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Kaplan Turbine

Viktor Kaplan (1876-1934)

Kaplan Turbine• The Kaplan turbine is a great development of early 19th century. • Invented by Prof. Viktor Kaplan of Austria during 1913 – 1922.• The Kaplan is of the propeller type, similar to an airplane propeller.• Kaplan turbine is a low head turbine and used for heads of less than 80 meters.• It is a pure axial flow turbine uses basic aerofoil theory.

Main Parts of a Kaplan TurbineScroll Casing:It is the Casing in which guides the water and controlthe water passage.Guide Vanes:It is the blade in which guides the water and control the water passage. Draft Tube:After passing through the runner the water is discharged to the tail race through a gradually expanding tube.Runner:It is connected to the shaft of the generator.Hub:It is the part of the runner in which blades are mounted.

Working Principle: • Water under pressure flush draft tube through the guide vanes and falls on the adjustable blades, which enables adjust the flow. • After crossing propeller is the kinetic energy of water converted into rotational motion shaft. The shaft powered generator producing electric power.

Classification of kaplan Turbine:• The Kaplan turbine can be divided in double and single

regulated turbines. • A Kaplan turbine with adjustable runner blades and

adjustable guide vanes is double regulated while one with only adjustable runner blades is single regulated.

• The double regulated Kaplan turbines can work between 15% and 100% of the maximum design discharge;

• the single regulated turbines can only work between 30% and 100% of the maximum design discharge.

Advantages:

• It can be used for the sites having very low Head.• The advantage of the double regulated turbines is that

they can be used in a wider field. • At part loads there is reduced loss of efficiency.• Kaplan turbine has efficiency up to 90 percent• Because of small dimension of the power house there is saving in excavation and civil Engineering works.

Disadvantages:• Leakage of water into generator chamber and

Condensation are source of trouble.• Cost is very high for maintenance.