleba obieqtivi, romelic gadmogvcems iseT gamosax-

ulebas ekranze, rogorsac miCveulia Cveni Tvali. idealur SemTxvevaSi

aseT obieqtivad iTvleba obieqtivi, romlis xedvis kuTxe Seadgens 50 gra-

duss. radgan adamianTa umetesobis Tvalis xedvis kuTxe Seadgens daaxloe-

biT 47_55 graduss. AaseTi obieqtivebiT muSaobisas ar xdeba gadaRebuli

obieqtebis perspeqtivis Secvla anu maT aRviqvamT naturalur formebSi

farTokuTxiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas Cven yovelTvis gvaqvs saqme

perspeqtivis garkveuli sididiT SecvlasTan. farTokuTxiani obieqtivebiT

gadaRebisas maqsimalurad gadmoicema gadasaRebi obieqtis sivrce, maT gaaC-

niaT didi simkveTris siRrme,rac metwilad gamoiyeneba Zalian axlos myofi

obieqtebisa da Sors myofi obieqtebis Tanabari simkveTriT gadmosacemad.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, adgili aqvs obieqtebs Soris did perspeq-

tiul sxvaobas.

grZelfokusiani obieqtiviT (anu teleobieqtiviT) gadaRebisas Cven

vRebulobT Sors ganlagebuli gadasaRebi obieqtis msxvil plans. rogorc

wesia, aseT obieqtivebs gaaCniaT patara simkveTris siRrme. teleobieqti-

vebs didi safokuso manZili da gamosaxulebis mcire kuTxe aqvT, rac ga-

moricxavs perspeqtivis damaxinjebis SesaZleblobas. amis meoxebiT teleo-

bieqtivi Seudarebelia saportreto gadaRebisa da bunebis gadaRebisaTvis

didi planiT. M

13

magram optikis TvalsazrisiT, romelic geometriuli kanonebidan ga-

momdinareobs, yvela obieqtivi erTnairad gadmogvcems perspeqtivas da

gvaZlevs erTsa da imave simkveTris siRrmes, Tuki es obieqtivebi gadaRebis

obieqtis mimarT erTi da igive safokuso distanciaze iqneba orientirebu-

li. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, grZelfokusiani obieqtivis simkveTris siRrmis

simcire ganpirobebulia ara marto misi konstruqciiT, aramed imiT, rom

aseTi tipis obieqtiviT gadaReba xdeba msxvili masStabiT da amasTan pir-

veli da Sori planebis obieqtebi savsebiT sxagvarad Tavsdeba gadasaReb

svrceSi, vidre farTokuTxiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas, rodesac pirveli

planis obieqtebi Zalian axlos imyofeba obieqtivTan. swored es gvaZlevs

gamosaxulebaSi sivrcis efeqts, simkveTris didi siRrmis iluzias farTo-

kuTxiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas. magram CvenTvis mTavaria ekranze miRe-

buli gamosaxuleba, amitom Cveni rCevebi praqtikisTvis gamosadegia da

gviadvileben orientacias sxvadasxva fokusuri manZilis obeqtivebis SerCe-

vaSi.

ase rom, sxvadasxva fokusiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas, SesaZlebloba

gveZleva, ara marto saWiro masStabiT gadmovceT gamosaxuleba, aramed

sxvadasxvagvarad vaCvenoT pirveli plani da foni. Ee.i. vayalibebT gamosax-

ulebis perspeqtivas.

yovelive zemoTTqmulidan daskvna, Tu gvinda vaCvenoT gamosaxulebaSi

didi da farTo sivrce sruli simkveTriT, fonis detalebi, unda gadaviRoT

farTokuTxiani obieqtivebiT, xolo gadaRebis mTavari obieqtebi aparat-

Tan unda mivaaxlovoT ise, rom igi saWiro zomis gamovides. xolo, roca

saWiroa fonis naklebi simkveTriT gadmocema,fonis detalebis gabundovne-

ba, sivrcis dakargva, umjobesia, gamoviyenoT grZelfokusiani obieqtivebi.

Sesabamisad aparati Tavsdeba pirveli planidan saTanado daSorebiT, raTa

miviRoT pirveli planis figurebis gamosaxuleba saWiro MmasStabiT.

kinogadaRebis praqtikaSi farTo gamoyeneba moipoves farTokuTxianma

obieqtivebma, romlebic qmnian yvelaze mkveTr da detalizirebul gamosax-

ulebas. Mmayurebeli cudad aRiqvams ekranze ara marto mTavari obieqtis

gamosaxulebis, aramed fonis bundovanebasac. gansakuTrebiT, rodesac es

ukanaskneli gadaqceulia uformo laqebad. moklefokusiani obieqtivis

amorCeva xSirad ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT rom filmebis umetesobas

iReben ferSi, xolo feradi bundovani gamosaxuleba ekranze Zalian arasa-

siamovnod Cans. aq Cven SegviZlia rekomendaciis mocema: feradi gadaRebisas

nu gamoiyenebT xSirad da borotad grZelfokusian obieqtivebs da nu ec-

debiT kadrSi saWiroze xSirad bundovanebis miRebas. Tu saWiroa, ekranze

vaCvenoT obieqti da misi ganlageba sivrceSi iseTi perspeqtiviT, rogorc

aRviqvamT mas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, umjobesia movixmaroT obieqtivebi,

romelTa xedvis kuTxeebi uaxlovdeba Cveni Tvalis mxedvlobiT kuTxes.

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom grZelfokusiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisaken mi-

swrafebam SeiZleba fonis materialobis dakargvasTan migviyvanos. rac

namdvilad arasaurvelia. samagierod, aseTi obieqtivebis gamoyeneba mizan-

Sewonilia gadasaRebi obieqtebis Sori manZilidan saTvalTvalod da gada-

saRebad. Aam SemTxvevaSi obieqti ver xedavs, rom mas uReben da iqceva bune-

brivad. grZelfokusiani obieqtivebi saSualebas gvaZleven, miviRoT gamo-

saxulebis saWiro simsxvile Sori manZilidan gadaRebisas. gansakuTrebiT

14

sainteresoa am tipis obieqtivebiT Sesrulebuli panoramebi, roca apara-

tis panoramireba Tan mihyveba obieqtis moZraobas, riTac ekranze iqmneba

aparatis moZraobis iluzia. Tumca operatori mudam erT adgilze dgas da

panoramas erTi umoZrao wertilidan akeTebs. moZravi obieqtis zoma kadr-

Si rCeba praqtikulad ucvleli. foni obieqtivis simkveTris siRrmis simci-

ris gamo budovani gamodis da ar izidavs mayureblis yuradRebas. Ees ki aZ-

lierebs obieqtis siCqaris sididis STabeWdilebas pirvel planze. oRond

sasurvelia obieqtma imoZraos wrexazis mrudis mimarTulebiT, raTa ar ga-

movides obieqtivis simkveTris siRrmidan.

moklefokusiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom

mkveTri rakursiT gadaReba, mogvcems gadaRebuli obieqtis formebis damax-

ijebas. ase magaliTad: arqiteqturuli nimuSebis qveda wertilidan gadaReba

gamoiwvevs vertikaluri xazebis gadaxras da Senobebi ekranze ise gamoCn-

deba, TiTqos wasaqcevad aris gamzadebuli. Aaseve arasasurvelia adamianis

portretebis gadaReba axlo manZilidan, zeda an qveda rakursiT, radgan am

SemTxvevaSi ekranze SeiZleba miviRoT karikaturis msgavsi gamosaxuleba.

Tumca aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac msgavsi kadrebis miReba Tavad operators

esaWiroeba dasaxuli amocanis gadasaWrelad.

Yyvelaferi, razedac zemoT visaubreT, gaTvlili iyo, rodesac kamera

dgas erT wertilze an mimdinareobs kadrebis wyvetilad gadaReba, Tumca

gadaReba xSirad warmoebs moZravi kameriT. Aam moZraobas SeiZleba hqondes

sruliad sxvadasxva mimarTuleba da siCqare. Aase iReben sxvadasxva moZrao-

bas, miaxloebas, daSorebas da a.S. miuxedavad moZravi kameriT gadaRebis

xerxebis mravalferovnebisa, asxvaveben mis or ZiriTad jgufs:

1)stacionaruli panoramireba anu gadaReba RerZis irgvliv mbrunavi ka-

meriT specialuri Stativis Tavis gamoyenebiT.

2)dinamiuri panoramireba_gadaReba sivrceSi moZravi kameriT. kamera

praqtikulad SeiZleba dayenebuli iqnes nebismier moZrav sayrdenze.

Cven vuyurebT ekranze Savi CarCoTi Semofarglul films. Mmagram moq-

medebis ganviTarebisa da sxvadasxva kadrebis monacvleobisas xSirad verc

ki vamCnevT ekranis CarCos da mis sibrtyeles.

moZravi kameriT gadaReba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs miviRoT ekranze

geometriuli moculobisa da gamosaxulebis stereoskopulobis iluzia.

Ddinamiuri panoramebis gadaRebisas ukeTesad gadmoicema sivrce, moculoba,

foni. Ees aixsneba gadaRebis wertilis mudmivi cvliT, rac gvaZlevs saSua-

lebas, garkveviT davinaxoT ekranze aparatisgan sxvadasxva manZilze myof

figurebs Soris arsebuli daSoreba. Ggarda amisa, kargad Cans maTi masSta-

bebis (roca gadaReba mimdinareobs gadamRebi obieqtivis RerZis mimarTule-

biT) da maT Soris manZilis Secvla (rodesac gadaReba xdeba obieqtivis

RerZis perpendikularulad).

aRsaniSnavia, rom moZraobiT gadaReba da panoramireba Tavisi arsiT

warmoadgens xerxs, romelic gadmotanilia adamianebis Tvisebidan, aTva-

lieros mis irgvliv arsebuli garemo fexiT siarulis an transportiT

mgzavrobis dros. Aamitom gadaRebis am xerxma unda datovos msgavsi STa-

beWdileba. Tu gadaRebis amocana ar moiTxovs panoramirebas an aparatis

sivrceSi moZraobas, umjobesia, es xerxebi ar gamoviyenoT. davuSvaT saWi-

roa ekranze vaCvenoT moqmedebis adgilis dawvrilebiTi aRweriloba, maSin

15

Cven mas vaTvalierebT yoveli mxridan, vakeTebT aparatiT panoramirebas,

vafarTovebT zedapirul daxasiaTebas. Aaq panoramireba gamarTlebulia ga-

daRebis amocaniT.

moviyvanoT kidev erTi magaliTi. vTqvaT, saWiroa, vaCvenoT Sexvedra

sadgurSi an aeroportSi, sadac uamravi adamiania Tavmoyrili. Aaq saWiroa

gadaviRoT aparatiT, romelic uWiravs operators xelSi, radganac mas

SeuZlia advilad gadaadgildes da zogierT SemTxvevaSi gadaiRos moZrao-

bis drosac ki, Tu amas moiTxovs amocana.

praqtikulad kinokameris damagreba SeiZleba yvela moZrav saganze: ma-

tarebelze, avtomobilze, xelis urikaze da a.S. am SemTxvevaSi kargad gad-

moicema moZraobis Tavisebureba, im sxeulis moZraobis xasiaTi, romelzec

aparatia damagrebuli. sakmarisia, gavixsenoT moZravi matareblis an avto-

mobilis fanjrebidan gadaRebuli kadrebi, Cven maSinve gvibyrobs moZraobis

grZnoba, romelic damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im satransporto saSualebe-

bisTvis.

Aaucilebelia, sworad gamovTvaloT panoramirebisas an moZraobisas

gadaRebis siCqare, raTa ar miviRoT ekranze gadaSlili, bundovani gamosax-

uleba.

dinamiuri panoramirebis dros saWiroa, vendoT Cvens gamocdilebas da

ra Tqma unda, mxedvelobaSi miviRoT is aqsioma, rom rac ufro moklefoku-

siania optika, romliTac xdeba moZraobis gadaReba, miT ufro naklebia

SezRudva moZraobis siCqaresa da simkveTreSi.

aseTi SemTxvevebis grZelfokusiani obieqtiviT gadaReba Zalian rTu-

lia, radgan aparatis sul mcire SejanjRareba an siCqaris odnavi momateba,

gansakuTrebiT kameris moZraobis perpendikularulad, iwvevs gamosaxulebis

gadaSlas da aRiqmeba, rogorc gadaRebisadmi agdebuli damokidebuleba.

aseT SemTxvevaSi gadaRebuli kadri ekranze iwyebs “xtunvas’’.

grZelfokusiani obieqtivebiT panoramireba swrafad moZravi obieqtis

gadaRebisas, Tumca bundovans xdis fons, magram amave dros inarCunebs im

obieqtis gamosaxulebas, romelsac iRebdnen pirvel planze, romelzedac

akeTebda kamera panoramas da obieqtivi iyo am obieqtze fokusirebuli. Aaq

waSlili da bundovani foni aZlierebs obieqtis moZraobis STabeWdilebas.

yvelaze gavrcelebuli Secdomaa _ panoramireba an kameris moZraoba

yovelgvari miznis gareSe. rodesac undaT, rom kadrSi rac SeiZleba meti

obieqti aRbeWdon. rogorc wesi, aseT panoramebs ara aqvT dasawyisi da

bolo kadrebi, romlebic unda gadawyvetiliyo statikur mdgomareobaSi.

Zalian rTulia aseTi panoramebis montireba statikaSi gadawyvetil ka-

drebTan. panoramirebis erTferovneba, sxvadasxva sxeulebis gaelveba

ekranze maT xazgausmelad, rac xdeba maTi gamsxvilebiT an kameris gaCere-

biT panoramaze, male Rlis mayurebels, romelsac uWirs aRiqvas ekranze

mcire xniT gamoCenili gamosaxuleba. ikargeba Txrobis logika da gamom-

xatveloba.

unda gvaxsovdes, rom panoramiT gadaReba aqtiurad gamoyenebadi xer-

xia. igi STabeWdilebas axdens mayurebelze ara marto obieqtis CvenebiT,

aramed TviT gadaRebis dinamikis gadmocemiTac. Ddinamiuri xerxebis zomie-

rad gamoyeneba da maTi statikuri kadrebiT gajereba aZlierebs panoramis

16

emociur STabeWdilebas da gamoricxavs gameorebisas, gadaiqces igi mosa-

wyen, erTferovan gadaRebis xerxad.

Cven ganvixileT gadaRebis umartivesi xerxebi, romelTa ucodinrad

filmis Seqmna SeuZlebelia.

gadaRebis zemoT CamoTvlil meTodebs filmis kompozicia ewodeba.

Kkompozicia aris gadasaRebi masalis SerCeva yoveli kadris gadaRebisa da

montaJis dros. Kkompoziciis mTavari obieqtia adamiani, misi individua-

lurobis, xasiaTis, moqmedebis azris ekranze gadmocemis xelovneba ganapi-

robebs kinogadaRebis warmatebas.

da marTlac, kadrebis gadaRebis, maTi montaJis, teqstobrivi da musi-

kaluri xmovani gaformebis Sedegad iqmneba filmi. ase rom, gadaRebis xer-

xebi kinogamosaxulebis kompoziciis aucilebelli elementebia. calke maT

ara aqvT araviTari mniSvneloba, Cven maT ganvixilavT konkretuli gadaRe-

bis sxva amocanebTan erTad.

Ffilmis kompoziciis montaJur kadrebSi dalagebis unars Zalian didi

mniSvneloba aqvs operatorisaTvis. SeiZleba operatorama kargad icodes

gadamReb teqnikasTan muSaoba da gadaRebis sxvadasxva xerxebi, magram maT

Tu ver gamoiyenebs ekranze saWiro azris an Temis, siuJetis gadmosacemad,

yvela cda amao iqneba. ekranze gamoCndeba mosawyeni moZravi fotografie-

bis seria.

magram rogor moviqceT maSin, roca kargad vflobT gadaRebis mraval

xerxs? rogor amovarCioT maT Soris CvenTvis aucilebeli, rac mogvcems

saintereso filmis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas. Aaq saukeTeso rCevaa, imuSaoT

filmis kompoziciaze misi dedaazris Cafiqrebis procesSi, anu vidre gada-

Rebas daiwyebT. Aaseve filmis gadaRebis, montaJis, gaformebis, gaxmovanebis

dros amoirCieT yvelaze optimaluri meTodi, romelic upasuxebs filmis

azrs.

Mmagram Tavidan saWiroa, gadawydes, rogor unda iqnas gadaRebuli

amorCeuli Tema, ganisazRvros filmis Canafiqri, saWiroeba. maSin Tqven mo-

ZebniT saWiro gadaRebis xerxebs, maT Soris imaTac, rasac ukve gaecaniT.

kinematografiuli kompozicia dinamiuria. icvleba xalxisa da nivTe-

bis adgili kadrSi, icvleba Tavad kadrebi, ganaTeba, movlenebi gadmoicema

droSi. amaSia misi sirTulec da Rirsebac, radganac igi gamoxatavs cxovre-

bis mTavar xazs _ moZraobas, ganviTarebas. aq, praqtikulad, Semoufarglavi

SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebia Caqsovili.

Aam wignSi Cven ar viZleviT rCevebs kompoziciaze muSaobis Sesaxeb,

magram mainc ver avuvliT gverds zogierT daskvnas, romlis mxedvelobaSi

miReba aucilebelia saoperatoro teqnikasTan muSaobis dros.

Kkompozicias unda gaaCndes Zalin garkveuli da zustad amorCeuli

azri, iyos Sinaarsiani. KkompoziciaSi xdeba im movlenebis da moqmedebis

subieqturi Sefaseba, romelic xdeba kameris win. umTavresia, winaswar mii-

RoT gadawyvetileba gadasaRebi obieqtebis kompoziciuri gaformebis Se-

saxeb. Aaqedan ibadeba gadaRebis konkretuli xerxebi. Uunda gvaxsodes rom

erT kadrSi ar SeiZleba iTqvas yvelaferi. ukeTesia, azri gadavanawiloT

montaJuri kadrebis seriaSi. sabolood mas Cven srulyofilad aRviqvamT

ekranze TanmimdevrobiTi Cvenebis Sedegad.

17

gadaRebis teqnika xelovnuri ganaTebis pirobebSi

gadaRebis Tavisebureba

xelovnur ganaTebasTan muSaobis Taviseburebebis codna aucilebelia

yoveli operatorisaTvis.

SenobaSi gadaRebisas operatori gonebaSi aRidgens ama Tu im sinaTlis

wyarosTvis damaxasiaTebel Suqis efeqtebs, roca mas Tvalwin ar aqvs Sesa-

bamisi magaliTi.

oTaxSi magidis sanaTis an sanTlis Suqis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad, SeiZ-

leba Tavidan ainTos isini, rac gamoaCens ASuqCrdilis ganawilebas gadaRe-

bis obieqtze, Suqis damaxasiaTebel suraTs. Mmagram es sakmarisi ar aris,

radgan gadaRebisas saWiroa ara marto Suqis efeqtis aRdgena, aramed auci-

lebelia gaviTvaliswinoT negatiuri da pozitiuri firis Tvisebebi,

ekranze gamosaxulebis aRqmis Tavisebureba, ganaTebis da gadamRebi teqnikis

Tvisebebi da urTierTkavSiri. Aam SemTxvevaSi savaldebuloa, operatorama

SeaTavsos gamoyenebuli sinaTlis feris temperatura da firis speqtralu-

ri SuqmgrZnobeloba. feris temperaturis dasabalanseblad aucilebelia,

gamoiyenos sakompesacio Suqfiltrebi.

xelovnur ganaTebasTan muSaoba operatorisgan moiTxovs, pirvel rig-

Si, sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi darwmunebas, rac yalibdeba yuradRebis gamax-

vilebiT, unariT _ aRiqvas da daimaxsovros sxvadasxva cxovsrebiseuli su-

raTebi, raTa aRadginos saWiro momentSi zogerTi maTgani xelovnuri ga-

naTebis wyaroebiT. SenobaSi gadaRebis urTules amocanad iTvleba obieq-

tis ganaTebis teqnika. ganaTebis saSualebiT xazi esmeva an piriqiT imale-

ba gadasaRebi obieqtis formebi, faqtura da yalibdeba ganaTebis efeqti,

romelic axasiaTebs moqmedebis dros da ganwyobilebas. swored ganaTebis

meSveobiT SeiZleba dekoraciis faneris kedlebi gadavaqcioT realur ar-

qiteqturad da ekranze nanaxisgan miRebuli STabeWdileba mivuaxlovoT si-

namdviles.

ganaTebis obieqtze muSaoba Suqis dasayeneblad eqvemdebareba ara

marto gadasaRebi scenis siuJets, aramed mas gaaCnia Tavisi teqnika da me-

Todika. romelTa safuZvlebis codnis gareSe gadaRebis procesi Zalze

rTuldeba.

xelovnuri ganaTebiT gadaRebisas mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs gadasa-

Rebi obieqtis winaswari momzadeba. amaSi Sedis tansacmlis SerCeva, deko-

raciis aSeneba, rekvizitis amorCeva. Yyvelaferi es mzaddeba gadaRebis pi-

robebis gaTvaliswinebiT da eqvemdebareba siuJetur amocanas.

xelovnur ganaTebasTan muSaobisas umTavresi aris kadrebis, romelSic

monawileobs adamiani, ganaTeba da kompozicia. Senoba an dekoracia,

umravles SemTxvevaSi, aris mxolod foni, adamianis moqmedebis garemo.

ganaTebis meTodika da teqnika

rodesac gadaReba iwarmoeba pavilionSi, SeuZlebelia miviRoT sasur-

veli efeqtis kinogamosaxuleba Suqis saWiro raodenobis gamoyenebis ga-

reSe.

18

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, kinofilmi warmoadgens TanmimdevrobiT

ganlagebul samontaJo kadrebis rigs (erTobliobas). swored amitom auci-

lebel programa minimums warmoadgens, gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas Semdegi

moTxovnebi:

1. Yyoveli mocemuli scenis kadridan kadramde ganviTarebisas daculi

unda iqnes gamosaxulebrivi erTianoba, kontrasti, tonalobisa da feris

TanaSefardeba.

2. ekranze kadris Semadgenlobis aRqmis ubraloeba kadris demonstri-

rebis umokles periodSi. Aaqedan gamomdinare, Cndeba moTxovnileba ganaTe-

ba iyos ubralo da gasagebi.

3.ganaTebis efeqtebis, droisa da moqmedebis adgilis erToblioba an

maTi erToblivi ganviTareba kadridan kadrSi.

4. gadasaRebi adamianebis portretuli daxasiaTebis erToblioba da

ganviTareba. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinareobs moTxovnileba, romelic udevs

safuZvlad Tanamedrove ganaTebis meTodikas, romlis codna aucilebeli da

sasargebloa operatorisaTvis.

KkinogadaRebis Tanamedrove meTodika damyarebulia kinooperatorTa

uzarmazar gamocdilebaze.

Tavidan Cven gavecnobiT e.w. ganaTebis saxeobebs Suqis sxivis dacemis

mimarTulebis mixedviT uZrav obieqtze (am SemTxvevaSi adamianis saxeze).

aseTi mimarTuleba calkeuli Suqis wyarodan SeiZleba arsebobdes uamravi,

magram Cven gamovyofT mTavars. radgan ganaTeba warmoebs sivrceSi, Sesaba-

misi ganaTebis suraTi SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iqnas obieqtze Suqis nax-

atiT, romelic miiReba sivrcis garkveul wertilSi myofi ganaTebis wya-

rodan. adamianis saxis mimarT aparatis dayenebis wertils Cven vtovebT

ucvlelad.

vTqvaT, ganaTebis wyaro gadaadgildeba gadasaRebi obieqtis mimarT

jer vertikalurad, mere horizontalurad. Sesabamisad obieqtze warmoiqm-

neba ganaTebis calkeuli SemTxvevebi. GganaTebis wyaros vertikalurad ga-

daadgilebisas warmoiqmneba:

1)zeda ganaTeba

2) ganaTeba kameris donidan

3)qveda ganaTeba.

GganaTebis wyaros horizontalurad gadaadgilebis Sesabamisad war-

moiqmneba:

1)frontaluri ganaTeba @

2)diagonaluri ganaTeba

3)gverdiTi ganaTeba

4)blikuri (arekvladi) ganaTeba

5) kontraJuruli ganaTeba.

Suqis wyaros ganlagebis Secvla obieqtis mimarT xdeba misi sivrceSi

horizontaluri da vertikaluri kordinatebis Secvlis mixedviT. aqedan

gamomdinare SeiZleba iyos Ffrontaluri ganaTeba kameris doneze, zeda

frontaluri ganaTeba, qveda frontaluri ganaTeba da a.S.

gansazRvravs ra sivrceSi sinaTlis mTavari wyaros adilsamyofels,

operatorma winaswar icis mis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos rezultati da

19

ganaTebis mTavari wyaros Tanaqmedeba ganaTebis sxva damatebiT xelsa-

wyoebTan.

GganaTebis obieqtebis da misi gamosaxulebrivi Tvisebebis codna sa-

sargeblo da aucilebelia operatorisaTvis, radgan Zalian aadvilebs saWi-

ro saxis ganaTebis Segnebul amorCevas gadaRebisas ara marto pavilionSi,

aramed naturazec.

Tavidan ganvixiloT zemoTCamoTvlili ganaTebis saxeebis Tvisebebi.

Ffrontaluri ganaTeba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva variantis: tonaluri,

uCrdilo, SuqCrdiliani, zeda, qveda...

Oobieqtis tonaluri ganaTeba xSirad gvxvdeba gadaRebis praqtika-

Si.igi warmoiqmneba, rodesac kamera da ganaTebis wyaro maqsimalurad ax-

los arian ganlagebuli erTmaneTTan. am SemTxvevaSi miiReba gadasaRebi

obieqtis bunebrivi forma da tonaloba, romelic ar aris Secvlili am

obieqtze SuqCrdilebis ganlagebiT.

praqtikaSi sinaTlis es wyaro yendeba pirdapir kamerasTan an mis ukan.

igi SeiZleba gvaZlevdes rogorc mimarTul, ise gafantul Suqs.

rodesac ganaTebis mimarTuli wyaro imyofeba obieqtivis zemoT gada-

Rebis mimarTulebiT (kameris mimarTulebiT) warmoiqmneba zedafrontaluri

ganaTeba, mkveTrad gamosaxuli SuqCrdiliT. sinaTlis es wyaro yendeba

pirdapir kamerasTan an mis ukan. igi SeiZleba gvaZlevdes rogorc mimar-

Tul, ise gafantul Suqs. Oobieqtze warmoiqmneba ganaTebuli da daCrdilu-

li nawilebi, xazi esmeva mis moculobiT formebs, Cans masalis faqtura.

saxis ganaTebis, misi ovaluri moculobiTi formebis gadmosacemad saWiroa

Suqis wyaro ganlagdes saxis mimarT 30-55 gradusiani kuTxiT. Tu mimarTuli

Suqis wyaro imyofeba gadaRebis obieqtisa da gadaRebis wertilis qveda na-

wilSi, am dros warmoiqmneba qveda frontaluri ganaTeba misTvis damax-

asiaTebeli SuqCrdilovani naxatiT, romelic Zalian amaxinjebs obieqtis

bunebriv formebs. warmoiqmneba damaxinjebuli Crdilebi cxviris zemoT, Ca-

Savebuli Subli, ganaTebuli yeli da nikapi. Tumca qveda SuqiT kargad naT-

deba Tvalebi. qveda Suqis es Tviseba xSirad gamoiyeneba portretuli gada-

Rebebis dros Tvalebis damatebiT gasanaTeblad. am ganaTebis intesiuroba

Zlieri ar aris da igi Seefardeba sinaTlis sxva saxeobebs.

diagonalur ganaTebas, frontalurisgan gansxvavebiT, ar SeuZlia Seqm-

nas tonaluri (uCrdilo) gamosaxulebis naxati. radganac ganaTebis wyaro

am SemTxvevaSi yovelTvis dgas kameris optikuri RerZis mimarT garkveuli

kuTxiT. Suqis wyaroebis ganlageba SesaZlebelia obieqtis romelime mxares:

marjvniv an marcxniv.

Ubevr SemTxvevaSi gvxvdeba zeda diagonaluri ganaTeba,romelic yve-

laze xSirad gamoiyeneba msxvil planebze muSaobisas, rodesac sxivis dace-

mis kuTxe aparatis optikuri RerZis mimarT daaxloebiT 30-35 gradusia. Aam

SemTxvevaSi saxeze warmoiqmneba arasimetriulad ganlagebuli Crdilebi.

saxis erTi nawili ganaTebulia ufro intesiurad, vidre meore, romelzec

warmoiqmneba Crdilebi. gamosaxulebaSi Zalian kargad Cans saxis moculo-

biTi formebi. Cndeba SesaZlebloba koreqtirebuli iqnas SuqCrdiliT saxis

nakli, Suqis wyaros zustad gansazRvruli adgilis moZebniT kamerisa da

saxis mimarT.

20

Qqveda diagonaluri ganaTeba saxeebis gasanaTeblad iSviaTad gamoiye-

neba. igi ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia dekoraciebis gasanaTeblad.

gverdiTi ganaTeba xSirad gvxvdeba SemoqmedebiT praqtikaSi da ga-

moirCeva SuqCrdilis simdidriTa da sxvadasxvaobiT. gverdiTi ganaTeba

qmnis sxeulebis, figurebisa da saxeebis moculobis ekranze gadmocmis karg

SesaZleblobas. igi mSvenivrad gadmogvcems obieqtis mikroreliefs. es uka-

naskneli gansakuTrebiT kargad gadmoicema, rodesac Suqis sxivi “micuravs’’

sxeulis zedapiris gaswvriv. gverdiTi ganaTeba gvaZlevs obieqtis gamosax-

ulebis koreqtirebis SesaZleblobas,radganac warmoiqmneba SuqCrdiliani

suraTi, romelzedac Crdils didi farTobi ukavia.

Suqis es saxeoba kargad Seefardeba ganaTebis sxva saxeobebs, kerZod,

frontalur uCrdilo ganaTebas. gverdiTi ganaTebis sxivebi gvexmarebian

gadmovceT sxeulebis moculobebis, maTi profilebis da faqturebis gamo-

saxuleba.

gverdiTi ganaTeba xSirad gamoiyeneba sivrcis moculobisa da masSi

ganlagebul nivTebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisTvis.

kontraJuruli ganaTeba mimarTulia kameris mopirdapired. igi anaTebs

obieqts ukana mxridan. Aam SemTxvevaSi figurebisa da nivTebis sazRvarze

Cndeba ganaTebis konturi.

praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba zeda kontraJuruli ganaTeba,

radganac sxivebis dacemis patara kuTxis dros warmoiqmneba kameris obieq-

tivis gaSuqebis seriozuli saSiSroeba. Mmagram SesaZlebelia qveda kon-

traJuruli ganaTebac, oRond am SemTxvevaSi Suqis wyaro dafaruli unda

iyos gaumWvirvale, cecxlgamZle qsoviliT an sxva saSualebiT.

kontraJuruli ganaTeba umTavresad gamoiyeneba figurebisa da nivTebis

formebis gadmosacemad (romlebic ganlagebuli arian sivrceSi) da kadrSi

maTi sxva sagnebidan Suqis saSualebiT gamosayofad. Eam saxis ganaTebis ga-

moyeneba SesaZlebelia maSinac ki, roca nivTebs da fons erTidaigive to-

naloba aqvT. Hhaeri, gansakuTrebiT, roca is gakvamlulia, kontraJuruli

Suqis gamoyenebisas iwyebs naTebas, rac aZlierebs patara SenobaSi an de-

koraciaSi sivrcis gadmocemis SesaZleblobas.

kontraJuruli ganaTebis wyaroebs SeuZliaT firze warmoqmnas ganaTe-

buli konturebi, igive oreolebi da zedmetad ganaTebuli adgilebi, Tuki

obieqtivs ar davicavT Suqis pirdapiri moxvedrisgan. amisaTvis saWiroa

obieqtivebze dayendes parazituli Suqisgan damcavi blendebi, xolo gana-

Tebis aparaturaze _ e.w. fardebi, “Storkebi’’. kontraJuruli ganaTeba Zi-

riTadad gamoiyeneba ganaTebis sxva saxeobebTan erTad da aris ganaTebis

sistemis erT-erTi elementi.

Aarekvladi anu blikuri ganaTeba kontraJurulisgan imiT gansxvavdeba,

rom ganaTebis wyaro imyofeba ara kameris winaaRmdeg, aramed romelime

kuTxiT mis optikur RerZTan. amitom Suqis konturi gamosaxulebaSi gamo-

dis didi sifarTovis obieqtis erT mxares.

ganaTebis es saxeoba, umravles SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyeneba saerTo gana-

Tebis sistemaSi. Mmisi gamoyenebisas obieqtis ukana mxares warmoiqmneba

ufro farTo ganaTebuli zoli, vidre kontraJuruli ganaTebisas.

21

ganaTebis mTavari sqemebi

saerTo ganaTeba

gadaRebis obieqtis gasanaTeblad gamoiyeneba Suqis wyaroebi, romleb-

ic imyofebian sivrcis sxvadasxva koordinatebSi. sxvadasxva teqnikuri Ta-

viseburebebis mqone Suqis wyaroebiT muSaobisas SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad

gavanaToT obieqti, miviRoT ekranze sxvadasxvanairi Suqtonaluri naxati

da gradaciebi. OoperatorTa muSaobis praqtikuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs,

rom saerTo ganaTebis sistemaSi arsebobs sami gamorCeuli meTodi.

Ppirveli sistemaa e.w. lokalizebuli ganaTeba, roca mTeli ganaTeba

amoiwureba erTi saxis mimarTuli SuqiT _ proJeqtoriT. rodesac mTeli

Suqi obieqtze ecema erTi romelime mxridan, am dros gamosaxulebaze gad-

moicema kargad xazgasmuli SuqCrdili. Llokalizebuli ganaTebis dros

warmoiqmneba obieqtis mkveTrad gamoxatuli suraTi. Tumca SesaZlebelia

miviRoT sxva xasiaTis naxatic, magaliTad, uCrdilo gamosaxuleba. Mmagram

gadaRebis praqtikaSi Cven mxatav ganaTebas veZaxiT iseT ganaTebas, romlis

drosac obieqtze xazgasmulad gadmoicema ganaTebis Sedegi _ SuqCrdilova-

ni gamosaxuleba.

Mmeore sistemaa saerTo sinaTlis Semavsebeli ganaTeba. rodesac ob-

ieqtis yvela detali ganaTebulia rac SeiZleba Tanabrad, Crdilebis ga-

reSe. Suqtonaluri xasiaTis mixedviT Semavsebeli ganaTeba absoluturad

gansxvavdeba pirveli sistemisgan.

Dda bolos, mesame da yvelaze gavrcelebuli SemTxvevaa Sereuli, e.w.

sivrcobrivi ganaTeba, romelic akeTebs ama Tu im doziT bunebrivi ganaTe-

bis imitacias. saWiro ganaTeba warmoiqmneba obieqtze mravali ganaTebis

wyaros erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad, rodesac yoveli maTgani ikavebs

sivrceSi garkveul koordinatebs da aris mimarTuli an gafantuli ganaTe-

bis wyaro. Ees sistema warmodgens pirveli oris (lokalizebuli da Semav-

sebeli ganaTebis) Serwymas. Aam SemTxvevaSi lokalizebuli ganaTeba ga-

moiyeneba Tavisebur gruntad fonis gasanaTeblad., xolo lokaluri ayali-

bebs kargad gadmocemul Suqis naxats obieqtze.

Cvens mier zemoT moyvanili klasifikaciis mixedviT, SegviZlia ramde-

nime rCeva mivceT operatorebs. Uunda aRiniSnos, rom lokalizebuli gana-

Tebis sqema iSviaTad gamoiyeneba individualurad, sxva sqemebTan Seusaba-

meblad, radganac mas axasiaTebs SuqCrdilis maRali kontrastebi obieqtze.

igi Zalian kargad gadmogvcems gamosaxulebaze ganaTebul detalebs, magram

amave dros, gaunaTebel adgilebSi warmoiqmneba Rrma Crdilebi, es ki arc

ise sasurvelia. amitom aseT ganaTebas xSirad amateben Semavsebel ganaTe-

bas. Aaseve iSviaTad gamoiyeneba damoukideblad saerTo, gafantuli ganaTe-

bis sistemac. Ggarda im SemTxvevisa, roca obieqti unda iyos gamosaxuli

ekranze ferTa bunebrivi gradaciiT, romelime detalis SuqCrdilze xaz-

gausmelad.

saerTo Semavsebeli ganaTebis cifrobrivi raodenoba ganisazRvreba

rogorc mxatvruli moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad, aseve kadrebis saerTo

ganaTebiTa da kinofiris Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. Aase magaliTad:

kontrastuli firebi moiTxoven Crdilebis met ganaTebas, vidre rbili

22

firebi. Ggamosaxulebis ganaTebulobis maRal tonalobaSi misaRebad saWi-

roa, SuqiT Sevsebis done iyos maRali. Dda piriqiT, kadris dabali tona-

dobis misaRebad SuqiT Sevsebis done qveviT iwevs. feradi gadaRebisas es

done ufro maRalia, vidre Sav-TeTri gadaRebisas, imitom rom ferad gamo-

saxulebaSi Crdilebis gaunaTebloba iwvevs ferebis Zlier darRvevas

ekranze.

dauSvebelia operatorma yuradReba ar miaqcios Sevsebad ganaTebas,

Tumca aseT Secdomas xSirad uSveben xolme. maT hgoniaT, rom Tu obieqti

Sevsebulia gafantuli SuqiT, masTan arsebuli Suqis naxati dakargavs gamo-

saxulebaSi Tavis Tvisobriv gamomxatvelobas.

Semavsebeli ganaTebis ignorirebisas gamosaxuleba gamoiyureba kon-

trastulad, uxeSad, detalebi CrdilebSi daumuSavebelia.

raSi gamoixateba SuqTan muSaoba obieqtis ganaTebisas?

Cven ganvixileT ganaTebis saxeobebi, amitom axla advilad SegviZlia

gadaRebis obieqtze SevqmnaT Cvens mier winaswar dagegmili sinaTlis xa-

siaTi. AaseT SemTxvevaSi vaTavsebT ganaTebis aparaturas ganaTebis werti-

lisa da obieqtis mimarT sivrcis saWiro koordinatebSi.

konkretulad risgan unda daviwyoT Suqis dayeneba? girCevT Tavidan

daayenoT e.w. mxatavi sinaTlis wyaro, romelic Seqmnis saWiro Suqis nax-

ats. Ees operacia iwarmoeba firis mgrZnobelobis, obieqtivis diafragmisa

da kameris siCqaris gaTvaliswinebiT, romelTa urTierTkavSiriT miiReba

ganaTebis saWiro ricxvobrivi sidide. amis Semdeg SeiZleba daviwyoT Se-

mavsebeli ganaTebis dayeneba, raTa gamosaxulebaSi miviRoT damuSavebuli

Crdilebi. mimarTuli Suqis nakadebis da Semavsebeli Suqis SeTanxmebuli

muSaobis Sedegad vRebulobT gamosaxulebas, romlis kontrastuloba,

SuqCrdili da tonaloba Seesabameba gadaRebis mizans.

ganaTebis efeqtebi

Suqis mxatvruli efeqti aRadgens ekranze drois da moqmedebis xasiaTs,

warmoqmnis bunebrivi da xelovnuri ganaTebisTvis damaxasiaTebel suraTebs.

Mmagram rodesac viwyebT SuqTan muSaobas, saWiroa, winaswar ganvsazRvroT,

rogori iqneba kadris ganaTebis mdgomareoba. Mmas eqvemdebareba yvela ze-

moT moyvanili ganaTebis sistema, lokaluri ganaTebis garda, radgan igi

TviTon warmoadgens efeqts.

Suqis laqebi, anarekli kadrSi, Tavisi sikaSkaSiT rom dominirebs ga-

mosaxulebis sxva detalebze _ igive Suqis mxatvruli efeqtebia. moviyva-

noT ramdenime magaliTi. SuqTan muSaobisas Cven yovelTvis miviswrafiT,

SevinarCunoT ekranze gnaTebis ama Tu im efeqtis saerTo Strixebi. Uunda

gvaxsovdes, rom efeqtma ar unda daamaxinjos adamianis saxis gamometyvele-

ba, romelic unda gadmoices ekranze. Aamis Sesaxeb vilaparakebT ufro daw-

vrilebiT ganaTebis sxvadasxva calkeuli SemTxvevebis da maTi Sesrulebis

aRwerisas.

Ddinamiur gamosaxulebaSi Suqis saxeobis cneba ar aris mudmivi da

Seucvleli. is icvleba moZraobasTan erTad.

Ffaqtiurad, kameris moZraobiT gadaRebisas an TviT obieqtis moZrao-

bis dros kadris siRrmeSi erTi da igive adamiani SeiZleba naCvenebi iyos

23

sxvadasxva ganaTebiT. Suqis dacemis mimarTulebis Sesabamisad drois rome-

liRac momentSi igi SeZleba iyos saerTod gaunaTebeli an odnav ganaTe-

buli, rogorc es xdeba naxevarsiluetur ganaTebul obieqtebze, sadac

Crdilovani mxareebi naxevrad damuSavebulia.

kinogadaRebis meTodika moiTxovs pirveli planis scenis, uSualod

aparatTan axlos myofi ama Tu im obieqtis da fonis gancalkevebulad ga-

naTebis principis Sesrulebas.

SenobaSi sivrces gadmoscemen kontraJuruli da arekvladi sinaTlis

wyaroebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic kargad anaTeben haers, usvamen xazs im

nivTebis formis konturebs, romlebic imyofebian obieqtivis xedvis areSi.

Aamave dros isini qmnian Sereul da kontraJurul Suqs pirveli planis ob-

ieqtebze.

moZravi aparatiT gadaRebisas figuraze Crdilebis misanaTebeli si-

naTlis wyaros moTavseba SeiZleba pirdapir aparatis axlos moZrav sa-

ganze, romelic gadadgildeba kameris moZraobis paralelurad. Yyvelaferi

es warmoqmnis saukeTeso SesaZleblobas pirveli planis obieqtebze Crdi-

lebis ganaTebisTvis, kargad aSuqebs adamianis Tvalebs.

mxatvruli ganaTebis erT-erTi mTavari principia obieqtze sinaTlis

zemoqmedebiT garkveuli mxatvruli ferweruli gamosaxulebis Seqmna. vi-

cavT ra am pirobas, Cven vxelmZRvanelobT SuqTan muSaobis meTodikiT.

Ppirvel rigSi kargad unda gvaxsovdes Suqis saxeobebi, pirveli planisa da

fonis sxvadsxvagvarad ganaTebis aucilebloba, amocanis gadaWra rac SeiZ-

leba naklebi ganaTebis aparaturiT da maTi Suqis saxeobis mixedviT kla-

sifikacia ganaTebis sistemebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

roca SesaZlebelia, sinaTlis naxati saWiroa Seiqmnas ara marto ga-

naTebis aparaturis minimaluri ricxviT, aramed ganaTebis erTi wyaroTic,

romelic muSaobs farTo sxivze, badurebisa da Suqis gamfantvelebis ga-

reSe. saWiro ganaTebis miRwevisaTvis, umjobesia, movnaxoT aparatTan si-

naTlis wyaros daSorebis optimaluri manZili. Aar SeiZleba sinaTlis

wyaros pirdapir obieqtTan dayeneba, magaliTad, portretuli kaadrebis

gadaRebisas.

Ffrontaluri uCrdilo ganaTeba

sinaTlis dayenebis procesSi aucilebelia sworad SevafasoT ara mar-

to Suqis esa Tu is naxati, romelic iqmneba obieqtze, aramed SevafasoT

Suqis ricxvobrivi Tvisebebi da Crdilebis minaTebis siZlieris done ob-

ieqtze. araa saWiro fiqri, rom minaTeba “gaafuWebs’’ ganaTebis saintereso

suraTs. piriqiT, CrdilebSi detalebis damuSaveba mogvcems ekranze kadris

ukeTes siRrmes.

Suqis zedmeti darbileba an saxis zedmeti gadanaTeba sinaTlis nax-

atze sakmaod seriozuli Secdomaa, saxis zedmetad minaTebisas mcirdeba

misi moculoba, Tavs iCens kanis naklovanebebi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca

gadaReba midis grimis gareSe. aucilebelia moinaxos ganaTebis intesiuro-

bis zoma, romelic Seqmnis ekranze karg gamosaxulebas ara marto naxatiT,

aramed moculobriv-plastikuri TvisebebiTac. aq maSvelad unda movixmoT

24

eqsponometri da CavataroT sacdeli gadaRebebi imisaTvis, rom gavarkvioT

Tu rogor gadmoicema ama Tu im kadris tonaloba ekranze.

ganaTebis aparaturisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis codna ope-

ratoris profesiaSi erT-erTi mTavaria. saWiroa viqonioT gamaxvilebuli

alRo, vxedavdeT, Tu rogor xdeba bunebaSi sxvadasxva obieqtebis ganaTeba.

xelovnuri ganaTebis wyaroebi da maTi gamoyeneba

SenobaSi gadaRebis Sedegi bevradaa damokidebuli Suqis wyaroebTan

muSaobis xelovnebasTan. ganaTebis yvela wyaro SeiZleba klasificirebuli

iqnas or jgufad:

1)mimarTuli Suqis mowyobilobani. maT gaaCniaT gamonartyocni sxivebis

kona, romelic sivrceSi ganifanteba SedarebiT mcire kuTxiT 10_45 gradu-

samde.

2)gafantuli Suqis mowyobilobani. maTi gafantvis kuTxe farToa da Sead-

gens 130_160 graduss da metsac ki.

gadaRebis obieqtis ganaTebisas moixmareba orive saxis mowyobiloba-

ni. mimarTuli Suqis wyaroebi qmnian obieqtze kargad ganaTebul nakvTebs,

e.w. “Suqebs’’ da Rrma Sav Crdilebs.

Ggafantuli Suqis mowyobilobani ki, piriqiT, qmnian rbil, gadaSlil

Crdilebis konturebs an saerTod muSaoben uCrdilod.

Aaqedan gamomdinareobs sxvadasxva sinaTlis wyaroebis gamoyenebis

principebi. Aase magaliTad, Suqis efeqtebis Seqmnisas, sadac kargad Cans ga-

mosaxulebaSi Suqis laqebi, anareklebi,mkveTrad gamoxatuli naxati, saWi-

roa mimaTuli sinaTlis wyaros gamoyeneba. rbili, uCrdilo gamosaxulebis

misaRebaad, romelic organulad erwymis mimarTuli Suqis naxats, gamoiye-

neba gafantuli Suqis wyaroebi.

Gganxiluli meTodikis safuZvelze praqtikaSi rekomendirebulia gana-

Tebis sxvadasxva mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba. Suqis anarekli, ganaTebuli

laqebi da sxva efeqtebi xorcieldeba mimarTuli Suqis mowyobilobebiT,

romelTa gamosxiveba sxva ganaTebis aparatebis gamosxivebasTan SedarebiT

yovelTvis ufro Zlieria.

Crdilebis minaTeba aparatidan, obieqtze Suqis tonaluri naxati, fo-

nebis ganaTeba, sxvadasxva saganTa moculobis gamovlineba, agreTve Semavse-

beli ganaTeba xorcieldeba gafantuli Suqis wyaroebiT.

mimarTuli Suqis wyaroebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas ganaTebis

aparatura, romelic seriulad gamodis qarxnebidan e.w. proJeqtorebi.

Yyvela am proJeqtorSi aris frenelis kibisebri linza, romelic qmnis

Suqis laqas sinaTlis Tanaswori daklebiT centridan napirebisken.am xel-

sawyoebSi SeiZleba Suqis sxivis sifarTovis regulireba. Aamave dros ic-

vleba sinaTlis Zala, Storkebisa da tubusebis gamoynebiT, romlebic zRu-

daven sxivis sifarToves da formas.

Ggafantuli Suqis wyaroebad yvelaze ukeTesia e.w. sarkiani naTurebis

moxmarema.Aam naTurebTan muSaoba moiTxovs Semdegi wesebis dacvas: upir-

veles yovlisa, garkveuli feris temperaturis misaRebad, romelic sakmari-

sia feradi gadaRebis Casatareblad da Suqis intesiurobis gaZlierebisaT-

vis, naTurebi qselSi irTveba reostatis meSveobiT, romelic gvaZlevs sa-

25

Sualebas, gavaZlieroT an SevamciroT naTebis siZliere. naTurebis muSao-

bis xangrZlivobis vada varvarebis reJimis gareSe aris 700 saaTi. varvarebis

reJimSi muSaobis xangrZlivobis vada Zalian mcirdeba da udris ramodenime

saaTs. Amitom naTura did Zabvaze SeerTebuli unda iqnes mxolod gadaRebis

momentSi. radgan naTurebi muSaoben varvarebis reJimSi da maTi Suqis Zala

sakmaod didia, es gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, miviRoT ganaTebis maRali done,

rac gamoricxavs ramodenime naTuris gamoyenebis saWiroebas.

ganaTebis aparaturis dayeneba

ganaTebis aparaturis SenobaSi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, pirvel rigSi,

aucilebelia,SeirCes am aparaturis ganlagebis optimaluri variantebi, ra-

Ta miRweul iqnas winaswar Cafiqrebuli sinaTlis xasiaTi (efeqti).

erT-erTi aseTi variantia, roca gasanaTebeli mowyobilobebi ganla-

gebulia Senobis zeda nawilSi, gadasaRebi scenis odnav zemoT. praqtikaSi

SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas maRali Stativebi, Sverilebi, sxvadasxva kon-

struqciis anZebi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania zemoT damagrebuli iqnas

kontraJuruli, amreklavi da gverdiTi ganaTebis aparatura, raTa Tavi da-

vizRvioT kadrSi maTi moxvedrisgan. zeda nawilSi dayenebuli sinaTlis

wyaroebiT SeiZleba ganaTdes ara marto pirveli planis scena, aramed ked-

lebi, iataki, sxvadasxva nivTebi.

gamnaTebeli aparaturis dayenebisas saWiroa, gvaxsovdes, rac ufro ax-

los imyofebian isini gasanaTebel obieqtTan, miT nakleb simaRleze unda

damontaJdes, vidre is aparatura, romelic obieqtidan ufro daSorebulia.

scenis, sadac imyofeba adamiani, ganaTebisas iswrafian miiRon Suqis

dacemis kuTxe gasanaTebel obieqtze daaxloebiT 35-45 gradusi. Cveulebriv,

oTaxis zeda nawilSi ganlagebuli ganaTebis aparaturis Suqs avseben ia-

takze dayenebuli ganaTebis aparaturis SuqiT. Eesenia mowyobilobani

Crdilebis misanaTeblad da fonis gamnaTeblebi.

Suqis wyaroebi, romlebiTac miiReba ganaTebis efeqtebi, idgmeba iq,

saidanac yvelaze ufro mosaxerxebelia sasurveli ganaTebis efeqtis mi-

Reba.

Yyovelgvari konstruqciis ganaTebis aparaturasTan muSaobisas, ga-

naTebis dayenebis procesSi ara marto pouloben sivrceSi aparaturis

dayenebis adgils, aramed iTvaliswineben aparaturis ganaTebis siZlieris

da xarisxis regulaciis SesaZleblobebs. Eesenia:

1)obieqtsa da Suqis wyaros Soris manZilis Secvla. obieqtTan mo-

wyobilobis miaxloebisas ganaTeba Zlierdeba, daSorebisas mcirdeba.

2) xelsawyos sxivis sifarTovis Secvla. Mmxolod im proJeqtorebSi,

romelTac aqvT sifarTovis regulirebis SesaZlebloba, rac ufro far-

Toa sxivi, miT naklebia xelsawyos Suqis Zala.

3) Zlieri ganaTebis wyaroebis naklebad ZlieriT Secvla da piri-

qiT.

4)ganaTebis aparaturis Zabvis Secvla. Zabvis Semcireba amcirebs Su-

qis Zalis Semcirebas da erTdroulad feris temperaturas. cvlis Suqis

speqtralur Semadgenlobas. Ees unda gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas ferad

firze gadaRebisas, radgan Zabvis Semcirebisas gamosxivebis feri xdeba

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mowiTalo-moyviTalo. Zabvis gadidebisas qselSi Suqis Zala matulobs

da matulobs feris temperaturac. Ggamosxivebis feri xdeba moTeTro.

5) ganaTebis aparaturaze da misi Suqis mimarTulebaze obieqtis win

sxvadasxva xelsawyoebis moTavseba.

aseTi mowyobilobebia badeebi, Suqfiltrebi da damaCrdileblebi.

zogierT ganaTebis mowyobilobas gaaCnia tubusebi da Storkebi. Yyvela

maTgans didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan gvaZleven SesaZleblobas, movax-

dinoT ganaTebis wyaros sinaTlis Tvisebebis regulacia. axla SemogTa-

vazebT am mowyobilobebis daxasiaTebas.

1)badeebi. Mmzaddeba sxvadasxva qsovilisgan, romelic gaJRenTilia xan-

ZarsawinaaRmdego xsnariT. Bbadeebi Sedgeba qsovilis erTi an ramdenime fe-

nisgan. ganaTebis wyaroebze badeebis moTavseba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom

bade STanTqavs gamosxivebuli Suqis nawils, magram ar cvlis sxivis mimar-

Tulebas.

2)Suqfiltrebi. Ggamoiyeneba feradi gadaRebisas. AaZleven garkveul fers

gamosxivebul Suqs, radganac xdeba sxividan zogierTi feris gamoricxva. ga-

naTebis Suqfiltrebi, maTi simkvrivis Sesabamisad, akaveben 30-dan 70% Suqis

nakads. Suqfiltrebi, TavianTi muSaobis stuqturidan gamomdi-

nare,klasificirdeba or ZiriTad saxeobad:

1. eE.w. sakompensacio filtrebi (ZiriTadad, sxvadasxva jeradobis yviTe-

li da lurji filtrebi). sakompensacio filtrebis gamoyeneba savaldebu-

loa im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac operatori saerTo sinaTlis dayenebisas sar-

geblobs rogorc xelovnuri, ise bunebrivi sinaTlis wyaroebiT. Aam

SemTxvevaSi filtrebis gamoyenebiT xdeba am sinaTleebis feris temperatu-

ris dabalanseba anu erT ferze moyvana.

2) konkretuli ferebis matarebeli filtrebi, romlebic gamoscemen

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli feris sinaTles. Ees filtrebi ZiriTadad gamoiye-

neba sinaTlis garkveuli efeqtis misaRebad. Aam filtrebs sxvagvarad efeq-

turi filtrebi ewodeba.

SesaZlebelia Teatraluri scenebis gasanaTeblad gankuTvnili feradi

Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba kinogadaRebisTvis. Mmagram maT, umravles

SemTxvevaSi, gaaCniaT Zlier uxeSi feri. Aamitom maTTan muSaoba

sifrTxiles moiTxovs, raTa ar miviRoT ekranze uxeSi, aramxatvruli ga-

mosaxuleba.

3)damaCrdileblebi. maT aTavseben sinaTlis sxivis moZraobis mimarTule-

biT, rac qmnis gadasaReb obieqtze mkveTR sazRvars obieqtis ganaTebul da

Crdilovan mxareebs Soris. isini SeiZleba damzaddes sxvadasxva masalisgan:

fanera, kartoni, Savi naWeri, marla da a.S. da gaaCniaT mravalnairi forma,

radganac gadaWimuli arian sxvadasxva samagrebze rogorc stacionalurze,

ise mobilurze. Suqisa da Crdilis sazRvari obieqtze miT ufro mkveTria,

rac ufro mimarTulia Suqi da rac ufro axlos imyofeba damaCrdilebeli

obieqtTan.

ganaTebis aparatura

ganaTebis efeqtebis miReba xelovnuri ganaTebis wyaroebis meSveobiT,

ar gaxlavT advili amocana da moiTxovs did yuradRebas da gamocdilebas.

27

Uupirveles yovlisa, ganaTebis aparaturis meSveobiT Seqmnili ganaTebis

efeqti unda pasuxobdes siuJetis, scenaris amocanas. es SeiZleba iyos mzis,

mTvaris, sanTlis, naTuris Suqis efqti. maT Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba gana-

Tebis aparaturis ori tipi.

1)mowyobilobani, romelic gankuTvnilia kadris gareT arsebuli Suqis

wyaros efeqtis imitaciisTvis (mag: SenobaSi SemoWrili mzis Suqis efeqti).

Eesenia mimarTuli Suqis xelsawyoebi. maT win SeiZleba sxvadasxva formis

niRbebis dayeneba, raTa mieces Suqs Taviseburi moxazuloba (mag: fanjris

konstruqciis imitaciisTvis).

niRbebs aTavseben ganaTebis wyaros sxivis gzaze, rac SemdegSi gvaZlevs

gadasaRebi obieqtis fonze garkveuli sagnebis Crdilebs. Aam Crdilis gamo-

saxulebis zoma iqneba miT meti, rac ufro axlos iqneba niRabi sinaTlis

wyarosTan, magram miT ufro bundovani iqneba misi gamosaxulebis konture-

bi.

Tumca, ukve damuSavebulia mowyobilobebis konstruqciebi, romlebic

gvaZleven saSualebas ubralod da martivad miviRoT Suqis laqis mkveTri

naxati saWiro formiTa da zomiT. Eesenia e.w. saproeqcio mowyobilobani

mimarTuli Suqis wyaroTi. isini SeiZleba Seiqmnas nebismieri proJeqtoris

bazaze. Mmcire zomis saWiro formis models aTavseben specialur CarCoSi,

naxatis gamosaxulebas aproecireben saWiro kuTxiT da sididiT ganaTebul

zedapirze. Oobieqtivis linzis gadaadgilebiT, misi fokusirebiT SeiZleba

miviRoT proecirebuli konturebis naxatisa da Suqis laqebis sxvadsxva

simkveTre.

2) ganaTebis mowyobiloba kadrSi myofi ganaTebis wyaroebis Suqis imita-

ciisTvis. aseTebia: magidis sanaTi,torSeri,WaRi, sanTeli da a.S. ganaTebis

am mowyobilobebs ar SeuZliaT TviTon Seqmnan saWiro ganaTebis efeqtis

Suqi, amitom kadrSi maTi dublireba xdeba mimarTuli Suqis aparaturis

meSveobiT. kadrSi myofi es mowybilobani asruleben mxolod damaxasiaTe-

beli Suqis laqis movaleobas. maT uerTeben reostatebs, raTa SesaZlebeli

gaxadon sinaTlis raodenobis regulireba.

ganaTebis mTavari sqemebi

dRis ganaTebis Seqmnis teqnika

SenobaSi gadaRebisas ganaTebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli xerxia dRis si-

naTlis imitacia.dRis sinaTlis efeqtis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa SenobaSi

arsebuli sagnebis mkveTad gadmocema, gamosaxulebis saerTo maRali tona-

loba, kadrSi kargad ganaTebuli zedapirebis miReba, TiTqos mzis Semo-

Wrili sxivebisgan warmoqmnili anareklebis da Suqis laqebis arseboba.

Ggafantuli Suqis didi raodenobiTa da gadasaRerb obieqtze sinaTlis

maRali donis Sedegad gamosaxulebaSi Crdilebi Savad ar gveCveneba. isini

kargad arian ganaTebuli gafantuli sxivebiT.

Ppirvel plansa da fons Soris ganaTebis intervalic ar aris didi.

dRis ganaTebis efeqtisas gansakuTrbiT kargad unda gamovlindes ekranze

gadasaRebi obieqtis gamosaxulebaSi forma, faqtura,sivrce da feri, Tu ga-

daReba feradia.

28

SenobaSi Rrubliani amindis efeqtis Seqmnisas gamosaxulebis kontras-

ti SedarebiT dabalia, magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad oTaxis ga-

naTebuli fanjrebis fonze gadaRebisas, gamosaxulebis sikaSkaSis inter-

valma kadrSi SeiZleba miaRwios sakmaod did simaRles. Rrubliani dRis

efeqts axasiaTebs gafantuli sxivebis didi raodenoba.

gTavazobT muSaobis procesis Tanmimddevrobas obieqtze mzis Suqis

imitaciisTvis. Tavdapirvelad idgmeva mimarTuli Suqis wyaro (kinopro-

Jeqtori), romelic qmnis obieqtze mzis Suqis naxats. Mmis muSaobas Tavidan

akontroleben TvaliT, Semdeg ki saWiroa ganaTebis siZlieris Sesabamiso-

bis dadgena firis SuqmgrZnobelobasTan da obieqtivis mocemul diafrag-

masTan. Semdeg ayeneben gafantul ganaTebas kadris calkeuli detalebis da-

muSavebisa da Crdilebis ganaTebisaTvis. Mmzian dReSi gafantuli Suqis

saerTo raodenoba unda iyos sakmaod didi. Suqis dayenebis damamTavrebeli

fazaa figurebisa da saxeebis ganaTeba, sxvadasxva saxis SuqiT dekoraciis

formebisa da sivrcis gadmocema. saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom Suqis dayeneba

iwyeba fonebis ganaTebiT da mTavrdeba pirvel planze sinaTleebis ganla-

gebiT. Ees dagvexmareba erT fonze gadaRebuli saxadasxa kadris montaJis

dros. isini ar iqnebian gansxvavebuli erTmaneTisgan arc Suqis naxatiT da

arc planebis saerTo tonalobiT.

Mmzis efeqti anu naturaluri mzis sinaTle xSirad gamoiyeneba, roca

gadaReba mimdinareobs sacxovrebeli binebis oTaxebSi, klubebsa da sxva bu-

nebriv interierebSi. aseTi gadaRebebi Semofarglulia drois garkveuli

periodiT, radgan dRis ganmavlobaSi mze ramdenjerme icvlis Tavisi naTe-

bis mimarTulebas gadasaRebi obieqtis mimarT. Ees moiTxovs mzis mier bu-

nebrivi ganaTebis momentis amorCevas. xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac SenobaSi

saerTod ar Semodis mzis mimarTuli sxivi, magaliTad, roca fanjrebi gan-

lagebulia CrdiloeTis mxridan, magram oTaxi ganaTebulia mzis gafantuli

SuqiT.

Aase rom, rodesac mzis Suqis naxati oTaxSi SerCeulia, saWiroa gava-

naToT Crdilebi da sxva nivTebi xelovnuri ganaTebis wyaroebiT. Uufro

dawvrilebiT es procesi aRwerilia bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebSi gadaRe-

bisadmi miZRvnil TavSi.

Uunda aRiniSnos, rom mzis Suqis laqebi ar unda ecemodes adamianis fi-

gurebs da gansakuTrebiT saxeebs, sasurvelia isini anaTebdnen oTaxis ked-

lebs, iataks, fanjrebs. gadRebis eqspozicia SerCeuli unda iyos ise, rom

Suqis kaSkaSa laqebi da Rrma Crdilebi lagdebodes kinofiris fotografi-

uli sifarTovis intervalSi. ganaTebis zusti eqspoziciis dasadgenad iRe-

ben sakontrolo kadrebs.

ganaTebis dayenebisas Suqis kontroli xdeba Tvalis meSveobiT, mxed-

velobiTi SefasebiT, magram misi firis mgrZnobelobasTan dakavSireba xde-

ba fotoeleqtruli eqsponometris meSveobiT. Aamitom obieqtze arCeven

ramdenime sakontrolo wertils. yvelaze xSirad sakontrolo wertilebad

gamoiyeneba admianis saxe da dekoraciis yvelaze naTeli an yvelaze gauna-

Tebeli adgilebi. Ees gaTvlebi, ZiriTadad, tardeba filmis gadaRebis mo-

samzadebel periodSi.

Eeqsponometriuli gaangariSebebi iwarmoeba sinaTlis gazomvis ori

ZiriTadi meTodiT.pirveli, rodesac eqspoziciis gamoTvla xdeba obieqtze

29

dacemuli da Semdeg areklili sinaTlis raodenobis mixedviT anu eqspozi-

ciis gazomva obieqtis sikaSkaSis mixedviT; da meore, rodesac vzomavT

obieqtisken momaval sinaTles, anu eqspoziciis gamoTvla xdeba obieqtis

ganaTebulobis mixedviT.

sakmaod rTulia, gadaRebis dros dRis efeqtis aRdgenisas ekranze miRE-

bul gamosaxulebaSi mziani an moRrubluli amindis STabeWdilebis gaadm-

moccema. es STabeWdileba iqmneba obieqtze SuqCrdilis saWiro balansis

dayenebiT, fonisa da pirveli planis tonalobis saTanado balansirebiT.

saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom obieqtma, romelsac ar gaaCnia SuqCrdiliani

kontrastebi da ganaTebulia SedarebiT Tanabrad, SeiZleba mogvces ekranze

moRrubluli dRis STabeWdileba. Mmagram mxolod erTi ganaTebuli, kaSkaSa

anareklis “dadeba’’ amave obieqtze, imave ganaTebiT, qmnis mziani dRis STa-

beWdilebas. aseTi garkveuli sikaSkaSisa da formis anareklis damateba ga-

mosaxulebaze, aiZulebs am ukanasknels, gamoCndes ekranze, rogorc mzis Su-

qiT ganaTebuli. ra Tqma unda, aseTi Sedegis misaRebad, saWiroa praqtika,

zemoT moyvanili meTodikebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

Oobieqtis ganaTebis meTodika saRamos an Ramis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad

saRamos an Ramis ganaTebis efeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia obieqtis

ganaTebul nawilebsa da Crdilovan mxareebs Soris maRali kontrastuloba.

daCrdiluli adgilebis didi sivrce, SuqCrdilis specifiuri naxati. aseTi

efeqtis miReba xdeba SuqCrdilis saWiro balansis SeqmniT da ara negatiuri

firis simkvrivis SemcirebiT, an simkvrivis gadidebiT. saWiroa gvaxsovdes,

rom adamianis saxis ganaTeba gaSuqebul nawilebSi erTnairi unda iyos ro-

gorc dRis, ase Ramis efeqtebis gadaRebisas.

Oobieqtis gadaRebisaTvis momzadebis dros, ganaTeba ise unda iyos

SerCeuli, rom miviRoT ganaTebis maRali sikaSkaSis intervali obieqtis

sxvadasxva nawilebs Soris, firis Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

xSirad gadaRebisas kadrSi imyofeba ganaTebis sxvadasxva mowyobilo-

bani (magidis sanaTuri,WaRi, sanTeli), romlebic TviTon arian gadaRebis

obieqtebi. es qmnis moTxovnas, daviyvanoT operatiuli ganaTebis naxati

Suqis im xasiaTamde, romelsac warmoqmnis ganaTebis obieqti bunebriv pi-

robebSi.

erTi SexedviT gveCveneba, rom muSaobis saukeTeso meTodi aris gada-

Rebis Catareba Suqis naturaluri wyaros meSveobiT.

maRalmgrZnobiare firebi gvaZleven saSulebas, gadaReba vawarmooT

mcire ganaTebisa da maRali kontrastebis pirobebSi. ganaTebis es wyaroebi

Seqmnian ekranze ganaTebis bunebriv efeqts, magram ver uzrunvelyofen Cveni

mxatvruli da teqnikuri amocanis gadawyvetas. Aamitom gadaRebisas saWi-

roa, bunebrivi ganaTebis koreqtireba da xelovnur ganaTebasTan SeTavseba.

Nnaturaluri ganaTebis efeqti xSirad auSnoebs adamianis saxis nakv-

Tebs, xdis maT Znelad gamosacnobs, amitom xSirad ganaTebis am efeqts

ukeTeben dublirebas da avseben mas kinoganaTebis ama Tu im sistemiT.

gadaRebisas dRis an Ramis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad Tavidan ayeneben Suqis

wyaroebs, romlebic ukeTeben dublirebas kadrSi arsebul ganaTebis wya-

roebs. amasTan SeiZleba sakmaod Zlierad davarRvioT am ukanasknelis Suqis

30

bunebrivi efeqti. Ees SeiZleba gmowveuli iqnas mxatvruli mosazrebebiT da

gadaRebis obieqtis formidan gamomdinare.

Aase magaliTad, adamianis saxis ganaTebisas sanTlis Suqis imitaciiT,

uazroba iqneboda migveRwia saxeze zustad iseTi efeqtis imitaciisTvis,

romelsac qmnis sanTeli. Aam SemTxvevaSi gamosaxulebaSi miviRebdiT uzar-

mazari Savi CrdilebiT damaxinjebul saxes. Mmocemuli efeqtiT ganaTebisas

ki, SegviZlia gamosaxulebaSi SevinarCunoT sanTlis SuqisTvis damaxasia-

Tebeli niSnebi, rogoricaa mkveTri SuqCrdilis suraTi. SeiZleba adamianis

saxeze Crdilebis odnav ganaTeba ekranze detalebis misaRebad. Mmagram

Crdilebis metismeti darbilebac saSiSia, SeiZleba dairRves misaRebi gana-

Tebis efeqtis STabeWdileba.

adamianis figuris ganaTebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas kontra-

Juruli Suqi, romelic naTeli konturiT gamohofs gadaREbis obieqtis pir-

veli planis detalebs.

kontraJurul Suqs aqvs meorexarisxovani daniSnuleba da mis mier ga-

naTebul kadris nawilebs ar unda hqondeT efeqtis Sedegad warmoqmnili

Suqis laqebsa da ganaTebul detalebze meti sikaSkaSe. kontraJuruli Suqi

anaTebs garkveul sivrces da qmnis gamosaxulebis haerovnebis iluzias

ekranze, acalkevebs pirveli planis figurebsa da nivTebs fonisgan.

Aadamianis saxis, figuris da sxva gadasaRebi obieqtebis moculobis ga-

mosavlenad, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas frontaluri an diagonaluri ga-

naTeba, romelic gadaRebis obieqtis mimarT zemodanaa mimarTuli 15-45

gradusiani kuTxiT. Aaseve SeiZleba gamoviyenoT kinoaparatis mxridan mi-

marTuli ganaTebis wyaroebi. sinaTlis aseTi wyaroebi SeiZleba anaTebdnen

obieqts sxva wertilebidan, vidre ganaTebis efeqtis misaRebi sinaTlis

wyaroebi. ganaTebis es xelsawyoebi Suqis efeqtisaTvis asruleben e.w. nia-

dagis rols da obieqtze qmnian mTavari Suqis efeqtis naxatze gacilebiT

naklebi sididis ganaTebas. magaliTad, aseT ganaTebas SeuZlia Seqmnas ob-

ieqtis naxevarsilueturi ganaTebis xasiaTi mcire saerTo tonalobiT, ro-

melzec kargad Cans mkafio Suqis naxati. es Suqi ar arRvevs ganaTebis efeq-

tis STabeWdilebas, magram gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, ekranze mkafiod vaCve-

noT moqmedebis amsaxveli detalebi an saxeebis gamometyveleba. (25-e nax-

atze naCvenebia adamianis saSualo planis ganaTebis sqema sanTlis Suqis

imitaciiT).

Fferadi gadaRebisas didi mniSvneloba aqvs ganaTebis efeqtis Seferi-

lobis amorCevas. sxvadasxva ferebTan dakavSirebuli STabeWdileba iqmneba

ara marto TviTon kadrSi myofi ganaTebis wyaros da misi Suqis dublire-

bis meSveobiT, aramed, umTavresad, gadaRebis obieqtis daCrdiluli nawile-

bis feradi minaTebis saSualebiT. Uunda veridoT uxeS, kaSkaSa Suqis ana-

reklebs, romelTac SeuZliaT daarRvion ganaTebis mxatvruli efeqti.

kadrSi myofi sinaTlis wyaros sikaSkaSe unda iyos zomieri, raTa Ta-

vidan aviciloT parazituli sinaTlis moxvedra obieqtivSi, romelic mo-

mavalSi warmoSobs negatiur kinofirze arasasurvel bundovanebas.

gamosaxulebaSi SeiZleba dagvWirdes fonze Crdilebis moZraoba, ami-

saTvis saWiroa, fonis gasanaTebeli sinaTlis wyaros win moTavsdes ada-

mianis figura, romelic imoZravebs pirveli planis obieqtis moZraobis

31

Tanmimdevrulad. Mmcire uzustobasa da gadaxras am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelo-

ba ara aqvs.

mkveTrad SemosazRvruli Crdilebisa da sufTa Suqis naxatis misaRebad

gamoiyeneba SedarebiT Zlieri wertilovani sinaTlis wyaroebi. Ees SeiZ-

leba iyos gaxsnili varvarebis naTura 1-3 kilovatamde, romelic muSaobs

yovelgvari optikis gareSe da moTavsebulia damcav korpusSi, romelic

naTuris Suqs ar cvlis.

sxvadasxva samontaJo kadrebisgan Semdgari scenis gadaRebisas ganaTe-

bis efeqti yvelaze zustad unda gadmovceT saerTo planSi, gansxvavebuli

maStabis planebis gadaRebisas ki, saWiroa, kadrSi SevinarCunoT mxolod

saerTo planSi gamoyenebuli ganaTebis efeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ana-

rekli an Suqis laqa. Ees gvaZlevs saSualebas, SeuzRudavad vimuSaoT gana-

Tebis aparaturiT, romelic saWiroa saerTo planis gadaRebisaTvis.

Gganxiluli SemTxvevebis sakontrolo eqsponometria keTdeba siuJe-

turad mniSvnelovan obieqtebze, raTa es obieqtebi ekranze gadmovceT sa-

Wiro tonalobiT da fonTan tonaluri SefardebiT.

Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom saRamos an Ramis efeqtebiT gadarebuli gamo-

saxulebis ekranze misaRebad saWiroa, ara negativis mcire simkvrive, aramed

sinaTlis saWiro balansi pirvel plansa da fons Soris da gadaRebis ob-

ieqtis detalebis kontrastulobis SenarCuneba Suqebsa da Crdilebs Soris.

aseTi tipis gadaRebis Tavisebureba gamoixateba imiT, rom saWiroa

zusti eqsponometriuli gaTvla gadaRebis sawarmoeblad, raTa maqsimalu-

rad movixmaroT firis sasargeblo fotografiuli sifarTove ekranze wi-

naswar dagegmili tonalobis misaRebed.

gadaRebisas kadrSi sinaTlis wyaros yofnisas, igi eqsponometriul ga-

moTvlaSi ar monawileobs. misi sikaSkaSe da gamosaxulebis sxva detaleb-

Tan Sefardeba xdeba xedviTi SefasebiT.

radganac obieqtebis gadaRebisas, sadac saWiroa saRamos an Ramis efeq-

tebis Seqmna, kadrSi daCrdilul da bnel zedapirebs gaaCniaT didi farTo-

bi, eqsponometriuli kontrolis erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa Crdilebis mi-

nimalurad daSvebuli simkvrivis miReba da gafantuli Suqis regulireba,

romelic mogvcems am simkvrives.

specialuri Suqis efeqtebis gadaRebis meTodika da ganaTebis

dayenebis teqnika

aseT efeqtebad iTvleba:

1)xanZris, koconis, anTebuli buxris Suqis imitacia.

2)afeTqebis, elvis da sxva Suqis gaelvebis imitacia

3)kadrSi moZraobis an nebismieri ganaTebis Secvlis imitacia. amas SeiZle-

ba davamatoT Suqis anTebis an Caqrobis iluzia, kadrSi myofi sinaTlis

wyaros adgilmdebareobis Secvla, anareklebisa da Suqis laqebis moZrao-

ba,mag: avtomobilSi, matarebelSi gadaRebisas...

Ppirveli da meore amocanebis gadaWra moiTxovs specialuri Suqis

efeqtebis winaswar damuSavebas. Aamocanebi, romlebic mesame punqtSia moy-

vanili, moiTxoven ganaTebis aparaturaze damatebiTi mowyobilobebis da-

magrebas

32

ganvixiloT ramdenime efeqtis magaliTi. vTqvaT, gvesaWiroeba mivi-

RoT elvis efeqti. elvis Suqi naTuriT ganaTebul oTaxSi iWreba fanjri-

dan. Aam SemTxvevaSi Tavs iyris ori efeqti _ naTuris da elvis Suqebis.

amasTan elvis efeqti Zalian xanmoklea da eqvemdebareba naTuris efeqts,

romlis Suqzec xdeba moqmedeba kadrSi.

ganvixiloT sxva magaliTi _ manqanis moZraobis efeqtis gadaReba. mo-

Zravi fonis gamoyeneba avtomobilis fanjrebs gareT da misi ritmuli mo-

Zraobac ki ar mogvcems moZraobis namdvil STabeWdilebas, Tu gamoyenebu-

li ar iqneba moZravi Suqis efeqti, anu Suqis laqebi, romlebic moZraoben

figurebsa da sagnebze avtomobilis SigniT da gareT.

aseTi obieqti Tavdapirvelad naTdeba wina TavebSi moyvanili ganaTe-

bis meTodikis mixedviT, gamosaxulebaSi maTi moculobiTi formebis gamo-

savlineblad da saWiro tonalobis misaRebad. moZravi anareklebisa da Su-

qis laqebis SeqmniT mTavrdeba aseTi obieqtebis ganaTebis sistemis damon-

taJeba. oRond, es ukanaskneli ar unda izidavdes mayureblis yuradRebas da

ar unda amaxinjebdes saxeebsa da nivTebis formebs.

specialuri efeqtis misaRebad saWiro sinaTlis TiToeuli wyaros

(garda elvisa da afeTqebisa) dublireba xdeba specialurad dadgmuli gana-

Tebis aparaturis meSveobiT. Eelvis Suqis wyarod SeiZleba gamoyenebuli

iqnas ori naxSiris Cxiri, romlebic saimedodaa damagrebuli da SeerTebu-

lia balastur reostatTan. naxSirebis SeerTebiT an daSorebiT SeiZleba

miviRoT damakmayofilebeli gaelvareba eleqtruli rkalisa, romlis Suqi

fanjarasa da gadaRebis obieqtze mogvcems elvisTvis damaxasiaTebel gana-

Tebas drois mcire monakveTSi.

saWiroa gvaxsovdes, Ria eleqtruli rkali saSiSia mxedvelobisTvis,

ar SeiZleba masze cqera specialuri damcavi saTvaleebis gareSe.

xanZris alis imitacia xdeba madublirebeli sinaTlis wyarosa da

namdvili alis sinaTlis SeTavsebiT. saerTod als Rebuloben zeTiT an

navTiT gaJRenTili bambis anTebiT. mas aTavseben sinaTlis wyaros win. Aa-

seT SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sinaTlis wyaros dayenebis is zemoTmoyvanili

meTodebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia kadrSi myofi raime sinaTlis wyaros

efeqtis misaRebad (mag: anTebuli sanTlis efeqti).

xolo, rodesac sakuTriv xanZari ar Cans kadrSi, xanZris efeqtis dub-

lirebisaTvis saWiroa sinaTlis wyaros win moTavsdes zolebad daWrili

qaRaldis “farda’’, romlis specialuri mowyobilobiT afrialeba mogvcems

obieqtze Suqis cimcimis efeqts.

Yyoveli gadaRebisas, sadac gamoiyeneba cecxli, mniSvnelovania xanZar-

sawinaaRmdego zomebis dacva da specialistebTan konsultacia.

Aelvis efeqtis imitaciis Seqmnisas sinaTlis wyaros sikaSkaSe unda

imyofebodes eqsponometriul normebSi, ar ascdes sikaSkaSis zeda inter-

vals, romelic dadgenilia mocemuli firisTvis. saerTod, alis Suqis efeq-

ti aris kadris yvelaze kaSkaSa nawili.

Mmsxvili portretuli kadrebis gadaRebisas specialuri sinaTlis

efeqtebiT adamianis saxis ganaTeba eqvemdebareba saxis ganaTebis im dadge-

nil principebs, rac aucilebelia winaswar Cafiqrebuli saxasiaTo portre-

tis misaRebad.

33

moZravi Suqis efeqti moyvanilia pirvel naxazze. Mmis Sesaqmnelad ga-

moiyeneba mimarTuli Suqis wyaroebi, romelTa winac yendeba nasvretebiani

moZravi barabani, romelic warmoqmnis obieqtze moZrav Crdilebs.

Suqis cimcimis efeqtis misaRebad SeiZleba visargebloT ganaTebis mo-

wyobilobis ubralo ritmuli SetrialebiT, rodesac es ukanaskneli qmnis

saWiro Suqis laqebsa da anareklebs. Aam anareklebis eqsponometriuli Se-

faseba xdeba iseve, rogorc Cveulebrivi gadaRebisas, rodesac gamoiyeneba

ganaTebis efeqtebi. oRond, eqsponometriis dros Suqis moZraoba Cerdeba.

Qqronikaluri siuJetebis gadaReba xelovnuri ganaTebiT

AaseTi siuJetebis gadaRebis gansxvavebul Tvisebad iTvleba Suqis wi-

naswari organizaciis da agebis SeuZlebloba. gadaRebis am SemTxvevebs be-

vri saerTo aqvT naturaze gadaRebasTan, rodesac ar gagvaCnia SesaZleblo-

ba da dro, amovirCioT gadaRebis momenti.

Qqronikalur-reportaJuli gadaRebis obieqtebi xelovnuri ganaTebiT

gadaRebisas SeiZleba gayofili iqnes sam jgufad:

1)obieqtebi, romelTa gadasaRebad ar aris saWiro specialuri ganaTeba.

mag: sxdomaTa darbazebi, Teatraluri scenebi, sakoncerto darbazebi. aseT

interierebSi arsebobs kinogadaRebisTvis sakmarisi sinaTlis odenoba.

Tanamedrove maRalmgrZnobiare firebiT gadaRebisas SeiZleba miviRoT

normaluri gamosaxuleba Suqis mcire raodenobis drosac ki. am SemTxvevaSi

mTavari roli eniWeba ara ganaTebis dayenebas mocemul pirobebSi Semoqme-

debiTi amocanis gadasaWrelad, aramed gadaRebis wertilis amorCevas, pla-

nis simsxviles, moqmedebis moments da a.S.

2)obieqtebi, romelTa gadaReba SeiZleba mxolod xelovnuri sinaTlis

wyaroebiT. Ees xdeba bnel SenobebSi an Ramis gadaRebebisas, rodesac ar

gagvaCnia sakmarisi bunebrivi ganaTeba. gadaRebis dawyebamde rekomendire-

bulia davaTvalieroT gadaRebis adgili, movifiqroT, Tu sad unda daidgas

sinaTlis wyaro. ganaTebis aparatura idgmeva iseT adgilebSi, sadac mosax-

erxebelia maTi ganlageba ise, rom xeli ar SeuSalon moqmedebis ganviTa-

rebas. Aase magaliTad, uazrobaa aparaturis darbazis centrSi moTavseba.

Qqronikaluri gadaRebisas ganaTebas ar aqvs Tavisi mxatvruli mizani,

igi emsaxureba moqmedebis dokumenturad gadmocemas, gvaZlevs teqnikur Se-

saZleblobas CavataroT kinogadaReba.

3)obieqtebi, romelTa gadaRebis drosac gamoiyeneba bunebrivi ganaTe-

ba, magram aucilebelia xelovnuri ganaTebis daxmareba, Tu bunebrivi gana-

Teba ara aris sakmarisi gadaRebisTvis. mag: SenobaSi dRisiT warmoebuli

kinogadaRebisas, rodesac Semodis Suqi fanjrebidan an SuSis Weridan.

SenobaSi xelovuri ganaTebis wyaroebiT muSaobisas, rogorc gadaRebis

dros naturaze, unda vecadoT, SevinarCunoT bunebrivi ganaTebis efeqti da

xelovnuri sinaTle gamoviyenoT Semavsebeli sinaTlis wyaros rolSi.

SenobaSi qronikaluri gadaRebis eqsponometria mcired gansxvavdeba

Suqis kontrolisgan naturaze gadaRebis dros. yvela SemTxvevaSi opera-

tori adgens eqspozicias siuJeturad mTavar obieqtze. yoveli qronikalu-

ri gadaRebebis aucilebel pirobad iTvleba mTavari obieqtis normalurad

34

eqsponirebuli gamosaxulebis miReba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac gadaReba

iwarmoeba ganaTebis cud pirobebSi.

mcire qronokaluri siuJetebis gadaRebisaTvis patara zomis SenobaSi,

sadac ar aris saSualeba daidgas Cveulebrivi ganaTebis mowyobiloba, re-

komendirebulia akumulatorebiT mkvebavi dabali Zabvis sarkisebri naTure-

bi. Aam SemTxvevaSi pirveli planisa da fonis gasanaTeblad sinaTlis wya-

ros zeda wertilidan marTavs gamnaTebeli. Ffonis ganaTebis wyaro SeiZ-

leba daidgas iatakze, mTavari sinaTlis wyaro, romelic anaTebs obieqts,

imyofeba kamerasTan. igi SeiZleba Tavad operators eWiros. zogierT

SemTxvevaSi, roca ar gvyavs damxmare personali, SeiZleba SemovifargloT

sinaTlis erTi wyaroTic, romelic SeiZleba damagrdes kameraze, rac ufro

mobilurs gaxdis gadaRebis process. ra Tqma unda, aseT pirobebSi gamosax-

uleba ziandeba, magram ukeTesia miviRoT saintereso reportaJi, vidre

viltvodeT Suqis naxatis saukeTeso plastikisken da veraferi gadaviRoT.

Aaucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba davamzadoT ori_sami mciregaba-

ritiani sarkisebri naTurisgan Semdgari Taviseburi agregati, romelic

Cveulebriv magrdeba kameraze, an Stativze kameris axlos. saSualo plane-

bis gadasaRebad sakmarisia sami naTurisgan Semdgari erTi agregati. Kkame-

ris daSoreba sinaTlis wyarosgan SeiZleba 3-6 metris farglebSi da damo-

kidebulia firisa da obieqtivebis SuqZalaze. Ppraqtika gviCvenebs, rom

radganac Cven ver vaxerxebT obieqtis ganaTebis regulirebas, maSin unda

SevcvaloT manZili gadasaReb obieqtsa da naTuras Soris, saWiroa gvqondes

TiToeuli naTuris individualurad CarTva-gamorTvis SesaZlebloba. ase

magaliTad, msxvili planis gadaRebisas muSaobs erTi naTura, saerTo pla-

nis dros ki_ori an sami.

aseTia zogadi rCevebi ganaTebis meTodikasa da teqnikaSi. Ppraqtikuli

codna mova mxolod sxvadasxva konkretuli obieqtebis gadaRebisas, ro-

melTa firze gamosaxva yovelTvis moiTxovs Tavisebur, individualur ga-

daRebis xerxs, rac saboloo jamSi gamdidrebs Cvens codnas.

gadaRebis teqnika bunebrivi ganaTebis dros

operators xSirad uxdeba gadaReba bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebSi, anu,

rogorc amboben, “naturaze’’. saerTod, naturaze gadaReba kinematografis-

tebis winaSe xsnis uzarmazar SemoqmedebiT SesaZleblobebs.

Bbunebrivi ganaTeba

Aamindis ramdeni saxesxvaobac arsebobs bunebaSi, imdeni ganaTebis sxva-

dasxva SemTxveva iqmneba. Cvens irgvliv arsebul samyaroze dakvirvebis Se-

degad Camoyalibda bunebrivi ganaTebis gamomsaxvelobiTi xarisxis Sefase-

bis principi. ase magaliTad, Cven zemoT aRvniSneT, rom mzis ganaTeba kar-

gad gadmogvcems sxeulebisa da figurebis moculobas, ayalibebs ganaTebis

SuqCrdilian suraTs, romlis drosac obieqtebi kargad iyofian ganaTebul

da daCrdilul nawilebad. gafantuli ganaTebisas moculoba gadmoicema Se-

darebiT cudad, warmoiqmneba e.w. brtyeli ganaTeba, magram amave dros kar-

gad Cans manZili sxeulebs Soris. bunebrivi ganaTebis yvela SemTxveva gan-

35

pirobebulia erTi (zecis gafantuli Suqi, mze damalulia Rrublebs miRma)

an ori ( mze da zecis sfero) Suqis wyaroTi. bunebrivi Suqis wyaroebis

esoden gansazRvruli raodenoba gvaZlevs ra calkeuli SemTxvevebis mra-

valferovnebas, ganaTebis simkveTres, naxatis ubraloebas, aZlierebs gamom-

xatvelobis STabeWdilebas.

Aamis gamo, naturaze gadaRebuli kinematografiuli gamosaxuleba to-

vebs sinamdvilis, bunebriobis gancdas. aseT kadrebSi Cven kargad vgrZnobT

gadaRebis adgilebisTvis damaxasiaTebel specifiur kolorits. da es xdeba

ara marto ekranze gamosaxuli sagnebis meSveobiT, aramed ganaTebis im

mdgomareobiTac, romelic axasiaTebs gadaRebis adgilsa da dros. ase maga-

liTad, cimbirisa da saqarTvelos koloriti Seicnoba ara marto bunebisa

da arqiteqturis meSveobiT, aramed am regionebSi gabatonebuli ganaTebis

TaviseburebebiTac.

gansazRvruli adgilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganaTebis pirobebis damax-

sovrebisa da Semdeg ekranze gadmocemis unari operators kargad unda

hqondes ganviTarebuli. Ees amdidrebs da anviTarebs mxatvrul gemovnebas.

Eexmareba operators ganaTebis pirobebis SefasebaSi, rac ase aucilebelia

gadaRebisas. maT Soris SenobaSi gadaRebisas xelovnuri Suqis gamoyenebiT.

Gganasxvaveben ganaTebis pirobebis xelisSemwyob da xelisSemSlel mi-

zezebs. Mmzis ganaTeba qmnis gadaRebisTvis yvelaze xelsayrel pirobebs,

gansakuTrebiT Tu ki igi gadasaReb obieqts anaTebs winidan da odnav gver-

dulad. Am SemTxvevaSi gamosaxuleba ekranze gamodis kargi moculobis da

faqturis. Kkargad gadmoicema sivrce. Mmagram xSirad dramaturgia moiTxovs

ara mkveTr, mziT ganaTebul gamosaxulebas, aramed uferuls, dabinduls,

moRuSuls, moculobebis gadmoucemlad. am SemTxvevaSi gadaReba unda vawar-

mooT Rrublian amindSi. amasTan unda gvaxsovdes, rom ama Tu im epizodis

yvela kadri gadaRebuli unda iqnas erTi da igive ganaTebis pirobebSi, To-

rem montaJis dros kadrebi gansxvavebuli iqnebian tonalobiTaA da ganaTe-

biT.

operatorTaA praqtikaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs dokumentur

movlenaTaA amsaxveli kadrebis naturaze gadaRebas. dokumenturi kinore-

portaJis gadaRebisaTvis ar arsebobs bunebrivi ganaTebis araxelsayreli

pirobebi. srulebiT araa saWiro, vucadoT, rodis gamova mze Rrublebidan,

Tu moqmedeba xdeba Rrublian amindSi (sportuli Sejibrebebi xSirad ewyo-

ba Zlieri wvimaSi, TovlSi). TviTon amindis mdgomareoba da misTvis da-

maxasiaTebli ganaTeba aZlevs reportaJs dokumentalobasa da damajereb-

lobas., zustad axasiaTebs moqmedebis moments, romelic xSirad arc meor-

deba.

xolo arqiteqturuli obieqtebis gadaRebisas msgavsi kompromisis daS-

veba arasasurvelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganaTeba gansakuTrebulad unda

SeirCes, raTa kargad gamovlindes Sesabamisi nagebobebis arqiteqturuli

formebi. ganvixiloT bunebrivi ganaTebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebure-

bebi.

36

Bbunebrivi ganaTebis mTavari damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi

Bbunebrivi ganaTebis mravalnairi pirobis miuxedavad, romelic ganuwy-

vetliv icvleba dRis ganmavlobaSi, SeiZleba gamovyoT mTavari SemTxveve-

bi, romlebic Seesabameba kinogadaRebis amocanebs. aseTi SemTxveva ramdeni-

mea. radganac sinaTlis wyaroebad bunebaSi arian mze da ca, gadaRebis ob-

ieqti SeiZleba ganaTebuli iqnes Semdegnairad:

1)marto mziT. Ees xdeba Zalze iSviaTad, mxolod maSin, roca cis ga-

naTeba obieqts ar xvdeba, anu roca igi imyofeba xeebis an sxva bunebrivi

safaris qveS.

2)marto zeciT. es xdeba Rrublian amindSi, roca mze imaleba Rrublebs

miRma; an roca obieqti moTavsebulia CrdilSi da miuxedavad mziani dRisa,

ganaTebulia mxolod zecis SuqiT

3)mziT da zeciT. Ees yvelaze xSiri SemTxvevaa uRrublo cis dros.

Hhorizontis mimarT mzis simaRlis Secvlis dros dRis ganmavlobaSi,

SeiZleba gamoyofili iqnas erTmaneTisgan principulad gansxvavebuli pir-

dapiri ganaTebis SemTxvevebi:

1)rodesac mze adgens horizontTan 0-15 gradusian kuTxes. Aam SemTxve-

vaSi mzis sinaTlis intesiuroba da misi speqtruli Semadgenloba swrafad

icvleba. Aam periods uwodeben gadaRebis efeqtur dros. gansakuTrebiT

Znelia am dros feradi gadaReba, radgan horizontis mimarT dabla myof

mzis sxivebs aqvT kargad gamoxatuli wiTel-yviTeli ferebi. Mmzis Suqis

feris temperatura am dros SeiZleba Seicvalos 2000-dan 4500 gradusamde

kelvinebSi.

2)rodesac mze imyofeba horizontis mimarT 15-60 gradusiani kuTxiT.

Ddrois am monakveTSi mzis Suqis intesiuroba da speqtruli Semadgenloba

naklebad icvleba. Ees dro iTvleba gadaRebis periodis normalur monakve-

Tad. es monakveTi zafxulSi sakmaod xangrZlivia, zamTarSi ki_ mokle.

3)rodesac mzis simaRle 60 gradusze metia. Ees xdeba zafxulSi, samxreT

regionebSi da gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva Tavisi specifiuri TvisebebiT.

Ddrois am monakveTs ewodeba mzis zenituri mdebareoba da xasiaTdeba Sem-

degi TvisebebiT. Aadamianis saxesa da figuraze Cndeba Zalian Rrma, Savi

vertikaluri Crdilebi, romlebic iwveven gadasaRebi obieqtis deformacias

da moiTxoven naturaze gadaRebis Catarebis gansakuTrebul teqnikas.

Bbunebrivi ganaTebis yvela SemTxvevidan Cven SegviZlia gamovyoT sami

mTavari saxeoba, romlebic moiTxoven gadaRebis gansakuTrebul meTodebs.

Aamitom aucilebelia maTi zogierTi mTavari Tvisebis Sefaseba. Eesenia:

1)mzis ganaTeba dRisiT, rasac ewodeba gadaRebis normaluri dro.

2)mzis ganaTeba diliT an saRamoTi anu gadaReba efeqtur droSi.

3)gafantuli ganaTeba, romelic gvxvdeba Rrublian amindSi.

moyvanili klasifikacia Zalian zogadia, radgan mzian dReebSi gadaRe-

bisas obieqti SeiZleba iyos xeebis, Senobebis CrdilSi. Mmzis sinaTlis Se-

madgenlobaSi yovelTvis Sedis zecis gafantuli Suqi, sxvadasxva sxeulebi-

dan areklili mzis Suqi da a.S. ganxilva daviwyoT yvelaze gavrcelebuli

SemTxvevidan _ gadaReba mzis mimarTuli ganaTebisas.

ganaTebuloba obieqtze, romelic warmoiqmneba mzis pirdapiri sxive-

bis meSveobiT, dRis ganmavlobaSi mcired icvleba.igi swrafad izrdeba mzis

37

amosvlasTan erTad da drois mcire monakveTSi aRwevs saSualo niSnuls.

Ees gansakuTrebiT TvalSi sacemia zafxulSi, rodesac mze adis efeqturi

drois simaRliT gansazRvrul zomebs zeviT. gadaRebis normaluri drop

ikavebs ra dRis udides monakveTs, xasiaTdeba ara marto obieqtis saerTo

ganaTebulobis stabilurobiT, aramed vertikaluri da horizontaluri ze-

dapirebis ganaTebis TaviseburebiT.

Zalian sasargebloa, SeviswavloT bunebaSi mzis mimarTuli sinaTlis,

zecis gafantuli sinaTlis da sxvadasxva sagnebidan areklili Suqis ur-

TierTSeTavsebis faqtorebis sworad Sefaseba, radganac yoveli maTgani

sakmaod Zlierad moqmedebs gamosaxulebis saboloo Sedegze da kadris

mxatvrul Rirebulebaze.

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom zafxulis mziani dReebi wvimis Semdeg ga-

jerebulia kristalurad sufTa haeriT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mzis Suqis Semad-

genlobaSi gafantuli Suqi Zalian mcirea da obieqtis Crdilovani mxareebi

Cans zedmetad CaSavebulad. Mmzis sxivebiT ganaTebul obieqtze warmoiqmne-

ba didi kontrastebi Crdilovan da ganaTebul mxareebs Soris. Eekranze mi-

viRebT mkveTr Crdilebs da adamianebis damaxinjebul saxeebs. aseTi amindi

sasurvelia Sori da saerTo planebis gadasaRebad, magram ara portretebis

SeqmnisTvis. marTalia, minaTebis SemTxvevaSi didi kontrasti saSiSi ar

aris, radgan Cven Crdilebs vamuSavebT da mzis ganaTebis pirobas vaswo-

rebT, magram umjobesia portretebis gadaReba vawarmooT iseT dReebSi,

rodesac atmosferoSi bevria gafantuli Suqi da caze TeTri Rrublebia,

romlebic asruleben Taviseburi ekranis rols da fantaven mzis sxivebs.

aseve mizanSewonilia gadaReba iseT dReebSi, rodesac atmosfero gajere-

bulia e.w. “ haerovani kvamliT’’. Aam dros Crdilebi ise mkveTri ar aris,

rogorc sufTa haeris da uRrublo cis dros. mzis pirdapiri Suqis kon-

trastic mcirea da advilad aRibeWdeba kinofiriT, xSirad miunaTebladac

ki.

ramodenime sityviT SevexoT Suqis gafantvis gamomwvev mizezebs deda-

miwis atmosferoSi. Mmzis Suqi uaxlovdeba ra dedamiwas, sakmaod Zlierad

icvleba, rodesac masze moqmedebs dedamiwis atmosfero.igi ara marto

sustdeba, aramed icvlis speqtralur Semadgenlobas da nawilobriv ifante-

ba. haerSi yovelTvis aris wylis umciresi nawilakebis didi raodenoba,

nesti, orTqli, mtveri, romelic fantavs mzis Suqs. Ees gafantva xdeba

speqtris mimarT araTanabrad. igi damokidebulia Suqis talRis sigrZesa da

atmosferoSi myofi nawilakebis zomebze.

wylis orTqliT gajerebul atmosferoSi ufro Zlierad ifanteba

mokletalRiani molurjo-iisferi sxivebi. zecis lurji feri ganpirobebu-

lia swored am sxivebis gafantviT. Uufro didi nawilakebi, magaliTad,

mtveri, saTbobis wvis produqtebi fantaven ufro grZeltalRian sxivebs.

amiT aixsneba rom mtvriani haeri gamoiyureba ara cisfrad, aramed moyvi-

Talo- moSavod, zogjer ki, Tu nestic erTvis, mowiTalod.

Ggafantuli ganaTebis gareSe warmoudgenelia CvenTvis nacnobi figu-

rebisa da sagnebis Sesaxedaoba, romlebic ganaTebuli arian mimarTuli Su-

qiT. atmosferoSi gafantuli mzis Suqi ara marto gvexmareba gadaRebis

obieqtis ganaTebaSi, aramed xSirad TviTon xdeba gadaRebis obieqti. es

aris sxivebiT gamsWvaluli haeri, romlis gamosaxulebis gadmocemisas, Cven

38

SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, ekranze vaCvenoT sivrceSi ganlagebuli obieqtebis

moculobiTi formebi.

Aatmosferos mdgomareobis mixedviT SeiZleba gafantuli iqnas mzis

sxivebis sxvadasxva raodenoba. Aase magaliTad, zafxulis mSral dReebSi Su-

qis gafantva atmosferoSi gacilebiT naklebia, vidre gazafxulze, roca

haeri nestiania. Nnislis dros gafantuli sxivebis raodenoba Zalian didia,

amitom mzis mimarTuli Suqi saerTod ar igrZnoba. xolo tyeSi, rodesac

zeca dafarulia TeTri RrublebiT da xeebis foTlebiT, gafantuli Suqi

saerTod ar arsebobs. mzis Suqi qmnis uzarmazar ganaTebis kontrastebs.

mimarTuli da gafantuli Suqebis erToblioba ara marto arbilebs ga-

naTebis kontrastebs Suqsa da Crdils Soris obieqtze, aramed aZlevs sxeu-

lebs, figurebsa da adamianTa saxeebs kargad SesamCnev moculobas, gadmogv-

cems Suqisa da Crdilis niuansebs, Suqidan Crdilze gadasvlas aZlevs sir-

biles, obieqti gamohyavs bunebrivi da mxatvrulad Rirebuli.

Cven girCevT Crdilebis bunebrivi ganaTebis SenarCunebas da kontras-

tuli ganaTebis nacvlad, mzis mimarTuli da atmosferos mier gafantuli

Suqis Serwymis Sedegad miRebuli ganaTebiT muSaobas.

Aase rom, mziani dRis ganaTebis pirobebi xelsayrelia gadaRebis pro-

cesis CatarebisaTvis ara marto Tavisi stabilurobiT, aramed obieqtze

kontrastebis doniTa da mzis Suqis naxatis efeqturobiT. Ffaqtiurad, ada-

mianTa saxeebsa da figurebze Cndeba SuqCrdilovani suraTi, romlis regu-

lireba SeiZleba obieqtebis mzis sxivis mimarT sxvadasxva adgilas ganla-

gebiT (arareportaJuli gadaRebebisas) da mimarTuli Suqis SerwymiT Crdi-

lebis bunebriv da xelovnur minaTebasTan.

gadaRebis meore SemTxvevaa _ diliT da saRamos gadaReba mzis dabali

mdebareobis dros, romelic xasiaTdeba Semdegi TaviseburebebiT.

Hhorizontis mimarT mzis simaRlis Secvlisas Zlier icvleba misi Su-

qis feri. Aase magaliTad, vardisferi tye, mwvane ca, lurji balaxi aris ara

fantaziisa da feradi firis fotografiuli procesis darRvevis nayofi,

aramed bunebrivi movlena. Mmainc ratom aqvs diliT da saRamos mzis si-

naTles kargad gadmocemuli Tbili tonebi? Aamis mizezia is, rom mzis Suqi

mzis dabali mdebareobisas horizontis mimarT dilis an saRamos saaTebSi,

gadis dedamiwis atmosferoSi gacilebiT met manZils, vidre dRis saaTebSi.

dilis an saRamos saaTebSi atmosferos did masaSi Zlierad ifanteba

an STainTqmeva mokletalRiani sxivebi da dedamiwis zedapiramde aRwevs

mzis narinjisferi sxivebis gacilebiT meti raodenoba. Fferad firze gada-

Rebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT bunebis es kanonzomiereba, radgan xdeba Cve-

ni Tvalebis adaptireba ferebis mimarT. Aanu Cven ver vgrZnobT ferebis

Secvlas garkveul sazRvrebSi. Aase magaliTad, saRamoTi Cven vxedavT odnav

yviTel an narinjisfer mzis Suqs. Aamave dros firi dainaxavs igive sxivebs

iseTs, rogoric aris sinamdvileSi _ muq narinjisfers an TiTqmis wiTels.

diliT an saRamoTi ar aris rekomendirebuli portretebis gadaReba,

radgan vertikaluri zedapiri (saxe) iqneba mkveTrad ganaTebuli, xolo

gverdiTi ganaTebisas warmoqmnili Crdilebi moiTxoven intensiur minaTe-

bas. Ggarda amisa yvelam icis, mzis cqera Znelia. Amitom portretze mivi-

RebT adamianis daZabul, TiTqmis daxuWul Tvalebsa da danaoWebul saxes.

SegaxsenebT, rom horizontis mimarT mzis dabali mdebareobisas arsebul

39

ganaTebas gaaCnia mkveTrad gamosaxuli feri, rac gaTvaliswinebuli unda

iqnes ferad firze gadaRebisas. Dda Tu Cven viRebT samontaJo kadrebs, saWi-

roa mTeli epizodi gadaviRoT mzis efeqtur droSi, mzis Suqis Tanabari

speqtraluri Semadgenlobis dros, sanam dilis ganaTeba ar gadaiqceva dRis

ganaTebad.

dilisa da saRamos saaTebi xelsayrelia peizaJis gadaRebisaTvis, gansa-

kuTrebiT ferad firze. zogjer ukeTesia adre avdgeT, raTa visiamovnoT

bunebis gaRviZebis suraTiT da aRvbeWdoT es silamaze firze.

diliT da saRamoTi gadaRebisas saWiroa, viswavloT feradi mzis Suqis

danaxva, radgan Cveni Tvali advilad gamoricxavs speqtridan narinjisferi

feris momatebas. Cven viciT, rom mzis Suqi diliT da saRamoTi Tbil fe-

rebSia gadmocemuli. Sesadareblad kadrSi ganaTavseT romelime gaunaTebe-

li (civi) Crdilovani sxeuli. es gaaZlierebs dilis an saRamos efeqts.

Fferadi Suqfiltris gamoyenebas mzis oqrosferi ganaTebis gamosakle-

bad, azri ar aqvs. Uumjobesia movicadoT gadaRebis normalur dromde, Tu

oqrosferi ar moiTxoveba gadaRebis amocaniT.

ganaTebis mesame SemTxvevaa, rodesac mze imyofeba Rrublebs miRma anu

Rrubliani amindia. Oobieqti erTianadaa ganaTebuli yoveli mxridan, rac

aadvilebs gadaRebis wertilis amorCevas. SeiZleba gadaReba vawarmooT da

ar mivaqcioT yuradReba Suqis mimarTulebas obieqtisadmi.

Tanamedrove firebi sakmaod kargad gadmoscemen gafantuli SuqiT ga-

naTebuli sxeulebis da saxeebis Cveulebriv gamosaxulebas. sxvadasxva gada-

Rebis wertilis amorCevis SesaZlebloba gvaZlevs sxvadasxvanairi da deta-

luri “Txrobis’’ miRebis saSualebas ekranze. Ggafantuli sinaTliT gadaRe-

bisas TviTon obieqti gamodis ekranze daaxloebiT iseTi, rogoric iyo

sinamdvileSi gadaRebis momentSi. Rrubliani amindi operatorigan moiT-

xovs, daicvas mTeli rigi pirobebi, romlebic iZleva kargi gamosaxulebis

miRebis garantias. Ppirvel rigSi, Zalian faqizad unda iyos SerCeuli ob-

ieqtis tonaloba gadaRebamde, Tu ki ar gvaqvs saqme reportaJul gadaRe-

basTan. winaswar unda gaukeTdes organizeba obieqts, SearCioT iseTi faq-

turebi, romlebic gafantuli gadaRebisas mogvcemen Sav-TeTri da feradi

tonalobis sxvadasxva gradaciebs. magaliTad, Cven iseTi tansacmeli unda

SevurCioT msaxiobs, rom misi gamosaxuleba ekranze ar gamovides uferuli

da monoturi.

wylisa da zecis naTeli zedapirebi, sagnebi, romlebic ireklaven sxi-

vebs firze gadmoicema ufro ganaTebulad, vidre sxva nivTebi. am SemTxveva-

Si saWiroa Savi sagnebis proeqcireba TeTr fonze da piriqiT, TeTri sag-

nebisa _ Savze.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom gafantuli ganaTebis dros obieqti Tanabradaa

ganaTebuli yoveli mxridan, gadaRebis dawyebis win aucileblad unda

mieqces yuradReba im faqts, rom cis erTi nawili sxvebTan SedarebiT

ufro ganaTebulia, amitom msxvili planebis, portretebis gadaRebisas ra-

cionaluria movaTavsoT isini Warbi Suqis mimarTulebiT. moTxovnis Se-

sruleba mogvcems saxeze rbil, magram mainc SesamCnev sinaTlis naxats. sak-

maod kargad daamuSavebs moculobiT formebs. Ees rCeva sasargebloa re-

portaJuli gadaRebis drosac.

40

saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom obieqtebis daCrdiluli nawilebis misanaTeb-

lad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT yovelgvari masala, oRond ki moxerxebuli iyos

igi. ase magaliTad, sasargebloa portretebis saxlis TeTr kedelTan gada-

Reba, radgan kedeli kargad ireklavs Suqs. gadaReba SeiZleba wylis zedapi-

ris mimdebared da a.S. zogjer saWiroa specialuri, Suqis misanTebel-

asarekli mowyobiloba: qaRaldis TeTri furclebi an aluminis folgiT

dafaruli faneris naWeri. minaTeba aucilebelia gamosaxulebaSi Tvalebis

ukeTesad gadmosacemad da saerTod, saxis moculobrivi formebis dasamuSa-

veblad. Aasarekli saSualebebis sworad dayenebisaTvis saWiroa movaTavsoT

igi gasanaTebeli zedapirebis axlos, portretebis gadaRebisas ki saxis od-

nav qvemoT. manZili kontroldeba Suqis arekvlis siZlieris da xasiaTis

mixedviT. Crdilebis misanaTebel Suqis wyaroebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli

iqnes msubuqakumulatorebiani ganaTebis aparatura.

Rrublian amindSi gadaRebisas saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom wylis orTqliT

gaJRenTili haeris sivrce, e.w. burusi, kargad gadmogvcems obieqtis sivrco-

briv ganlagebas, mSvenivrad ganacalkevebs pirvel plansa da fons. Aam

SemTxvevaSi rekomendirebulia pirvel planze ganvaTavsoT muqi sxeulebi

gamosaxulebis siRrmisaTvis xazis gasavlebad. Mmag: muq tansacmelSi gamo-

wyobili adamiani, xis toti, Robe da a.S. sasurvel Sedegs gvaZlevs kadrSi

moqceuli sivrcis xelovnuri gakvamlva. Mmagram am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba

unda mieqces qaris mimarTulebas da siCqares, radgan kvamli swrafaad ifan-

teba, xolo misma kadrSi moZraobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios xelovnurobis

usiamovno STabeWdileba.

Ggafantuli SuqiT ganaTebis erT-erTi saxesxvaobaa mimarTul-

gafantuli ganaTeba, romelic xorcieldeba maSin, roca mze imyofeba gam-

Wirvale Rrublebis Txeli fenis miRma. Aam dros obieqti naTdeba rbili mi-

marTuli SuqiT, xolo Crdilebi mSvenivrad aris ganaTebuli. Amis Sedegad

gamosaxulebaSi kargad Cans Suqis naxati. amav dros Crdilebi gamWvirvale

da SuqiT avsebulia. Ees pirobebi gansakuTrebiT mizanSewonilia feradi

gadaRebisaTvis, miT ufro portretebis gadasaRebad.

Ggansxvavebuli SemTxvevaa _ gadaReba nislisa da wvimis dros, kadrSi

kargad gamoisaxeba wvimis msxvili wveTebiT gaJRenTili sivrce. es qmnis e.w.

tonalur an sivrcobriv perspeqtivas. xasiaTdeba konturebis formebis

simkveTris TandaTan dakargviT aparatTan daSorebisas, ferebi ixSoba da

xdeba naklebad gamomxatveli. Ees gvexmareba ekranze sivrcis gadmocemaSi,

aumjobesebs pirveli planis obieqtebis moculobis gadmocemas, acalkevebs

sxeulebs fonisgan.

wvimasa da nislSi gadaRebis pirobebi erTnairi ar aris, Tumca gaaC-

niaT zogierTi saerTo niSani. wvimaSi Cven xSirad vxedavT svel zedapi-

rebs, romelTac gaaCniaT sarkisebri elvareba. nislSi gadaRebisas, sxeule-

bis aparatidan daSorebisas, Cven vxdebiT kontrastis Semcirebis mowmeni.

wvimaSi ki kontrastuloba imatebs kidec, gamosaxulebaSi arekladi sveli

zedapirebis gamoCeniT. amitom wvimaSi gadaReba xSirad gvaZlevs saintere-

so Sedegs.

nislSi gadaReba gvaZlevs gamosaxulebaSi minimalur kontrastulobas,

rac SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas iseTi scenebis gadasaRebad, romlebic ga-

dawyvetilia didi kontrastebis gareSe. nislSi gadaReba moiTxovs kon-

41

trastuli negatiuri firis gamoyenebas, gansakuTrebiT dokumentaluri ga-

daRebisas, eqspoziciis zustad gaangariSebas.

Uunda aRvniSnoT agreTve, rom mzis SuqiT gamsWvaluli nisli an wima

gamodis ekranze ufro mkvrivi da intesiuri. Nnislsa da wvimaSi gadaRebisas

kadrSi mSvenivrad gadmoicema sivrce, haerovneba, garda amisa yvela detali

tonalurad aris gaerTianebuli. Ees ukanaskneli ki Zalian mniSvnelovania

da feradi gadaRebisas gvaZlevs saSualebas, miviRoT ekranze qoloritulad

garTianebuli kadris siRrmis tonaloba.

eqsponometriT muSaoba aseT dros sakmaod specifikuria. saqme isaa,

rom saerTo ganaTeba damokidebulia ara dRis droze, aramed im faqtze, Tu

ramdenma Suqma gaiara mocemul dros RrublebSi da ramdeni daifanta. amas-

Tan SeiZleba, dRis ganmavlobaSi ganaTeba naklebi iyos, vidre saRamos,

roca Rrublebis simkvrive Semcirda, Seicvala moRrubluloba. Zalian xSi-

rad unda SevamowmoT obieqtis ganaTebuloba eqsponometriT.

gadaReba mzian dReebSi

mzis mimarTuli ganaTebisas gadaRebis Tavisebureba gamoixateba Sem-

degSi. jer erTi, yovelTvis arsebobs mzis sxivebis obieqtis mimarT gark-

veuli mimarTuleba, romelic icvleba dRis ganmavlobaSi (xSirad sinaTlis

naxatisTvis arasasurvlad). Mmeore Taviseburebaa is, rom mzis Suqi yo-

velTvis qmnis SuqCrdilian suraTs, warmoqmnis gadaRebis obieqtze Zlier

kontrastebs, didi kontrastebi ki amaxinjebs gamosaxulebas.

xSiradaa saWiro Suqisa da Crdilis kontrastebis balansireba, raTa

SevuTanxmoT isini negatiuri firebis Tvisebebs mxatvrulli amocanis Sesa-

bamisi gamosaxulebis misaRebad ekranze. Mmzis ganaTebis kontrastulobis

balansirebisaTvis iyeneben Crdilebis minaTebis da minaTebuli adgilebis

daCrdilvis meTodebs.

Mmesame Tavisebureba gamoixateba imaSi, rom diliT da saRamoTi gada-

Rebisas saWiroa gamosaxulebis ferze yuradRebis miqceva.

ra Tqma unda mzis ganaTeba gafantul ganaTebaze ufro mdidaria da

gvaZlevs met gamomxatvelobiT SesaZleblobebs.

Cven ukve vicnobT Suqis saxeo-

bebs. Mmzis mimarTuli ganaTebis mTa-

vari saxeobebi SegviZlia vnaxoT ka-

drebSi 7,8,9. Mme-7 kadrSi Cvens ob-

ieqtze mze ecema diagonalurad od-

nav winidan. aseT ganaTebas ewodeba

frontalur-diagonaluri ganaTeba.

me-8 kadrSi mzis Suqi aris gverdiTi,

me-9 kontraJuruli. Ees kadrebi gada-

Rebullia dRisiT, gadaRebis norma-

lur droSi, rodesac mze horizontis

mimarT aris 60 gradus simaRleze.

Mmzis mimarTuli SuqiT gadaRebisas

iqmneba mravali siZnele, romelTa

gadalaxva SeiZleba mxolod specilurad SemuSavebuli gadaRebis xerxebiT.

42

mzis ganaTeba mdidaria Suqis

naxatiTa da sxvadasxva faqturebis

niuansebis gadmocemiT ekranze. Uu-

mravles SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT

mzis gverdiTi ganaTebisas, kargad

gadmoicema sagnebis faqtura, masala,

risgaanac arian isini damzadebuli.

Aaseve kargad gadmoicema obieqtisa

da misi detalebis Suqi da tonalo-

ba.

Ggarda amisa, obieqtze Suqisa da

Crdilis Secvla, gansakuTrebiT mo-

Zraobisas, aZlevs kadrs garkveul ga-

momxatvellobas da bunebrivobas.

Nnaturaze gadaRebis mTavari obieqti _ adamiani yovelTvis imyofeba

raRac bunebriv fonze. aseTi foni SeiZleba iyos peizaJi, Senoba, ca, xeebi,

balaxi da a.S. SeuZlebelia bunebrivi fonis ganaTeba iseve, rogorc es xde-

ba SenobaSi ganTavsebuli dekoraci-

uli fonebis ganaTebisas. Nnaturalu-

ri foni, sadac ar unda iyos igi, ga-

naTebuli iqneba cis gafantuli Su-

qiT, an mzis mimarTuli SuqiT an

oriveTi erTad. aseve foni Sevsebuli

iqneba bunebrivi SuqiT ganaTebuli

haeriT anu iqneba haerovani, rac

gvaZlevs saSualebas, vxedavdeT bune-

briv fons Tavisi moculobiT, mzis

sxivebis nebismieri mimarTulebisas.

Aamitom Cven ar vixilavT mzis gana-

Tebis sxvadasxva saxeobas mzis mde-

bareobis Sesabamisad fonis mimarT.

saWiroa mxolod aRvniSnoT, rom mzis kontraJuruli mdgomareobisas kar-

gad gadmoicema kadris siRrme, misi moculoba.

radganac gadaRebis yvela SemTxvevaSi gadaRebis mTavari obieqtia ada-

miani, mzis ganaTebis Taviseburebis swori Sefaseba gamowveullia miswra-

febiT, ekranze maqsimalurad kargad vaCvenoT adamianis saxe, figura. ami-

saTvis yvelaze xelsayreli momentia, rodesac mzis sxivebi ecema saxeze 35-

55 gr. kuTxiT. Aam SemTxvevaSi vRebulobT CvenTvis kargad nacnob zeda di-

agonalur ganaTebas. AaseT dros saxeze kargad gadmoicema moculobiTi

formebi, Cans Tvalebis gamometyveleba.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom Cven ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba SevcvaloT mzis

simaRle horizontis mimarT da Sesabamisad amovirCioT mocemuli saxisT-

vis yvelaze xelsayreli kuTxe mzis mimarTuli sxivebis dacemisa, ganaTebis

saWiro Sedegi SeiZleba mainc miviRoT, Tuki davucdiT mzis saWiro kuTxis

warmoqmnas an gamoviyenebT misanaTebel da damaCrdilebel saSualebebs. ma-

Sin, rodesac ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba, SevarCioT ganaTebis saukeTeso dro,

rekomendirebulia gadaReba vawarmooT kontraJuruli ganaTebiT, saxeze

43

damatebiTi sinaTlis wyaros minaTebiT. Ees SeiZleba iyos xelovnuri si-

naTlis wyaro an sxvdasxva amreklavi saSualeba.

Mmzis SuqiT ganaTebuli adamianebis portretebis gadaRebisas, Cven vi-

swrafviT ara marto saxis moculobiTi formebis gadmocemas, aramed saWi-

roa ekranze miviRoT adamianis Tvalebis saTanado gamosaxuleba, romlebic

bunebrivi ganaTebisas Cveulebriv CrdilSi imyofeba. xSirad cud STabeWdi-

lebas tovebs arasasiamovno Crdilebi cxvirs qvemoT, yelsa da mkerdze.

Swored amitom gamoiyeneba damatebiTi minaTeba Crdilebze. Aam Crdilebis

bunebrivi gafantuli SuqiT minaTeba ar aris sakmarisi, radgan kinofirs ar

aqvs saWiro fotografiuli sifarTove mzis mimarTuli sinaTlis kontras-

tulobis gadmosacemad.

ganaTebis obieqtis maRali kontrasti gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes

mxolod msxvilli portretuli planebisa da detalebis gadaRebisas. igi

araa mniSvnelovani saerTo da Sori planebis dafiqsirebisas, rodesac

ekranze ar Cans adamianis saxis mimika da gamometyveleba.

Mmzis kontrastulli ganaTebis pirobebSi gadaRebisas SeiZleba visar-

gebloT minaTebisa da daCrdilvis teqnikiT gamosaxulebis Zalian kaSkaSa

an bneli detalebis arsebobisas.

operatorTa praqtikaSi gvxvdeba calkeuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac gada-

Reba mimdinareobs kontraJuruli ganaTebis pirobebSi. aseT gadaRebas mi-

marTaven maSin, roca ar SeuZlliaT minaTebis da daCrdilvis gamoyeneba.

eqspozicias ayeneben obieqtis daCrdilul nawilze.

Cven SegviZlia, mivaRwioT gadaRebis sasurvel Sedegs kontraJuruli

ganaTebisas, rodesac mze imyofeba zenitSi. Aam SemTxvevaSi ar moxdeba

adamianis daCrdiluli figurisa da saxis deformacia zeda SuqiT, radgan

mzis zenitSi mdebareobisas, horizontalur zedapirebs ecema Suqis didi

raodenoba, romlis arekvliT, isini daCrdiluli detalebis bunebriv mina-

Tebas uzrunvelyofen.

minaTebisa da daCrdilvis teqnika

minaTeba asarekli mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT

naturaze gadaRebisas xSirad iswrafvian, SeinarCunon mzis ganaTebis

bunebrivi suraTi da mxolod aucileblobis SmTxvevaSi avseben mas misana-

Tebeli da damaCrdilebeli saSualebiT.

SemuSavebulia minaTebis meTodika amreklavi zedapirebis gamoyenebiT.

aseTi misanaTeblebi yendeba gadaRebis mimarTulebasTan rac SeiZleba ax-

los. Mmze obieqtis mmimarT SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi. mina-

Tebis aucilebloba warmoiqmneba umTavresad adamianTa msxvili planebis

gadaRebisas an kontraJuruli da gverdiTi gadaRebisas, roca didia daCrdi-

lulli zedapirebi. minaTeba aseve gamoiyeneba mzis maRali mdebareobisas,

rodesac saxeze an figuraze sxivis dacemis kuTxe aris 60 gradusze meti,

diagonaluri da zedafrontaluri ganaTebisas. Yyvelaze upriania misanaTe-

beli davdgaT Crdilis mxridan, rac SeiZleba axlos gadaRebis mimarTule-

basTan. misanaTeblis muSaobis intesiurobam ar unda daarRvios mzis gana-

Tebis naxati da ar unda warmoqmnas zedmeti Crdilebi.

44

saxis saTanadod minaTebisa da gamosaxulebaSi Tvalebis gamosaCenad

mizanSewonilia misanaTebeli dadges odnav qvemodan, aseT SemTxvevaSi igi

SeiZleba davikavoT xelSi. misanaTeblebiT SeiZleba SevqmnaT obieqtze

axali Suqi, xolo mzis Suqi gamoviyenoT, rogorc kontraJurulli. obieq-

tis daCrdiluli nawilis amreklav misanaTebels emateba kidev erTi misa-

naTebeli, romelic qmnis obieqtze saWiro ganaTebis suraTs. aseT misanaTe-

bels ayeneben ara gadaRebis mimarTulebiT, aramed ramdenadme zemoT, pir-

veli planis obieqtis mimarT diagonalurad an gverdidan. MmisanaTebel a-s

sikaSkaSe, romelic qmnis Suqis naxats, unda iyos meti misanaTebel b-s si-

kaSkaSeze, romlebic Crdilebs anaTebs, amasTan misanaTebel a-Ti ganaTebu-

li obieqtis sikaSkaSe ar unda aRematebodes mzis Suqis mier obieqtze

Seqmnil Suqis konturis sikaSkaSes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ikargeba mzis

kontraJuruli Suqis gamoyenebis principi.

aseTi ganaTebis sqemiT SeiZleba miviRoT naturaze gadaRebis sainte-

reso Sedegi, gansakuTrebiT, saSualo da msxvili planebis, portretebis ga-

daRebisas.

misanaTeblad gamoiyeneba e.w. amreklavi misanaTeblebi, romlebic Ta-

vianTi zedapiridan ireklaven masze moxvedril mzis Suqs. Aamitom amrekla-

vi misanaTebeli orientirebuli unda iqnes garkveulli kuTxiT mzis Suqis

dacemisa da gadaRebis obieqtis mimarT.

misanaTeblebi, iseve rogorc gasanaTebeli mowyobilobani, SeiZleba

dayofili iqnas ramdenime tipad areklili Suqis gavrcelebis Sesabamisad:

1)mimarTuli arekvlis misanaTeblebi

2)mimarTul-gafantuli arekvllis misanaTeblebi

3)dacemulli Suqis gamfantveli misanaTeblebi

mimarTuli arekvlis misanaTeblad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sarkeebi da

nebismieri zomis aluminis folgiT dafaruli dafa. isini qmnian gadaRebis

obieqtze patara zomis, magram maRali intesiurobis Suqis kaSkaSa laqebsa

da anareklebs. aseTi misanaTeblebi gamoiyeneba umTavresad areklili an

kontraJuruli Suqis misaRebad obieqtze. agreTve Zlieri sikaSkaSis Suqis

laqebis misaRebad. Ees misanaTeblebi ireklaven maTze dacemuli Suqis 60%-s.

mimarTul-gafantuli arekvla axasiaTebT misanaTeblebs, romlebic

damzadebulni arian daWmuWnuli folgisgan an aluminis saRebaviT dafaruli

masaliT. aseTi misanaTeblebi ireklaven dacemuli Suqis 30-35%. Aam misana-

TeblebiT SegviZlia miviRoT farTo, erTgvarovani Suqis laqa, romelic

ase aucilebelia saSualo da msxvili planebis gadaRebisas. aseTi misana-

Teblebi farTod gamoiyeneba kinogadaRebis praqtikaSi.

Ggamfantveli misanaTeblebis rols asruleben qaRaldis furclebi an

TeTri qsovilebi. isini ireklaven maTze moxvedrili Suqis 80%, magram

amasTan qmnian Zalian farTo laqas da gamoiyeneba mxolod msxvili plane-

bis gadasaRebad. aseT misanaTeblebs ayeneben adamianis saxesTan Zalian ax-

los. igi xSirad gamoiyeneba adamianis Tvalebis gasanaTeblad, radgan maTi

Suqi Tvals ar Wris da amavdroulad kargad anaTebs saxeze Crdilebs da

irekleba TvalebSi. radganac aseTi misanaTeblebi gamoiyeneba mxolod

msxvili planebisTvis, maTi zomebi SeiZleba ar aRematebodes 0,5X0,7 metrs.

praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba arekvladi misanaTeblebi, romlebic damzade-

bulni arian aluminis fxvniliT dafaruli qsovilebisgan. Qqsovili gadaWi-

45

mulia metalis dasaSlel CarCoze. misanaTeblebi mzaddeba sxvadasxva faq-

turis qsovilisgan da Sesabamisad gvaZleven sxvadasxvagvar mimarTul an

gafantul Suqs.

sarke-misanaTebliT muSaobis dros saWiroa miviRoT zomebi sarkidan

areklili sxivebisgan obieqtivis dasacavad. gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac

isini gadaRebis obieqtis mimarT kontraJurulad arian ganlagebuli. ami-

saTvis saWiroa, viqonioT obieqtivze saimedo blenda, xola misanaTeblis

gverdiT davayenoT faneris farda, misanaTeblidan areklili zedmeti Suqis

gadasafaravad.

mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom yoveli misanaTebeli ireklavs mzis

sxivs saWiro mimarTulebiT mxolod mocemuli drois da mzis mocemulli

adgilmdebareobis mimarT misi garkveuli orientaciis dros. radgan mze ga-

mudmebiT icvlis adgils, amitom yoveli 10-15 wuTis Semdeg saWiroa am misa-

naTeblis mdgomareobis Semowmeba da misi xelaxali orientireba.

daCrdilva

bunebrivi ganaTebis kontrastebis balansireba SeiZleba ara marto mi-

naTebis, aramed daCrdilvis anu sinaTlis damarbilebeli saSualebebis meS-

veobiT, romlebic warmoadgenen naxevradgamWvirvale masalebs, mag: arkazo-

li, minanaWeri, TeTri zewari da a.S. maT ayeneben gadasaRebi obieqtidan

garkveul manZilze, mzis Suqis gzaze. damaCrdileblis meSveobiT mzis Suqis

nakadi mcirdeba saWiro zomamde. Suqis saerTo naxatis SenarCunebisaTvis

eqspozicia unda gaizomos da dayendes gadaRebis obieqtis daCrdiluli de-

talebis mixedviT, rac agvacilebs gamosaxulebaze zedmeti sikaSkaSis miRe-

bis SesaZleblobas.

Nnaturaze gadaRebisaTvis damaCrdileblebi mzaddeba naxevradgamWvir-

vale qsovilebisgan, rogoricaa marla, tuli,Sifoni, kaproni da sx. Es ma-

salebi SeiZleba iyvnen sxvadasxva formisa da zomis. Qqsovili iWimeba Car-

Coze da yendeba obieqtis dasaCrdili adgilis win. Cveulebriv damaCrdi-

leblebs amzadeben TeTri an gaTeTrebuli qsovilisgan, Tumca gvxvdeba na-

crisferi damaCrdileblebic, romlebic gacilebiT met Suqs STanTqaven, vi-

dre TeTrebi.

damaCrdileblis dasamzadebeli qsovili saguldagulod onda SeirCes.

adamianTa msxvili planiT gadaRebisas, rodesac damaCrdilebeli saxis ax-

los Tavsdeba, ar gamogadgebaT uxeSi qsovilisgan damzadebuli damaCrdi-

lebeli, radgan saxeze SeiZleba aRibeWdos uxeSi qsovilis Crdilovani su-

raTi. gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia es kadrSi obieqtis an damaCrdileblis mo-

Zraobisas.

daCrdilvis siTanabrisaTvis saWiroa ara marto erTnairi faqturis

qsovilebis gamoyeneba, aramed misi moTavseba obieqtidan did manZilze.

kargi damaCrdilebeli mzis pirdapiri Suqis suraTs mTlianad inaxavs, mxo-

lod amcirebs mis intesiurobas da Sesabamisad kontrasts.

Aadamianis figuris zemoT damaCrdileblis dayenebisas saWiroa Tva-

lyuri vadevnoT daCrdilvis zonaSi adamianis Sesvlis da gamosvllis ad-

gilebs. rodesac aseTi moZraoba aucilebellia, rekomendirebulia, damaCr-

46

dileblis sazRvris foTlebiT an totebiT SeniRbva, raTa daCrdilvis

sazRvars ar gaaCndes mkafiod gamosaxuli forma _ xazi an kuTxe.

Eeqsponometria naturaze gadaRebisas

mziT ganaTebuli obieqtis kontrastis naklebi intervaliT gadmocema

warmoadgens gadaRebis garkveul problemas. Yyvelaze saukeTeso Taname-

drove firiT muSaobis drosac ki gadaRebis tona-

loba da fergadmocema xSirad irRveva. Mmagram ise-

Ti detalebi, rogoricaa adamianis saxe, mwvane bune-

ba, lurji ca da a.S. sasurvelia momaval gamosax-

ulebaSi obieqtTan maqsimalurad miaxloebul to-

nalobaSi gadmovceT.

praqtikaSi es damokidebulia obieqtis saerTo

ganaTebaze. xolo obieqtisa da fonis ganaTeba

SeiZleba daregulirdes ganaTebis teqnologiis

sxvadasxva meTodiT.

Bbevr SemTxvevaSi operators ar gaaCnia SesaZ-

lebloba, gaanaTos pirveli planis obieqti, mas

SeuZlia masze marto Crdilebis minaTeba, romlebic

Cndebian mzis mimarTuli sxivebiT ganaTebisas. Mma-

gram SeiZleba gamosaxulebisa da fonis sikaSkaSis

regulireba ekranze, Tu gadaRebisas davaCrdilebT saxes. TuEeqspozicias ga-

movTvliT daCrdiluli saxis mixedviT, maSin foni ekranze gamova ufro

naTeli, vidre gamovidoda saerTod mTeli obieqtis ganaTebis mixedviT

eqspoziciis dayenebisas. Cvens SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT damaCrdi-

lebeli zomiT 2X3 pirveli planis obieqtsa da fons Soris. maSin foni ga-

mova daCrdiluli, radgan damaCrdilebeli Seamcirebs fonidan areklili

sxivebis intesiurobas. saxesa da damaCrdilebels Soris manZili unda iyos

aranakleb 0,7_1 metrisa, xolo gadaReba unda warmoebdes, rac SeiZleba

grZelfokusiani optikiT, raTa ekranze ar gamoCndes damaCrdileblis

struqtura.

Eeqspoziciis gamoTvla naturaze gadaRebisas nebismier amindSi da ga-

naTebis nebismier mdgomareobaSi iwarmoeba eqsponometris meSveobiT. Suqis

gazomva xdeba eqsponometrTan muSaobis instruqciis Sesabamisad. gazomvis

Sedegad miRebuli cifrebi eqsponometris kalkulatorze iZleva sakmaod

zust Cvenebas Tanamedrove firebiT gadaRebisas, xolo gadaRebis obieqtis

sikaSkaSe Tavsdeba kinofiris fotografiul sifarToveSi. zusti eqspono-

metriuli Cvenebis misaRebad saWiroa zustad CavataroT eqsponometris mo-

cemul firTan “mibmis’’ operacia.

Dda ra aris Tavad eqspozicia? eqspozicia ewodeba sinaTlis raodeno-

bas, romelic zemoqmedebs SuqmgrZnobiare masalebis (foto-kino firebis,

fotoqaRaldis) zedapirze dros garkveul periodSi.s

ganaTebis eqsponometriuli gazomvisa da gadaRebis reJimis dadgenisas

operators SeiZleba Seeqmnas advilad gadasawyveti problemebi. es aris da-

kavSirebuli fotoeleqtronuli eqsponometris kalkulatorze mocemuli

indeqsisa da firebis SuqmgrZnobelobis erTmaneTTan “mibmasTan’’. anu zo-

gosti asa dini

1,4 1,3 22,8 2,5 55,5 5 811 10 1122 20 1445 40 1790 80 20180 160 23350 320 26700 630 291400 1250 322800 2500 355600 5000 38

47

gierT SemTxvevaSi eqspoziciis gamzom xelsawyoze _ eqsponometrze _ ar

aris graduirebuli firis mgrZnobelobis maCvenebeli im erTeulebSi, ra

erTeulebSic gvawvdian am firs gamomSvebi fabrikebi. firis mgrZnobelobis

sazomi erTeuli sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sxvadasxvaa, magaliTad: amerikaSi

mgrZnobelobis erTeulad miRebulia “asa’’, germaniaSi _ “dini’’, ruseTSi _

“gosti’’. eqsponometris kalkulatorze SeiZleba graduirebuli iyos ori

erTeuli erTad, vTqvaT “dini’’ da “gosti” an “asa’’ da “dini”, aseve SeiZleba

iyos mxolod erTi maCvenebeli, xolo operators hqondes gansxvavebuli

erTeulis mqone firi. aseT SemTxvevebSi operatorma unda isargeblos ze-

moT moyvanili cxriliT da gadaiyvanos mis xelT arsebuli firis realu-

ri SuqmgrZnobeloba im erTeulebSi, romlebic graduirebulia mis eqspono-

metrze.

gadaRebis praqtika; gadaRebisaTvis momzadeba

rodesac momavali filmis siuJetisa da Temis mixedviT gadaRebis amo-

cana garkveulia, iwyeben momzadebas gadaRebis procesis Casatareblad.

Kkargad Catarebuli winamosamzadebeli samuSaoebi gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas,

Tavidan aviciloT usiamovnebani, Secdomebi, wuni SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis

procesSi.

gadaRebisaTvis momzadeba iyofa ramdenime etapad:

1)gadamRebi kameris momzadeba

yuradRebiT unda Semowmdes aparatis muSaoba, detalebis sisufTave,

gazeTva, mtvris mocileba filmarxis zedapirze, romelic exeba emulsias,

sruldeba celuloidis an organuli minis joxiT. Amis Semdeg filmarxs

aprialeben natis naWriT an specialuri pastiT.

Mmowmdeba gadamRebi aparatis kompleqtacia, kasetebi, obieqtivebi,

Suqfiltrebi da a.S. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba kasetebs, maTi mu-

Saobis saimedoobis gansazRvras. amisaTvis tenian kasetebs gasinaTlebuli

firiT, uSveben mas aparatSi, Semdeg ki yuradRebiT amowmeben firs, raTa

aRmoaCinon ganakawri, perforaciis deformireba, agreTve meqanizmebis mu-

Saobis SesaZlo darRvevebi.

Yyvela operatori kargad icnobs Tavis aparats, gadaRebis dawyebamde

saWiroa CavataroT rigi operaciebi, romlebic kameris gamarTuli muSao-

bis garantias mogvcems. Ees operaciebia: aparatis gawmenda rbili funjiT

an kargad garecxilli naWriT. aparatis yvelaze arasaimedo nawilebis

Smowmeba, pirvel rigSi firis dasaxvevi meqanizmisa, sadac SeiZleba dazia-

nebulli iyos friqciis (firis zomaze daWimvis) mowyobiloba. saWiro araa

obieqtivebis metismeti gawmenda, magram linzebis sisufTavis Semowmeba ki

aucilebelia. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces saTadarigo optikas.

Oobieqtivebi iwmindeba specialuri rbili funjiT.

unda Semowmdes kameris CamrTveli da akumulatoris ZravasTan mierTe-

bis yvela kontaqti. Tu gadaReba xdeba aparatis sadgamis gamoyenebiT, sa-

Wiroa, Semowmdes aparatis Stativis Tavze damagrebis saimedooba. auci-

leblad unda Semowmdes Suqfiltrebi da Suqisagan damcavi blendebi. kom-

pendiumi zustad unda iyos gaTvlili obieqtivis xedvis kuTxeze.

2)momzadeba mobiluri gadaRebisTvis

48

amisaTvis aparati unda daidges praqtikulad transportis yvela sax-

eobaze an moZrav sxeulze, romlebic filmis gadaRebisTvis gamoiyeneba, ma-

galiTad: avtomanqana, xelis rezinis saburavebiani urika, amwe-isari, rel-

sebze Semdgari urika, samTvala velosipedi, invalidis etli. Zalian mniSv-

nelovania sxeulis, romelzec kamera magrdeba, mdored moZraoba. saWiroa

aparati mkvidrad damagrdes moZrav sxeulze an Stativze.

3)ganaTebis teqnikis momzadeba

Uupirveles yovlisa amowmeben saWiro simZlavris eleqtroxelsawyoe-

bis qselTan SeerTebis SesaZleblobas. amasTan unda gvaxsovdes, rom qselis

dauSvebeli simZlavriT datvirTvas SeiZleba mohyves qselis dazianeba da

xanZaric ki. Semdeg amowmeben ganaTebis aparaturas, naTurebis SesaerTebel

Canglebs, CamrTvelebs. dauSvebelia araizolirebulboloebiani kabeliT

muSaoba. YyovelTvis yuradRebiT amowmeben ganaTebis aparaturis qselSi

SeerTebis sqemas. Uunda gvaxsovdes, rom, magaliTad, ori an sami naTuris

mimdevrobiT SeerTebisas, isini maSinve Caqreba Tu erT-erTi maTgani ga-

damwvaria. Semdeg awesrigeben ganaTebis aparaturis sxvadasxva damxmare mo-

wyobilobebs: tubusebs, fardebs, badeebs.

Mmcirevoltiani sarkisebri naTurebiT gadaRebisas, romlebic akumu-

latoriT ikvebeba, saWiroa Semowmdes akumulatoris datenvis srulfasov-

neba, unad gaiwmindos batareebis kontaqtebi, Semowmdes ganaTebis Semaer-

Tebeli sadenebi.

4)kinofiris amorCeva. Eeqsponometriuli sinjebis Catareba

Tanamedrove kinofirebi, Tavisi fotografiuli Tvisebebis mixedviT,

sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa. isini gvaZleven saSualebas, ganvaxorcieloT gadaRe-

bis sxvadasxva amocana ganaTebis sxvadasxva pirobebSi, rogorc Sav-TeTr,

ise ferad firze.

Ffirebi SeiZleba SeirCes ganaTebis Semdegi pirobebis mixedviT:

1)didi ganaTebisas zafxulsa da zamTarSi yvelaze ukeTesia gamoviye-

noT saSualo mgrZnobelobis firi 22-45 gostis farglebSi, radgan misi

emulsiis struqtura wvrilmarcvlovania da xasiaTdeba mcire detalebis

garCevis maRali xarisxiT, rac gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas ekranze maRali xa-

risxis gamosaxuleba miviRoT im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac proecireba xde-

ba didi zomis ekranze. Aam firebiT SegviZlia vimuSaoT naturaze obieqti-

vis diafragmis did diapazonSi (16-1,5)

2)xelovnuri ganaTebiT muSaobisas saWiroa viqonioT maRali mgrZno-

belobis firi _ 90-125-400 erTeuli gostebSi. es firebi gvaZlevan saSuale-

bas, gadaReba vawarmooT sinaTlis mcire raodenobis gamoyenebiTac ki.

Mmcire detalebis garCevis unari am firebs damakmayofilebeli aqvT.

3)rodesac saWiroa SenobaSi gadaReba xelovnuri ganaTebiT, oRond

damxmare eleqtroganaTebis gareSe (Teatri, sakoncerto darbazi) gamoiye-

neba Zalian maRali mgrZobelobis firi, romelTa mgrZnobeloba 180-300 er-

Teulia gostebSi. Mmagram SegaxsenebT, normalur pirobebSi am firebiT ga-

daReba ar aris sasurveli, radgan gamosaxulebis saerTo kontrasti mcirde-

ba. Ggamosaxuleba ekranze gamodis uxeSi, msxvilmarcvlovani.

Yyvela Tanamedrove firi panqromatulia anu mgrZnobiarea sinaTlis

yvela ferze. Ees faqtori aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT Suqfiltre-

biT gadaRebisas.

49

Aaqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom feradi firebi ZiriTad ori tipisaa da ga-

moiyeneba bunebrivi ganaTebis an xelovnuri ganaTebis pirobebSi gadasaRe-

bad. TiToeuli tipis firi gvaZlevs karg gamosaxulebas mxolod Sesabamisi

ganaTebis wyaroTi muSaobisas. sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi gardauvalia fere-

bis darRveva. Cveni rCevaa, xSirad ar cvaloT firis tipi. kinofirTan mu-

Saobas esaWiroeba miCveva. Tu Tqven yidulobT ramodenime yuT firs,

amoirCieT erTnairi emulsiis da RerZis nomris matarebeli firebi. daimax-

sovreT, rom sxvadasxva emulsiis da RerZis nomris firebma SeiZleba mog-

ceT gadaRebis sxvadsxva Sedegi. Ffiris mTeli partiis erTtipurobis

SemTxvevaSi, SegveZleba ar CavataroT praqtikuli sinjebi TiToeul maT-

ganze cal-calke, firis fotografiuli Tvisebebisa da eqsponirebis sauke-

Teso reJimis amorCevisaTvis.

sinjebis Catarebis amocanaa, ekrnze miRebuli gamosaxulebiT Sefasdes,

Tu raoden esadageba ama Tu im kino-foto masalaze aRbeWdili gamosaxule-

ba gadaRebul obieqts. Eeqsponometriuli sinjebis Casatareblad yvelaze

gavrcelebuli da racionaluri xerxia adamianis saSualo planis gadaReba

garkveul fonze. Nnaturaze gadaRebisas irCeven bunebriv fons, SenobaSi ga-

daRebisas _ ganaTebul kedels.

sinjebis meore amocanad iTvleba obieqtis detalebis ferisa da tonis

kinofirze miRebuli Sedegisa da TvaliT aRqmuls Soris gansxvavebis dadge-

na. Ooperatori winaswar ayalibebs gadasaRebi obieqtis gadaRebis meTodi-

kas, yvela misi wvrilmaniTa da detaliT, magram mcire fotografiuli si-

farTove feradi firebisa, gansakuTrebiT Seqcevadi feradi firebisa, moiT-

xovs momavali gadaRebis zust eqsponometriul momzadebas, ekranze faqtu-

ris gadmocemis gasinjvas da saukeTeso eqsponometriuli gadaRebis reJimis

dayenebas. Zalian mniSvnelovania eqsponometriuli reJimis dasadgeni sinje-

bis Catarebisas, pirvel rigSi, yuradReba mieqces im faqts, Tu rogor gad-

moicema ekranze gadaRebis mTavari obieqtebi: adamianis saxe, mwvane buneba,

ca. es rCeva ZalaSi rCeba rogorc Sav-TeTri, ise feradi gadaRebisas.

Kkidev vimeorebT, operatorisaTvis aucilebelia Tavisi firis Rirse-

bebisa da naklovanebebis codna, rodesac atarebs firis eqsponometrTan

“mibmis’’ sinjs. Ees operacia saWiroa imisaTvis, rom saxvadasxva eqsponome-

trebi gansxvavebulad afiqsireben erTnair ganaTebasac ki, fotoelementis

“daRlilobis’’ da sxva individualuri Tvisebebis gamo. Tavad gansajeT, yve-

la eqsponometri xom ver iqneba laboratoriuli etaloni? Ggarda amisa

firis Tvisebebi vlindeba mxolod laboratoriuli damuSavebis Semdeg,

xolo es damuSaveba xSirad sxvadasxva pirobebSi xdeba.

Ffiris miRebisas, upirveles yovlisa, unda davayenoT eqspnometrze mi-

si SuqmgrZnobelobis cifrobrivi mniSvneloba. CavTvaloT, rom firis

mgrZnobeloba eTanxmeba safabriko monacemebs. Eeqsponometris kalkulato-

ris meSveobiT gamovTvaloT eqspozicia firis monacemebis mixedviT da

obieqti gadaviRoT firis erT naWerze. ufro didi sizustisaTvis igive ob-

ieqti gadaviRoT firis kidev erT naWerze diafrgmis Skalis jer erTi er-

TeuliT gaxsniT, meored _ erTi erTeuliT daxurviT. Aam SemTxvevaSi gveq-

neba sami sxvadasxva eqspozicia. Firis saboloo damuSavebis Semdeg amovir-

CioT, romelma eqspoziciam mogvca ukeTesi Sedegi.

50

moviyvanoT gamoTvlis magaliTi. vTqvaT, safabriko monacemebiT fi-

ris SuqmgrZnobelobaa gostis 90 erTeuli. Eeqsponometris kalkulatoris

mixedviT Cans, rom 90 gostisTvis 1/30 wams Seesabameba diafragma 1:11. viRebT

am diafragmiT firis naWers. Mmere viRebT 1:16, Semdeg 1:8. gamJRavnebis Semdeg

vxedavT, rom diafragmis mniSvnelma 11 mogvca 8-ze cudi Sedegi, xolo 16-ze

gamosaxulebas bevri Suqi daaklda, faqtiurad gafuWda.

cxadia firis mgrZnobeloba naklebia safabriko monacemebze. Sevaswo-

roT kalkulatoris Cveneba_SuqmgrZnobelobis indeqsi. gadavaadgiloT ska-

la da 1/30 qveS davayenoT cifri 8. vnaxavT rom SuqmgrZnobelobis indeqsze

90-is nacvlad Cans 65. Ee.i. Cveni firis mgrZnobeloba 65 gostia, xolo Cveni

eqsponometri mibmulia firTan da firis damuSavebis reJimTan.

5)momzadeba gadaRebisaTvis eqspediciur pirobebSi

gadaRebis es saxeoba xorcieldeba firis laboratoriuli damuSavebis

adgilidan Zalian Sors, Soria aparaturis SemkeTebel saxelosnoebamdec,

amitom moiTxovs gansakuTrebiT guldasmul da yuradRebian momzadebas. Aam

SemTxvevaSi rekomendirebulia masalis operatiuli fotografiuli kon-

trolis meTodika. amisaTvis eqspqdiciaSi miaqvT patara laboratoria,

firis naWeris gamJRavnebisa da kontrolisaTvis da saoperatoro etaloni,

romelic gamJRavnebulia stacionalur pirobebSi, raTa masTan Seadaron

eqspediciaSi gadaRebuli da gamJRavnebuli firis naWeri. Aes patara labo-

ratoria dakompleqtebulia Semdegi sagnebiT: gasamJRavnebeli abazana, 35 an

16 mm firi-koreqsi. Mavlinebeli, fiqsaJi(mSrali saxiT), firis dasateni to-

mara, Termometri. xanmokle eqspediciis drosac ki saWiroa sakontrolo

sinjebis gamJRavneba, es meTodika yovelTvis sasargebloa.

EeqspediciaSi cud klimatur pirobebSi yofnisas, saWiroa davicvaT fi-

ri temperaturis mkveTri cvlilebisgan.firze cudad moqmedebs Zlieri

sicxe da haeris maRali sinotive. amitom, rogorc sufTa, aseve eqsponire-

buli firebi unda inaxebodes metalis yuTebSi, romlis yvela naCvreti dag-

manulia izolentiT.

yuTSi mcire raodenobis firis Senaxvisas danarCeni adgili ivseba bam-

biT an sufTa qaRaldiT, firis rgoli ar unda moZraobdes Tavisuflad da

ar unda ixsnebodes. Tu aris SesaZlebloba, gadaRebis Semdeg firi ar gada-

vaxvioT, ukeTesia SevinaxoT igi calke rgolebis saxiT saerTo yuTSi.

Yyoveli patara rgoli damagrebuli unda iqnes leikoplastiriT, raTa

ar gaixsnas. Lleikoplastirze iwereba pirobiTi nomeri, romelsac viniS-

navT ubis wignakSi, amiT vxvdebiT ra aris gadaRebuli mocemul firze da

ra reJimiT. Ees gansakuTrebiT saWiroa, rodesac arsebobs moTxovnileba

laboratoriuli damuSavebis Sedegad gamoswordes eqsponirebisas daSve-

bulli Secdomebi.

wunis gavrcelebuli mizezia mtveri. amis gamo Cndeba nakawrebi da gax-

exili adgilebi firze. Aamitom aparati da kasetebi yovelnairad unda da-

vicvaT mtvrisgan.

Nnakawrebi aseve advilad warmoiqmneba nestian amindSi, aseT SemTxve-

vaSi saWiroa kasetis datenva pirdapir gadaRebis win.

Kkinoaparatisa da eqsponometris gadatana eqspediciis dros unda eq-

vemdebareboddes aparaturasTan moqcevis wesebs. Uuswormasworo gzebze

51

siarulisas aucilebelia aparatis futliarSi moTavseba, xolo eqsponome-

tri damagrebuli unda iyos qamarze an mxarze.

gadaReba

gadaRebis saTanadod Catarebazea damokidebuli kargi xarisxis kadre-

bis miReba. es kadrebi ki momavali filmis samontaJo masalaa.

Cven ukve viciT kadris gadaRebis wertilis, gadaRebis xerxis da a.S.

amorCeva.ATuki gadaRebis amocana garkveullia, xolo gadaRebis obieqti

amorCeuli, ukve gadawyviteT, rogor CaatarebT gadaRebas, rogor kadrebs

SearCevT filmis montaJur rigSi mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegaxsenebT

muSaobis aucilebel Tanmimdevrobas.

pirvel rigSi mowmdeba gadaRebis teqnikis mzadyofna muSaobis dasa-

wyebad, firiT kameris datenva, ama Tu im obieqtivis dayenebis SesaZleblo-

ba (ar dagaviwydeT, moxsnaT Suqfiltri, Tu mocemul momentSi saWiro ar

aris), akumulatoris motorTan mierTeba, kameris CamrTvelis Semowmeba.

Ppirveli kadris gadaRebamde saWiroa Semowmdes lentis mamoZravebeli me-

qanizmis muSaoba da aparatis siCqaris reJimi. Uunda Semowmdes kameris

Stativze damagreba da panoramuli Tavakis gamarTuloba. Tu gadaReba

xorcieldeba kameris moZraobiT, yuradReba miaqcieT aparatis an Stativis

moZrav sxeulze damagrebis usafrTxoebas.

xeliT gadaRebisas SeamowmeT akumulatoris moTavsebis moxerxebulo-

ba, raTa man ar SegiSaloT xeli gadaRebisas. Aam mravalricxovani, magram

mniSvnelovani operaciebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg iwyeba moqmedebis mxat-

vruli nawili.

Ooperacia meore _ gadaRebis wertilis dayeneba da planis simsxvilis

amorCeva. es ori amocana did rols TamaSobs momavali filmis kompozi-

ciis srulyofaSi. moZravi gadaRebebisas maTi gadaWra cota ufro rTulde-

ba, radgan SesaZlebelia rogorc gadaRebis wertilis ase planis simsxvilis

Secvla. moZraobisas gadaRebis dros kompoziciis Canafiqri adreve unda

iyos momzadebuli. Eesenia moZraobis dawyeba, damTavreba da moZraobis

calkeuli etapebi.

Ooperacia mesame _ gadaRebis obieqtze Suqis dayeneba xelovnuri gana-

Tebisas an naturaze gadaRebis dros ganaTebis momentis amorCeva. ganaTebis

gamomsaxvelobiT TvisebebTan erTad sazRvraven mis eqsponometriul mona-

cemebs, firis mgrZnobiarobis, obieqtivis diafragmis da gadaRebis reJimis

siCqaris Sesabamisad. ganaTebis kontroli xorcieldeba mxolod eqspono-

metriT.

Ooperacia meoTxe _ gadaRebisaTvis mzadyofnis Semowmeba da masSi

bolo teqnologiuri cvlilebebis Setana. Aam dros azusteben obieqtivis

simkveTreze dayenebas, fokusis gadayvanas kadris sivrceSi moZravi obieq-

tis miyolebiT, ayeneben Suqfiltrebs (Tu amas moiTxovs saWiroeba), amow-

meben Suqisagan damcavi mowyobilobebis (blendebis) damagrabas. Bbolos

operatori irCevs gadaRebisaTvis muSa pozicias.

Ooperacia mexuTe _ gadaReba. Kkameris CarTva saWiroa moqmedebis da-

wyebamde ramdenime wamiT adre, gamorTvac _ gadaRebis damTavrebis Semdeg

ramdenime wamis dayovnebiT. Ees saWiroa montaJis moxerxebulobisaTvis,

raTa aviciloT usiamovno SemTxveva, gadaRebul masalas daakldes ramde-

52

nime kadri. SemogTavazebT ramdenime praqtikul rCevas. Ppanoramireba au-

cileblad unda iyos mdore, xolo mis siCqares sazRvraven imis gaTvaliswi-

nebiT, rom firze ar miviRoT gadaSlili gamosaxuleba. gamosaxulebis

gaelvebis saSiSroeba miT metia, rac metia panoramirebis siCqare, rac

ufro grZelia obieqtivis fokusuri manZili da rac ufro msxvilia plani

(gamosaxulebis masStabi).

gadaSlili bundovani gamosaxuleba, araTanabari panoramireba aris

teqnikuri wuni. zogjer gamoiyeneba Zalian Cqari panorama, misi saSualebiT

SeiZleba montaJurad SeerTdes firis erT naWerze ori sxvadasxva statiku-

ri kadri. gadaRebis aseT xerxs eZaxian kameris gdasrolas erTi kadridan

meoreze.orive planis panoramirebas atareben erTidaigive safokuso manZi-

lis matarebeli obieqtiviT.

sxvadasxvafokusiani obieqtivebiT samontaJo kadrebis gadaRebisas sa-

Wiroa, miviRoT daaxloebiT erTnairi simkveTris foni rogorc pirveli,

aseve saerTo da saSualo planebisaTvis. agreTve gadaRebis obieqtis erT-

nairi moZraobis siCqaris STabeWdileba aparatis mimarTulebiT an sapiris-

pirod. Aaqedan gamomdinare, cdiloben, ar gadaiRon mezobeli samontaJo

kadrebi sxvadasxva fokusuri manZilis mqone obieqtivebiT. magaliTad, 16mm

firze 15mm obieqtiviT saerTo planis gadaRebisas, msxvili planis 50mm ob-

ieqtiviT gadaReba ar aris rekomendirebuli, radganac foni msxvil planze

iqneba Zallian bundovani da gansxvavebulli mezobel kadrSi arsebuli

mkveTri fonisgan. aseTi saxvaoba mayureblze tovebs arasasiamovno STa-

beWdilebas da aRiqmeba rogorc “naxtomi’’.

zogjer mainc gamoiyeneba grZelfokusiani optika msxvili planebis

gadasaRebad, raTa gaumjobesdes gamosaxulebis plastikuroba. im SemTxve-

vaSic ki, rodesac aseTi plani montaJdeba mkveTri fonis mqone planTan,

msxvili planisaTvis rekomendirebulia SeirCes mSvidi, ufaqturo foni,

romelsac gaaCnia saerTo tonaloba saerTo planis fonTan. aseT ufaqtu-

ro fonze mayurebeli ver SeamCnevs nacnobi sxeulebis moxazulobis gadaS-

las da mTel yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs mkveTrad gamoxatul saxeze an rome-

lime mniSvnelovan detalze.

Kkadrebis gadaRebisas, romelSiac obieqtis moZraoba mimarTulia apa-

ratisken an aparatidan, saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom ekranze meti siCqaris

STabeWdileba Seiqmneba kadrebSi, romlebic moklefokusiani optikiT iqne-

ba gadaRebuli.

Fferadi gadaReba moiTxovs fonis detalebis mometebul simkveTres,

radgan bundovani feradi foni mayurebelze usiamovno STabeWdilebas ax-

dens da aqveiTebs gamosaxulebis realobas. gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia

fonis bundovaneba grZelfokusiani optikiT msxvili planebisa da portre-

tebis gadaRebis dros. am SemTxvevaSic sasurvelia SeirCes mSvidi tonis

mqone foni, romelzec ar iqneba zedmeti detalebi. aseTi foni Cvens yura-

dRebas ar miizidavs da ar SevecdebiT, gavarCioT detalebi fonis bundovan

masaSi. magaliTad, fonad SeiZleba SeirCes ca. panoramirebisas foni iSle-

ba, gamodis bundovani. panoramis dasawyissa da bolos iReben kameris sta-

tikuri mdgomareobidan.

erTi da igive scenis kadrebis mwyobrad damontaJebisaTvis saWiroa,

davicvaT mTavari obieqtis moZraobis saerTo mimarTuleba mezobel ka-

53

drebSi. panoramiT gdaRebis dros saWiroa, davicvaT panoramirebis erTi-

daigive mimarTuleba da siCqare sxvadasxva kadrebSi. ase magaliTad, Tu ob-

ieqti pirvel kadrSi moZraobs marjvnidan marcxniv, Semdeg kadrSic mo-

Zraoba unda xdebodes marjvnidan marcxniv. Tu saWiroa moZraobis mimar-

Tulebis Secvla Semdeg kadrSi, gamoiyeneba e.w. samontaJo kadrebi.

rodesac msxvil plani an scenis detali masStabebis mixedviT mkveTrad

gansxvavdeba mezobeli samontaJo kadrebisagan, xolo gamosaxuleba ekranze

bundovania siuJeturad mTavar adgilas, saqme gvaqvs wunTan.

Ggamosaxulebis simkveTris dayenebaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs optikas,

rogorc Cven ukve viciT pirveli Tavidan, sxvadasxva safokuso manZilis

mqone obieqtivebiT erTi da igive scenis gadaRebisas, mkveTrad icvleba ga-

daRebis mizanscenaSi saerTo sivrcis simkveTre. Ggarkveuli sivrcis gadaRe-

bisas yvelaze meti simkveTre sivrceSi gaaCniaT farTokuTxian anu mokle-

fokusian obieqtivebs. kinofilmSi TiTqms yvela scena Sedgeba sxvadasxva

simsxvilis planebisgan, romlebic mravalferovnad da dawvrilebiT gad-

mogvcemen moqmedebis Tanmimdevrobas ekranze.. saWiroa, veridoT scenis ga-

mosaxvas mxolod erTi saerTo planiT.

Ffonis bundovaneba msxvil planebze xels ar uSlis kadrebis mxedve-

lobiT aRqmas, Tu momdevno kadrebSic fonis simkveTre didi ar aris.

gadaRebis wertilis dayenebisas Cven virCevT mxedvelobis kuTxes,

romliTac mayurebels vuCvenebT gadaRebis obieqts. filmis simdovris dac-

visaTvis montaJis dros cdiloben, erTmaneTTan ar SeaerTon kadrebi,

romlebic mkveTrad gansxvavdebian gadaRebis rakursiT. ase magaliTad, qveda

rakursiT gadaRebuli kadri ar unda daamontaJoT zeda rakursiT gadaRebul

kadrTan. Aam kadrebis SeerTebis aucileblobisas iyeneben samontaJo ka-

drebs. samontaJo kadrebi gvaZleven SesaZleblobas, montaJis dros Sevaer-

ToT kadrebi, romlebic gadaRebulia sxvadasxva rakursiT da sxvadasxva mi-

marTulebiT.

erTidaigive scenis an epizodis kadrebis gadaRebisas, sasargebloa

gvaxsovdes, rom ori planis SeerTeba, romlebic erTnairi masStabiT aris

gadaRebuli, oRond sxvadasxva rakursiT da ganaTebiT, mayurebelze tovebs

arasasiamovno STabeWdilebas da aRiqmeba rogorc simdovris darRveva. Ees

gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia statikuri kadrebis gadaRebis SemTxvevaSi. mon-

taJuri naxtomis acilebisaTvis saWiroa sxvadasxva masStabis kadrebis Cve-

nebis cvalebadoba anu saerTo planidan gadavideT saSualoze, Semdeg

msxvil planze an detalze. zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia mkveTri

kontrastuli Serwyma saerTo planisa msxvil planTan, detalTanac ki. Mma-

gram es gamarTlebulli unda iyos kadris SinaarsiT.

sxvadasxva kadrebis gadaRebisas saWiroa, vifiqroT maTi ekranze Cvene-

bis xangrZlivobazec. Mmag: saerTo plani moiTxovs ekranze Cvenebis met

dros, vidre msxvili, radgan saWiroa misi Semadgeneli detalebis daTva-

liereba da aRqma. statikuri kameriT gadaRebuli saerTo planis sigrZe

ekranze unda iyos 6-8 wami. Mmsxvil plans aCveneben 2-5 wamis ganmavlobaSi.

ra Tqma unda es cifrebi savaraudoa, xolo kadris Cvenebis dro isazRvrre-

ba misi SinaarsiT. zogjer, rodesac amas moiTxovs filmis Sinaarsi, SeiZ-

leba ekranze vxedavdeT adamianis msxvil plans mTeli wuTis ganmavlobaSi.

54

panoramiT gadaRebuli kadris sigrZe aseve damokidebulia mis Si-

naarsze. magram am SemTxvevaSic, sasurvelia gadaReba gavagrZeloT panora-

mis damTavrebis Semdeg 1-2 wami. Ppanoramis dasawyissa da boloSi arsebuli

statikuri kadri dagvexmareba Semdeg kadrze montaJur gadasvlaSi.

gadaRebis sxvadasxva SemTxvevebi

portretebis gadaReba

adamianTa msxvili planebis portretebis gadaReba yvelaze sapasuxism-

geblo momentia kinogadaRebis procesSi. TiTqmis yvela filmSi mTavari

amocanaa, mayurebels vuCvenoT adamianis saxe, mimika, Tvalebis gamomety-

veleba, saxis dinamika, misi sxvadasxva mdgomareoba. Mmeore TavSi Cven ukve

gvqonda laparaki saxeebis gadaRebis zogierT SemTxvevaze, magram mxolod

ganaTebis TvalsazrisiT. davamatoT am monacemebs portretuli planebis

gadaRebisTvis aucilebeli rCevebi.

Pportretuli planebis gadaRebisas mTavaria ara gadaRebis teqnika da

xerxebi, aramed mkafiod garkveuli gadaRebis amocana, rogor gvinda vaCve-

noT ekranze adamini. amasTanave mniSvnelovania, gadasaRebi adamiani ar ga-

davaqcioT kompoziciisa da sinaTlis dayenebis samuSao modelad, anu unda

warmovaCinoT misi Tvisebebi, xasiaTi. SedarebiT advilia gadaviRoT lama-

zi portreti, romelSic davinaxavT kargad gadmocemul moculobas, mbrwyi-

nav Tvalebs, magram Catarebuli samuSao fuWad Caivlis, Tu garegani forme-

bis garda ar warmovaCineT adamianis individualuroba, misi bunebrivi an

filmis mixedviT Cafiqrebuli mdgomareoba.

Aadamianis bunebrivi saxis dasanaxad yvelaze ukeTesia gadaviRoT igi

faruli kameriT, ise rom man es ver SeamCnios. ra Tqma unda, aseT SemTxve-

vaSi xelisSemSleli faqtoria ganaTebis mdgomareoba an gadaRebis werti-

li. Mmagram reportaJuli portretis gamomxatveloba gacilebiT didia, vi-

dre kameris win pozirebuli adamianis portretisa. Tumca dokumenturi si-

uJetis gadaRebis dros xSirad gvixdeba gadaRebisTvis winaswar momzdebuli

adamianis gadaReba. Aam dros sasurvelia, winaswar CavataroT fotogadaRe-

bis seria, romlis safuZvelzec ukeTesad SevarCevT saTanado ganaTebas

mocemuli saxisTvis, aseve advilad movnaxavT saxis yvelaze gamomxatvel

mdgomareobas, planis saWiro simsxviles da a.S. Tanac winaswari fotogada-

Rebis dros obieqti mieCveva ganaTebis pirobebs, kinogadamReb jgufs _ op-

erators, reJisors.

Kkinoportreti gansxvavdeba fotografiuli portretisgan, mas aqvs

Tavisi Rirseba da nakli. Aase magaliTad, fotoze vxedavT kargad amorCeul

moments adamianis cxovrebidan, igi aris statikuri. Kkinoportrets gaaCnia

saxis gamometyvelebis dinamikis elementebi, mimika, saxis, xelebis, figuris

moZraoba, igi asaxavs adamianis dinamiur cxovrebas drois mocemul monak-

veTSi. Tumca kadrSi SeiZleba moxvdes kinematografisTvis arasaWiro mo-

mentebi. marTalia, montaJis dros Cven SegviZlia zogi ram amovWraT, mo-

vaciloT masalas, magram ase moqceva SeiZleba mxolod uxmo gamosaxule-

basTan muSaobisas. Tu adamiani laparakobs, mas sWirdeba garkveuli dro

sityvebisa da azris dasasruleblad.

55

Eekranze adamianis saxe yvelaze xSirad, patara filmSiac ki, yalibdeba

ara calkeuli portretebis mixedviT, aramed mas safuZvlad udevs moqmede-

bis ganviTarebaSi monawile adamianTa portretebis mTeli seria, romlebic

gadaRebulia sxvdasxva dros, sxvadasxva emociuri mdgomareobisas, ganaTebis

gansxvavebul pirobebSi. amaSia portretul kadrebze muSaobis Tavisebureba

da siZnele.

Aadamianis portretebis gadaReba bunebrivi ganaTebisas gacilebiT

ufro Znelia, vidre xelovnuri ganaTebis dros, rodesac gvaqvs SesaZleb-

loba, Suqi davayenoT Cveni survilis mixedviT, gamomxatvelobiTi amoca-

nisa da adamianis saxis Taviseburebis Sesabamisad. Nnaturaze gadaRebis

dros ki xSirad vxvdebiT bunebrivi ganaTebis iseT mdgomareobas, romlis

Secvla gacilebiT Znelia, xSirad ki SeuZlebelic.

Pportretis gadaRebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda davuTmoT

adamianis Tvalebs, magram naturaze gadaRebisas xSirad ar gvaqvs Sesaferisi

pirobebi. Bbunebriv pirobebSi gadaRebisas Tvalebis kargad damuSavebuli

gamosaxulebis misaRebad saWiroa bunebrivi mimarTuli Suqis da Tvalebze

specialuri minaTebis SeTavseba. Mmzian dReebSi gadaRebisas mzis Suqi, ro-

gorc wesi, ar anaTebs Tvalebs, romlebic CrdilSi rCeba, zecis gafantuli

ganaTeba ekranze Tvalebis gamosaxulebis misaRebad sakmarisi ar aris.

Rrubliani amindis dros adamianis saxe ganaTebulia SedarebiT Tanabrad,

magram am SemTxvevaSic Tvalebi rCeba ufro daCrdiluli. Aamitom naturaze

gadaRebisas saWiroa Tvalebis damatebiTi minaTeba, rogorc es aris aRwe-

rili me-3 TavSi. Ggamonaklisia SemTxveva, rodesac gadaReba warmoebs mi-

marTul-gafantuli ganaTebiT gadaRebisas (mze imyofeba TeTr Rrublebs

miRma). Aam SemTxvevaSi Rrublebi mSvenivrad asruleben Crdilebis mimna-

Teblis funqcias da araviTari damatebiTi minaTeba aRar aris saWiro.

Kkargad naTdeba bunebrivi SuqiT Tvalebi da Crdilebi saxeze, roca

gadaReba mimdinareobs zamTarSi, radganac Tovlis TeTri fena TamaSobs

Taviseburi amreklavis rols da anaTebs Crdilebs.

Pportretebis gadaRebis xelsayreli pirobaa mimarTuli ganaTebis

amorCeva, ra Tqma unda, siuJetisa da gamomsaxvelobiTi amocanis Sesabami-

sad, saxis moculobiTi formebis gadmocemisaTvis an piriqiT, gamosaxule-

baSi maTi dafarvisaTvis. Aase magaliTad, mocullobis gadmosacemad sauke-

Tesoa diagonaluri an gverdiTi ganaTebis amorCeva. kontraJuruli an ga-

fantuli ganaTebisas saxis moculoba gadmoicema SedarebiT cudad.

peizaJebis gadaReba

kinogadaRebisas yoveli peizaJi SeiZleba iyos ara marto damoukide-

beli kadri, aramed foni adamianis moqmedebis saCveneblad. peizaJuri gada-

Rebis saSualebisa da Taviseburebebis codna SeiZleba gamogvadges qronika-

lur-dokumentaluri gadaRebebis drosac ki, rodesac ar gagvaCnia SesaZ-

lebloba, garkveuli organizeba gavukeToT gadaRebis obieqts.

Yyoveli peizaJi saintereso da gamomxatvelobiTia wlis da amindis

garkveul periodSi. fuWia fiqri imaze, rom peizaJis bunebrivi mdgomareoba

ar aris sakmarisad gamomxatveli da esaWiroeba Selamazeba, magaliTad

Suqfiltrebis meSveobiT kadris naturaluri tonalobis Secvla. Mmagram

56

vidre “gavaferadebT’’ bunebis cocxal suraTebs, iqneb jer vcadoT, gadmov-

ceT misi naturaluri mdgomareoba, ganaTebis Tavisebureba da silamaze.

PpeizaJuri gadaRebis mravalferovani da uricxvi SemTxvevebidan SeiZ-

leba gamoiyos mTavari jgufebi:

1.zafxulis peizaJebi bunebrivi simwvaniTa da cis silurjiT.

2.zamTris peizaJebi.

3.qalaqis peizaJebi.

4.zRvisa da wylis peizaJebi.

5.gadaReba mTaSi.

zafxullis peizaJebi

casa da mwvane bunebas gaaCniaT Zlier gansxvavebuli sikaSkaSe. simwvane

ireklavs dacemuli Suqis mxolod 4-5-dan 15-20%-mde da es damokidebulia

saerTo sinaTlis intesiurobasa da weliwadis droze. Mmag:Ggazafxulze

simwvane ufro naTel ferSia, vidre zafxulSi. ganaTebis igive pirobebSi ca

50-100-jer ufro naTelia, vidra miwa da simwvane. Aamis gamo zafxulis pei-

zaJebis gadaReba arc ise xelsayrelia maTi mxatvruli gadmocemis Tval-

sazrisiT.

Aarc Tu ise iSviaTad, gadaRebisas saqme gvaqvs gadasaRebi obieqtis si-

kaSkaSis sididesTan 1:100 da metic. Yyvelaze didi kontrasti iqmneba mow-

mendili cis dros, mzis kontraJuruli mdgomareobisas.

Aarc erT Tanamedrove SuqmgrZnobiare masalas, gansakuTrebiT ki Seq-

cevad firebs, ar SeuZliaT gadmogvcen gadasaRebi obieqti ekranze detale-

bis tonisa da feris mniSvnelovani darRvevis gareSe. Sav-TeTr firebs gaaC-

niaT fotografiuli sifarTove, romelic gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, gadmov-

ceT obieqtebi sikaSkaSis intervaliT 1:200, ferad firebs ki _ 1:30. rogor

moviqceT aseT SemTxvevaSi?

Uupirveles yovlisa, saWiroa, gavarkvioT, peizaJis romeli nawili un-

da gadmoices ucvlelad kadrSi da romel meorexarisxovan detalebs ar

mieqces yuradReba. aseTi detalebis gamorCeva Zneli ar aris. Aase magali-

Tad, Sori planis gadaRebisas, rodesac kadrSi Cans lamazad ganaTebuli cis

didi nawili da horizontze tyis zoli, gadaRebis mTavari obieqti iqneba

ca da eqspozicia yendeba imis mixedviT, rom miviRoT kadrSi cis saWiro

toni da feri. xolo Tu mTavaria tye da miwa, xolo ca meorexarisxovania,

gadaRebis eqspozicia gamoiTvleba miwisa da tyis mixedviT, xolo cis ga-

daTeTrebuli da Secvlili saxe mayureblis mxedvelobiT aRqmaze gavlenas

ar moaxdens. Ggarda amisa kontrastulobisa da tonalobis Sesacvlelad

SeiZleba Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba. Aase magaliTad, gamosaxulebaSi cis si-

kaSkaSe SeiZleba SevamciroT Sav-TeTr firze gadaRebisas obieqtivze yvi-

Teli, an momwvano-moyviTalo SuqfilTris dayenebiT. SeiZleba dayenebuli

iqnes polarizaciuli an neitraluri nacrisferi Suqfiltri.

Rrubliani cis dros, gafantuli ganaTebisas peizaJuri gadaRebis ob-

ieqtebs gaaCniaT mxolod maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli kontrastebi, romlebic

ar Zlierdeba SuqCrdiluri ganaTebiT. Mmagram am SemTxvevaSi ca gamosax-

ulebaSi gamodis Zalian didi sikaSkaSis. Mamis Sesamcireblad racionalu-

ria mxolod neitraluri nacrisferi Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba da sruliad

uSedegoa yviTeli SuqfiltrebiT muSaoba, romelic mxolod diafragmas

gagvaxsnevinebs da veraferSi dagvexmareba.

57

zamTris peizaJebi

Tovlze dacemuli Suqis arekvlis maRali donis gamo Tovlis zedapi-

ris sikaSkaSe Zalian didia. Aaxlad mosuli Tovli ireklavs masze dacemu-

li Suqis 90%. zamTarSi mzis simaRle horizontis mimarT sakmaod dabalia,

ris gamoc horizontaluri zedapirebis daCrdiluli nawilebi naTdeba mxi-

lod zecis gafantuli SuqiT. Aam zedapirebze iqmneba kargad gamoxatuli

reliefi, romelsac aZlierebs Crdilebi, kargad gadmoicema faqtura.

uRrublo cis SemTxvevaSi, Tovlian zedapirze kargad Cans Rrma lurji

Crdilebi, romlebic imyofebian kontrastSi kargad ganaTebul adgilebTan.

TeTri cis fonze myofi sxeulebis umravlesoba gadmoicema Zalian Savad,

radganac maTi amreklavi Tvisebebi gacilebiT mcirea. Aase magaliTad, Se-

nobebi, tye Tovlis fonze warmoCindeba CaSavebulad. Ees qmnis kontrasts,

rac odnav mcirdeba moRrubluli cis dros. ase rom, Tovliani peizaJebis

naturaze gadaRebisas Cven vawydebiT gadaRebis obieqtebis did sikaSkaSesa

da kontrastebs.

zamTris naturis gadaRebis dros, Tu gamosaxulebaSi siuJeturad mTa-

vari detalis gadmocema iTvaliswinebs adamianebis gadaRebas, maTi figure-

bi Tovlian zedapirze SeiZleba gamovides Zalian muqi, Tu eqspozicia

dayenebulia Tovlze, romelic kadrSi did adgils ikavebs. zamTarSi ar

aris didi sxvaoba zecisa da Tovlis sikaSkaSeSi, ris Sedegadac es obieq-

tebi SedarebiT kargad gadmoicema Sav-TeTr da ferad firebze.

moRrubluli cis dros xSirad ca ufro bneli Cans, vidre Tovli. am

SemTxvevaSi romelime Suqfiltris gamoyeneba ar aris racionaluri. rode-

sac saWiroeba moiTxovs, gadaviRoT muqi sxeuli an figura kargad ganaTe-

buli Tovlis fonze, Sesabamisad eqspozicia yendeba am figuraze, Tu igi

pirvel planze imyofeba.

zamTris naturaze portretebis gadaRebisas, saWiroa ise movaTavsoT

adamianis saxe kadrSi, rom Tovlis kaSkaSa fenam ar daikavos mniSvnello-

vani adgili. am SemTxvevaSi saukeTeso fonis rols asrulebs ca, an zam-

TrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli detalebi: daTovlili saxuravebi, tote-

bi.…zamTris naturaze, karg amindSi portretis gadaRebisas Zalian frTxi-

lad unda gamoviyenoTY yviTeli Suqfiltrebi, romlebmac SeiZleba saer-

Tod gaaqros saxesa da Tovlze arsebuli Crdilebi. es Zalian adidebs ga-

mosaxulebis kontrastulobas.

Tovlian naturaze saWiroa eqspozicia aviRoT zomaze odnav meti. Aa-

mis Sedegad gamosaxulebaSi miviRebT sufTa, kaSkaSa ferebs da kargad xi-

lul detalebs daCrdilul adgilebSi. amasTan Tovlis faqtura gamosax-

ulebaSi gamodis ukeTesad, xolo mis zedapirs ar dahkravs monacrisfro,

WuWyiani feri.

Eeqspoziciuri monacemebis amorCevisas rekomendirebulia, gamoTvla

vawarmooT misi odnavi momatebiT, radgan eqsponometriT Suqis gazomvisas

fotoelementze ecema bevri gafantuli Suqi, romelic ar iRebs monawi-

leobas gamosaxulebis agebaSi. amitomDmocemuli meTodiT Suqis gazomva

gamodis ufro zusti.

58

Qqalaqis peizaJebi

Qqalaqis adgilmdebareoba, saxlebi, Senobebi, romlebic ganaTebulia

mzis mimarTuli SuqiT, kinogadaRebisas qmnian Rrma kontrastul da kargad

gamoxatul Crdilebs. aseTi Crdilebi TiTqmis ar naTddeba cis gafanTuli

SuqiT, radgan dafarulni arian sxva SenobebiT. sxvadasxva ferad SeRebili

kedlebi gvaZleven sxvadasxva Suqisa da tonalobis kontrastebs. xolo as-

falti, saxuravebi da fanjris minebi xSirad iZlevian sarkisebr arekvlas

obieqtivisaken., gansakuTrebiT ki kontraJuruli ganaTebisas.

qalaqSi gadaRebisas metad mniSvnelovania gadaRebis drois sworad

SerCeva, radgan swored drois garkveul monakveTzea damokidebuli mzis

sxivebis saWiro mimarTuleba Senobebis mimarT, rodesac SuqCrdili aZlie-

rebs arqiteqturuli formebis gadmocemas. gadaRebis drois amorCeva moiT-

xovs ganaTebis pirobebis zust SerCevas da yuradRebis gamaxvilebas, radga-

nac mocemuli ganaTebis mdgomareoba mzis moZraobis mizeziT SeiZleba

Zirfesvianad Seicvalos raRac 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. mag: obieqtze

“mcuravi’’ mzis gverdiTi Suqi swrafad icvleba CrdiliT, ris Semdegac ob-

ieqti rCeba gaunaTebeli.

gadaRebis TvalsazrisiT qalaqSi muSaoba Zalian Znelia diliT an sa-

RamoTi, radgan dabali mzis Suqi xSirad ver atans Senobebs Soris. Aam

dros mzis SuqiT ganaTebulia mxolod Senobis zeda nawilebi, xolo da-

narCeni nageboba _ cis gafantuli SuqiT. Aam SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba miviRoT

gadaRebis Zalian saintereso Sedegi, Tu kargad SevarCevT Suqisa da Crdi-

lebis laqebis ganlagebas Cvens kadrSi. Fferadi gadaRebisas sasargebloa,

vicodeT, rom dilisa da saRamos saaTebSi gadaRebisas vRebulobT movardi-

sfro tonebs mziT ganaTebul detalebze da cis molurjo Crdilebs.

qalaqSi gadaRebisas saWiroa, vicodeT, rom Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba

zogjer ar gvaZlevs saTanado Sedegs, mag: Suqfiltrs ar SeuZlia daabnelos

ca. es xSirad xdeba zafxulis mSral cxel dReebSi, rodesac haeri gajere-

bulia mtvriT, romelic fantavs mzis grZeltalRovan sxivebs, romelTac

Suqfiltri gadascems firs. Aamave dros speqtris lurji, iisferi sxivebi

naklebad xvdebian firze.

wvimaSi gadaRebisas ekranze kargad gadmoicema sivrce, xolo sveli

amreklavi zedapirebi acocxleben gamosaxulebas.

gadaRebis obieqtebis umravlesoba qalaqSi xasiaTdeba didi kontras-

tebiT. amitom eqspozicia unda dayendes siuJeturad mTavar obieqtze.

CrdilebSi myofi detalebis gadmocemis aucileblobis dros eqspozicia

yendeba Crdilebze. am SemTxvevaSi Suqebi gadmoicema gamosaxulebaSi Za-

lian naTlad, magram amas ara aqvs didi mniSvneloba, Tu mas kadrSi ar

gaaCnia seriozuli siuJeturi datvirTva.

zRvisa da wylis peizaJebi

59

wylis zedapiri mudam ireklavs mzis Suqs da aqvs cis Sesatyvisi feri.

wylis brtyeli zedapiri ireklavs masze dacemul Suqs mimarTulad. Aamitom

Cndeba wyalze anareklebi, gansakuTrebiT ki mzis kontraJuruli mdebareo-

bisas, rodesac misi simaRle horizontidan didi ara aris. mdinareebis,

wyalsacavebis zedapirze dilis saaTebSi xSirad Cndeba nisli. Ees obieqte-

bi xasiaTdeba saSualo kontrastulobiT da ra Tqma unda, ganaTebis kon-

traJuruli mdgomareobis garda mosaxerxebelni arian gadaRebisTvis.

yviTeli Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasurvelia

SevinarCunoT bunebrivi minaTeba cidan, ar gaxlavT mizanSewonili. Mmcire

simkvrivis yviTeli Suqfiltrebic ki gamosaxulebaSi amcireben ciT gana-

Tebuli wylis zedapiris sikaSkaSes da wylis zedapiri ekranze gamodis Ca-

Savebuli da ufaqturo.

gansakuTrebiT rTulia gadaReba Sav-TeTr firze wylis peizaJebis

kontraJuruli ganaTebisas, rodesac gvinda miviRoT Ramis efeqti. aseT ga-

daRebas awarmoeben wiTeli SuqfiltrebiT diliT an saRamoTi, rodesac

mzis dabali mdgomareobis Sesabamisad gveZleva SesaZlebloba, miviRoT ga-

mosaxulebaSi Savi an TiTqmis Savi wylis zedapiri, ca da kaSkaSa anarek-

lebi. anareklebis sikaSkaSis regulireba SeiZleba polarizaciuli Suq-

filtrebis meSveobiT.

specifikuria SemTxveva, rodesac mze imyofeba kadrSi. Ees yvelasaTvis

cnobili mzis amosvlisa da Casvlis kadrebia. Eekranze kargi Sedegis misa-

Rebad saWiroa, SevarCioT iseTi dro, rodesac mze imyofeba gamWirvale

Rrublebs miRma, mkvriv haerovan kvamlSi. mzesTan myofi Rrublebi iZenen

Tbil ferebs, rac gansakuTrebiT lamazad Cans feradi gadaRebisas.

moRrublulobis dros sakmaod advildeba wylis zedapiris gadaReba.

naklebad kontrastuli obieqtebis gadaRebisaTvis Zalian sasargebloa is

faqti, rom wylis gamosaxulebas yvelanair amindSi gaaCnia anareklebi, es

ki yovelTvis acocxlebs gamosaxulebaas.

gadaReba mTebSi

am dros saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime damaxasiaTebeli Tavise-

bureba. ase magaliTad: mTebSi asvlisas mcirdeba atmosferos sisqe, haeri

xdeba sufTa, ca muqi lurji, moSavo. Ddid simaRleze mzis Suqi aris ufro

intesiuri, xolo atmosferoSi gafantuli Suqis sidide sakmaod mcirdeba.

Aam mizezebis gamo izrdeba ganaTebis kontrasti. mTebSi icvleba mzis Su-

qis speqtraluri Semadgenloba, izrdeba ultraiisferi sxivebis raodenoba.

Ggamosaxulebaze bunebrivi dRis efeqtis misaRebad, mTebSi Sav-TeTr firze

gadaRebisas dauSvebelia Tundac mcire simkvrivis Suqfiltrebis gamoyeneba.

Mmkvriv yviTel Suqfiltrs SeuZlia Ramis efeqtis gadmocema Savi ciTa da

adamianTa saxeebis daumuSavebeli faqturiT. siuJeturi scenebis gadaReba

mTebSi Cveulebriv moiTxovs Crdilebis damatebiT minaTebas, amisaTvis ga-

moiyeneba dasaSleli mimnaTebel-amreklavebi, romlebic SeiZleba gadaiWi-

mos CarCoze. sasargebloa, racionalurad gamoviyenoT bunebrivi sinaTliT

minaTeba, romlebic warmoiqmneba mTebSi arsebulli Tovliani zedapirebisa

da myinvarebisagan.

60

maRal mTebSi izrdeba mzis ganaTebis sikaSkaSe da misi firze zemoq-

medebis aqtiuroba ara marto gafantuli Suqis Semcirebis gamo, aramed

mzis speqtrSi ultraiisferi sxivebis momatebis da simaRlis Sedegad. es

moiTxovs eqspoziciis Semcirebas orjer an oTxjer Cveulebriv pirobebTan

SedarebiT.

ultraiisferi sxivebis aqtiuri moqmedebis Sesamcireblad sasurvelia,

gamoyenebuli iqnas specialuri molurjo-cisferi Suqfiltrebi, romelic

akavebs am sxivebs.

unda gvaxsovdes, rom 16mm kinofirze kadri Zalian patara zomisaa, amis

gamo xSirad gamodis bundovani gamosaxuleba, Tuki viRebT Suqfiltrebis

gamoyenebiT. amitom maTi moxmareba mizanSewonilia mxolod ukidures

SemTxvevaSi, mag: peizaJuri gadaRebisas. garda amisa, portretuli gadaRebis

dros saerTod ar aris saWiro Suqfiltri, radgan igi xels uSlis cis ga-

fantuli SuqiT adamianis saxis Crdilebis minaTebas, rasac mosdevs gamo-

saxulebis kontrastis momateba.

Dda kidev erTi Tavisebureba. Suqfiltrebi moiTxoven, rom mzis blen-

debis Sida zedapiri iyos idealurad Savi, raTa Suqfiltris zedapirze ar

moxvdes blendis zedapiridan areklili sinaTle. M blendebiT muSaoba,

romlebic Signidan dafarulia mbzinavi Savi saRebaviT, rekomendirebuli

ar aris.

Fferadi gadaRebisas xSirad gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rodesac saWiroa natu-

raze vawarmooT gadaReba pavilionisaTvis gankuTvnili kinofiriT, ami-

saTvis saWiroa firis speqtraluri SuqmgrZnobeloba Seicvalos, rac keTde-

ba kameris obieqtivis win sakompensacio Suqfiltris dayenebiT.

gadaReba naturalur interierebsa da dekoraciebSi

xSir SemTvevaSi, roca saWiroa, aSendes rTuli da specialuri dekora-

ciebi, rac moiTxovs ganaTebis aparaturis mravalricxovnebas da aseve did

materialur xarjebs, gadaReba SeiZleba Catardes bunebriv interierebSi,

Senobis Sida nawilebSi, rasac gaaCnia gansakuTrebuli Taviseburebebi. Aase

mag: naturalur interierebSi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, Semodis didi raodenobiT

bunebrivi sinaTle, romlis feris Semadgenloba gansxvavebulia im xelovnu-

ri sinaTlis feris temperaturisgan, romlebic gamoiyeneba interierebSi

saeqspozicio sinaTlisa da sxva mxatvruli efeqtebis Sesaqmnelad. aseT

SemTxvevaSi saWiroa, moxdes bunebrivi sinaTlisa da xelovnuri sinaTlis

ferebis dabalanseba, rac warmoebs sakompensacio filtrebis saSualebiT.

Ffiltrebis saxeoba damokidebulia im firis fermgrZnobelobaze, ra saxis

firic gamoiyeneba arsebuli sinaTlis pirobebSi gadaRebisaTvis (fi-

ri_xelovnuri ganaTebis pirobebSi gadaRebisaTvis, firi_naturaluri si-

naTlis pirobebSi gadaRebisaTvis; filtrebi_ Ria moyviTalo-Calisferi;

Ria cisferi)

miuxedavad am siZneleebisa, operatorma arasodes ar unda Tqvas uari

sxvadasxva Senobebis interierebSi gadaRebaze. interieri SeiZleba iyos

Cveulebrivi bina, lifti, avtomobili, klubi an restorani da a.S. interie-

rebSi gadaRebisas yovelTvis aris bunebrivi Suqi sxvadasxva SefardebiT.

fanjrebidan Semomavali mzis Suqi Tu anTebuli brebi da WaRebi, romlebic

61

aZleven gamosaxulebas bunebriobis, realurobis SegrZnebas. aseTi gadaRebe-

bis warmoebisas ar aris saWiro ganaTebis im specialuri sistemis Seqmna,

rac axasiaTebs pavilionis gadaRebebs, aramed racionalurad unda iqnes ga-

moyenebuli SenobaSi arsebuli ganaTeba, romelsac mxolod SevavsebT ram-

denime sinaTlis wyaroTi, Tuki ar iqneba sakmarisi SenobaSi arsebuli ga-

naTeba normaluri gamosaxulebis misaRebaad.

gadaRebisTvis interieris SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom sa-

survelia bunebrivi SuqiT ganaTebulli iyos foni, didi farTobis darba-

zebi, radgan pirvel planze myofi figuris minaTeba Zneli ar aris da

moiTxovs or-sam sinaTlis wyaros.

inteerierSi bunebrivi sinaTliT gadaRebis ori saxeoba arsebobs:

1)SenobaSi SemoWrili dRis Suqi aris mTavari ara marto gadaRebis

Catarebis teqnikuri SesaZleblobebis SeqmnisaTvis, aramed qmnis Suqis saWi-

ro suraTs obieqtze. am SemTxvevaSi ganaTebis aparaturiT Crdilebis mina-

Tebas aqvs daqvemdebarebuli mdgomareoba da xorcieldeba erTi an ori si-

naTlis wyaroTi: pirveli planis scenebisa da fonisaTvis cal-calke.

Yyvelaze xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac gadaReba warmoebs vrcel, naTel

SenobebSi, romelic kargadaa ganaTebuli didi fanjrebidan an minis saxura-

vidan Semomavali SuqiT.

Ggamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom kinokadris kompoziciis agebisas, saWi-

roa, moveridoT adamianis an siuJeturad mTavari figuris moTavsebas Seno-

baSi SemoWrili mzis Suqis kaSkaSa laqaSi. es qmnis gadaRebis fotografi-

ulad ganuxorcielebad pirobebs didi kontrastulobis gamo. amave dros

mzis Suqis laqebi iatakze, fonis elementebze, daCrdilul detalebTan

mimrTebaSi ekranidan aRiqmeba rogorc zedmetad ganaTebuli obieqtebi. am

SemTxvevaSi obieqtivis diafragma yendeba Crdilebis mixedviT anu gafan-

tuli bunebrivi sinaTlis donis mixedviT da gamoiyeneba minaTebis

sxvadsxva saSualebebi. Bbunebriv interierebSi gadaRebisas SeiZleba gamoye-

nebuli iqnas rogorc mimarTuli (mzian dRes), ise gafantuli (Rrublian

amindSi) Suqi.

2)interierSi bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebSi gadaRebis meore saxeobaa,

rodesac bunebrivi Suqi gamoiyeneba, rogorc minaTebis saSualeba. Aam

SemTxvevaSi dRis sinaTle asrulebs Semavsebeli Suqis funqciebs da auci-

leblad unda SeuTavsdes xelovnur Suqs.

Ddidi raodenobis ganaTebis aparaturis gamoyenebiTac ki SeuZlebelia

ganaTdes vrceli farTobis mqone Senoba, mag: darbazebi an qarxnis saam-

qroebi. aq mTavari adgili uWiravs bunebriv gafantul ganaTebas. gadaRebis

aseT SemTxvevebSi sasargebloa gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime rCeva.

rodesac darbazebi, sadac mimdinareobs gadaReba, Cabnelebulia, pirve-

li planis obieqtis gadaReba mizanSewonilia xelovnuri sinaTlis gamoye-

nebiT, xolo bunebrivi Suqi gamoiyeneba fonis gasanaTeblad.

gadaReba SegviZlia vawarmooT ferad firze Zalian bnel SenobaSic ki,

eleqtruli ganaTebis gareSe. Aase magaliTad erT-erTma cnobilma rusma

operatorma SeZlo Zveli rusi mxatvris Aandrei rubliovis freskebis ga-

daReba bnel taZarSi, sadac ganaTebis aparaturis gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli

iyo. gamosavali moiZebna Semdegnairad: taZris ezoSi daidga sarkeebi, ro-

melmac airekla bunebrivi sinaTle, ris Semdeg igi SemoiWra taZris gaxsnil

62

karSi, daeca ra SenobaSi moTavsebul sxva amreklav saSualebas, mimarTuli

iqna freskaze. Aaman operators misca ferad firze gadaRebis saSualeba.

Nnaturalur interierSi gadaRebisas metad mniSvnelovania ganaTebis

saukeTeso momentis amorCeva, mag: roca SenobaSi iWreba mzis Suqi da qmnis

anareklebs fonze. Mmzis Suqis sinaTlis balansireba SenobaSi SedarebiT

advilad SeiZleba fanjaraze marlis damaCrdileblis moTavsebiT.

Zalian saintereso Sedegs iZleva mTavari obieqtis gadaReba didi fan-

jrebis an minis kedlebis fonze, rodesac obieqtis ukan Cans quCa an sxva

Senoba. Tu am SemTxvevaSi ar gvaqvs SesaZlebloba gavanaToT pirveli pla-

nis obieqti, sinaTlis fonTan saWiro balansis damyarebisaTvis ukeTesia

davelodoT dabindebas, rodesac fonis bunebrivi ganaTeba ecema, an unda

movaTavsoT obieqti bneli Senobebis an quCis fonze. cis fonis gamoyeneba

am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba, radgan SeuZlebelia misi daCrdilva.

Nnaturalur interierSi gadaRebis yvela SemTxvevaSi eqspozicia ga-

moiTvleba naturaze gadaRebis saerTo formuliT: igi yendeba fonis gana-

Tebis mixedviT, xolo pirveli planis scena naTdeba xelovnuri Suqis wya-

roebiT, fonisaTvis gaTvlili eqspoziciis Sesabamisad. Ppirveli planisa

da fonis sikaSkaSeebis balansireba saWiroa mxolod msxvili da saSualo

planebis gadaRebisas, rodesac adamianis saxis gamometyveleba Cans mxolod

Soridan, minaTebam unda Seamciros kontrastebi fonze firis Tvisebebis

Sesabamisad. Ees xorcieldeba ganaTebis aparaturis saSualebiT, romlebic

montaJdeba pirveli planis Crdilebisa da fonis misanaTeblad.

gadaRebisaTvis interieris SerCevisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT ara mar-

to Senobis saerTo ganaTeba, aramed misi feric. Aase magaliTad muqi ked-

lebis ganaTeba Znelia, isini mcired ireklaven Suqs. ukeTesia gamoviyenoT

iseTi kedlebi, romlebic SeRebilia naTeli feris saRebaviT.

Fferadi gadaRebisas unda veridoT muq-mwvane da lurji feris kedlebs,

romlebic umravles SemTxvevaSi damaxinjebulad gadmoicema ekranze da ar

imyofeba harmoniaSi adamianis saxis ferTan.

Dstudiis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia ubralo dekoraciebis ageba, sadac

gadaReba warmoebuli iqneba bunebrivi Suqis gamoyenebiT. Ees mogvcems ara

marto ganaTebis amocanis gadaWris SesaZleblobas, aramed SevZlebT erT

kadrSi movaTavsoT SenobaSi da naturaze mimdinare moqmedeba. mag: SesaZ-

lebelia adamiani idges fanjarasTan da gahyurebddes bunebas, Sevides oTax-

Si da a.S. ubralo, erTi kedlisa da Ffanjrisgan Semdgari dekoraciis dam-

zadeba Zneli ar aris.

Nnaturisa da dekoraciis Serwymisagan gamomdinare saintereso SesaZ-

leblobis garda, aseT dekoraciebSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas bunebrivi

Suqi, rogorc mimarTuli, ise gafantuli. xolo misanaTeblebiTa da da-

maCrdileblebiT muSaoba mogvcems saWiro Sedegs.

kinogadamRebi aparatisa da optikis movla

kinoaparati aris zusti meqanizmi da moiTxovs saTuT mopyrobas. igi

daculi unda iyos dartymebisagan, WuWyisgan. Kkameris meqanizmi periodulad

unda gasufTavdes da Semowmdes specialur saxelosnoSi. Kkameris moulod-

neli gaCerebisas aucileblad unda mivmarToT specialists.

63

aparatis saimedo muSaobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs masTan mopyro-

bis sifaqizes, ar SeiZleba kameris daSla Tavad operatoris mier, Tu ki

mas ar aqvs saTanado gamocdileba. amasTan kamera unda inaxebodes absolu-

tur sisufTaveSi. Kkameris gasufTaveba garedan da Signidan xdeba kargad

garecxili rbili naWriT. kameris SigniTa nawilebis, gansakuTrebiT fil-

marxis CarCos gawmendisas unda vufrTxildeT misi detalebis dazianebas,

sasurvelia sawmendi naWeri daxveuli iqnas Cxirze. gansakuTrebiT frTxilad

unda viyoT filmarxis gawmendisas optiuratoris an sagreifero meqanizmis

mimarT (sasurvelia, maT ar SevexoT).

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom kamera daculi unda iyos mtvris moxvedrisgan,

rac ZiriTadad xdeba optikis gamocvlis an firis Cadebis dros, am SemTxve-

vaSi aparati unda daitenos Sav tomaraSi, an iseT adgilas, sadac ar aris

mtveri.

reportaJuli gadaRebebisas, rodesac ar gvaqvs saSualeba, SevarCioT

aparatis firiT datenvisTvis sasurveli adgili, gadaRebis damTavrebis

Semdeg aucileblad unda gasufTavdes kamera mtvrisgan, gansakuTrebiT fil-

marxi da kasetebi.

Mmtveri SeiZleba moxvdes aparatSi ara mxolod misi gaxsnisas, aramed

kasetebTan erTad. Aamitom ukeTesia kasetebi SevinaxoT celofnis an qa-

Raldis parkSi. rekomendirebuli ar aris gaxsnili kasetebis Senaxva Cemo-

danSi. Tu kameraze obieqtivi ar ayenia, obieqtivis Casaxraxni adgili au-

cileblad unda iyos dagmanuli specialuri sacobiT. Ees exeba viziris mi-

krooptikasac. Aam zomebis miReba aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom Ria adgile-

bidan ar moxvdes aparatSi mtveri, romelic momavalSi warmoqmnis naka-

wrebs firis zedapirze.

Aaparatis mwyobridan gamosvla xSirad dakavSirebulia kasetebis aras-

wor datenvasTan. Kkasetebis firiT datenva aris metad sapasuxismgeblo

operacia. Ddatenvisas aucilebelia firis saWiro zomisa da formis maryu-

Jis dayeneba, radgan filmarxSi firi moZraobs naxtomiseburad. maryuJis

dayenebisas saWiroa, davcvaT didi sizuste, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi kameris

muSaobis dros, SeiZleba romelime adgilas qaosurad dagrovdes firi da

warmoiqmnas e.w. “salaTi’’, romelic erTmaneTze daxveuli firiT aavsebs ka-

meris Sida nawils. gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aparats ar gaaC-

nia specialuri meqanizmi, romelic mas icavs firis Caxvevisagan. saWiroa

zogjer kamera gaixsnas Suqze kameris Caxveuli firisagan gasaTavisufleb-

lad, rac gamoiwvevs ukve gadaRebuli masalis gasinaTlebas.

“salaTisgan’’ gaTavisufleba Zalian usiamovno operaciaa, misi Catare-

bisas araa saWssiro Zalis gamoyeneba an metismeti aCqareba. Amas xSirad

mosdevs aparatis seriozuli dazianeba, greiferis meqanizmis kbilebis da-

zianeba da sxva usiamovnebani, romlebic moiTxoven kvalificiur da Zvira-

dRirebul SekeTebas.

zemoT Cven bevri visaubreT “salaTis” warmoqmnis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis

rom msgavsi usiamovnebebi Tavidan aviciloT, damwyebma operatorebma Tav-

dapirvelad kasetebi unda datenos gasinaTlebuli firiT Cveulebriv Suqze

da mxolod amis Semdeg unda gaimeoros es procedura dasateni tomris ga-

moyenebiT. amiT is gamoimuSavebs praqtikul Cvevebs da Tavs daicavs moma-

vali wunisgan. SesaZlebelia kasetebi daitenos tomris gareSec, dRis si-

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naTleze, rac gamoiwvevs firis pirveli xveulis gasinaTlebas, magram jo-

bia, gavafuWoT firis patara nawili, vidre davazianoT mTlianad kaseta.

Tumca msgavs SemTxvevaSic rekomendirebulia es procedura Catardes

CrdilSi, mzisgan dafarul adgilebSi.

Aarsebobs kasetebis firiT datenvis ramdenime wesi, romlis codnac sa-

valdebuloa yvela operatorisaTvis. Tuki Kkameras ar gaaCnia kasetebi da

firi ixveva pirdapir babinebze, aucileblad unda Semowmdes babinis zedapi-

rebis paraleluroba (siswore) mWidrod daxveuli gasinaTlebuli firis sa-

SualebiT. Bbabina rbili metalisgan mzaddeba da Sesabamisad, advilad de-

formirdeba. sul umniSvnelo deformaciam ki SeiZleba firis gadaxvevis

Seyovnebamde da “salaTamde” migviyvanos.

Kkasetis firiT aRWurvis drosU gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi garemoe-

bebi: yvela gorgolaWi Tavisuflad unda moZraobdes, filmarxi gasufTave-

buli unda iyos firis umniSvnelo nakuwebisganac ki, xufi mWidrod unda

iqnes morgebuli, yuradReba mivaqcioT, raTa gadaxrili ar iyos gorgola-

Webisa da babinebis RerZebi. kaseta Txeli metalisaganaa damzadebuli da

sul advilia misi dazianeba araswori datenvisas gamoCenili umniSvnelo

Zaldatanebis SemTxvevaSi.

Aarasodes iCqaroT kasetis datenvis dros, miT ufro rom es operacia

umetesad gadaRebis dawyebamde ramdenime xniT adre tardeba. aCqarebam

SeiZleba gamoiwvios gorgolaWebis da babinis RerZebis dazianeba, Aaseve

SesaZlebelia arasworad daayenoT maryuJi, ris gamoc kaseta “uars gety-

viT’’ gadaRebaze.

mniSvnelovani gadaRebis win aucileblad unda datenoT kamera firiT

da SeamowmoT ramdenad gamarTulad muSaobs igi gadaRebis sxvadasxva six-

Sireze.

xSirad kadris cimcimi ekranze da misi aradamakmayofilebeli mdgra-

doba gamowveulia kameris firiT datenvisas maryuJis dayenebis sizustis

darRveviT da firis matransportirebeli meqanizmis Seyovnebuli muSaobiT.

Arc Tu iSviaTad “salaTi” da firis gadaxvevis sizustis darRveva ga-

mowveulia gadaRebis sixSiris cvliT.

Aaparatis gamarTuli muSaobis garantias iZleva ara marto zemoT

moyvanili wesebis codna, aramed im instruqciiT xelmZRvaneloba, romelic

Tan mohyveba yvela kameras.

gafrTxileba sWirdeba rogorc kasetebs, aseve optikas, romelic auci-

leblad unda davicvaT zedapiruli dazianebisagan. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar

unda daSaloT obieqtivi da gadasaRebi kamera. Aar SeiZleba obieqtivis

linzebze xelis xleba. Oobieqtivi unda gaiwmindos rac SeiZleba iSviaTad,

zedapirze moxvedrili mtveri unda moscildes RrubeliT, xolo amis Semdeg

gaiwmindos rbili funjiT.

Llinzis zedapirze warmoqmnili laqa unda gaiwmindos mSrali bambiT.

Tuki es ar mogvcems Sedegs, am SemTxvevaSi bamba an rbili naWeri davax-

vioT xis wkirze, davasveloT spirtiT da ise gavwmindoT. gasufTavebisas

wkiri sasurvelia vamoZraoT spiraliseburad _ centridan kideebisken. Tum-

ca am SemTxvevaSic unda davicvaT sifrTxile, bamba zedmetad ar gavJRin-

ToT spirtiT, radgan man SeiZleba, SeaRwios linzis kideebidan da daazia-

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nos obieqtivi. Tuki ar gvaqvs spirti, maSin davaorTqloT linzaze da

gavwmindoT mSrali naWriT.

Ooptika aucileblad unda davicvaT temperaturis mkveTri ryevisgan.

magaliTad, dauSvebelia kameris yinvidan pirdapir Tbil oTaxSi Semotana,

radgan am dros aparatis zedapirze warmoiqmneba nami. Aamitom oTaxSi Se-

motanamde kamera aucileblad unda Caidos Tavis futliarSi da sasurvelia

SeifuTos Salis naWerSi. marTalia Tbili oTaxidan yinvaSi gasvlisas ka-

meras gansakuTrebuli mofrTxileba ar sWirdeba, magram rekomendirebulia

gadaRebis SualedebSi misi yinvisgan dacva. magaliTad, operatorebi xSirad

kameras Tavisi paltos an qurTukis qveS Seafareben xolme.

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom damwyebi operatorebis filmebi savsea

xarvezebiT: kadris aramdgradoba da gadaxra, araswori panoramireba, naka-

wrebi firze da a.S. SeiZleba filmis siuJeti sakmaod saintereso iyos, ma-

gram arsebulma xarvezebma STabeWdileba gaufuWos mayurebels. Aamis Tavi-

dan asarideblad, sasurveli da aucilebelia panoramuli gadaReba awar-

mooT Stativis da panoramuli Tavakebis gamoyenebiT. Stativi SeiZleba

gamoiyenoT maSinac ki, roca ar akeTebT panoramirebas,Aamis Sedegad mii-

RebT mdgrad kadrebs. ra Tqma unda, es ar exeba gadaRebas xalxis masaSi an

movlenebis swrafad ganviTarebis dros. Tumca aseT SemTxvevebSic mkacrad

unda vakontroloT gadaRebis pozicia da kamera instruqciis Sesabamisad

gveWiros xelSi.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom kamera arc ise mZimea, igi aucileblad unda gve-

Wiros orive xeliT da mWidrod mividoT saxeze. gadaRebis dros unda mivi-

RoT myari pozicia, ramdenadme gvdgaT fexebi ganze, xolo idayvebi Zalda-

tanebis gareSe mivabjinoT tans. moZraobiT gdaRebisas kamera saimedod un-

da damagrdes moZrav saganze, es SeiZleba moaxerxoT xeliT an specialuri

samagriT.

Dda bolos oriode sityviT SevexoT blendas. Ees patara mowyobiloba

did rols TamaSobs kargi gamosaxulebis miRebaSi. Bblenda ara marto

icavs obieqtivs mzis pirdapiri sxivebisgan, mag: gverdiTi an kontraJuruli

ganaTebis dros, aramed xels uSlis parazituli anareklebis da kadrisTvis

arasaWiro naTeli sagnebis moxvedras obieqtivSi. aucilebelia blendebis

gamoyeneba grZelfokusiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebisas, sadac anareklebis da

refleqsebis SemoWris saSiSroeba gansakuTrebiT didia linzis zedapiris

mniSvnelovani zomis da minis sisqis gamo.

kinogadaRebis teqnika - tsu.ge shengelia... · sxvadasxva ideur-xelovnebiTi da Tematuri amocanebis...

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Transcript of kinogadaRebis teqnika - tsu.ge shengelia... · sxvadasxva ideur-xelovnebiTi da Tematuri amocanebis...