Kingdom Protista The most diverse group of organisms.
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Transcript of Kingdom Protista The most diverse group of organisms.
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Kingdom Protista
The most diverse group of organisms
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Discovery of Protists• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Lived around 300 years ago– First to use a microscope to
see cells
– “No more pleasant sight has met my eye than this of so many thousands of living creatures in one small drop of water.”
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What can you find in a single drop of water??
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Evolution of Protists
• Evolved from prokaryotes 1.5 billion years ago• Protists are the first known eukaryotic
organisms• They would lead to the evolution of fungi,
plants and animals
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What is a protist?• A eukaryote that cannot be classified as fungi, plant or animal
• An organism that has very diverse characteristics
• A microscopic organism that lives in water
• Can be grouped into two general categories:– Protozoa– Algae
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How many cells?? (It depends!)
• Most protists are unicellular, but some are multicellular
• Some are colonial– each individual has a specific number of cells– all individuals together make up the colony– the colony acts like a multi-celled organism
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Volvox Colonies
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3471807967695834419
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What is their function? (It depends!)
Some are…• Producers– many protists are photosynthetic and are major
contributors to the Earth’s oxygen atmosphere• Consumers– some protists eat other organisms for energy
• Decomposers– some breakdown dead organisms to return
nutrients to the soil
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The Protozoa Blues
• http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3578205676570425677&q=protozoa+site%3Avideo.google.com&total=13&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=2
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Protists: The 411
1. All are Eukaryotes2. All are aerobic (require oxygen)
3. All have mitochondria4. All live in water-based environments
(fresh water, oceans and seas, damp soil, snow)
5. Some have chloroplasts6. Some reproduce asexually, some sexually
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3 Main Types
• Plant-like protists
• Animal-like protists
• Fungus-like protists
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Plant-like Protists (AKA algae)
• Algae are protists that are strictly photosynthetic• Algae are distinguished by the type
of photosynthetic pigment they contain• Algae are also classified based on
their cell or body shape
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Green Algae – Phylum Chlorophyta
• Most are found in freshwater
• Major part of plankton (small organisms found on the surface of a body of water)
• Contain chloroplasts and undergo photosynthesis
Biscayne Bay – Miami, FL
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Brown Algae – Phylum
Phaeophyta• Multicellular• Found in marine and
coastal regions• Examples: kelp, seaweed• Can be up to 30 m long• Provide protection and
shelter for many coastal fish
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Red Algae – Phylum
Rhodophyta
• Multicellular• Found in tropical
zones and deep ocean regions
• Able to absorb light that penetrates deep waters
Caloosahatchee River, SE Florida(Gulf of Mexico side of Florida)
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Diatoms – Phylum
Bacillariophyta
• Unicellular• Cell wall contains silica
(mineral found in glass)• Double shell (fits
together like the bottom and top of a shoe box)
• Their shells are used to make reflective paints
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Dinoflagellates – Phylum Dinoflagellata
• Have 2 flagella• Huge increases in
population cause red tides = fish are killed due to less oxygen in the water, water looks red due to overpopulation
• Most are found in saltwater
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Euglenoids – Phylum Euglenophyta
• One flagella
• Eyespot – light sensitive organ that tells the organism to move toward light
• Found mostly in freshwater
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Animal-like Protists (AKA protozoa)
• Classified based on their type of nutrition• Ingest their food by endocytosis (engulfing
food into the cytoplasm)
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Paramecium – Phylum Ciliophora
• Move by beating tiny hair-like structures called cilia
• The cilia act in unison like oars on a boat• Have one large contractile vacuole for water
and waste storage
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Amoebas – Phylum Rhizopoda
• Move by pseudopodia(false feet)
• Amoebas can live in water, soil or living organisms
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Sporozoans – Phylum
Apicomplexa
• All parasites• Transmitted
through blood-eating insects or feces
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Malaria• One of the most deadly diseases in humans• Caused by a protist called plasmodium• A mosquito bites an individual and the protist is
injected into the blood stream• Over 100 million people have malaria• Up to 3 million people, mostly children, die from it
every year
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• Symptoms include severe chills, fever, sweating, and confusion
• Victims typically die of other related complications including anemia, kidney failure or brain damage
• Malaria and fake drugs: http://video.google.com/videoplay?
docid=8997083794746163547&q=malaria&total=1547&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=3 (first 10 minutes)
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Fungus-like Protists (AKA molds)• Two groups– Plasmodial slime molds• Phylum Myxomycota• Look like oozing slime• Absorb bacteria and nutrients as they slowly move
– Water molds• Phylum Oomycota• Usually feed on dead material • Responsible for the potato famine in Ireland (1845-
1850) that killed almost 1 million people