Kaplan Turbine NEW

7/30/2019 Kaplan Turbine NEW

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Submitted By :-Ashutosh Shrivastava (11BCL0051)Pushpesh Ranjan (11BCL0011)Yatharth Patel (11BCL0002)

Karan Talwar (11BCL0025)Amrit Tayal (11BCL0088)


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The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustableblades similar to airplane propeller.It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan toachieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications

that was not possible with Francis turbines.The head ranges from 10 70 meters and the output from 5 to 120 MW.Runner diameters are between 2 and 8 meters. The range of the turbine isfrom 79 to 429 rpm.Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow,

low-head power production


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The Kaplan turbine can be divided in double and single regulated turbines.A Kaplan turbine with adjustable runner blades and adjustable guidevanes is double regulated while one with only adjustable runner blades issingle regulated.The application of Kaplan turbines are from a head of 2m to 40m.The advantage of the double regulated turbines is that they can be used ina wider fieldThe double regulated Kaplan turbines can work between 15% and 100%of the maximum design discharge.the single regulated turbines can only work between 30% and 100% of themaximum design discharge.


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Section of Guide Wheel Runner

Essential for High Efficiency at low Heads


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The Kaplan Turbine is of the reaction type.The velocity of the water decreases steadily, entering theguide vanes, passing through the runner and final exit.The twist in water flow runs in parallel to the turbine shaftand to the fully admitted runner blades, where the pressurefor energy conversion is reduced further.Special constructional measures are necessary to preventcavitations .

The water flow is regulated by adjustable guide vanes.To achieve optimum efficiency at varying flows, the runnerblades are automatically adjusted in relation to the wicketgate position.


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Cavitation occurs especially at spots where the pressure islow.In the case of a Kaplan turbine, the inlet of the runner is quitesusceptible to it.At parts with a high water flow velocity cavitation might alsoarise.First it decreases the efficiency and causes crackling noises.The main problem is the wear or rather the damage of the

turbines parts such as the blades. Cavitation does not just destroy the parts, chemical propertiesare also lost.


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The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means thatthe working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine andgives up its energy.Power is recovered from both the hydrostatic head and from the kineticenergy of the flowing water. The design combines features of radial andaxial turbines.The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicketgate. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals onto a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin.The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube that helps decelerate the waterand recover kinetic energy.Variable geometry of the wicket gate and turbine blades allow efficientoperation for a range of flow conditions. Kaplan turbine efficiencies aretypically over 90%, but may be lower in very low head applications


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Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world forelectrical power production.They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especiallysuited for high flow conditions.Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each siteto operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over90%.


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Kaplan Turbine NEW

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