Jud Case Digests

8/18/2019 Jud Case Digests

1/47

ceda vs. Vasquez [G.R. No. 102781, April 22, 1993]

Facts: Respondent Napoleon Abiera of PA filed a !o"plaint before t#e ffi!e of t#e "b$ds"an a%ainst

petitioner R&' ($d%e )onifa!io *an+ a!eda. Respondent Abiera alle%ed t#at petitioner a!eda #as falsified

#is !ertifi!ate of ser-i!e b !ertifin% t#at all !i-il and !ri"inal !ases /#i!# #a-e been s$b"itted for de!ision for

a period of 90 das #a-e been deter"ined and de!ided on or before (an$ar 31, 1989, /#en in tr$t# and in

fa!t, petitioner a!eda ne/ t#at no de!ision #ad been rendered in !i-il and 10 !ri"inal !ases t#at #a-e

been s$b"itted for de!ision. Respondent Abiera alle%ed t#at petitioner a!eda falsified #is !ertifi!ates of

ser-i!e for 17 "ont#s.

Issue: #et#er or not t#e in-esti%ation "ade b t#e "b$ds"an !onstit$tes an en!roa!#"ent into t#e *'s

!onstit$tional d$t of s$per-ision o-er all inferior !o$rts

Held: COMPLAINTS AGAINST JUDGS MUST ! "F""D FI"ST TO TH SUP"M COU"T !#

VI"TU OF TH COU"TS ADMINIST"ATIV SUP"VISION OV" THM. Petitioner also !ontends t#a

t#e "b$ds"an #as no 4$risdi!tion o-er said !ase despite t#is 'o$rt5s r$lin% in rap -s. *andi%anbaan,

sin!e t#e offense !#ar%ed arose fro" t#e 4$d%e5s perfor"an!e of #is offi!ial d$ties, /#i!# is $nder t#e !ontrol

and s$per-ision of t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt. 6$rt#er"ore, t#e in-esti%ation of t#e "b$ds"an !onstit$tes an

en!roa!#"ent into t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt5s !onstit$tional d$t of s$per-ision o-er all inferior !o$rts.

e 'o$rt disa%rees /it# t#e first Part of petitioner5s basi! ar%$"ent. ere is not#in% in t#e de!ision in rapt#at /o$ld restri!t it onl to offenses !o""itted b a 4$d%e $nrelated to #is offi!ial d$ties. A 4$d%e /#o falsifies#is !ertifi!ate of ser-i!e is ad"inistrati-el liable to t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt for serio$s "is!ond$!t and ineffi!ien!$nder *e!tion 1, R$le 10 of t#e R$les of 'o$rt, and !ri"inall liable to t#e *tate $nder t#e Re-ised Penal'ode for #is felonio$s a!t.

o/e-er, e a%ree /it# petitioner t#at in t#e absen!e of an ad"inistrati-e a!tion taen a%ainst #i" b t#is'o$rt /it# re%ard to #is !ertifi!ates of ser-i!e, t#e in-esti%ation bein% !ond$!ted b t#e "b$ds"anen!roa!#es into t#e 'o$rt5s po/er of ad"inistrati-e s$per-ision o-er all !o$rts and its personnel, in -iolation oft#e do!trine of separation of po/ers.

Arti!le , se!tion ; of t#e 1987 'onstit$tion e

e "b$ds"an !annot 4$stif its in-esti%ation of petitioner on t#e po/ers %ranted to it b t#e 'onstit$tionfor s$!# a 4$stifi!ation not onl r$ns !o$nter to t#e spe!ifi! "andate of t#e 'onstit$tion %rantin% s$per-isorpo/ers to t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt o-er all !o$rts and t#eir personnel, b$t lie/ise $nder"ines t#e independen!e oft#e 4$di!iar.

$s, t#e "b$ds"an s#o$ld first refer t#e "atter of petitioner5s !ertifi!ates of ser-i!e to t#is 'o$rt fordeter"ination of /#et#er said !ertifi!ates refle!ted t#e tr$e stat$s of #is pendin% !ase load, as t#e 'o$rt #ast#e ne!essar re!ords to "ae s$!# a deter"ination. e "b$ds"an !annot !o"pel t#is 'o$rt, as one oft#e t#ree bran!#es of %o-ern"ent, to s$b"it its re!ords, or to allo/ its personnel to testif on t#is "atter, ass$%%ested b p$bli! respondent Abiera in #is affida-it=!o"plaint.

e rationale for t#e fore%oin% prono$n!e"ent is e-ident in t#is !ase. Ad"inistrati-el, t#e >$estion before ?sis t#is: s#o$ld a 4$d%e, #a-in% been %ranted b t#is 'o$rt an e$estion #ad not et been raised /it#, "$!# lessresol-ed b, t#is 'o$rt, #o/ !o$ld t#e "b$ds"an resol-e t#e present !ri"inal !o"plaint t#at re>$ires t#eresol$tion of said >$estion@

n fine, /#ere a !ri"inal !o"plaint a%ainst a ($d%e or ot#er !o$rt e"ploee arises fro" t#eir ad"inistrati-e


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d$ties, t#e "b$ds"an "$st defer a!tion on said !o"plaint and refer t#e sa"e to t#is 'o$rt for deter"ination/#et#er said ($d%e or !o$rt e"ploee #ad a!ted /it#in t#e s!ope of t#eir ad"inistrati-e d$ties.


3/47

Raquiza vs Castaneda Jr. [A.M. No. 1312-CFI, January 31, 1978]

Facts: The Petition to orer the tran!"er o" #$e%ia& Pro%eein'! No.(82) o" the Court o" Fir!t In!tan%e o" Pa*$an'a +Te!tate !tate o" the&ate on A&"on!o Ca!te&&i/ "ro* the !a&a o" re!$onent 0u'e, on.Mariano Ca!taea to another ran%h an a*ini!tratie %o*$&aint

a'ain!t the !a*e 0u'e "or 4+1/ io&ation o" the Anti-5ra"t 6a +2/renerin' e%i!ion noin' it to e un0u!t an i&&e'a& +3/ e:tortion y*ean! o" o$$re!!ion an +)/ riery. The %ourt re"er! thea*ini!tratie %o*$&aint to Ju!ti%e ;auti!ta o" CA "or ine!ti'ation,re$ort an re%o**enation.

Issue< =>N the $etition an %o*$&aint a'ain!t the ?e!$onent i&&$ro!$er@

Held: IN ADMINISTRATIVE CHARES AAINST J!DES THERE"!IRED "!ANT!M #F EVIDENCE IS $R##F %ENDREAS#NA%'E D#!%T.

The %ourt reiee the re%or!, te!ti*onie! o" the =itne!!e!,an other eien%e! !u*itte to the $artie! an n there%o**enation o" the ine!ti'ator a! "u&&y !u$$orte ith enou'heien%e to *erit the i!*i!!a& o" the %o*$&aint a'ain!t there!$onent Ju'e. The %ourt he& that a 'roun "or re*oa& o" a Jui%ia& oBi%er !hou& e e!ta&i!he eyon rea!ona&e out *o!te!$e%ia&&y i" it ino&e! *i!%onu%t, %orru$tion an in%o*$eten%e.

The ru&e! een in an a*ini!tratie %a!e e*an! that i" there!$onent Ju'e !hou& i!%i$&ine "or 'rae *i!%onu%t o" any'raer oBen!e, the eien%e $re!ente a'ain!t hi* !hou& e%o*$eten an erie "ro* ire%t no&e'e. The 0ui%iary to hi%hre!$onent e&on' no &e!! e*an! that e"ore it! *e*er %ou& e"au&te, it !hou& e on&y a"ter ue ine!ti'ation an a!e on%o*$etent $roo"!, no &e!!. Thi! a&& the *ore !o hen a! in thi! %a!e

the %har'e! are $ena& in nature.The 'roun "or the re*oa& o" a 0ui%ia& oBi%er !hou& e e!ta&i!heeyon rea!ona&e out. #u%h i! the ru&e here the %har'e! onhi%h the re*oa& i! !ou'ht i! *i!%onu%t in oBi%e, i&&"u& ne'&e%t,%orru$tion, in%o*$eten%y, et%. The 'enera& ru&e! in re'ar toa*i!!ii&ity o" eien%e in %ri*ina& tria&! a$$&y.=?F>?, it i! re!$e%t"u&&y re%o**ene that the %har'e!a'ain!t the re!$onent e i!*i!!e "or &a% o" *erit.


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(il)s*a+an vs. Er,ita [5.?. No. 177721, Ju&y 3, 27]

>n&y natura&-orn Fi&i$ino %itiDen! *ay e a$$ointe a! 0u!ti%e o" the#u$re*e Court.e%i!ion o" a*ini!tratie oy +;ureau o" I**i'ration/ e%&arin'one a natura&-orn %itiDen i! not inin' u$on the %ourt! hen there

are %ir%u*!tan%e! that entai& "a%tua& a!!ertion! that nee to ethre!he out in $ro$er 0ui%ia& $ro%eein'!.

F ACTS: Thi! %a!e aro!e hen re!$onent 5re'ory #. >n' a! a$$ointe

y :e%utie #e%retary, in re$re!entation o" the >Bi%e o" thePre!ient, a! A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e o" the #u$re*e Court. Petitioner!%ontene that re!$onent >n' i! a Chine!e %itiDen, orn on May 2E,19E3 to Chine!e $arent!. They "urther ae that een i" it ere

'rante that e&een year! a"ter re!$onent >n'! irth, hi! "ather a!na&&y 'rante Fi&i$ino %itiDen!hi$ y natura&iDation that, y it!e&",ou& not *ae re!$onent >n' a natura&-orn %itiDen. For hi! $art,re!$onent >n' %ontene that he i! a natura&-orn %itiDen an$re!ente a %erti%ation "ro* the ;ureau o" I**i'ration an the >Je%&arin' hi* to e !u%h.

ISS!E: =hether or not re!$onent >n' i! a natura&-orn Fi&i$ino%itiDen.

R!'IN: ::: re!$onent >n' i! a natura&iDe Fi&i$ino %itiDen. The a&&e'e

!u!eGuent re%o'nition o" hi! natura&-orn !tatu! y the ;ureau o"I**i'ration an the >J %annot a*en the na& e%i!ion o" the tria&%ourt !tatin' that re!$onent >n' an hi! *other ere natura&iDea&on' ith hi! "ather. The !erie! o" eent! an &on' !trin' o" a&&e'e%han'e! in the nationa&itie! o" re!$onent >n'H! an%e!tor!, y ariou!

irth!, *arria'e! an eath!, a&& entai& "a%tua& a!!ertion! that nee toe thre!he out in $ro$er 0ui%ia& $ro%eein'! !o a! to %orre%t thee:i!tin' re%or! on hi! irth an %itiDen!hi$. The %hain o" eien%eou& haeto !ho that y 5uio #anto!, re!$onent >n'H! *other,a! a Fi&i$ino %itiDen, %ontrary to hat !ti&& a$$ear! in the re%or! o"thi! Court.

?e!$onent >n' ha! the uren o" $roin' in %ourt hi! a&&e'ean%e!tra& tree a! e&&a! hi! %itiDen!hi$ uner the ti*e-&ine o" threeCon!titution!. nti& thi! i! one, re!$onent >n' %annot a%%e$t an


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a$$oint*ent to thi! Court a! that ou& e a io&ation o" theCon!titution. For thi! rea!on, he %an e $reente y in0un%tion "ro*oin' !o.


6/47

Dula+ vs. J%C [5. ?. No. 221)3, Ju&y 3, 212]

Facts


7/47

u!ine!! in the Court hether it e En Banc or in ii!ion #e%tion 7+1/ enu*erate! the Gua&i%ation! o" the Me*er! o" the Court an theother *e*er! o" the Jui%iary #e%tion 11 $roie! "or the !e%urity o"tenure in the Jui%iary #e%tion 12 !tate! the $rohiition on non-0ui%ia&a!!i'n*ent! o" the Me*er! o" the #u$re*e Court an o" other %ourt!an #e%tion 13 &ay! on the $ro%e!! o" e%i!ion-*ain'. In a&& o" the!e$roi!ion!, the $hra!e 4Me*er! o" the #u$re*e Court4 a! re$eate&yu!e to re"er not on&y to the A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e! o" the #u$re*e Court utin%&ue! the Chie" Ju!ti%e. Thu!, in #e%tion 9 o" the !a*e Arti%&e III on thea$$oint*ent o" Ju!ti%e! an Ju'e!, the $hra!e 4Me*er! o" the #u$re*eCourt4 %&ear&y re"er! to the "teen Ju!ti%e! o" the Court - one Chie" Ju!ti%ean "ourteen +1)/ A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e! - ho are ithin the a$$ointin' $oero" the Pre!ient. A&thou'h e%ie uner a iBerent Con!titution, ereiterate the CourtH! $ronoun%e*ent in Vargas v. Rilloraza that 4there %ane no out that the Chie" Ju!ti%e an A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e! reGuire : : : to%o*$o!e the #u$re*e Court are the re'u&ar *e*er! o" the Court.4

=e, &iei!e, o not a'ree ith $etitioner that the J;C %an on&y eheae y the in%u*ent Chie" Ju!ti%e an no other. Petitioner, in eBe%t,ar'ue! that the J;C %annot $er"or* it! ta! ithout an in%u*ent Chie" Ju!ti%e. To "o&&o thi! &o'i% ou& &ea to an eentua&ity here a a%an%y inthe Jui%iary i&& not e &&e i" a a%an%y o%%ur! in the J;C. =e %an&iei!e in"er "ro* thi! ar'u*ent that i" the >Bi%e o" the Chie" Ju!ti%e i! a%ate, the !a*e i&& not e &&e e%au!e there i&& e no 4in%u*entChie" Ju!ti%e4 to a%t a! Chair*an o" the J;C.

=e enite&y %annot !u!tain the!e ar'u*ent!. The $rin%i$a& "un%tion

o" the J;C i! to re%o**en a$$ointee! to the Jui%iary. For eery a%an%y,the J;C !u*it! to the Pre!ient a &i!t o" at &ea!t three no*inee! an thePre!ient *ay not a$$oint anyoy ho i! not in the &i!t. Any a%an%y inthe #u$re*e Court i! reGuire y the Con!titution to e &&e ithin 9ay! "ro* the o%%urren%e thereo". Thi! 9-ay $erio i! *anatory. It%annot, there"ore, e %o*$ro*i!e on&y e%au!e the %on!titutiona&&y-na*e Chair*an %ou& not !it in the J;C. A&thou'h it ou& e $re"era&ei" the *e*er!hi$ o" the J;C i! %o*$&ete, the J;C %an !ti&& o$erate to$er"or* it! *anate ta! o" !u*ittin' the &i!t o" no*inee! to thePre!ient een i" the %on!titutiona&&y-na*e ex-oficio Chair*an oe! not

!it in the J;C.Con!ierin', hoeer, that %o*$&ete *e*er!hi$ in the J;C i!

$re"era&e an $ur!uant to it! !u$eri!ory $oer oer the J;C, thi! Court!hou& not e e$rie o" re$re!entation. The *o!t #enior Ju!ti%e o" thi!Court ho i! not an a$$&i%ant "or the $o!ition o" Chie" Ju!ti%e !hou&$arti%i$ate in the e&ieration! "or the !e&e%tion o" no*inee! "or the !ai a%ant $o!t an $re!ie oer the $ro%eein'! in the a!en%e o" the%on!titutiona&&y-na*e Ex-Oficio Chair*an, $ur!uant to #e%tion 12 o"?e$u&i% A%t No. 29(, or the Jui%iary A%t o" 19)8, to it


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Secti)n -. Vacancy in oice of Chief Justice. - In %a!e o" a%an%y in the oBi%e o" the Chie" Ju!ti%e o" the #u$re*e Court,or o" hi! inai&ity to $er"or* the utie! an $oer! o" hi! oBi%e,they !ha&& eo&e u$on the A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e ho i! r!t in$re%een%e, unti& !u%h i!ai&ity i! re*oe, or another Chie" Ju!ti%e i! a$$ointe an u&y Gua&ie. Thi! $roi!ion !ha&& a$$&yto eery A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e ho !u%%ee! to the oBi%e o" Chie" Ju!ti%e. +*$ha!i! !u$$&ie./


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C/avez vs J%C 0.R. N). 123 Jul+ -43 1-5

Facts:The une:$e%te e$arture o" Chie" Ju!ti%e ?enato C. Corona on May 29,212 an the no*ination o" the "or*er #o&i%itor 5enera& Fran%i!%o I.ChaeD, a! hi! $otentia& !u%%e!!or, tri''ere the &in' o" the %a!e. The$etitioner a!!ai&! the a&iity o" the %o*$o!ition o" the Jui%ia& an ;arCoun%i& +J;C/ e%au!e in 199) the %o*$o!ition the J;C a! !u!tantia&&ya&tere. In!tea o" hain' on&y 7 *e*er!, the ei'ht *e*er a! ae tothe J;C a! to re$re!entatie! "ro* Con're!! e'an !ittin' in the J;C +one"ro* the #enate an one "ro* the ou!e o" ?e$re!entatie!/ ith ea%hhain' K o" a ote. Then the J;C en an% e%ie to a&&o there$re!entatie! "ro* the #enate an ou!e o" ?e$re!entatie! one "u&& oteea%h. It i! thi! $ra%ti%e that $etitioner ha! Gue!tione in thi! $etition,!ettin' "orth that the "ra*er! o" the Con!titution %&ear&y eni!ione ane%ie on a J;C %o*$o!e o" on&y 7 *e*er!.

Issue:=hether or not the Jui%ia& or ;ar Coun%i& !hou& e %o*$o!e o" 8*e*er!.=hether or not the Con're!! !hou& hae 2 re$re!entatie! to the J;C.

Res)luti)n:The "ra*er! o" our Con!titution intene to %reate J;C a! an innoatie!o&ution in re!$on!e to the $u&i% %&a*or in "aor o" e&i*inatin' $o&iti%! in

the a$$oint*ent o" *e*er! o" the Jui%iary. To en!ure 0ui%ia&ine$enen%e, the ao$te the ho&i!ti% a$$roa%h an ho$e that in%reatin' the a J;C, the $riate !e%tor an the three ran%he! o" the'oern*ent ou& hae an a%tie ro&e an eGua& oi%e in the !e&e%tion o"the *e*er! o" the 0ui%iary. There"ore to a&&o the 6e'i!&ature to hae*ore Guantitatie inLuen%e in the J;C y hain' *ore than one oi%e!$ea, hether ith one "u&& ote o" one-ha&" a ote ea%h, ou& a! one"or*er %on're!!*en an *e*er o" the J;C $ut it, ne'ate the $rin%i$&e o"eGua&ity a*on' the three ran%he! o" 'oern*ent hi%h i! en!hrine inthe Con!titution.

A! $etitioner %orre%t&y $o!it!, the u!e o" the !in'u&ar &etter “a” $re%ein'“reresentative o! t"e Congress” i! uneGuio%a& an &eae! no roo* "or anyother %on!tru%tion. It i! ini%atie o" hat the *e*er o" theCon!titutiona& Co**i!!ion ha in *in, that i!, Con're!! *ay e!i'nateon&y one re$re!entatie to the J;C.=?F>?, the $etition i! 'rante. The %urrent nu*eri%a& %o*$o!itiono" the J;C i! e%&are NC>N#TITTI>NA6. The J;C i! herey en0oineto re%on!titute it!e&" !o that on&y one *e*er o" Con're!! i&& !it a!


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re$re!entatie in it! $ro%eein'!, in a%%oran%e ith #e%. 8+1/, Arti%&e IIIo" the 1987 Con!titution.


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==

F"ANCISCO I. CHAV$% Petitioner, -s. JUDICIAL AND !A" COUNCIL% SN. F"ANCIS JOSPH G.

SCUD"O a&d "P. NIL C. TUPAS% J".% Respondents.

Facts:

e !ase is in relation to t#e pro!ess of sele!tin% t#e no"inees for t#e -a!ant seat of *$pre"e 'o$rt '#ief

($sti!e follo/in% Renato 'oronas depart$re.

ri%inall, t#e "e"bers of t#e 'onstit$tional 'o""ission sa/ t#e need to !reate a separate, !o"petent and

independent bod to re!o""end no"inees to t#e President. $s, it !on!ei-ed of a bod representati-e of all

t#e stae#olders in t#e 4$di!ial appoint"ent pro!ess and !alled it t#e ($di!ial and )ar 'o$n!il ()'B.

n parti!$lar, Para%rap# 1 *e!tion 8, Arti!le of t#e 'onstit$tion states t#at C1B A ($di!ial and )ar 'o$n!il is

#ereb !reated $nder t#e s$per-ision of t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt !o"posed of t#e '#ief ($sti!e as e< offi!io

'#air"an, t#e *e!retar of ($sti!e, and a representati-e of t#e 'on%ress as e< offi!io e"bers, a

representati-e of t#e nte%rated )ar, a professor of la/, a retired e"ber of t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt, and a

representati-e of t#e pri-ate se!tor.D n !o"plian!e t#ere/it#, 'on%ress, fro" t#e "o"ent of t#e !reation of t#e

()', desi%nated one representati-e fro" t#e 'on%ress to sit in t#e ()' to a!t as one of t#e e< offi!io

"e"bers.

n 199 #o/e-er, t#e !o"position of t#e ()' /as s$bstantiall altered. nstead of #a-in% onl se-en 7B

"e"bers, an ei%#t# 8t#B "e"ber /as added to t#e ()' as t/o 2B representati-es fro" 'on%ress be%an

sittin% in t#e ()' E one fro" t#e o$se of Representati-es and one fro" t#e *enate, /it# ea!# #a-in% one=

#alf 1F2B of a -ote. $rin% t#e e$en!e of #a-in% a bi!a"eral le%islat$re instead of a $ni!a"eral one, t#e /o$ld

#a-e "ade t#e !orrespondin% ad4$st"ent in t#e representation of 'on%ress in t#e ()'I t#at if onl one #o$se

of 'on%ress %ets to be a "e"ber of ()' /o$ld depri-e t#e ot#er #o$se of representation, defeatin% t#e

prin!iple of balan!e.

e respondents f$rt#er ar%$e t#at t#e allo/an!e of t/o 2B representati-es of 'on%ress to be "e"bers of t#e

()' does not render ()'s p$rpose of pro-idin% balan!e n$%atorI t#at t#e presen!e of t/o 2B "e"bers fro"

'on%ress /ill "ost liel pro-ide balan!e as a%ainst t#e ot#er si< ;B "e"bers /#o are $ndeniabl presidential

appointees

*$pre"e 'o$rt #eld t#at it #as t#e po/er of re-ie/ t#e !ase #erein as it is an ob4e!t of !on!ern, not 4$st for a

no"inee to a 4$di!ial post, b$t for all t#e !iti+ens /#o #a-e t#e ri%#t to see 4$di!ial inter-ention for re!tifi!ation

of le%al bl$nders.

Issue: #et#er t#e pra!ti!e of t#e ()' to perfor" its f$n!tions /it# ei%#t 8B "e"bers, t/o 2B of /#o" are

"e"bers of 'on%ress, defeats t#e letter and spirit of t#e 1987 'onstit$tion.

Held: N'. e !$rrent pra!ti!e of ()' in ad"ittin% t/o "e"bers of t#e 'on%ress to perfor" t#e f$n!tions of

t#e ()' is -iolati-e of t#e 1987 'onstit$tion. As s$!#, it is $n!onstit$tional.


12/47

ne of t#e pri"ar and basi! r$les in stat$tor !onstr$!tion is t#at /#ere t#e /ords of a stat$te are !lear, plain,

and free fro" a"bi%$it, it "$st be %i-en its literal "eanin% and applied /it#o$t atte"pted interpretation. t is a

/ell=settled prin!iple of !onstit$tional !onstr$!tion t#at t#e lan%$a%e e"ploed in t#e 'onstit$tion "$st be

%i-en t#eir ordinar "eanin% e

$na"bi%$o$sl dis!erned fro" Para%rap# 1, *e!tion 8, Arti!le of t#e 1987 'onstit$tion t#at in t#e p#rase,

Ca representati-e of 'on%ress,D t#e $se of t#e sin%$lar letter CaD pre!edin% Crepresentati-e of 'on%ressD is

$ne>$i-o!al and lea-es no roo" for an ot#er !onstr$!tion. t is indi!ati-e of /#at t#e "e"bers of t#e

'onstit$tional 'o""ission #ad in "ind, t#at is, 'on%ress "a desi%nate onl one 1B representati-e to t#e()'. ad it been t#e intention t#at "ore t#an one 1B representati-e fro" t#e le%islat$re /o$ld sit in t#e ()',

t#e 6ra"ers !o$ld #a-e, in no $n!ertain ter"s, so pro-ided.

oreo-er, $nder t#e "a$all s$s!eptible of -ario$s "eanin%s, its !orre!t !onstr$!tion "a be "ade !lear and spe!ifi! b

!onsiderin% t#e !o"pan of /ords in /#i!# it is fo$nded or /it# /#i!# it is asso!iated. H-er "eanin% to be

%i-en to ea!# /ord or p#rase "$st be as!ertained fro" t#e !onte$ired bet/een t#e *enate and t#e o$se of Representati-es in t#e s!reenin% and no"ination

of 4$di!ial offi!ers. en!e, t#e ter" C'on%ressD "$st be taen to "ean t#e entire le%islati-e depart"ent.

e fra"ers of 'onstit$tion, in !reatin% ()', #oped t#at t#e pri-ate se!tor and t#e t#ree bran!#es of

%o-ern"ent /o$ld #a-e an a!ti-e role and e>$al -oi!e in t#e sele!tion of t#e "e"bers of t#e ($di!iar.

erefore, to allo/ t#e Je%islat$re to #a-e "ore >$antitati-e infl$en!e in t#e ()' b #a-in% "ore t#an one

-oi!e spea, /#et#er /it# one f$ll -ote or one=#alf 1F2B a -ote ea!#, /o$ld Cne%ate t#e prin!iple of e>$alit

a"on% t#e t#ree bran!#es of %o-ern"ent /#i!# is ens#rined in t#e 'onstit$tion.D

t is !lear, t#erefore, t#at t#e 'onstit$tion "andates t#at t#e ()' be !o"posed of se-en 7B "e"bers onl.

$s, an in!l$sion of anot#er "e"ber, /#et#er /it# one /#ole -ote or #alf 1F2B of it, %oes a%ainst t#at

"andate. *e!tion 81B, Arti!le of t#e 'onstit$tion, pro-idin% 'on%ress /it# an e>$al -oi!e /it# ot#er

"e"bers of t#e ()' in re!o""endin% appointees to t#e ($di!iar is e


13/47

/#at "a be t#e tides of ti"e. t !annot be si"pl "ade to s/a and a!!o""odate t#e !all of sit$ations and

"$!# "ore tailor itself to t#e /#i"s and !apri!es of t#e %o-ern"ent and t#e people /#o r$n it.

Not/it#standin% its findin% of $n!onstit$tionalit in t#e !$rrent !o"position of t#e ()', all its prior offi!ial

a!tions are nonet#eless -alid. n t#e interest of fair pla $nder t#e do!trine of operati-e fa!ts, a!tions pre-io$s

to t#e de!laration of $n!onstit$tionalit are le%all re!o%ni+ed. e are not n$llified.

WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The current numerical composition of the Judicial and ar

!ouncil "# declared $N!ON#T"T$T"ONA%. The Judicial and ar !ouncil is here&' en(oined toreconstitute itself so that onl' one )*+ mem&er of !onress -ill sit as a representatie in its proceedins, in accordance -ith #ection /)*+, Article 0""" of the *1/2 !onstitution. This disposition isimmediatel' e3ecutor'.


14/47

Nita6an vs. C),,issi)ner )6 Internal Revenue [5.?. No. 6-7878, Ju&y 23, 1987]

Facts:The $etitioner! ho are u&y a$$ointe an Gua&ie Ju'e! $re!iin' oer ?TCran%he! in the Nationa& Ca$ita& Jui%ia& ?e'ion, !ee to $rohiit anOor $er$etua&&yen0oin re!$onent!, the Co**i!!ioner o" Interna& ?eenue an the Finan%ia& >Bi%er o"the #C, "ro* *ain' any eu%tion or ithho&in' ta:e! "ro* their !a&arie!. They!u*it that any ta: ithhe& "ro* their %o*$en!ation a! 0ui%ia& oBi%er! %on!titute! a

e%rea!e or i*inution o" their !a&arie!, %ontrary to the $roi!ion! o" #e%. 1, Art. IIIo" the 1987 Con!titution.

Issue:=hether or not the eu%tion o" ta:e! "ro* the %o*$en!ation o" the 0ui%ia& oBi%er!%on!titute a i*inution o" their !a&arie! hi%h i! in turn a io&ation o" the Con!titution.

Res)luti)n:#a&arie! o" Ju!ti%e! an Ju'e! !u0e%t to in%o*e ta:ation an the ru&in' in Per"e%to !.Meer an nen%ia !. ai are herey i!%are.

The Court en banc ha re-aBir*e the Chie" Ju!ti%e! ire%tie a! "o&&o!< ?<ue!tion o" e:e*$tion "ro* in%o*e ta:ation. - The Court re-aBir*e the Chie" Ju!ti%e!$reiou! an !tanin' ire%tie to the Fi!%a& Mana'e*ent an ;u'et >Bi%e o" thi!Court to %ontinue ith the eu%tion o" the ithho&in' ta:e! "ro* the !a&arie! o" Ju!ti%e! o" the #C a! e&& a! "ro* the !a&arie! o" a&& other *e*er! o" the 0ui%iary.

The %&ear intent o" the o" the Con!titutiona& Co**i!!ion a! to e&ete the $ro$o!ee:$re!! 'rant o" e:e*$tion "ro* $ay*ent in in%o*e ta: to *e*er! o" the 0ui%iary, !oa! to 'ie !u!tan%e to eGua&ity a*on' the three ran%he! o" the 'oern*ent. The!a&arie! o" the *e*er! o" the Jui%iary ou& e !u0e%t to the 'enera& in%o*e ta:a$$&ie to a&& ta:$ayer!.The Court herey reiterate! that the !a&arie! o" Ju!ti%e! an Ju'e! are $ro$er&y !u0e%tto a 'enera& in%o*e ta: &a a$$&i%a&e to a&& in%o*e earner! an that the $ay*ent o"!u%h in%o*e ta: y Ju!ti%e! an Ju'e! oe! not "a&& ithin the %on!titutiona& $rote%tiona'ain!t e%rea!e o" their !a&arie! urin' their %ontinuan%e in oBi%e.

--SA'ARIES #F MEM%ERS #F THE J!DICIAR& ARE S!%JECT T# TA7. ;e!ie!,%on!truin' #e%tion 1, Arti%&e! III, o" the 1987 Con!titution, hi%h, "or %&arity, i! a'ainre$rou%e hereuner<

4The !a&ary o" the Chie" Ju!ti%e an o" the A!!o%iate Ju!ti%e! o" the #u$re*eCourt, an o" 0u'e! o" &oer %ourt! !ha&& e :e y &a. urin' their%ontinuan%e in oBi%e, their !a&ary !ha&& not e e%rea!e.4 +*$ha!i!!u$$&ie/.

It i! $&ain that the Con!titution authoriDe! Con're!! to $a!! a &a :in' another rate o"%o*$en!ation o" Ju!ti%e! an Ju'e! ut !u%h rate *u!t e hi'her than that hi%h theyare re%eiin' at the ti*e o" ena%t*ent, or i" &oer, it ou& e a$$&i%a&e on&y to tho!ea$$ointe a"ter it! a$$roa&. It ou& e a !traine %on!tru%tion to rea into the$roi!ion an e:e*$tion "ro* ta:ation in the &i'ht o" the i!%u!!ion in the Con!titutiona&Co**i!!ion.


15/47

=ith the "ore'oin' inter$retation, an a! !tate hereto"ore, the ru&in' that 4thei*$o!ition o" in%o*e ta: u$on the !a&ary o" 0u'e! i! a i*unition thereo", an !o io&ate! the Con!titution4 in Per"e%to !. Meer, a! aBir*e in nen%ia !. ai *u!te e%&are i!%are. The "ra*er! o" the "una*enta& &a, a! the a&ter e'o o" the$eo$&e, hae e:$re!!e in %&ear an un*i!taa&e ter*! the *eanin' an i*$ort o"#e%tion 1, Arti%&e III, o" the 1987 Con!titution that they hae ao$te.

#tate otheri!e, e a%%or ue re!$e%t to the intent o" the $eo$&e, throu'h thei!%u!!ion! an e&ieration! o" their re$re!entatie!, in the !$irit that a&& %itiDen!!hou& ear their a&iGuot $art o" the %o!t o" *aintainin' the 'oern*ent an!hou& !hare the uren o" 'enera& in%o*e ta:ation eGuita&y.


16/47

Pe'(le vs. Gac'tt% J) . [G.R. No. 11;09, ($l 13, 199]

Facts: Reb$ffed b t#is 'o$rt t#ro$%# t#e ann$l"ent of #is order dis"issin% 'ri"inal 'ase No. 1129 of t#e !o$rt a >$o,!o"ple"ented /it# a repri"and and a fine of P10,000.00 for %ross i%noran!e of t#e la/, respondent ($d%e H$sta>$io K.Ga!ott, (r. #as filed a "otion for re!onsideration dated April 1, 199, and a s$pple"ental "otion for re!onsideration dated

April 2;, 199.e de!ision of t#e !o$rt s#all be re!orded on t#e respondents personal re!ord. Ga!ott filed a "otion for re!onsiderationt#at t#e !ase not be re!orded on #is personal re!ord for doin% so /ill fore!lose an !#an!e for #i" to aspire for pro"otionin t#e 4$di!iar in t#e f$t$re. Ga!ott !ontended as /ell t#at $nder *e!tion 11, Arti!le , ad"inistrati-e !ases s#all bede!ided b *$pre"e 'o$rt en ban! in dis!iplinin% a 4$d%e.

Issue: #et#er or not t#e *e!ond i-ision of t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt #as t#e !o"peten!e to ad"inistrati-el dis!iplinerespondent 4$d%e.

"ul*&+: NOT ALL DISCIPLINA"# ACTION P"OCDINGS ND TO ! HA"D N !ANC. At an rate, t#e -er teis resol$tion /as a"ended on ar!# 1;, 1993 and No-e"ber 23, 1993, b$t t#e afore>$oted pro-ision /as "aintained.

ndeed, to re>$ire t#e entire 'o$rt to deliberate $pon and parti!ipate in all ad"inistrati-e "atters or !ases re%ardless oft#e san!tions, i"posable or i"posed, /o$ld res$lt in a !on%ested do!et and $nd$e dela in t#e ad4$di!ation of !ases int#e 'o$rt, espe!iall in ad"inistrati-e "atters, sin!e e-en !ases in-ol-in% t#e penalt of repri"and /o$ld re>$ire a!tionb t#e 'o$rt en ban!. is /o$ld s$b-ert t#e !onstit$tional in4$n!tion for t#e 'o$rt to adopt a sste"ati! plan to e$ired to bede!ided b t#e 'o$rt en ban!, in !o%ni+an!e of t#e need for a t#oro$%# and 4$di!io$s e-al$ation of serio$s !#ar%esa%ainst "e"bers of t#e 4$di!iar, it is onl /#en t#e penalt i"posed does not e

t "$st not also be o-erlooed t#at as earl as 6ebr$ar 7, 1989, t#e 'o$rt pro"$l%ated 'ir!$lar No. 2=89 /#i!# !larifiest#at:

2. A de!ision or resol$tion of a i-ision of t#e 'o$rt, /#en !on!$rred in b a "a4orit of its "e"bers /#o a!t$all toopart in t#e deliberations on t#e iss$es in a !ase and -oted t#ereon, and in no !ase /it#o$t t#e !on!$rren!e of at leastt#ree of s$!# e"bers, is a de!ision or resol$tion of t#e *$pre"e 'o$rt *e!tion [3], Arti!le , 1987 'onstit$tionB.

at %$ideline or r$le in t#e referral to t#e !o$rt en ban! of !ases assi%ned to a di-ision t#ereof rests on t#e sa"e

rationale and applies /it# e>$al for!e to !onf$te t#e antit#eti!al t#eor of respondent ($d%e H$sta>$io K. Ga!ott, (r.

Apropos t#ereto, it /o$ld indeed be desirable for said respondent to #ereafter deal /it# sit$ations lie t#e one s$b4e!t of

t#is resol$tion /it# "ore perspi!a!it and !ir!$"spe!tion.

e basi! and s$pple"ental "otions for re!onsideration of t#e 4$d%"ent in t#e !ase at bar are #ereb HNH.


17/47

De la Lla&a vs. Al,a [G.R. No. 7883, ar!# 12, 1982]

FACTS: e Ja Jlana, et. al. filed a Petition for e!larator Relief andFor for Pro#ibition, seein% to en4oin t#e

inister of t#e )$d%et, t#e '#air"an of t#e 'o""ission on A$dit, and t#e inister of ($sti!e fro" tain% an

a!tion i"ple"entin% )P 129 /#i!# "andates t#at ($sti!es and 4$d%es of inferior !o$rts fro" t#e 'A to &'s,

e

ISSU: #et#er or not t#e reor%ani+ation -iolate t#e se!$rit of ten$re of 4$sti!es and 4$d%es as pro-ided for

$nder t#e 'onstit$tion.

"ULING: #at is in-ol-ed in t#is !ase is not t#e re"o-al or separation of t#e 4$d%es and 4$sti!es fro" t#eir

ser-i!es. #at is i"portant is t#e -alidit of t#e abolition of t#eir offi!es.

ell=settled is t#e r$le t#at t#e abolition of an offi!e does not a"o$nt to an ille%al re"o-al of its in!$"bent is

t#e prin!iple t#at, in order to be -alid, t#e abolition "$st be "ade in %ood fait#.

Re"o-al is to be distin%$is#ed fro" ter"ination b -irt$e of -alid abolition of t#e offi!e. ere !an be no ten$re

to a non=e$estion of an i"pair"ent of se!$rit of ten$re does not arise.

DISSOLUTION OF OFFIC DOS NOT INF"ING ON TH DISCIPLINA"# AUTHO"IT# OF TH

SUP"M COU"T OV" JUDGS. Petitioners !ontend t#at t#e abolition of t#e e$estion of la/ is in-ol-ed.

f s$!# /ere t#e !ase, !ertainl t#is 'o$rt !o$ld not #a-e its sa prior to t#e a!tion taen b eit#er of t#e t/o

depart"ents. H-en t#en, it !o$ld do so b$t onl b /a of de!idin% a !ase /#ere t#e "atter #as been p$t in

iss$e. Neit#er is t#ere an intr$sion into /#o s#all be appointed to t#e -a!ant positions !reated b t#e

reor%ani+ation. at re"ains in t#e #ands of t#e H


18/47

!on!eded po/er of reor%ani+in% t#e nferior 'o$rts, t#e po/er of re"o-al of t#e present in!$"bents -ested in

t#is &rib$nal is i%nored or disre%arded. e !#allen%ed A!t /o$ld t#$s be free fro" an $n!onstit$tional taint,

e-en one not readil dis!ernible e

oreo-er, s$!# a !onstr$!tion /o$ld be in a!!ordan!e /it# t#e basi! prin!iple t#at in t#e !#oi!e of alternati-es

bet/een one /#i!# /o$ld sa-e and anot#er /#i!# /o$ld in-alidate a stat$te, t#e for"er is to be preferred.

ere is an ob-io$s /a to do so. e prin!iple t#at t#e 'onstit$tion enters into and for"s part of e-er a!t to

a-oid an $n!onstit$tional taint "$st be applied.


19/47

$a&dueta v. Dela C'sta [No-e"ber 28, 1938 G.R. No. J=;2;7]NATU": is is a >$o /arranto pro!eedin% instit$ted b t#e onorable 6ran!is!o Kand$eta a%ainst t#eonorable *i$estion b pla!in% #i" in possession t#ereof, /it# !osts to said respondent FACTS: Prior to t#e pro"$l%ation of 'o""on/ealt# A!t No.1, t#e petitioner, t#e onorable 6ran!is!oKand$eta /as dis!#ar%in% t#e offi!e of 4$d%e of first instan!e, Nint# ($di!ial istri!t, !o"prisin% solel t#e 'it

of anila, and /as presidin% o-er t#e 6ift# )ran!# of t#e 'o$rt of 6irst nstan!e of said !it, b -irt$e of an adinteri" appoint"ent iss$ed b t#e President of t#e P#ilippines in #is fa-or on ($ne 2, 193;, and !onfir"ed bt#e 'o""ission on Appoint"ents of t#e National Asse"bl=n No-e"ber 7, 193;, t#e date on /#i!#'o""on/ealt# A!t No. 1, ot#er/ise no/n as t#e ($di!ial Reor%ani+ation Ja/, too effe!t, t#e petitionerre!ei-ed fro" t#e President of t#e 'o""on/ealt# a ne/ ad interi" appoint"ent as 4$d%e of first instan!e, t#isti"e of t#e 6o$rt# ($di!ial istri!t, /it# a$t#orit to preside o-er t#e 'o$rts of 6irst nstan!e of anila andPala/an=e National Asse"bl ad4o$rned /it#o$t its 'o""ission on Appoint"ents #a-in% a!ted on said adinteri" appoint"ent=Anot#er ad interi" appoint"ent to t#e sa"e offi!e /as iss$ed in fa-or of said petitioner,p$rs$ant to /#i!# #e too a ne/ oat#=After #is appoint"ent and >$alifi!ation as 4$d%e of first instan!e of t#e6o$rt# ($di!ial istri!t, t#e petitioner, a!tin% as e$estion t#e !onstit$tionalit of t#e la/ b -irt$e of /#i!# #is ne/appoint"ent #as been iss$ed.

e r$le of e>$it, san!tioned b 4$rispr$den!e, is t#at /#en a p$bli! offi!ial -ol$ntaril a!!epts anappoint"ent to an offi!e ne/l !reated or reor%ani+ed b la/, M/#i!# ne/ offi!e is in!o"patible /it# t#e onefor"erl o!!$pied b #i" M , >$alifies for t#e dis!#ar%e of t#e f$n!tions t#ereof b tain% t#e ne!essar oat#,and enters into t#e perfor"an!e of #is d$ties b e$estionin% t#e -alidit of said appoint"ent b alle%in% t#at t#e la/, b -irt$e of/#i!# #is appoint"ent /as iss$ed, is $n!onstit$tional. e petition for >$o /arranto instit$ted is denied andt#e sa"e is dis"issed /it# !osts to t#e petitioner.


20/47

In re Manzan) [A.M. No. 88-7-18(1-?TC, >%toer E, 1988]

Facts< Ju'e ManDano &e a $etition a&&oin' hi* to a%%e$t the

a$$oint*ent y I&o%o! #ur 5oernor ?oo&"o Farina! a! the *e*er o"

I&o%o! Norte $roin%ia& Co**ittee on Ju!ti%e %reate $ur!uant to a

Pre!ientia& >rer. e $etitione that hi! *e*er!hi$ in the Co**ittee

i&& not in any ay a*ount to an aanon*ent to hi! $re!ent $o!ition a!

:e%utie Ju'e o" ;ran%h QIQ, ?TC, 1!t Jui%ia& re'ion an a! a *e*er

o" 0ui%iary.

Issue< =hat i! an a*ini!tratie a'en%y@ =here oe! it ra the &ine

in!o"ar a! a*ini!tratie "un%tion! are %on%erne@

Rulin8< The $etition i! enie. The Con!titution $rohiit! the e!i'nation

o" *e*er! o" the Jui%iary to any a'en%y $er"or*in' ua!i-Jui%ia& or

A*ini!tratie "un%tion! +#e%.12, Art.III, 1987 Con!titution/.ua!i-Jui%ia& ha! a "air&y %&ear *eanin' an Ju'e! %an %onent&y re"rain

"ro* $arti%i$atin' in the or o" any A*ini!tratie A'en%y hi%h

a0ui%ate! i!$ute! R %ontroer!ie! ino&in' the ri'ht! o" $artie! ithin

it! 0uri!i%tion.

A*ini!tratie "un%tion! are tho!e hi%h ino&e the re'u&ation an %ontro&

oer the %onu%t R aBair! o" iniiua&! "or their on e&"are an

the $ro*u&'ation o" ru&e! an re'u&ation! to etter %arry out the $o&i%y o"

the 6e'i!&ature or !u%h a! are eo&e u$on the a*ini!tratie a'en%y y

the or'ani% &a o" it! e:i!ten%e.

A*ini!tratie "un%tion! a! u!e in #e%. 12 re"er! to the 5oern*ent!

e:e%utie *a%hinery an it! $er"or*an%e o" 'oern*enta& a%t!. It re"er! to

the *ana'e*ent a%tion!, eter*ination!, an orer! o" e:e%utie oBi%ia&!

a! they a*ini!ter the &a! an try to *ae 'oern*ent eBe%tie. There i!

an e&e*ent o" $o!itie a%tion, o" !u$eri!ion or %ontro&.

In t/e dissentin8 )9ini)n )6 Justice utierrez:

A*ini!tratie "un%tion! are tho!e hi%h ino&e the re'u&ation an %ontro&

oer the %onu%t an aBair! o" iniiua&! "or their on e&"are an the

$ro*u&'ation o" ru&e! an re'u&ation! to etter %arry out the $o&i%y o" the

&e'i!&ature or !u%h a! are eo&e u$on the a*ini!tratie a'en%y y the

or'ani% &a o" it! e:i!ten%e e %an reai&y !ee that *e*er!hi$ in the

Proin%ia& or City Co**ittee on Ju!ti%e ou& not ino&e any re'u&ation or

%ontro& oer the %onu%t an aBair! o" iniiua&!. Neither i&& the


21/47

Co**ittee on Ju!ti%e $ro*u&'ate ru&e! an re'u&ation! nor e:er%i!e any

Gua!i-&e'i!&atie "un%tion!. It! or i! $ure&y ai!ory. A *e*er o" the

0ui%iary 0oinin' any !tuy 'rou$ hi%h %on%entrate! on the a*ini!tration

o" 0u!ti%e a! &on' a! the 'rou$ *ere&y e&ierate! on $ro&e*! ino&in'

the !$eey i!$o!ition o" %a!e! $arti%u&ar&y tho!e ino&in' the $oor an

neey &iti'ant!-or etainee!, $oo&! the e:$erti!e an e:$erien%e! o" the

*e*er!, an &i*it! it!e&" to re%o**enation! hi%h *ay e ao$te or

re0e%te y tho!e ho hae the $oer to &e'i!&ate or a*ini!ter the

$arti%u&ar "un%tion ino&e in their i*$&e*entation.


22/47

C)nsin8 vs C)urt )6 A99eals -44 SCRA -2 0-;


23/47

$rudential %an> vs. Castr) [A.C. No. 27E(, Mar%h 1E, 1988]>n Noe*er 1(, 198), re!$onent ?e'iona& Tria& Court Ju'e Jo!e P.Ca!tro o" ueDon City renere a e%i!ion in Cii& Ca!e No. -)23)9,entit&e< 4Ma%ro Te:ti&e Mi&&! Cor$oration !. Pruentia& ;an anTru!t Co., et a&.,4

A%tin' on the &etter-a$$ea&, ate June (, 1988, &e on eha&" o"re!$onent Ju'e y hi! %hi&ren, !eein' %&ari%ation o" the e%i!iono" June E, 198(, on hether or not the >rer o" thi! Court "or"eitin'a&& o" !ai Ju'eH! retire*ent enet! an $ay 4e:%&ue the *onetary a&ue o" hi! a%%u*u&ate &eae %reit! hi%h he earne urin' hi!thirty !i: +3(/ year! o" !eri%e in the 'oern*ent, the &a!t e&een +11/ year! o" hi%h ere !$ent in the Jui%iary,4 an $rayin' that the !a*ee !o e:%&ue %on!ierin' their nee "or "un! "or the %ontinuin'*ei%ation o" re!$onent Ju'e, no ai%te ith &ier %an%er on it!

ter*ina& !ta'e, the Court ?#>6, out o" hu*anitarian%on!ieration!, an "o&&oin' the $re%eent in Cathay

4=?F>?, the Court ?#>6#<

4 ?e!$onent Ju'e i! herey orere i!*i!!e "ro* the !eri%e,ith "or"eiture o" a&& retire*ent enet! an $ay an ith $re0ui%e torein!tate*ent in any ran%h o" the 'oern*ent or any o" it! a'en%ie!or in!tru*enta&itie!. e *ay, hoeer, en0oy a&& a%ation an !i%

&eae enet! that he ha! earne urin' the $erio o" hi! 'oern*ent!eri%e. Thi! e%i!ion i! i**eiate&y e:e%utory.4

THE C#NSTIT!TI#NA' RE"!IREMENT THAT A DECISI#NM!ST C#NTAIN A CERTIFICATI#N THAT THE CASE HAS%EEN REACHED IN C#NS!'TATI#N D#ES N#T A$$'& T#

ADMINISTRATIVE CASES. The %ha&&en'e hur&e a'ain!t thi! CourtH! e%i!ion a! io&atie o"

the 1987 Con!titution ue to &a% o" %erti%ation y the Chie" Ju!ti%e

that the %on%&u!ion! o" the Court ere rea%he in %on!u&tation e"orethe %a!e a! a!!i'ne to a *e*er "or the ritin' o" the o$inion o"the Court, i! ere"t o" a!i!. The %erti%ation reGuire*ent re"er! toe%i!ion! in 0ui%ia&, not a*ini!tratie %a!e!. Fro* the erye'innin', re!o&ution!Oe%i!ion! o" the Court in a*ini!tratie %a!e!hae not een a%%o*$anie y any "or*a& %erti%ation. In "a%t, !u%h a%erti%ation ou& e a !u$erLuity in a*ini!tratie %a!e!, hi%h ytheir ery nature, hae to e e&ierate u$on %on!ierin' the


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%o&&e'iate %o*$o!ition o" thi! Court. The %erti%ation in AM No. ?-E1-P entit&e 4A$o&inario e #ari'u*a !. e$uty #heriB Pa!o,4%ite in the Petition, i! ut an oer!i'ht.

;ut een i" !u%h a %erti%ation ere reGuire, it i! eyon out thatthe %on%&u!ion! o" the Court in it! e%i!ion ere arrie at a"ter

%on!u&tation an e&ieration. The !i'nature! o" the *e*er! hoa%tua&&y too $art in the e&ieration! an ote atte!t to that.;e!ie!, ein' a $er %uria* e%i!ion, or an o$inion o" the Court a! aho&e, there i! no $onente a&thou'h any *e*er o" the Court *ay ea!!i'ne to rite the ra"t. In !u%h %a!e!, a "or*a& %erti%ation i!oiou!&y not reGuire.


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#dc/i8ue?%)nd)c vs Tan Ti)n8 %i) [5? 18((E2, >%toer (, 21]

Facts< ?e!$onent &e a %o*$&aint "or e!ta"a a'ain!t Fi&-!tate oBi%ia&!in%&uin' it! Cor$orate #e%retary, herein re!$onent. Petitioner enie! thea&&e'ation!.The >J, y re!o&ution !i'ne y the Chie" #tate Pro!e%utor "or the#e%retary o" Ju!ti%e, *otu $ro$rio i!*i!!e the $etition on nin' that

there a! no !hoin' o" any reer!i&e error.

The CA !et a!ie the >J #e%retary! re!o&ution ho&in' that it %o**itte'rae au!e o" i!%retion in i!!uin' it! ?e!o&ution i!*i!!in' re!$onent!$etition "or reie ithout therein e:$re!!in' %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the"a%t! on hi%h the i!*i!!a& a! a!e, in io&ation o" #e%. 1), Art. III o"the Con!titution +No e%i!ion !ha&& e renere y any %ourt ithoute:$re!!in' therein %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the &a on hi%h it i!a!e/.

Petitioner a!!ert! in thi! $re!ent $etition "or reie on %ertiorari that thereGuire*ent in #e%. 1), Art. III o" the Con!titution a$$&ie! on&y toe%i!ion! o" %ourt! o" 0u!ti%e, an it oe! not e:ten to e%i!ion! orru&in'! o" e:e%utie e$art*ent! !u%h a! the >J.

?e!$onent %ounter! that the %on!titutiona& reGuire*ent i! not &i*ite to%ourt! a! it e:ten! to Gua!i-0ui%ia& an a*ini!tratie oie!, a! e&& a!to $re&i*inary ine!ti'ation! %onu%te y the!e triuna&!.

Issue< 1. =hether or not a $ro!e%utor e:er%i!e! Gua!i-0ui%ia& $oer.

2. =hether or not the >J #e%retary e:er%i!e! Gua!i-0ui%ia& $oer.

Held<1. No. A $ro!e%utor oe! not e:er%i!e a0ui%ation or ru&e-*ain'

$oer!. A $re&i*inary ine!ti'ation i! not a Gua!i-0ui%ia& $ro%eein',ut i! *ere&y inGui!itoria& !in%e the $ro!e%utor oe! not eter*ine the'ui&t o" inno%en%e o" the a%%u!e. =hi&e the $ro!e%utor *ae! theeter*ination hether a %ri*e ha! een %o**itte an hetherthere i! $roa&e %au!e, he %annot e !ai to e a%tin' a! a Gua!i-%ourt, "or it i! the %ourt!, u&ti*ate&y, that $a!! 0u'*ent on the

a%%u!e.

2. No. The #e%retary o" Ju!ti%e in reiein' a $ro!e%utor! orer or

re!o&ution ia a$$ea& or $etition "or reie %annot e %on!iere a

Gua!i-0ui%ia& $ro%eein' !in%e the >J i! not a Gua!i-0ui%ia& oy.

#e% 1), Art. III o" the Con!titution oe! not thu! e:ten to

re!o&ution! i!!ue y the >J #e%retary.


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27/47

Nic)s Industrial C)r9. vs. CA [5.?. No. 8879, Feruary 11, 1992]

FACTS: The orer i! a!!ai&e y the $etitioner! on the $rin%i$a& 'rounthat it io&ate! the a"ore*entione %on!titutiona& reGuire*ent o" Arti%&e 8#e%tion 1) o" theCon!titution. The $etitioner! %&ai* that it i! not a rea!one e%i!ionan oe! not %&ear&y ani!tin%t&y e:$&ain ho it a! rea%he y the tria& %ourt. Petitioner! %o*$&ain that there a! no ana&y!i! o" their te!ti*onia& eien%e or o" their21 e:hiit!, the tria& %ourt *ere&y %onnin' it!e&" to the $ronoun%e*entthat the !heriBH! !a&e a! a&i an that it ha no 0uri!i%tion oer theeriatie !uit. There a! there"ore no aeGuate "a%tua& or &e'a& a!i! "orthe e%i!ion that %ou& 0u!ti"y it! reie an aBir*an%e y the Court o" A$$ea&!. January 2), 198, NIC># Inu!tria& Cor$oration otaine a &oan o"P2,,. "ro* $riate re!$onent nite Co%onut P&anter! ;an an

to !e%ure $ay*ent thereo" e:e%ute a rea& e!tate *ort'a'e on to $ar%e&!o" &an &o%ate at Mari&ao, ;u&a%an. The *ort'a'e a! "ore%&o!e "or the!u$$o!e non-$ay*ent o" the &oan, an the !heriBH! !a&e a! he& on Ju&y11, 1983, ithout re-$u&i%ation o" the reGuire noti%e! a"ter the ori'ina&ate "or the au%tion a!%han'e ithout the no&e'e or %on!ent o" the *ort'a'or.CA decisi)n: =e ho& that the orer a$$ea&e "ro* a! "ra*e y the %ourta Guo hi&e &eain' *u%h to e e!ire, !u!tantia&&y %o*$&ie! ith theru&e!.

ISS!E: =hether or not the tria& %ourt! e%i!ion i! un%on!titutiona&

HE'D: =?F>?, the %ha&&en'e e%i!ion o" theCourt o" A$$ea&! i! #T A#I "or &a% o" a!i!. Thi! %a!e i!?MAN to the ?e'iona& Tria& Court o" ;u&a%an, ;ran%h 1,"or rei!ion, ithin 3 ay! "ro* noti%e, o" the >rer o" June (, 198(,%on"or*a&y to the reGuire*ent! o" Arti%&e III, #e%tion 1), o" theCon!titution, !u0e%t to the a$$ea& thereo", i" e!ire, in a%%oran%e ith&a.

THE C#NSTIT!TI#NA' RE"!IREMENT THAT A DECISI#N M!STSTATE C'EAR'& AND DISTINCT'& THE FACTS AND THE 'A #N HICH IT IS %ASED IS AN ADDITI#NA' !ARANTEE #F D!E$R#CESS.

It i! a reGuire*ent o" ue $ro%e!! that the $artie! to a &iti'ation ein"or*e o" ho it a! e%ie, ith an e:$&anation o" the "a%tua& an&e'a& rea!on! that &e to the %on%&u!ion! o" the %ourt. The %ourt %annot!i*$&y !ay that 0u'*ent i! renere in "aor o" Q an a'ain!t V an 0u!t


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&eae it at that ithout any 0u!ti%ation hat!oeer "or it! a%tion. The&o!in' $arty i! entit&e to no hy he &o!t, !o he *ay a$$ea& to a hi'her%ourt, i" $er*itte, !hou& he e&iee that the e%i!ion !hou& e reer!e. A e%i!ion that oe! not %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y !tate the "a%t! an the &a onhi%h it i! a!e &eae! the $artie! in the ar a! to ho it a! rea%hean i! e!$e%ia&&y $re0ui%ia& to the &o!in' $arty, ho i! una&e to $in$ointthe $o!!i&e error! o" the %ourt "or reie y a hi'her triuna&.

In one %a!e, thi! Court, e:a!$erate oer the inorinate &en'th o" ae%i!ion ri"e ith irre&eant etai&!, %a!ti'ate the tria& 0u'e "or hi!4e:traorinary eria'e.4 Wi&o*etri% e%i!ion! ithout *u%h !u!tan%e*u!t e aoie, to e !ure, ut the other e:tre*e, here !u!tan%e i!a&!o &o!t in the i!h to e rie", i! no &e!! una%%e$ta&e either. The iea&e%i!ion i! that hi%h, ith e&%o*e e%ono*y o" or!, arrie! at the"a%tua& nin'!, rea%he! the &e'a& %on%&u!ion!, rener! it! ru&in' an,hain' one !o, en!.

INTER'#C!T#R& #RDERS AND MIN!TE RES#'!TI#NS AREE7EM$TED FR#M THE A%#VE?MENTI#NED C#NSTIT!TI#NA'RE"!IREMENT.

It i! i*$ortant to o!ere at thi! $oint that the %on!titutiona& $roi!ionoe! not a$$&y to inter&o%utory orer!, !u%h a! one 'rantin' a *otion "or$o!t$one*ent or Gua!hin' a !u$oena, e%au!e it 4re"er! on&y to e%i!ion!on the *erit! an not to orer! o" the tria& %ourt re!o&in' in%ienta&*atter!.4 A! "or the *inute re!o&ution! o" thi! Court, e hae a&reayo!ere in ;orro*eo . Court o" A$$ea&! E that X

The #u$re*e Court i!$o!e! o" the u& o" it! %a!e! y *inutere!o&ution! an e%ree! the* a! na& an e:e%utory, a! here a%a!e i! $atent&y ithout *erit, here the i!!ue! rai!e are"a%tua& in nature, here the e%i!ion a$$ea&e "ro* i! !u$$ortey !u!tantia& eien%e an i! in a%%or ith the "a%t! o" the %a!ean the a$$&i%a&e &a!, here it i! %&ear "ro* the re%or! thatthe $etition! ere &e *ere&y to "ore!ta&& the ear&y e:e%ution o" 0u'*ent an "or non-%o*$&ian%e ith the ru&e!. The re!o&utionenyin' ue %our!e or i!*i!!in' a $etition a&ay! 'ie! the&e'a& a!i!.

The Court i! not uty oun to rener !i'ne e%i!ion! a&& theti*e. It ha! a*$&e i!%retion to "or*u&ate e%i!ion! anOor*inute re!o&ution!, $roie a &e'a& a!i! i! 'ien, e$enin' onit! ea&uation o" a %a!e.

DISMISSA' #N 'AC( #F J!RISDICTI#N D#ES N#T RE"!IRE ASTATEMENT #F THE FACTS AND THE 'A #N HICH IT IS%ASED3 %!T HEN DISMISSA' IS C#!$'ED ITH #THER


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R#!NDS 'I(E INS!FFICIENC& #F EVIDENCE3 THE C#!RT M!STC#M$'& ITH THE C#NSTIT!TI#NA' RE"!IREMENTS.

It *ay e ar'ue that a i!*i!!a& a!e on &a% o" 0uri!i%tion i! not%on!iere a 0u'*ent on the *erit! an !o i! not %oere y thea"ore%ite $roi!ion. There i! no Guarre& ith thi! e!ta&i!he $rin%i$&e.oeer, the ru&e ou& e a$$&i%a&e on&y i" the %a!e i! i!*i!!e on the!o&e 'roun o" &a% o" 0uri!i%tion an not hen !o*e other aitiona&'roun i! inoe.

A %are"u& $eru!a& o" the %ha&&en'e orer i&& !ho that the %o*$&aint a!

i!*i!!e not on&y "or &a% o" 0uri!i%tion ut a&!o e%au!e o" the

in!uBi%ien%y o" the eien%e to $roe the ina&iity o" the !heriBH! !a&e.

?e'arin' thi! !e%on 'roun, a&& the tria& %ourt i a! !u**ari&y

%on%&ue 4"ro* the ery eien%e au%e y the $&aintiB4 that the !heriBH!

!a&e 4a! in %o*$&ete a%%or ith the reGuire*ent! o" #e%tion 3, A%t

313E.4 It i not other to i!%u!! hat that eien%e a! or to e:$&ainhy it e&iee that the &e'a& reGuire*ent! ha een o!ere. It!

%on%&u!ion a! re*ara&y threaare. ;reity i! out&e!! an a*ira&e

trait, ut it !hou& not an %annot e !u!titute "or !u!tan%e. A! the

ru&in' on thi! !e%on 'roun a! unGue!tiona&y a 0u'*ent on the *erit!,

the "ai&ure to !tate the "a%tua& an &e'a& a!i! thereo" a! "ata& to the orer.


30/47

#il and Natural as C),,issi)n vs. CA [5.?. No. 11)323, Ju&y 23,1998]

FACTS: Thi! $ro%eein' ino&e! the en"or%e*ent o" a "orei'n 0u'*entrenere y the Cii& Ju'e o" ehra un, Inia in "aor o" the $etitioner,a'ain!t the $riate re!$onent, PACIFIC CMNT C>MPANV,INC>?P>?AT. The $etitioner i! a "orei'n %or$oration one an%ontro&&e y the 5oern*ent o" Inia hi&e the $riate re!$onent i! a$riate %or$oration u&y or'aniDe an e:i!tin' uner the &a! o" thePhi&i$$ine!.

The %onLi%t eteen the $etitioner an the $riate re!$onent roote"ro* the "ai&ure o" the re!$onent to e&ier )3, *etri% ton! o" oi& e&&%e*ent to the $etitioner een it ha a&reay re%eie $ay*ent an e!$ite$etitioner! !eera& e*an!. The $etitioner then in"or*e the $riatere!$onent that it a! re"errin' it! %&ai* to an aritrator $ur!uant toC&au!e 1( o" their %ontra%t hi%h !ti$u&ate! that he enue "or aritration

!ha&& e at ehra un.The %ho!en aritrator, one #hri N.N. Ma&hotra, re!o&e the i!$ute in"aour o" the $etitioner !ettin' "orth the aritra& aar. To ena&e the$etitioner to e:e%ute the aoe aar, it &e a Petition e"ore the Court o" the Cii& Ju'e in ehra un. Inia $rayin' that the e%i!ion o" thearitrator e *ae 4the ?u&e o" Court4 in Inia. Thi! a! o0e%te y there!$onent ut "orei'n %ourt re"u!e to a*it the $riate re!$onentH!o0e%tion! "or "ai&ure to $ay the reGuire &in' "ee!. e!$ite noti%e !ent tothe $riate re!$onent o" the "ore'oin' orer an !eera& e*an! y the

$etitioner "or %o*$&ian%e thereith, the $riate re!$onent re"u!e to $aythe a*ount a0u'e y the "orei'n %ourt a! oin' to the $etitioner.The $etitioner &e a %o*$&aint ith ;ran%h 3 o" the ?e'iona& Tria&

Court +?TC/ o" #uri'ao City "or the en"or%e*ent o" the a"ore*entione 0u'*ent o" the "orei'n %ourt. The $riate re!$onent *oe to i!*i!! the%o*$&aint. ?TC i!*i!!e the %o*$&aint "or &a% o" a a&i %au!e o" a%tion.The $etitioner then a$$ea&e to the re!$onent Court o" A$$ea&! hi%haBir*e the i!*i!!a& o" the %o*$&aint. In it! e%i!ion, the a$$e&&ate %ourt%on%urre ith the ?TCH! ru&in' that the aritrator i not hae 0uri!i%tion oer the i!$ute eteen the $artie!, thu!, the "orei'n %ourt

%ou& not a&i&y ao$t the aritratorH! aar. The $etitioner &e thi!$etition "or reie on %ertiorari.

ISS!E: =hether or not the aritrator ha 0uri!i%tion oer the i!$uteeteen the $etitioner an the $riate re!$onent uner C&au!e 1( o" the%ontra%t.

R!'IN< The %on!titutiona& *anate that no e%i!ion !ha&& e renere yany %ourt ithout e:$re!!in' therein ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the


31/47

&a on hi%h it i! a!e oe! not $re%&ue the a&iity o" 4*e*oranu*e%i!ion!4 hi%h ao$t y re"eren%e the nin'! o" "a%t an %on%&u!ion! o"&a %ontaine in the e%i!ion! o" in"erior triuna&!.

Further*ore, the re%o'nition to e a%%ore a "orei'n 0u'*ent i! notne%e!!ari&y aBe%te y the "a%t that the $ro%eure in the %ourt! o" the%ountry in hi%h !u%h 0u'*ent a! renere iBer! "ro* that o" the%ourt! o" the %ountry in hi%h the 0u'*ent i! re&ie on. I" the $ro%eure inthe "orei'n %ourt *anate! that an >rer o" the Court e%o*e! na& ane:e%utory u$on "ai&ure to $ay the ne%e!!ary o%et "ee!, then the %ourt! inthi! 0uri!i%tion %annot ina&iate the orer o" the "orei'n %ourt !i*$&ye%au!e our ru&e! $roie otheri!e.

=?F>?, the in!tant $etition i! 5?ANT, an the a!!ai&ee%i!ion o" the Court o" A$$ea&! !u!tainin' the tria& %ourtH! i!*i!!a& o" the>I6 AN NAT?A6 5A# C>MMI##I>NH! %o*$&aint e"ore ;ran%h 3 o"the ?TC o" #uri'ao City i! ??#MEM#RAND!M DECISI#N IS A''#ED !NDER THIS

J!RISDICTI#N.The %on!titutiona& *anate that no e%i!ion !ha&& e renere y any

%ourt ithout e:$re!!in' therein %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the&a on hi%h it i! a!e oe! not $re%&ue the a&iity o" 4*e*oranu*e%i!ion!4 hi%h ao$t y re"eren%e the nin'! o" "a%t an %on%&u!ion! o"&a %ontaine in the e%i!ion! o" in"erior triuna&!. In Fran%i!%o .Per*!u&, thi! Court he& that the "o&&oin' *e*oranu* e%i!ion o" the?e'iona& Tria& Court o" Maati i not tran!'re!! the reGuire*ent! o"#e%tion 1) Arti%&e III o" the Con!titution<

4MM>?ANM CI#I>N A"ter a %are"u& $eru!a&, ea&uation an !tuy o" the re%or! o" thi! %a!e, thi! Court herey ao$t! re"eren%e the nin'!%on%&u!ion! o" &a %ontaine in the e%i!ion o" the Metro$o&itanTria& Court o" Maati, Metro Mani&a, ;ran%h (3 an n! thatthere i! no %o'ent rea!on to i!tur the !a*e.4=?F>?, 0u'*ent a$$ea&e "ro* i! herey aBir*e intoto.4 +*$ha!i! !u$$&ie./

Thi! Court ha o%%a!ion to *ae a !i*i&ar $ronoun%e*ent in the ear&ier

%a!e o" ?o*ero . Court o" A$$ea&!, here the a!!ai&e e%i!ion o" theCourt o" A$$ea&! ao$te the nin'! an i!$o!ition o" the Court o" A'rarian ?e&ation! in thi! i!e<

4=e hae, there"ore, %are"u&&y reiee the eien%e an *ae are-a!!e!!*ent o" the !a*e, an =e are $er!uae, nay%o*$e&&e, to aBir* the %orre%tne!! o" the tria& %ourtH! "a%tua&nin'! an the !ounne!! o" it! %on%&u!ion. For 0ui%ia&%onenien%e an e:$eien%y, there"ore, =e herey ao$t y ayo" re"eren%e, the nin'! o" "a%t! an %on%&u!ion! o" the %ourt a


32/47

!$rea in it! e%i!ion, a! inte'ra& $art o" thi! >ur e%i!ion.4+*$ha!i! !u$$&ie/

en%e, een in thi! 0uri!i%tion, in%or$oration y re"eren%e i! a&&oe i"on&y to aoi the %u*er!o*e re$rou%tion o" the e%i!ion o" the &oer%ourt!, or $ortion! thereo", in the e%i!ion o" the hi'her %ourt. Thi! i!$arti%u&ar&y true hen the e%i!ion !ou'ht to e in%or$orate i! a &en'thyan thorou'h i!%u!!ion o" the "a%t! an %on%&u!ion! arrie at, a! in thi!%a!e, here Aar Pa$er No. 3O;-1 %on!i!t! o" ei'hteen +18/ !in'&e !$a%e$a'e!.

THE RE"!IREMENTS !NDER THE C#NSTIT!TI#N A$$'& #N'&

T# $HI'I$$INE C#!RTS3 %!T N#T T# F#REIN C#!RTS.

Further*ore, the re%o'nition to e a%%ore a "orei'n 0u'*ent i! not

ne%e!!ari&y aBe%te y the "a%t that the $ro%eure in the %ourt! o" the

%ountry in hi%h !u%h 0u'*ent a! renere iBer! "ro* that o" the%ourt! o" the %ountry in hi%h the 0u'*ent i! re&ie on. Thi! Court ha!

he& that *atter! o" re*ey an $ro%eure are 'oerne y the &e: "ori or

the interna& &a o" the "oru*. Thu!, i" uner the $ro%eura& ru&e! o" the

Cii& Court o" ehra un, Inia, a a&i 0u'*ent *ay e renere y

ao$tin' the aritrator! nin'!, then the !a*e *u!t e a%%ore re!$e%t.

In the !a*e ein, i" the $ro%eure in the "orei'n %ourt *anate! that an

>rer o" the Court e%o*e! na& an e:e%utory u$on "ai&ure to $ay the

ne%e!!ary o%et "ee!, then the %ourt! in thi! 0uri!i%tion %annot ina&iate

the orer o" the "orei'n %ourt !i*$&y e%au!e our ru&e! $roie otheri!e.


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%)rr),e) vs. CA [5.?. No. 82273, June 1, 199]NAT!RE: Petition "or reie y %ertiorari o" a e%i!ion o" the Court o" A$$ea&!

FACTS: ;e"ore 1933, e"enant [Jo!e A. i&&a*or] a! a i!triutor o" &u*ere&on'in' to Mr. Mi&&er ho a! the a'ent o" the In!u&ar 6u*er Co*$any inCeu City. e"enant ein' a "rien an "or*er %&a!!*ate o" $&aintiB [Canuto >.;orro*eo] u!e to orro "ro* the &atter %ertain a*ount! "ro* ti*e to ti*e. >n

one o%%a!ion, e"enant orroe "ro* $&aintiB a &ar'e !u* o" *oney "or hi%hhe *ort'a'e hi! &an an hou!e in Ceu City to $ay !o*e $re!!in' o&i'ationith Mr. Mi&&er. Mr. Mi&&er &e a %ii& a%tion a'ain!t the e"enant an atta%hehi! $ro$ertie! in%&uin' tho!e *ort'a'e to $&aintiB, ina!*u%h a! the eeo" *ort'a'e in "aor o" $&aintiB %ou& not e re'i!tere e%au!e not $ro$er&yran u$. P&aintiB then $re!!e the e"enant "or !ett&e*ent o" hi! o&i'ation,ut e"enant in!tea oBere to e:e%ute a o%u*ent $ro*i!in' to $ay hi!inetene!! een a"ter the &a$!e o" ten year!. 6iGuiation a! *ae ane"enant a! "oun to e inete to $&aintiB in the !u* o" P7,22., "orhi%h e"enant !i'ne a $ro*i!!ory note there"or on Noe*er 29, 1933 ith

intere!t at the rate o" 12Y $er annu*, a'reein' to $ay a! !oon a! I hae *oneyH.The note "urther !ti$u&ate that e"enant #"ereb$ relin%&is"' reno&nce' orot"er(ise (aive m$ rig"ts to t"e rescritions establis"e) b$ o&r Co)e o! Civil

*roce)&re !or t"e collection or recover$ o! t"e above s&m o! *+',,.. at an$ time even a!ter t"e lase o! ten $ears !rom t"e )ate o! t"is instr&ment#.

A"ter the e:e%ution o" the o%u*ent, $&aintiB &i*ite hi*!e&" to era&&yreGue!tin' e"enant to !ett&e hi! inetene!! "ro* ti*e to ti*e. P&aintiBi not &e any %o*$&aint a'ain!t the e"enant ithin ten year! "ro* thee:e%ution o" the o%u*ent a! there a! no $ro$erty re'i!tere in e"enantH!na*e, ho "urther*ore a!!ure hi* that he %ou& %o&&e%t een a"ter the &a$!e o"

ten year!. A"ter the &a!t ar, $&aintiB *ae ariou! ora& e*an!, ut e"enant!"ai&e to !ett&e hi! a%%ount. CFI< i&&a*or orere to $ay ;orro*eo +re$re!entey hi! heir!/ the !u* o" P7,22. ithin ninety ay! "ro* the ate o" the re%ei$to" !u%h e%i!ion ith intere!t at the rate o" 12Y $er annu* "ro* the e:$irationo" !u%h ninety-ay $erio. CA< reer!e CFI ru&in'

ISS!E: =hether or not the CA erre in reer!in' the ru&in' o" the CFI in nin'the &a% o" a&iity o" the !ti$u&ation a*ountin' to a aier in &ine ith the$rin%i$&e 4that a $er!on %annot renoun%e "uture $re!%ri$tion4

HE'D: V#Z ;eteen to $o!!i&e inter$retation!, that hi%h !ae! rather thane!troy! i! to e $re"erre.It i! a "una*enta& $rin%i$&e in the inter$retation o" %ontra%t! that hi&eorinari&y the &itera& !en!e o" the or! e*$&oye i! to e "o&&oe, !u%h i! notthe %a!e here they 4a$$ear to e %ontrary to the eient intention o" the%ontra%tin' $artie!,4 hi%h intention !ha&& $reai& +Art. 137/. The ter*!,%&au!e! an %onition! %ontrary to &a, *ora&! an $u&i% orer +in thi! %a!e the%onte!te !ti$u&ation/ !hou& e !e$arate "ro* the a&i an &e'a& %ontra%then !u%h !e$aration %an e *ae e%au!e they are ine$enent o" the a&i %ontra%t hi%h e:$re!!e! the i&& o" the %ontra%tin' $artie!.


34/47

--MIN!TE RES#'!TI#NS ARE A''#ED %& THE C#NSTIT!TI#N.

The Court re*in! a&& &oer %ourt!, &ayer!, an &iti'ant! that it i!$o!e! o"the u& o" it! %a!e! y *inute re!o&ution! an e%ree! the* a! na& ane:e%utory, a! here a %a!e i! $atent&y ithout *erit, here the i!!ue! rai!e are"a%tua& in nature, here the e%i!ion a$$ea&e "ro* i! !u$$orte y !u!tantia&

eien%e an i! in a%%or ith the "a%t! o" the %a!e an the a$$&i%a&e &a!,here it i! %&ear "ro* the re%or! that the $etition i! &e *ere&y to "ore!ta&& theear&y e:e%ution o" 0u'*ent an "or non-%o*$&ian%e ith the ru&e!. There!o&ution enyin' ue %our!e or i!*i!!in' the $etition a&ay! 'ie! the &e'a&a!i!. A! e*$ha!iDe in In ?e< =en%e!&ao 6aureta +1)8 #C?A 382, )17 [1987],4[T]he Court i! not Huty ounH to rener !i'ne e%i!ion! a&& the ti*e. It ha!a*$&e i!%retion to "or*u&ate e%i!ion! anOor Minute ?e!o&ution!, $roie a&e'a& a!i! i! 'ien, e$enin' on it! ea&uation o" a %a!e4 +Ita&i%! !u$$&ie/. Thi!i! the on&y ay herey it %an a%t on a&& %a!e! &e e"ore it an, a%%orin'&y,i!%har'e it! %on!titutiona& "un%tion!. The Court orinari&y a%t! on the in%ient!

or a!i% *erit! o" three hunre +3/ to "our hunre +)/ %a!e! throu'h it!three ii!ion! eery Monay an =ene!ay hen the ii!ion! *eet an onone hunre +1/ to one hunre tenty +12/ %a!e! eery Tue!ay anThur!ay that it *eet! en an% or aroun one thou!an +1,/ %a!e! a ee. Iti! on&y on Friay! an ee-en! that the *e*er! o" the Court or in their!e$arate %ha*er! or at ho*e e%au!e the Court oe! not *eet in !e!!ion Xeither in ii!ion! or n ;an%.

For a $ro*$t i!$at%h o" a%tion! o" the Court, *inute re!o&ution! are$ro*u&'ate y the Court throu'h the C&er o" Court, ho tae! %har'e o"!enin' %o$ie! thereo" to the $artie! %on%erne y Guotin' erati* the

re!o&ution i!!ue on a $arti%u&ar %a!e. It i! the C&er o" CourtH! uty to in"or* the$artie! o" the a%tion taen on their %a!e! y Guotin' the re!o&ution ao$te ythe Court. The C&er o" Court neer $arti%i$ate! in the e&ieration! o" a %a!e. A&&e%i!ion! an re!o&ution! are a%tion! o" the Court. The C&er o" Court *ere&ytran!*it! the CourtH! a%tion. Thi! a! e:$&aine in the %a!e X 5.?. No. E(28,4?hine Maretin' Cor$. . Fe&i: 5raante, et a&.4, here, in a re!o&ution ate Ju&y (, 1981, the Court !ai X 4[M]inute re!o&ution! o" thi! Court enyin' ori!*i!!in' un*eritoriou! $etition! &ie the $etition in the %a!e at ar, are there!u&t o" a thorou'h e&ieration a*on' the *e*er! o" thi! Court, hi%h oe!not an %annot e&e'ate the e:er%i!e o" it! 0ui%ia& "un%tion! to it! C&er o" Court

or any o" it! !ua&tern!, hi%h !hou& e non to %oun!e&. =hen a $etition i!enie or i!*i!!e y thi! Court, thi! Court !u!tain! the %ha&&en'e e%i!ion ororer to'ether ith it! nin'! o" "a%t! an &e'a& %on%&u!ion!.4

In 5.?. No. 7(3EE, Ma%ario Taya*ura, et a&. . Inter*eiate A$$e&&ateCourt, et a&. +May 21, 1987/, the Court %&arie the %on!titutiona& reGuire*entthat a e%i!ion *u!t e:$re!! %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an &a on hi%h iti! a!e a! re"errin' on&y to e%i!ion!. ?e!o&ution! i!$o!in' o" $etition! "a&&uner the %on!titutiona& $roi!ion hi%h !tate! that, 4No $etition "or reie . . .!ha&& e re"u!e ue %our!e . . . ithout !tatin' the &e'a& a!i! there"or4 +#e%tion1), Arti%&e III, Con!titution/. =hen the Court, a"ter e&ieratin' on a $etition


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an any !u!eGuent $&eain'!, *ani"e!tation!, %o**ent!, or *otion! e%ie! toeny ue %our!e to the $etition an !tate! that the Gue!tion! rai!e are "a%tua&or no reer!i&e error in the re!$onent %ourtH! e%i!ion i! !hon or "or !o*eother &e'a& a!i! !tate in the re!o&ution, there i! !uBi%ient %o*$&ian%e ith the%on!titutiona& reGuire*ent.

MIN!TE RES#'!TI#N D#ES N#T NEED T# %E SINED %& THE

J!STICES N#R T# C#NTAIN A CERTIFICATI#N RE"!IRED !NDERSECTI#N -@3 ART VIII.

Minute re!o&ution! nee not e !i'ne y the *e*er! o" the Court hotoo $art in the e&ieration! o" a %a!e nor o they reGuire the %erti%ation o" theChie" Ju!ti%e. For to reGuire *e*er! o" the Court to !i'n a&& re!o&ution! i!!ueou& not on&y unu&y e&ay the i!!uan%e o" it! re!o&ution! ut a 'reat a*ount o"their ti*e ou& e !$ent on "un%tion! *ore $ro$er&y $er"or*e y the C&er o"Court an hi%h ti*e %ou& e *ore $rota&y u!e in the ana&y!i! o" %a!e! anthe "or*u&ation o" e%i!ion! an orer! o" i*$ortant nature an %hara%ter. enith the u!e o" thi! $ro%eure, the Court i! !ti&& !tru''&in' to i$e out the

a%&o'! a%%u*u&ate oer the year! an *eet the eer in%rea!in' nu*er o"%a!e! %o*in' to it. ?e*eia& &e'i!&ation to *eet thi! $ro&e* i! a&!o $enin' inCon're!!.

In i!%har'in' it! %on!titutiona& utie!, the Court nee! the "u&& ti*e an

attention o" it! C&er! o" Court an other ey oBi%ia&!. It! oBi%er! o not hae the

ti*e to an!er "rio&ou! %o*$&aint! &e y i!'runt&e &iti'ant! Gue!tionin'

e%i!ion! an re!o&ution! o" the Court an ino&in' %a!e! e&ierate u$on an

re!o&e y the Court it!e&". A! ear&ier !tate, a&& re!o&ution! an e%i!ion! are

a%tion! o" the Court, not it! !uorinate $er!onne&. The Court a!!u*e! "u&&

re!$on!ii&ity "or a&& it! a%t!. It! $er!onne& %annot an!er an !hou& not e*ae to an!er "or a%t! o" the Court.


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Valdez vs. CA [G.R. No. 8082, 6ebr$ar 2, 1991]

is is a !ase of do$ble sale of real propert /#ere bot# -endees re%istered t#e sales /it# t#e Re%ister of eeds andea!# prod$!ed t#eir respe!ti-e o/ner5s d$pli!ate !op of t#e !ertifi!ate of title to t#e propert.

*po$ses 6ran!is!o Ante and an$ela Ante /ere t#e re%istered o/ners of a par!el of land lo!ated at 20t# A-en$e,$rp#, $e+on 'it, /it# an area of appro

?pon in>$iries "ade, t#e alde+ spo$ses learned t#at Antonio Ante #ad deli-ered t#e o/ner5s d$pli!ate !ertifi!ate of titleas a !ollateral to one r. 'a"ilo Gar"a of P$rd$e *treet., '$bao $e+on 'it to se!$re #is rentals in arrears in t#ea"o$nt of P9,000.00. n *epte"ber 13, 1983, $pon t#e proddin% of t#e alde+ spo$ses, Antonio Ante /rote to r. Q rs.Gar"a to re>$est t#e" to entr$st t#e o/ner5s d$pli!ate !op of t#e title of t#e >$estioned lot to t#e alde+ spo$ses /it#

t#e ass$ran!e t#at Ante /ill pa #is indebtedness to t#e". e Gar"a spo$ses t$rned o-er to t#e alde+ spo$ses t#esaid o/ner5s d$pli!ate !ertifi!ate of title after said alde+ spo$ses paid for t#e obli%ation of Antonio Ante to t#e Gar"aspo$ses.

e alde+ spo$ses t#en pro!eeded to re%ister t#e t/o deeds of sale dated ($ne 1, 1980 and 6ebr$ar 12, 1981 7 /it#t#e Re%ister of eeds of $e+on 'it b presentin% t#e o/ner5s d$pli!ate !op of t#e title. e /ere, #o/e-er, infor"edt#at t#e said o/ner5s d$pli!ate !ertifi!ate of title #ad been de!lared n$ll and -oid per order of ($d%e &$taan datedNo-e"ber 10, 1982. e also fo$nd o$t t#at spo$ses 6ran!is!o and an$ela Ante earlier filed a petition for t#e iss$an!eof a ne/ o/ner5s d$pli!ate !ertifi!ate of title and to de!lare n$ll and -oid t#e lost o/ner5s d$pli!ate !ertifi!ate of title.

e alde+ spo$ses also dis!o-ered t#at t#e Re%ister of eeds !an!elled &'& No. 1182 and in lie$ t#ereof iss$ed &'&No. 293889 in t#e na"e of 6eli!idad iernes on t#e basis of a deed of assi%n"ent of t#e sa"e propert dated 6ebr$ar17, 1982 e$ired fro" Antonio Ante /# #e e


37/47

After trial on t#e "erits before /#i!# t#e Antes /ere de!lared in defa$lt, a de!ision /as rendered b t#e trial !o$rt on April9, 198;, t#e dispositi-e part of /#i!# reads as follo/s:

HRH6RH, t#e !o"plaint is dis"issed as a%ainst defendants ierneses, and defendants Antes are #erebordered to pa to plaintiff, as praed for in t#eir !o"plaint, as follo/s:efendant Antes are #ereb ordered to pa a!t$al da"a%es in t#e a"o$nt of P20,000.00 to plaintiffs.efendants Antes are #ereb ordered to pa "oral and e


38/47


39/47

(),atsu Industries 0$/ils.53 Inc. vs. CA [5.?. No. 127(82, A$ri& 2),1998];e"ore the Court i! $&eain' &e on Mar%h ), 1998 in eha&" o" $etitioneran eno*inate a! a Motion "or 6eae to &e In%or$orate #e%on Motion"or ?e%on!ieration o" the ?e!o&ution o" #e$te*er 1, 1997. Thi!re!o&ution oe! not in the &ea!t e$art "ro* or enerate the !$e%i%$rohiition a'ain!t !e%on *otion! "or re%on!ieration[1] =hi%h area$$&i%a&e thereto. Con!ierin' hoeer, the in%rea!in' $ra%ti%e ye"eate $artie! o" %on0urin' !%enario! hi%h they &a*e "or their ea%&ein!tea o" a*ittin' the &a% o" *erit in their %a!e!, the Court i!%on!traine to on%e a'ain e:$re!! it! i!$&ea!ure a'ain!t !u%h unethi%a&i!re'ar o" the %anon! "or re!$on!i&e ao%a%y, ith the arnin' thatthi! in!iiou! $attern o" $ro"e!!iona& *i!%onu%t !ha&& not herea"ter ea&&oe to $a!! ith i*$unity.

Inee, $etitioner ha! 'one to the e:tent o" attriutin' !u$$o!e error!

an irre'u&aritie! in the i!$o!ition o" thi! %a!e to oth the Court o" A$$ea&! an thi! Court, ith $arti%u&ar a&&u!ion! a*ountin' to *i!%onu%ton the $art o" %oun!e& "or re!$onent $riate %or$oration an ith !$e%i%i*$utation! a'ain!t retire Ju!ti%e Teooro Pai&&a in %onne%tion thereith.The!e i&& herea"ter e i!%u!!e in &i'ht o" the re%or! o" thi! Court anthe i'orou! i!%&ai*er o" %oun!e& "or !ai $riate re!$onent.

PetitionerH! unri&e re*on!tration! are ire%te at the "a%t that it!$etition "or reie on certiorari o" the aer!e e%i!ion o" re!$onentCourt o" A$$ea&![2] a! enie y thi! Court "or "ai&ure to !uBi%ient&y !hothat re!$onent %ourt ha %o**itte any reer!i&e error in it! Gue!tione 0u'*ent.[3] Thi! a! arrie at a"ter ue %on!ieration y the #e%onii!ion o" thi! Court o" the *erit! o" the %ha&&en'e e%i!ion an thee:tene re!o&ution o" re!$onent %ourt enyin' $etitioner! *otion "orre%on!ieration thereo", the ar'u*ent! o" $etitioner in hi! $re!ent $etition"or reie on %ertiorari, the 0oint %o**ent o" re!$onent!, the re$&y o"$etitioner, an the 0oint re0oiner o" re!$onent!, a! e&& a! the re!$e%tieanne:e! o" !ai $&eain'!. Inee, the $artie! ha a&& the o$$ortunity toe:$oun on an i!!e%t the i!!ue! in thi! %a!e, an in !o*e in!tan%e! een

the non-i!!ue!, throu'h the &iera& a*i!!ion y thi! Court o" !u%h$&eain'!.

Petitioner then &e a 2)-$a'e *otion "or re%on!ieration, an thi! CourtreGuire re!$onent! to %o**ent thereon, a"ter hi%h $etitioner! re$&y&e ithout &eae a! nonethe&e!! a*itte, an to hi%h, on &eae!ou'ht an 'rante, re!$onent! &e a 0oint re0oiner. A&& the!e $&eain'!, 0u!t &ie tho!e *entione in the $re%ein' $ara'ra$h, ere !o e:ten!ie, tothe $oint o" een in%or$oratin' ne an *oie i!!ue!, a! to %oer a&&


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$o!!i&e a!$e%t! o" the %a!e to !u!ere the $arti!an ie! o" the $artie!.#in%e no aitiona& an !u!tantia& ar'u*ent! ere au%e to arrantthe re%on!ieration !ou'ht, the Court re!o&e to eny the *otion on January 2(, 1998.[)]

It ee! e:$&anation, there"ore, hy $etitioner ou& !ti&& in!i!t that the$artie! !hou& "urther hae een a&&oe to &e *e*orana, an oiou!

$&oy to 0u!ti"y a re!o&ution 'iin' ue %our!e to it! $etition, hi&e!i*u&taneou!&y in!inuatin' that it! $&eain'! ere not rea. Inee,$etitioner ou& een i%tate ho thi! Court !hou& hae a%te on it!$etition, ith the i*$roa&e theory that e%au!e the %a!e ha $ro're!!eto the re0oiner !ta'e, the $etition *u!t e 'ien ue %our!e an a e%i!ione renere therea"ter in it! "aor. Thi! it trie! to uttre!! y the $a&$a&yerroneou! !u*i!!ion that !in%e re!$onent %ourt reer!e the e%i!ion o"the %ourt a %&o, thi! Court i! uty oun to eter*ine the "a%t! ino&e.Fir!t&y, thi! i! a e&ierate *i!!tate*ent o" our 0uri!$ruen%e hi%h *ere&y

ho&! that, in !u%h a %a!e, thi! Court *ay at it! o$tion reie the "a%tua&nin'! o" the Court o" A$$ea&! in!tea o" ein' oun therey. #e%on&y,an or!e "or $etitioner, there i! no %onLi%t in the "a%tua& nin'! o" theto &oer %ourt! a! the Court o" A$$ea&! a%tua&&y ao$te the nin'! o""a%t o" the tria& %ourt.

In it! !e%on *otion "or re%on!ieration, $etitioner no trie! a iBerentta% y &e%turin' thi! Court on it! theory that the *inute re!o&ution! ita!!ai&! are !u$$o!e&y in io&ation o" #e%tion 1), Arti%&e III o" the $re!entCon!titution. In %hara%teri!ti% "a!hion, it in!inuate! that !u%h $ro%eureao$te y thi! Court i! a %u&$a&e %on!titutiona& io&ation an %an e!u0e%t o" i*$ea%h*ent $ro%eein'!. Petitioner i!, o" %our!e, "ree toe&iee an a%t a! it $&ea!e! 0u!t a! thi! Court *ay &iei!e e *ine totae the a$$ro$riate !an%tion!, "or hi%h $ur$o!e it ou& o e&& "or a&&an !unry to no i*ie the %on!i!tent o%trine! &ai on y thi! Court.

MIN!TE RES#'!TI#NS. A! ear&y a! Noino, et a&. !. Court o" A$$ea&!,et a&, it ha! een !tre!!e that the!e 4re!o&ution!4 are not 4e%i!ion!4ithin the aoe %on!titutiona& reGuire*ent! they *ere&y ho& that the

$etition "or reie !hou& not e entertaine an een orinary &ayer!hae a&& thi! ti*e !o uner!too it an the $etition to reie the e%i!iono" the Court o" A$$ea&! i! not a *atter o" ri'ht ut o" !oun 0ui%ia&i!%retion, hen%e there i! no nee to "u&&y e:$&ain the CourtH! enia& !in%e,"or one thin', the "a%t! an the &a are a&reay *entione in the Court o" A$$ea&!H e%i!ion.

Thi! a! reiterate in ue !. Peo$&e, et a&., an "urther %&arie in Muna&

!. Co**i!!ion on Auit, et a&. that the %on!titutiona& *anate i!


41/47

a$$&i%a&e on&y in %a!e! 4!u*itte "or e%i!ion,4 i.e., 'ien ue %our!e an

a"ter the &in' o" rie"! or *e*orana anOor other $&eain'!, ut not

here the $etition i! re"u!e ue %our!e, ith the re!o&ution there"or

!tatin' the &e'a& a!i! thereo". Thu!, hen the Court, a"ter e&ieratin' on

a $etition an !u!eGuent $&eain'!, e%ie! to eny ue %our!e to the

$etition an !tate! that the Gue!tion! rai!e 4are "a%tua& or there i! no

reer!i&e error in the re!$onent %ourtH! e%i!ion, there i! !uBi%ient

%o*$&ian%e ith the %on!titutiona& reGuire*ent.


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Mend)za vs. CFI [5.?. No. 6-3E(12-1), June 27, 1973]

Facts: In 19(), it a! $roen that a $ar%e& o" &an &o%ate in #ta. Maria,;u&a%an, i! one y MenoDa. MenoDa a$$&ie "or a tit&e. urin'$enen%y o" the a$$&i%ation e"ore the &an re'i!tration %ourt, MenoDa!o& the &an to anie& CruD. The %ontra%t o" !a&e a! a*itte in %ourt in&ieu o" the $enin' a$$&i%ation "or &an tit&e. The re'i!tration %ourtrenere a e%i!ion in Ju&y 19(E, orerin' the re'i!tration o" the to$ar%e&! o" &an in the na*e o" CruD !u0e%t to the u!u"ru%tuary ri'ht! o"MenoDa.The e%i!ion e%a*e na& an e:e%utory. In 19(8, hoeer, u$on "ai&ure o"CruD to $ay MenoDa, MenoDa $etitione that the tit&e i!!ue in the na*eo" CruD e %an%e&&e. The &an re'i!tration %ourt ru&e in "aor o" MenoDaon the 'roun that the %ourt erre in it! ear&ier e%i!ion in i!!uin' the &antit&e to CruD ho a! not a $arty to the a$$&i%ation o" tit&e initiate yMenoDa. CruD a$$ea&e. The Court o" A$$ea&! ru&e in "aor o" CruD.

ISS!E: =hether or not the tit&e %an e ea&t ith in the na*e o" a thir$arty.

HE'D: Ve!. The Court o" A$$ea&! ru&in' *u!t e !u!taine. Fir!t o" a&&, ita! $roen that MenoDa %au!e the re'i!tration in the na*e o" CruD$ur!uant to their %ontra%t o" !a&e. #e%on, MenoDa oer&oo! #e%tion 29o" the 6an ?e'i!tration A%t hi%h e:$re!!&y authoriDe! the re'i!tration o"the &an !u0e%t *atter o" a re'i!tration $ro%eein' in the na*e o" theuyer +CruD/ or o" the $er!on to ho* the &an ha! een %oneye y an

in!tru*ent e:e%ute urin' the intera& o" ti*e eteen the &in' o" thea$$&i%ation "or re'i!tration an the i!!uan%e o" the e%ree o" tit&e.

#C. 29. A"ter the &in' o" the a$$&i%ation an e"ore the i!!uan%e o" thee%ree o" tit&e y the Chie" o" the 5enera& 6an ?e'i!tration >Bi%e, the&an therein e!%rie *ay e ea&t ith an in!tru*ent! re&atin' thereto!ha&& e re%ore in the oBi%e o" the re'i!ter o" ee! at any ti*e e"orei!!uan%e o" the e%ree o" tit&e, in the !a*e *anner a! i" no a$$&i%ation haeen *ae. The intere!te $arty *ay, hoeer, $re!ent !u%h in!tru*ent!to the Court o" Fir!t In!tan%e in!tea o" $re!entin' the* to the oBi%e o" the

re'i!ter o" ee!, to'ether ith a *otion that the !a*e e %on!iere inre&ation ith the a$$&i%ation, an the %ourt a"ter noti%e to the $artie!, !ha&&orer !u%h &an re'i!tere !u0e%t to the en%u*ran%e %reate y a !aiin!tru*ent!, or orer the e%ree o" re'i!tration i!!ue in the na*e o" theuyer or o" the $er!on to ho* the $ro$erty ha! een %oneye y !aiin!tru*ent!. . . .

A !tran'er or a thir $arty *ay e ea&t ith in the &an re'i!tration$ro%eein'!. The on&y reGuire*ent! o" the &a are< +1/ that the in!tru*ente $re!ente to the %ourt y the intere!te $arty to'ether ith a *otion


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that the !a*e e %on!iere in re&ation ith the a$$&i%ation an +2/ that$rior noti%e e 'ien to the $artie! to the %a!e. An the $e%u&iar "a%t! an%ir%u*!tan%e! otainin' in thi! %a!e !ho that the!e reGuire*ent! haeeen %o*$&ie ith in thi! %a!e.

Dissentin8 #9ini)n 0Justice Aquin)5:

It i! not &a"u& an 0u!t that the to &ot! in &iti'ation !hou& e re'i!tere

in the na*e o" anie& CruD. The re'i!tration in hi! na*e i! not $ro$ere%au!e he i not interene in the &an re'i!tration $ro%eein' he inot e"ray the e:$en!e! thereo", an he ha! not $ai to 5enero!o MenoDa,or hi! io, ie'a e 6eon, the !u* o" P(, a! the $ri%e o" the $ar%e& o"&an.

--MIN!TE RES#'!TI#NS ARE N#T RE"!IRED T# C#M$'& ITHTHE C#NSTIT!TI#NA' RE"!IREMENT #F STATEMENT #F FACTS AND 'A .

That rin'! u! to the $oint rai!e in the *otion "or re%on!ierationo0e%tin' to our i!*i!!in' the $etition throu'h a *inute re!o&ution. It i!hi! %ontention that there !hou& e an e:tene e%i!ion. A! note at theout!et, re&ian%e i! ha on the %on!titutiona& $roi!ion reGuirin' a e%i!iony a %ourt o" re%or to %ontain 4%&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the &aon hi%h it i! a!e.4 A%%orin' to a re%ent e%i!ion, Jo!e . #anto!, hat i!e:$e%te o" the 0ui%iary 4i! that the e%i!ion renere *ae! %&ear hyeither $arty $reai&e uner the a$$&i%a&e &a to the "a%t! a! e!ta&i!he.Nor i! there any ri'i "or*u&a a! to the &an'ua'e to e e*$&oye to !ati!"y

the reGuire*ent o" %&arity an i!tin%tne!!. The i!%retion o" the $arti%u&ar 0u'e in thi! re!$e%t, hi&e not un&i*ite, i! ne%e!!ari&y roa. There i! no!a%ra*enta& "or* o" or! hi%h he *u!t u!e u$on $ain o" ein'%on!iere a! hain' "ai&e to aie y hat the Con!titution ire%t!.4

=hat *u!t then e !tre!!e i! that uner !u%h a $roi!ion a! he& inthe ear&y %a!e o" #on%uya . Nationa& Ine!t*ent ;oar, the e%i!ion!$oen o" i! the 0u'*ent renere a"ter the $reiou! $re!entation o" the$roo" in an orinary %ii& or %ri*ina& %a!e u$on a !ti$u&ation o" "a%t! u$on

hi%h it! i!$o!ition i! to e a!e. In ;a%o&o Mur%ia Mi&&in' Co., In%. .enare!, the aoe e%i!ion a! %ite ith a$$roa&, ith the o$inion o" Ju!ti%e J.;.6. ?eye! %ontainin' the "o&&oin'< 4P&aintiB-a$$e&&ant a!!i'n! a!another error that the orer a$$ea&e "ro* oe! not %ontain any !tate*ento" the "a%t! an the &a on hi%h it i! a!e. >iou!&y, thi! i! a!e on#e%tion 1, ?u&e 3E o" the ?u&e! o" Court, an #e%tion 12, Arti%&e III o" theCon!titution. The %ontention i! untena&e, !in%e the!e $roi!ion! hae eenhe& to re"er on&y to e%i!ion! o" the *erit! an not to orer! o" the tria&%ourt re!o&in' in%ienta& *atter! !u%h a! the one at ar.4


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It i! thu! not !e&"-eient that $etitioner %ou& 0u!t&y &ay %&ai* to a

'riean%e. For i" the !ituation i! !u0e%te to a !ear%hin' ana&y!i!, it %annote enie that hat i! rea&&y ino&e i! 0u!t a *ere in%ient in the$ro!e%ution o" $etitioner. a he $reai&e, he ou& hae een entit&e to$roi!iona& &ierty. ner the %ir%u*!tan%e!, a! the "a%t! o" the %a!e %&ear&ye*on!trate, ith the $&ea "or haea! %or$u! ein' unaai&in', e "e&t that

a *inute re!o&ution hi%h %ertain&y ou& reGuire &e!! ti*e than a "u&&-&on e%i!ion, a! not ina$$ro$riate.

Pre%i!e&y, the &enien%y !hon the $artie! to e&& at &en'th on their

re!$e%tie %ontention! !hou& i!$roe any !u!$i%ion that the e%i!ion

arrie at a! rea%he ithout a%%orin' the $artie! the "una*enta&

"airne!! to hi%h they are entit&e uner the Con!titution. #in%e, at the

*o!t, the re&ie" !ou'ht y $etitioner i&& not, in any ay, "ore%&o!e the

u&ti*ate out%o*e o" the %a!e! a'ain!t hi* one ay or the other, e

ee*e that the %on!titutiona& $roi!ion inoe i not !tri%t&y %a&& "or

a$$&i%ation. In that !en!e, a *inute re!o&ution %ertain&y %annot e

!ti'*atiDe a! in any i!e "ai&in' to aie y a %on!titutiona& %o**an.


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Francisc) vs. $er,s>ul [5.?. No. 81(, May 12, 1989]

An i*$ortant %on!titutiona& Gue!tion ha! een in0e%te in thi! %a!e hi%h!tarte out a! an orinary %o*$&aint "or a !u* o" *oney. The Gue!tion!Guare&y $re!ente to the Court i! the a&iity o" the *e*oranu* e%i!ionauthoriDe uner #e%tion ) o" ;.P. ;&'. 129 in the &i'ht o" Arti%&e III,#e%tion 1) o" the Con!titution.

>n May 21, 198), the $etitioner &ea!e hi! a$art*ent in Maati to the$riate re!$onent "or a $erio o" one year "or the !ti$u&ate renta& o"P3,. a *onth. Pur!uant to the &ea!e %ontra%t, the $riate re!$onente$o!ite ith the $etitioner the a*ount o" P9,. to an!er "or un$airenta&! or any a*a'e to the &ea!e $re*i!e! e:%e$t hen %au!e yrea!ona&e ear an tear. >n May 31, 198E, the $riate re!$onent a%ate the $ro$erty. e therea"ter reGue!te the re"un o" hi! e$o!it*inu! the !u* o" P1,., re$re!entin' the renta& "or the aitiona& tenay! o" hi! o%%u$an%y a"ter the e:$iration o" the &ea!e. The $etitionerre0e%te thi! reGue!t. e !ai the &e!!ee !ti&& oe hi* "or other %har'e!,in%&uin' the e&e%tri%ity an ater i&&! an the !u* o" P2,E. "orre$aintin' o" the &ea!e $re*i!e! to re!tore the* to their ori'ina&%onition. -

The $riate re!$onent !ue in the Metro$o&itan Tria& Court o" Maati. A"ter the !u*i!!ion o" $o!ition $a$er! y the $artie!, a !u**ary 0u'*ent a! renere on >%toer 11, 198E, !u!tainin' the %o*$&ainantan ho&in' that the re$aintin' a! not %har'ea&e to hi*. The e"enanta! orere to $ay the $&aintiB the a*ount o" P7,7E., re$re!entin' thea&an%e o" the e$o!it a"ter eu%tin' the ater an e&e%tri%ity %har'e!.

The $&aintiB a! a&!o aare the !u* o" P1,2E. a! attorneyH! "ee!,$&u! the Co!t!.

Thi! e%i!ion a! a$$ea&e to the ?e'iona& Tria& Court o" Maati an a!aBir*e y Ju'e Jo!e C. e &a ?a*a on January 1), 1987. Thi! a! one ina *e*oranu* e%i!ion reain' in "u&& a! "o&&o!<

MM>?ANM CI#I>N A"ter a %are"u& an thorou'h $eru!a&, ea&uation an !tuy o" there%or! o" thi! %a!e, thi! Court herey ao$t! y re"eren%e thenin'! o" "a%t an %on%&u!ion! o" &a %ontaine in the e%i!ion

o" the Metro$o&itan Tria& Court o" Maati, Metro Mani&a, ;ran%h(3 an n! that there i! no %o'ent rea!on to i!tur the !a*e.=?F>?, 0u'*ent a$$ea&e "ro* i! herey aBir*e intoto. @

=hen the e"enant ent to the Court o" A$$ea&!, hi! $etition "or reiea! enie on #e$te*er 29, 1987, a! !o too a! hi! *otion "orre%on!ieration, on e%e*er 1, 1987. 2 e i! no e"ore u! to "au&t there!$onent %ourt, $rin%i$a&&y "or !u!tainin' the *e*oranu* e%i!ion o"the re'iona& tria& %ourt. i! %ontention i! that it io&ate! Arti%&e III,


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#e%tion 1) o" the Con!titution.Thi! $roi!ion rea! a! "o&&o!<

#e%. 1). No e%i!ion !ha&& e renere y any %ourt ithoute:$re!!in' therein %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the &a onhi%h it i! a!e.No $etition "or reie or *otion "or re%on!ieration o" a e%i!iono" the %ourt !ha&& e re"u!e ue %our!e or enie ithout !tatin'the &e'a& a!i! there"or.

:%e$t "or the !e%on $ara'ra$h, hi%h a! introu%e on&y in the $re!ent%harter, #e%tion 1) ha! een in "or%e !in%e the Con!titution o" 193E. The$roi!ion a! re%a!t in aBir*atie ter*! in the 1973 Con!titution ut ha!een irtua&&y re!tore to it! ori'ina& "or* in the Con!titution o" 1987, toa$$&y to a&& %ourt!, in%&uin' the *uni%i$a& %ourt!. The $ur$o!e ha! a&ay!een the !a*e, iD., to in"or* the $er!on reain' the e%i!ion, ane!$e%ia&&y the $artie!, o" ho it a! rea%he y the %ourt a"ter%on!ieration o" the $ertinent "a%t! an e:a*ination o" the a$$&i%a&e &a!.

A%%orin' to the $etitioner, the *e*oranu* e%i!ion renere y there'iona& tria& %ourt !hou& e reoe "or non-%o*$&ian%e ith the aoe-Guote %on!titutiona& *anate. e a!! that the %a!e e re*ane to there'iona& tria& %ourt "or a "u&& &on hearin' on the *erit!, to e "o&&oe ya e%i!ion !tatin' therein %&ear&y an i!tin%t&y the "a%t! an the &a onhi%h it i! a!e. For hi! $art, the $riate re!$onent e*ur!. e 0u!tie!the *e*oranu* e%i!ion a! authoriDe y ;.P. ;&'. 129 an inoe! theru&in' o" thi! Court in ?o*ero . Court o" A$$ea&!, B =hi%h !u!taine the!ai &a.

RE"!IREMENTS F#R THE VA'IDIT& #F MEM#RAND!MDECISI#NS.

It i! %&ear that here the e%i!ion o" the a$$e&&ate %ourt a%tua&&yre$rou%e! the nin'! o" "a%t or the %on%&u!ion! o" &a o" the %ourt e&o,it i! not a *e*oranu* e%i!ion a! eni!ione in the aoe $roi!ion. Thei!tin%tie "eature! o" the *e*oranu* e%i!ion are, r!t, it i! renerey an a$$e&&ate %ourt, an !e%on, it in%or$orate! y re"eren%e the nin'!o" "a%t or the %on%&u!ion! o" &a %ontaine in the e%i!ion, orer or ru&in'

uner reie. Mo!t &ie&y, the $ur$o!e i! to aBir* the e%i!ion, a&thou'h iti! not i*$o!!i&e that the a$$roa& o" the nin'! o" "a%t y the &oer %ourt*ay &ea to a iBerent %on%&u!ion o" &a y the hi'her %ourt. At any rate,the rea!on "or a&&oin' the in%or$oration y re"eren%e i! eient&y to aoithe %u*er!o*e re$rou%tion o" the e%i!ion o" the &oer %ourt, or$ortion! thereo", in the e%i!ion o" the hi'her %ourt. The iea i! to aoihain' to re$eat in the oy o" the &atter e%i!ion the nin'! or%on%&u!ion! o" the &oer %ourt !in%e they are ein' a$$roe or ao$teanyay.


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That !a*e %ir%u*!tan%e i! hat i&& *oe u! no to &ay on the"o&&oin' reGuire*ent, a! a %onition "or the $ro$er a$$&i%ation o" #e%tion) o" ;.P. ;&'. 129. The *e*oranu* e%i!ion, to e a&i, %annotin%or$orate the nin'! o" "a%t an the %on%&u!ion! o" &a o" the &oer%our

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