Joints Joints

Joints Joints - Articulation Classified

– Extent of their function – Degree of movement– Structure - based on the presence or

absence of joint cavity and supporting tissue.

Joints Classified by Movement

Synarthrosis - Immovable joint -generally fibrous joints.

Amphiarthrosis - Limited movement -generally cartilaginous joints.

Diarthrosis - Freely movable - generally synovial joints.

Fibrous Joints

Lack joint cavity Lack fibrous connective tissue Generally immovable in adults Types

– Suture– Syndesmoses– Gomphoes

Fibrous Joints

Suture - tight union - movement rarely occurs. Skull bones

Syndoesmoses - bones are close together but not touching, held together by collagenous fibers or ligaments. Radius & Ulna.

Gomphoses - peg and socket. Tooth

Suture Joint

Movable in children Immovable in adults Only in skull

Syndesmoses Joints

Bones close together but not touching

Held together with collagenous fibers.

Example– Inferior tibiofibular– Ulna & Radius

Gomphoses Joints

Fibrous joint made up of a peg and socket.

Example - teeth

Synarthrodial- Immovable JointFibrous

Cartilaginous Joints

Bones united by a plate of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilaginous disk

Lack joint cavity Permits little or no movement Examples

– Synchondrosis - epiphyseal– Symphysis - pubis, manubriosternal,

invertebral joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synchondrosis- Temporary joint composed of hyaline cartilage joining diaphysis and epiphysis.

Symphysis - Bony surfaces bridged by flattened plates and disks of fibrocartilage.

Amphiarthrodial - Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial Joints

Most of permanent joints Allows the greatest range of movement Ends of bones are covered with smooth

catilage. Lubricated and nourished by thick fluid

called synovial fluid Has a joint cavity

Synovial Joints - Diarthrosis4 essential structures of synovial

joints Synovial Cavity - has a space between

the two articulating bones. Articular cartilage Articular capsule - lines the synovial

cavity and outer layer of capsule. Ligaments

Synovial Joints

Types– Hinge– Pivot– Condyloid– Gliding– Saddle– Ball-and Socket

Types of synovial joints

Hinge - elbow Pivot - radioulna joint Condyloid (modified ball-and-socket)

knuckle joint except the thumb. Gliding - vertebrae, carpal and tarsal Saddle - Thumb Ball-and-socket - shoulder, hip

Pivot Joint

Condyloid Joint

Ellipsoidal

Ball and Socket

Joints

When things go Wrong!

When things go WRONG!

Arthritis - inflammation of the joint Osteoarthritis - degenerative arthritis,

wear and tear arthritis, most common. Rheumatoid arthritis - most debilitating

form of chronic arthritis, involves inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Gouty arthritis - Gout, metabolic disease resulting in needle-shape crystals

When things go WRONG!

Bursitis - inflammation of one or more bursae

Dislocation - 2 articulating surfaces become separated.

Sprain - tearing of ligaments that follows the sudden wrench of a joint.

Fetal Surgery

Power Point

Club foot (1) Flat feet 296pg (1) Bunion (1) Corns (1) Fractures 299-300 pg (11) Curvatures of spine 303-304 pg (3)

TEST Chapter 7,8,9 Names of bones Types of bones - long, short, etc……(pg.230) Definitions of joints - match typed of joints (pg.312) Diseases and abnormalities - definitions. Bones with features; foramen,ridges ( Worksheets) Articulations Axial and appendicular skeleton. Types of fractures - comminuted, compound,

greenstick, impacted. (pg. 299) Facts about bones!! STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!