Kingdom ProtistaMost diverse of all the

Kingdoms

Kingdom Protista- Basic Characteristics

1. Eukaryote: cells with nucleus (organelles)

2. Unicellular or Multicellular3. Autotrophs or heterotrophs4. Variation in movement5. Contain both plant and animal

characteristics6. Asexual reproduction (fission) in all, some

have types of sexual reproduction

Classifying Protists Some scientists classify protists by their

methods of obtaining nutrition.

1. Animal-like protists (PROTOZOANS)• Classified based on method of movement

2. Plantlike protists (ALGAE)• Classified based on color pigment

3. Funguslike protists• Classified based on method of reproduction

The Protozoans (Animal-like)A. Phylum Ciliophora (Paramecium)

1. Have cilia for movement2. Pellicle for support3. Macronucleus4. Micronucleus- used for reproduction5. Contractile vacuole- get rid of excess water6. Oral groove: where the food enters cell7. Gullet: forms the food vacuoles8. Food vacuoles: store food9. Anal pore: removes wastes10. Trichocysts: used for protection (self defense)11. Cytoplasm

ParameciumParamecium

Paramecium Characteristics1. Cilia beat rapidly- move very fast

(wave like motion)

2. Food gettinga. Cilia pull food into the oral grooveb. Gullet encloses food in a food vacuole

3. Reproductiona. Asexual (fission)b. Sexual (conjugation)

i. Exchange of genetic material

The Protozoans (Animal-like)B. Phylum Rhizopoda (Amoeba)

1. Cell Membrane2. Nucleus3. Contractile vacuole: expels excess water4. Ectoplasm: clear outer cytoplasm5. Endoplasm: dense inner cytoplasm6. Pseudopod: (false feet) how they move & obtain food7. Food vacuole: stores & digests food

Amoeba Characteristics1. Movement: gel-sol reaction (move very slow) 2. Food getting: phagocytosis (engulfs food)

a. Pseudopods trap food and form a vacuoleb. Enzymes digest food

3. Reprodution: asexual (fission)

The Protozoans (Animal-like)C. Phylum Sporozoa (plasmodium)

1. All are parasites2. Cause malaria

D. Phylum Zoomatigina1. Zooflagellates2. Cause disease transferred by insects

Algae (Plant-like Protists)A. Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)

1. Diatomaceous earth: used for toothpaste and insecticides

Algae (Plant-like Protists)A. Phylum Euglenophyta

(Euglena)1. Flagella used for

movement2. Eyespot: used to detect

light3. Contractile vacuole:

expels excess water4. Chloroplasts: makes food5. Nucleus: controls the cell6. Pellicle: helps keep the

shape

Euglena Characteristics1. Movement: twirling of flagella pulls euglena

through watera. Movement is slow

2. Food getting: autotrophic & heterotrophica. Uses eye spot to get to lightb. Can absorb food across cell membrane

3. Reproductiona. Asexual (fission)

Fungus-like Protists Absorb nutrients from decaying organic

material (heterotrophic) Include slime molds