Kevin Angle April 17, 2003 Mechanical Option Faculty Consultant – Mr. Freihaut ALLEGIS GROUP...

Kevin Angle

April 17, 2003

Mechanical Option

Faculty Consultant – Mr. Freihaut

ALLEGIS GROUP HEADQUARTERS

ObjectivesObjectives

Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions Background InformationBackground Information Project TeamProject Team

Existing Mechanical SystemExisting Mechanical SystemWhat does Geothermal mean to you?What does Geothermal mean to you?Surface Water SystemsSurface Water Systems

How do they work?How do they work? Site Selection (Soil Analysis)Site Selection (Soil Analysis) Pond RequirementsPond Requirements Design ConditionsDesign Conditions

Redesign of Allegis Group HeadquartersRedesign of Allegis Group HeadquartersCost AnalysisCost AnalysisRecommendations / ConclusionsRecommendations / Conclusions

Kevin Angle Mechanical Option - 2003



Existing Mechanical SystemExisting Mechanical System

What does Geothermal mean to you?What does Geothermal mean to you?

Surface Water SystemsSurface Water Systems

Redesign of Allegis Group HeadquartersRedesign of Allegis Group Headquarters

Cost AnalysisCost Analysis

Recommendations / ConclusionsRecommendations / Conclusions


Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions

Building Location – Hanover, MD (Anne Arundel County)Building Location – Hanover, MD (Anne Arundel County)

Size – 3 Story Office BuildingSize – 3 Story Office Building

107,000 square feet107,000 square feet

Tenants Tenants a)a) Allegis GroupAllegis Group

b)b) AerotekAerotek


Building Features and Project TeamBuilding Features and Project Team

Features – “Vanilla” BuildingFeatures – “Vanilla” Building

2 main wings – east and west wing2 main wings – east and west wing

Primary Project Team:

ArchitectColimore Clarke Associates Colimore Gallow Architects923 N. Calvert Street 1240 Key HighwayBaltimore, Maryland 21202 Baltimore, Maryland 21230

Civil Engineers Structural EngineersDaft, McCune, Walker, Inc. Morabito Consultants200 E. Pennsylvania Avenue 2526 Saint Paul StreetTowson, Maryland 21285 Baltimore, Maryland 21218

(410) 467-2377M/E/P EngineersBurdette, Koehler, Murphy, and Assoc. Owner 2 Hamill Road Suite 300 Allegis Group HeadquartersBaltimore, Maryland 21210 Mark Korczakowski

ContractorGlen Arm Construction Co.658 Kenilworth Dr.Towson, MD. 21204 Mechanical Option - 2003

Existing Mechanical SystemExisting Mechanical SystemCOOLINGCOOLING

271 VAV Boxes271 VAV Boxes(6) Water Cooled Self-Contained (6) Water Cooled Self-Contained AHU’sAHU’s- (2) per floor- (2) per floor- approx. 18,000 cfm each- approx. 18,000 cfm each2 – 181 Ton Rooftop Cooling Towers2 – 181 Ton Rooftop Cooling Towers

HEATINGHEATING2 Cast Iron Sectional Boilers in 2 Cast Iron Sectional Boilers in PenthousePenthousePerimeter Baseboard Heat w/ VAV Perimeter Baseboard Heat w/ VAV Reheat CoilsReheat Coils



Mainly used in residential sectorMainly used in residential sectorAlso referred to as ground-source Also referred to as ground-source heat pump (GSHP)heat pump (GSHP)Utilizes the constant temperature of Utilizes the constant temperature of the earth to serve as heat sink/sourcethe earth to serve as heat sink/sourceExtract heat or reject heat as neededExtract heat or reject heat as needed

3 types of systems3 types of systems- Ground Heat Exchanger GSHP- Ground Heat Exchanger GSHP- Groundwater GSHP- Groundwater GSHP- - Surface-Water Closed Loop GSHPSurface-Water Closed Loop GSHP




Mechanical SystemMechanical SystemWhat does Geothermal mean to you?What does Geothermal mean to you?Surface Water SystemsSurface Water Systems

How do they work?How do they work? Site Selection (Soil Analysis)Site Selection (Soil Analysis) Pond RequirementsPond Requirements




How do they work?How do they work?Utilize coils or circuits inside ponds to act as heat Utilize coils or circuits inside ponds to act as heat exchanger exchanger

Headers connected to pumps inside building to distribute Headers connected to pumps inside building to distribute required amount of gpm to each heat pump required amount of gpm to each heat pump

Heat pumps provide cooling/heating requirements for entire Heat pumps provide cooling/heating requirements for entire building loadsbuilding loads


Surface Water SystemsSurface Water SystemsSite Selection for Construction of a PondSite Selection for Construction of a Pond

Soil Analysis Soil Analysis

Kevin Angle


Construction of a PondConstruction of a Pond• Preparation of SitePreparation of Site

• Foundation of a PondFoundation of a Pond

• Building a CoreBuilding a Core

• CompactionCompaction

• PlantingPlanting

Kevin Angle

# Activity Equipment and Materials Unit Unit Cost Cost1 Testing (Soil Analysis, Hydrometer Analysis - (20)) Flat Fee 120 24002 Site Clearing of .5 acre(Cut & Chip Heavy, trees to 24" diameter) Acre 10,300 51503 Excavation and Placement of Waste Material (12600 C.Y.) Self-Propelled Scraper 24 C.Y 325 170625

(12700 yards^3 of excavation of earth removed) Bull-dozers, Graders, 8 Workers4 Compaction for Foundation Towed sheepsfoot (6" lifts, 2 passes) C.Y. 0.58 7308

Landfill ( Possible use of Bentonite)5 Installation of Chemicals-Sterilization (Dispersing Agents) Seeder, Drill, Fertilizer Spreader SF Floor 0.18 9726 Water-proofing (membrane lining systems - 30 mil thick ) SF 0.95 205207 Drain Pipe Installation (24" Diameter - 100 feet) LF 34 34008 Site Planting- (Trees, Shrubs) Azalea Evergreen Hybrids (200) EA 4.24 8489 Site Planting- (Grasses - Hydro seeding with mulch and fert.) Tractor Spreader MSF 32 3260

10 Site Planting- (soil) Skid steer loader - (100) Sq. Yard 29 2900Total Construction Costs of a pond $ 217383**Cost estimate according to RS Means 2003 Site Work & Lndscape Cost Data**

Construction of a Pond

Mechanical Option - 2003


Pond RequirementsPond RequirementsMinimum of 10 feet depth requirementMinimum of 10 feet depth requirement

- eliminates chance of body of water becoming destratified- eliminates chance of body of water becoming destratified- allows for drought seasons to not affect coils- allows for drought seasons to not affect coils

Aesthetic Reasons Aesthetic Reasons Storm Water Retention (Environmental Permits)Storm Water Retention (Environmental Permits)

Existing Pond Information from Landscape ArchitectExisting Pond Information from Landscape ArchitectExisting Pond – 25 feet in depth Existing Pond – 25 feet in depth → O.K→ O.KArea of Pond – impact on cooling loadArea of Pond – impact on cooling loadApproximate Dimensions (180 x 120 ) = 21600 sq. ft → O.K not idealApproximate Dimensions (180 x 120 ) = 21600 sq. ft → O.K not ideal



Building LayoutBuilding Layout Zoning the building / Calculating the Zoning the building / Calculating the Loads = 159 Tons of Cooling Loads = 159 Tons of Cooling

Selection of EquipmentSelection of Equipment



Type of Pipe - High Density Polyethylene PipeType of Pipe - High Density Polyethylene Pipe

- resistance to corrosion- resistance to corrosion

- flexibility to withstand slight movement- flexibility to withstand slight movement

- fusion process between connections- fusion process between connections

Use of Antifreeze – 20% MethanolUse of Antifreeze – 20% Methanol

- prevention of freezing- prevention of freezing

- minimal harmful effects- minimal harmful effects

Calculation of antifreeze Calculation of antifreeze → 91 gallons→ 91 gallons



Total of 16 runouts with 10 circuits per runoutTotal of 16 runouts with 10 circuits per runout

Tons Heat Addition Building

Table 7.1 for cooling (ELT of 86 F)

Total feet of pipe

159 300 ft / ton 47700

Spool Lengths

Runout Flow (gpm)PE Runout Pipe Size

(ips)Circuits / Runout

Flow /Circuit (gpm)

PE Circuit Pipe Size

(ips)

30 2" 10 3 3/4"

Table 7.2Runout and Circuit Selection Guidelines for Heat Exchangers

Coil Calculations / LayoutCoil Calculations / Layout


468 / 16 Runouts = 29.25 GPM / per runoutFlow (gpm)


Runout SizingRunout Sizing

Anchoring Spools in PondAnchoring Spools in Pond

- Use of Concrete anchors- Use of Concrete anchors

- Propping 2 feet above pond floor- Propping 2 feet above pond floor

- Submerged below surface 6-8 feet above floor- Submerged below surface 6-8 feet above floor



Interior Piping / Heat Pump Layout – Reverse Return loopInterior Piping / Heat Pump Layout – Reverse Return loop

Total of 32 Heat Pumps

- 6 core units

- 26 perimeter units


Redesign of Allegis Group HeadquartersRedesign of Allegis Group HeadquartersPump ControlsPump Controls- Central pump system with variable frequency drivesCentral pump system with variable frequency drives- Sensors placed along header pipingSensors placed along header piping- Constant differential pressure between exterior piping loop and interior piping loop to keep constant flow through each heat pump unitConstant differential pressure between exterior piping loop and interior piping loop to keep constant flow through each heat pump unit



Ventilation RequirementsVentilation Requirements- Use of existing Mechanical shaft to bring in 100% Outdoor Air Use of existing Mechanical shaft to bring in 100% Outdoor Air - AHU’s ducted to each heat pump unit supply Outdoor AirAHU’s ducted to each heat pump unit supply Outdoor Air- Mix Return Air from ceiling plenum to AHUMix Return Air from ceiling plenum to AHU



**Typical Water Surface Heat Pump System costs $10-12 / sq. ft**

**My system costs approximately $12.33 / sq. ft**


Payback PeriodPayback Period

**Payback period came to between 4 and 5 years on operating and maintenance costs alone**

Year WSHP VAV WSHP VAV WSHP VAVFirst Cost 0 1319279 1220996 1319279 1220996 1319279 1220996

1 1339889 1250093 1329845 1236039 1350445 12651362 1360499 1279190 1340411 1251082 1371055 13092763 1381109 1308287 1350977 1266125 1391665 13534164 1401719 1337384 1361543 1281168 1412275 13975565 1422329 1366481 1372109 1296211 1432885 14416966 1442939 1395578 1382675 1311254 1453495 14858367 1463549 1424675 1393241 1326297 1474105 15299768 1484159 1453772 1403807 1341340 1494715 15741169 1504769 1482869 1414373 1356383 1515325 1618256

10 1525379 1511966 1424939 1371426 1535935 166239611 1545989 1541063 1435505 1386469 1556545 170653612 1566599 1570160 1446071 1401512 1577155 175067613 1587209 1599257 1456637 1416555 1597765 179481614 1607819 1628354 1467203 1431598 1618375 183895615 1628429 1657451 1477769 1446641 1638985 188309616 1649039 1686548 1488335 1461684 1659595 192723617 1669649 1715645 1498901 1476727 1680205 197137618 1690259 1744742 1509467 1491770 1700815 201551619 1710869 1773839 1520033 1506813 1721425 205965620 1731479 1802936 1530599 1521856 1742035 210379621 1752089 1832033 1541165 1536899 1762645 214793622 1772699 1861130 1551731 1551942 1783255 219207623 1793309 1890227 1562297 1566985 1803865 2236216

Operating Costs for WSHPbased on ($.229 average annual HVAC operating costs per square foot per year)Maintenance Costs for WSHPbased on ($.1174 per ft^2 median annual maintenance costs per square foot per year)Square foot based on HAP calulations of 90,000 square feet

Payback Period based on Rate of Return of CostsOperating Costs ($) Maintenance Costs ($) Total Costs ($)



AdvantagesAdvantages• Eliminate Cooling Towers / BoilersEliminate Cooling Towers / Boilers• Removal of Traditional VAV BoxesRemoval of Traditional VAV Boxes• More Mechanical Room spaceMore Mechanical Room space• Energy Efficiency – as much as 3X ordinary systemEnergy Efficiency – as much as 3X ordinary system• Payback Period of 4 to 5 yearsPayback Period of 4 to 5 years• Environmentally Safe and friendly – use of a natural resourceEnvironmentally Safe and friendly – use of a natural resource• Flexibility – has been installed in various climates and applicationsFlexibility – has been installed in various climates and applications

DisadvantagesDisadvantages• First Cost (Cost Construction of a Pond)First Cost (Cost Construction of a Pond)• Downside of a “Vanilla” BuildingDownside of a “Vanilla” Building



Deciding FactorDeciding Factor• Overall, Allegis Headquarters Pond not recommended as large enough Overall, Allegis Headquarters Pond not recommended as large enough

in surface area for this amount of heating and cooling loadsin surface area for this amount of heating and cooling loads

• However, Surface water systems due work in similar applications However, Surface water systems due work in similar applications

- needs to be developed in early design stages - needs to be developed in early design stages

- coordination between designers/engineers essential- coordination between designers/engineers essential

- use of experienced GSHP contractor required to work- use of experienced GSHP contractor required to work



Water Furnace Headquarters FacilityWater Furnace Headquarters Facility


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Faculty Consultant - Jim Freihaut Faculty Consultant - Jim Freihaut AE Professors and Faculty – Jonathan, Moses, Dr. Bahnfleth, Dr. MummaAE Professors and Faculty – Jonathan, Moses, Dr. Bahnfleth, Dr. MummaSharon Williams – PSU AE doesn’t know how important she is Sharon Williams – PSU AE doesn’t know how important she is 5th year Senior Thesis Students – Tech for buying GSHP book5th year Senior Thesis Students – Tech for buying GSHP bookRoommates – Tim, Courtney, Courtney, ErinRoommates – Tim, Courtney, Courtney, ErinMy family – mother, sister, niece, aunts, uncles, and cousinsMy family – mother, sister, niece, aunts, uncles, and cousinsBurdette, Koehler, and Murphy – Mechanical Engineering Firm in Baltimore, MDBurdette, Koehler, and Murphy – Mechanical Engineering Firm in Baltimore, MDAndrew Endres, Sean MacCubbin, Dan Harlan – BKMAndrew Endres, Sean MacCubbin, Dan Harlan – BKMEileen English – Colimore Clarke and AssociatesEileen English – Colimore Clarke and AssociatesTom Rice – Daft, McCune, Walker, and IncTom Rice – Daft, McCune, Walker, and IncBrian – Morabito ConsultantsBrian – Morabito ConsultantsKent Kuffner – Water Furnace products in IndianaKent Kuffner – Water Furnace products in Indiana

In loving memory of my father, Marvin L. Angle, who passed away at the In loving memory of my father, Marvin L. Angle, who passed away at the beginning of this semester on January 1, 2003.beginning of this semester on January 1, 2003.


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