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EQT MIDSTREAM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANUAL DESIGN STANDARD WELDING AND JOINING 3.5 JOINT SELECTION AND DESIGN Total Pages: 25

Joint Selection and Design.doc Page 851 Revision / Save Date: 3/15/17

Table of Contents

Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 853 References ............................................................................................................................................................... 853

EQT Midstream Publications ............................................................................................................................. 853 Industry Standards ............................................................................................................................................ 854

1 Welded Joint .................................................................................................................................................... 854 1.1 Usage ....................................................................................................................................................... 854 1.2 Types ....................................................................................................................................................... 854

1.2.1 Butt Weld...................................................................................................................................... 854 1.2.2 Fillet Weld .................................................................................................................................... 854

2 Flanged Joints ................................................................................................................................................. 855 2.1 Usage ....................................................................................................................................................... 855 2.2 Specifications ........................................................................................................................................... 855 2.3 Flange Types ........................................................................................................................................... 855

2.3.1 Raised Face Weld Neck .............................................................................................................. 855 2.3.2 Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Weld Neck ............................................................................................... 856 2.3.3 Flat Face Weld Neck .................................................................................................................... 856 2.3.4 Slip on Flanges ............................................................................................................................ 856

2.4 Gasket Types ........................................................................................................................................... 856 2.4.1 Sheet Gasket ............................................................................................................................... 856 2.4.2 Spiral Wound ............................................................................................................................... 856 2.4.3 Ring Joint ..................................................................................................................................... 857 2.4.4 Insulating ...................................................................................................................................... 857

2.5 Bolt/Torque Information ........................................................................................................................... 857 TABLE 1 - ASTM A193 B7 Bolt Dimensions ........................................................................................... 859 TABLE 2 - ASTM A193 B7 Bolt Dimensions (continued) ........................................................................ 860 TABLE 3 - ASTM A307 Machine Bolt Dimensions .................................................................................. 860 TABLE 4 - Torque Values: ANSI 150 with Compressed Sheet Gasket material .................................... 861 TABLE 5 - Torque Values: ANSI 300 with Compressed Sheet Gasket material .................................... 862 TABLE 6 - Torque Values: ANSI 150 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets ............. 863 TABLE 7 - Torque Values: ANSI 300 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets ............. 864 TABLE 8 - Torque Values: ANSI 600 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets ............. 865 TABLE 9 - Torque Values: ANSI 900 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets ............. 866 TABLE 10 - Torque Values: ANSI 1500 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets ......... 867 Figure 1 - Bolt Torque Sequence ............................................................................................................ 868

3 Threaded joints ................................................................................................................................................ 869



3.1 Usage ....................................................................................................................................................... 869 3.2 Thread Types ........................................................................................................................................... 869

3.2.1 NPT .............................................................................................................................................. 869 3.2.2 ACME ........................................................................................................................................... 869

4 Compression Joints ........................................................................................................................................ 869 4.1 Usage ....................................................................................................................................................... 869 4.2 Sealant is not used with this joint type. .................................................................................................... 869 4.3 Fitting Types ............................................................................................................................................ 869

4.3.1 Pipe Couplers .............................................................................................................................. 869 4.3.2 Tubing Valves and Tubing Fittings .............................................................................................. 869

5 Zap-Lok® .......................................................................................................................................................... 870 Figure 2 - Zap-Lok® Joint ........................................................................................................................ 870

5.1 Usage ....................................................................................................................................................... 870 Figure 3 – Flow Direction when pigging Zap-Lok® pipelines. ................................................................. 871

5.2 Pipe Selection and Preparation ............................................................................................................... 871 Figure 4 - Zap-Lok® Pipe Showing Zap-Wrap Coating .......................................................................... 872 TABLE 11 – Pipe Selection and Preparation Specifications ................................................................... 872 5.2.1 Manufacturing .............................................................................................................................. 872

5.3 Zapoxy Mixing & Application .................................................................................................................... 873 5.3.1 Cold Weather Application ............................................................................................................ 873

5.4 Insertion ................................................................................................................................................... 873 5.5 Hydrotesting ............................................................................................................................................. 873 5.6 Hot Bends ................................................................................................................................................ 873 5.7 Cold Bends .............................................................................................................................................. 873 5.8 Bores and Drills ........................................................................................................................................ 873

Version Control ....................................................................................................................................................... 874



This document is intended for the employees of EQT Corporation and any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries who are qualified to understand and follow its contents. Any questions regarding the use of this document should be directed to the Director of Design Engineering, EQT Midstream.

Scope

This Standard provides information on welded, flanged, Zap-Lok®, threaded and compression joints and addresses the best practice selection guidelines. This Standard applies to all EQT Midstream natural gas and natural gas liquids pipeline facilities with the exception of Processing Plants and Truck Terminals.

References EQT Midstream Publications

EQT POLICY, STANDARDS, & PUBLICATIONS

Design and Construction Standards

• 3.1 ‘Welding and Inspection Requirements’

• 9.1 ‘Strength Testing of Pipeline Facilities’

• 4.9 ‘Anchorage of Coupled Pipe’

• 10.2 ‘Pipeline Construction Standard’

• 10.1 Facilities Construction and Commissioning Standard Operating Procedures

• MP 075 - Joining Steel Pipe Using Mechanical Fittings

• MP 092 - Measure Pipe Thickness using Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Material Specifications

• 2.2.5 MS-GSK-BLT- Gasket and Bolt Specification

• 2.2.14 MS-TUB - Tubing and Tubing Fittings Specification 13.6 Corrosion Standard Drawings

• P-S-STANDARD-1204 – Cathodic Protection 13.1 Pipeline Standard Drawings

• P-S-BARREDTEE-1197

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2003%20-%20Welding%20and%20Joining/3.1%20Welding%20and%20Inspection%20Requirements/Approved/Welding%20and%20Inspection%20Requirements.docx

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2009%20-%20Testing%20and%20Purging/9.1%20Strength%20Testing%20of%20Pipeline%20Facilities/Approved/Strength%20Testing%20of%20Pipeline%20Facilities.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2004%20-%20Pipeline/4.9%20Anchorage%20of%20Coupled%20Pipelines/Approved/Anchorage%20of%20Coupled%20Piping.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2010%20-%20Construction/10.2%20Pipeline%20Construction%20Specifications/Approved/Pipeline%20Construction%20Specifications.docx

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2010%20-%20Construction/10.1%20Facilities%20Const-Commiss/Approved/Const%20and%20Comm%20Standard.doc

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https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/midtrain/Standard%20Operating%20Procedures%20SOPs/Pipeline%20Install/MP%20075.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/midtrain/Standard%20Operating%20Procedures%20SOPs/Corrosion/MP%20092.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2002%20-%20Material,%20Equipment%20and%20Vendors/2.2%20Mat%20and%20Eq%20Specs/2.2.5%20Gaskets%20and%20Bolts/Approved/MS-GSK-BLT.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2002%20-%20Material,%20Equipment%20and%20Vendors/2.2%20Mat%20and%20Eq%20Specs/2.2.5%20Gaskets%20and%20Bolts/Approved/MS-GSK-BLT.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2002%20-%20Material,%20Equipment%20and%20Vendors/2.2%20Mat%20and%20Eq%20Specs/2.2.14%20Tubing%20and%20Tubing%20Fittings/Approved/MS-TUB.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2002%20-%20Material,%20Equipment%20and%20Vendors/2.2%20Mat%20and%20Eq%20Specs/2.2.14%20Tubing%20and%20Tubing%20Fittings/Approved/MS-TUB.doc

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2013%20-%20Standard%20Drawings/13.6%20Corrosion/Approved/Standard%20Corrosion%20Drawing%20List.xlsx

https://knowledgecenter.eqt.com/EngineeringAndAnalysis/DesignEngineering/dcsm/STDS_SPECS/Section%2013%20-%20Standard%20Drawings/13.1%20Pipeline/Approved/Standard%20Pipeline%20Drawing%20Listing.xlsx



Industry Standards

INDUSTRY STANDARDS

References to Industry Standards *Latest edition incorporated by reference in Title 49 CFR Part 192

• ASME B31.8: Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, latest approved edition, Chapter III

• ASME B31.4: Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids

• ASME B16.5: Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ Through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard

• ASME B16.47: Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 Through NPS 60 Metric/Inch Standard

• MSS-SP44: Steel Pipeline Flanges, Latest Edition

• ASTM A-105: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications

• ASTM A-193: Standard Specification for Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and othe Special Purpose Applications

1 Welded Joint

A weld is a permanent connection between; pipe, valve or a fitting or a combination. A properly completed weld will be stronger than the pipeline and leak free. For natural gas and natural gas liquids containing facilities, qualified procedures are required to be followed in making a weld, reference Welding and Inspection Requirements.

1.1 Usage

Welding should be used for all below grade connections. Welding should be used whenever components will not need to be removed for maintenance. Electrical isolation is possible with the use of a welded insulation joint.

1.2 Types

1.2.1 Butt Weld

• Butt Welds (butt joint) – A joint between two members aligned approximately in the same plane.

• Used with pipe to pipe joining

• Used with pipe fittings such as flanges, ells, and valves

• Used when joining the longitudinal seams of a full encirclement saddle or repair sleeve

1.2.2 Fillet Weld

• Used with field fabricated branch connections

• Used with reinforcing members

http://linkmanager.ihs.com/LinkManagerService/LKMLink.aspx?LinkRefName=ASME+B31.8-Current&RefGroupId=81

http://linkmanager.ihs.com/LinkManagerService/LKMLink.aspx?LinkRefName=ASME+B31.4+-+Current&RefGroupId=81

http://linkmanager.ihs.com/LinkManagerService/LKMLink.aspx?LinkRefName=ASME+B16.5&RefGroupId=81

http://linkmanager.ihs.com/LinkManagerService/LKMLink.aspx?LinkRefName=ASTM+A105%2fA105M+REV+A&RefGroupId=81



• Used with Olet type of connections. Olets shall have a minimum rating of 3000 PSIG for threaded and socket weld outlets, and XS for welded outlets.

♦ Used with socket weld connections Socket weld fittings are not to be used in H2S service

♦ Socket weld fittings are not to be subjected to vibrational loading

♦ Socket weld fittings are permitted to be used on 1 - inch and smaller natural gas liquids pipelines

♦ Socket weld fittings are permitted to be used on 1 ½ - inch and smaller natural gas pipelines

♦ Socket weld fittings are permitted to be used on 2 - inches and smaller compressor station auxiliary pipelines

♦ Socket weld fittings are permitted to be used above and below grade

2 Flanged Joints

A flanged joint is a mechanical connection consisting of a gasket compressed between two flanges with bolts holding the assembly together.

2.1 Usage

• Shall not be used below grade without Engineering approval.

• Allows for the removal of valves, components, spool pieces and/or assemblies

• Assemblies must be accurately fit together to allow flanges to line up to be parallel and to assure proper gasket fitment

• Electrically isolatable with the use of an insulation kit, reference Cathodic Protection standard drawings P-S-STANDARD-1204 for kit installation details.

2.2 Specifications

All flanges sizes 24” or less shall be specified to ANSI B16.5 or MSS SP-44 standards. Flanges greater than 24” shall comply with MSS SP-44 or ANSI B16.47 standards. MSS SP-44 retains the flange pressure rating up to 250 F. When using ANSI B16.47 standards, design drawings shall specify whether Series A or Series B flanges apply. Series A flange standards are closely related to MSS-SP-44 standards whereas Series B flanges are closely tied to API 605 standards. Series A flanges are required unless otherwise specified by Engineering or Material Manufacturer.

Flanges are supplied to comply with ASTM A-105 material (equivalent to Grade B) or ASTM A-694 unless specified otherwise. Flanges 12” and larger may require MSS-SP-44 specifications. ASTM A-694 and MSS-SP-44 specified flanges have varying grades of strength denoted F(XX) where (XX) is the yield strength in KSI. Grades correspond to grades described in API 5L for pipeline. Flange material must be specified to meet the design pressure of the system (consider flange grade and hub thickness)

2.3 Flange Types

2.3.1 Raised Face Weld Neck

• Most common flange type in industry

• Use a spiral wound gasket or compressed sheet gasket with raised face flanges



2.3.2 Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Weld Neck

• Typically used at pressure ratings exceeding ANSI 600 in natural gas service

• Typically used for natural gas liquids pipelines at all pressure conditions

• Provides a higher integrity seal than other gasket types. Ttypical seating pressure of 18,000 PSI is obtained

• Most forgiving to flange misalignment due to ‘line of contact’ seal

• Piping systems may require additional spacers to allow for assembly and disassembly

2.3.3 Flat Face Weld Neck

• Less common flange type used on some low pressure equipment and existing valves

• Use a Full Face gasket with Flat Faced flanges and high strength bolts

• A Flat Face flange and a Raised Face Flange can be joined using a full face gasket and low strength bolts.

2.3.4 Slip on Flanges

• Used on compressor station auxiliary piping systems

• Shall not be used for gas service unless approved by Design Engineering

2.4 Gasket Types

Reference MS-GSK-BLT Gasket and Bolt Specification

2.4.1 Sheet Gasket

• Lowest cost gasket type

• Shall not be reused

• Bolt torque values are based on gasket load

• Used for ANSI 150 applications; compressor station gas piping applications may use a spiral wound gasket

• May be used in some ANSI 300 applications (consider vibration and potential for flange misalignment)

• Thicker material (1/8 - inch) can be specified to help with sealing in large diameter flanges or complex assemblies, where many flanges have to be lined up. The thicker gasket will be more forgiving in sealing a less than perfect fitment (non-parallel flanges or improper face to face gap).

2.4.2 Spiral Wound

• Used for ANSI 300 through ANSI 2500 applications with raised face flanges

• All spiral wound gaskets shall be CGI type with 304 stainless steel inner ring unless a specific gas contaminant (such as salt water) requires an alternate S.S. grade to prevent corrosion



• ANSI 150 spiral wound gaskets permitted for use with compressor station gas piping using Raised Face Weld Neck flanges

• Provides a more robust seal

• Spiral wound gaskets may not be reused

• Bolt torque values are based on gasket stress and bolt stress. In general, torque in this document is determined by targeting a minimum tensile load on the bolt to exceed the value required by ASME Section VIII calculations for Wm1 (minimum bolt load for operating conditions) or Wm2 (minimum bolt load for gasket seating). A maximum bolt stress of 60 ksi and maximum gasket stress of 30 ksi is targeted, however, in some cases this may be exceeded to meet Wm1. A minimum bolt stress of 20 ksi and gasket stress of 10 ksi is also targeted.

2.4.3 Ring Joint

• Used with Ring Type Joint (RTJ) flanges

• Provides ‘line of contact’ seal

2.4.4 Insulating

• Kits available for any flange type

• Insulating kits may not be reused

• E Style – Full Face- gaskets shall be used with double washers

• Use when electrical isolation is required

• Washer stress must be considered when evaluating torque requirements. Consider the washer manufacturer recommendation for maximum torque to minimize chance of crushing washers.

2.5 Bolt/Torque Information

• Add 1/2 - inch to Bolt Lengths for use with insulating kits See Table 1 or 2 for Bolt Dimensions.

• Machine bolts may be used with compressed sheet gaskets for ANSI 125 and 150 Flanges

• Bolts removed from a joint and determined to be in good condition can be cleaned and reused unless otherwise specified in the project specific requirements.

• Bolts should be tightened to the proper torque and in the proper sequence. Tightening shall occur in a four (4) stage process:

1. Following proper sequence, tighten all bolts to 30% of recommended torque

2. Tighten all bolts to 60% of recommended torque

3. Tighten all bolts to 100% of recommended torque.

4. Lastly, in a circular, clockwise fashion, ensure that all bolts are at 100% of the recommended torque values.


Joint Selection and Design.doc 58 Revision / Save Date: 3/15/17

• An Oil-Graphite based lubricant shall be used with uncoated bolts for all flanges (excluding insulated flanges). The required graphite based lubricant is Loctite Graphite-50 anti-seize (LB 8504). Alternates must be specifically approved by Design Engineering.

• Molybdenum based lubricants shall be used for insulating flanges. The required Molybdenum based lubricant is Loctite Moly-50 (LB 8700). Alternates must be specifically approved by Design Engineering.

• Liberally lubricate the nut face, nut threads and bolt threads.

• The torque values in Tables 6,7,8,9, and 10 in the lubricated (K=0.16) column apply to both the graphite and molybdenum based lubricants listed above.

• Fluorocarbon (Teflon / Xylan) coated bolts shall be torqued clean, dry, and without lubrication.

• Clean dry Cadmium plated bolts shall be torqued to the values in the K=0.16 column. Oil-Graphite lubricated Cadmium plated bolts shall be torqued to the values in the K=0.12 column.

• With design engineering approval, the torque values in Tables 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 may be exceeded by 15% for pressure test.

• A torque tool system such as Hytorc’s Simultorc system can be used to tighten bolts simultaneously. If the equipment is set up such that not all bolts are tightened at once refer to Bolt Torque Sequence for appropriate bolt tightening sequence.

• For size 24” and above raised face flange joints with CGI spiral wound gaskets, the target tensile load may be used for hydraulic tensioning of each stud.

• All torquing equipment must have been calibrated within 1 year of use date and documentation must be supplied to the EQT Construction Project Manager.

http://www.hytorc.com/torque-tools-equipment/torque-tools-systems



TABLE 1 - ASTM A193 B7 Bolt Dimensions

STUD BOLT QUANTITIES AND DIMENSIONS - FOR RAISED FACE FLANGES

NOM PIPE SIZE

ANSI 150 ANSI 300 ANSI 400

# OF BOLTS

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS # OF

BOLTS

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS # OF

BOLTS

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS 1" 4 1/2" 2-3/4" 4 5/8" 3-1/4" 4 5/8" 3-3/4"

1-1/2" 4 1/2" 3" 4 3/4" 3-3/4" 4 3/4" 4-1/4" 2" 4 5/8" 3-1/4" 8 5/8" 3-1/2" 8 5/8" 4-1/4" 3" 4 5/8" 3-3/4" 8 3/4" 4-1/4" 8 3/4" 5" 4" 8 5/8" 3-3/4" 8 3/4" 4-1/2" 8 7/8" 5-1/2" 6" 8 3/4" 4" 12 3/4" 5" 12 7/8" 6" 8" 8 3/4" 4-1/4" 12 7/8" 5-1/2" 12 1" 6-3/4" 10" 12 7/8" 4-3/4" 16 1" 6-1/4" 16 1-1/8" 7-1/2" 12" 12 7/8" 4-3/4" 16 1-1/8" 6-3/4" 16 1-1/4" 8" 16" 16 1" 5-1/2" 20 1-1/4" 7-1/2" 20 1-3/8" 8-3/4" 20" 20 1-1/8" 6-1/4" 24 1-1/4" 8-1/4" 24 1-1/2" 9-3/4" 24" 20 1-1/4" 7" 24 1-1/2" 9-1/4" 24 1-3/4" 10-3/4"

30"- A* 28 1-1/4" 9-1/4" 28 1-3/4" 11-3/4" 28 2" 13-1/2" 36"- A* 32 1-1/2" 11-1/4" 32 2" 13-1/2" 32 2" 14-1/2" 42"- A* 36 1-1/2" 11-3/4" 32 1-5/8" 13-3/4" 32 1-7/8" 16" 30"- B* 44 3/4" 5-3/4" 36 1-3/8" 11-1/4" 28 1-1/2" 12-1/2" 36"- B* 44 7/8" 6-3/4" 32 1-5/8" 12-1/2" 28 1-3/4" 15-1/2" 42"- B* 48 1" 7-1/2" 36 1-3/4" 14" - - -

*For Description of A and B see Section 2.2.



TABLE 2 - ASTM A193 B7 Bolt Dimensions (continued)

STUD BOLT QUANTITIES AND DIMENSIONS - FOR RAISED FACE FLANGES

NOM PIPE SIZE

ANSI 600 ANSI 900 ANSI 1500

# OF BOLTS

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS

# OF BOLT

S

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS # OF

BOLTS

DIAM OF

BOLTS

LENGTH OF

STUDS 1" 4 5/8" 3-3/4" 4 7/8" 5” 4 7/8" 5"

1-1/2" 4 3/4" 4-1/4" 4 1" 5-1/2" 4 1" 5-1/2" 2" 8 5/8" 4-1/4" 8 7/8" 5-3/4" 8 7/8" 5-3/4" 3" 8 3/4" 5" 8 7/8" 5-3/4" 8 1-1/8" 7" 4" 8 7/8" 5-3/4" 8 1-1/8" 6-3/4" 8 1-1/4" 7-3/4" 6" 12 1" 6-3/4" 12 1-1/8" 7-3/4" 12 1-3/8" 10-1/4" 8" 12 1-1/8" 7-3/4" 12 1-3/8" 8-3/4" 12 1-5/8" 11-1/2" 10" 16 1-1/4" 8-1/2" 16 1-3/8" 9-1/4" 12 1-7/8" 13-1/2" 12" 20 1-1/4" 8-3/4" 20 1-3/8" 10” 16 2" 15" 16" 20 1-1/2" 10" 20 1-5/8" 11-1/4" 16 2-1/2" 17-3/4" 20" 24 1-5/8" 11-1/2" 20 2" 13-3/4" 16 3" 21-1/4" 24" 24 1-7/8" 13 20 2-1/2" 17-1/4" 16 3-1/2" 24-1/4"

30"- A* 28 2" 14-1/2" 20 3" 20-1/2" - - - 36"- A* 28 2-1/2" 16-1/2" 20 3-1/2" 23-3/4" - - - 42"- A* 28 2-1/2" 20" 24 3-1/2" 25-3/4" - - - 30"- B* 28 1-7/8" 15-1/4" 20 3" 20-1/2" - - - 36"- B* 28 2-1/4" 17-3/4" 24 3" 22-1/4" - - -

*For a Description of A and B see Section 2.2

TABLE 3 - ASTM A307 Machine Bolt Dimensions

Nominal Pipe Size

ANSI 150

# of Bolts Bolt

Diameter Length of

Bolt 1" 4 1/2" 2-1/4" 2" 4 5/8" 2-3/4" 3" 4 5/8" 3-1/4" 4" 8 5/8" 3-1/4" 6" 8 3/4" 3-1/2" 8" 8 3/4" 3-3/4" 10" 12 7/8" 4" 12" 12 7/8" 4-1/4" 16" 16 1" 4-3/4" 20" 20 1-1/8" 5-1/2" 24" 20 1-1/4" 6"



TABLE 4 - Torque Values: ANSI 150 with Compressed Sheet Gasket material

ANSI 150

Nom. Pipe

Diameter

Torque (ft-lb)

Clean and Dry As

Received Lightly

Lubricated

Oil and Graphite Mixture

Teflon or Moly

Based Zinc

Plated Cadmium

Plated Phosphate

Plated 1/2" 40 35 30 25 40 30 35 3/4" 40 35 30 25 40 30 35 1" 40 35 30 25 40 30 35

1-1/2" 40 35 30 25 40 30 35 2" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 3" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 4" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 6" 135 120 110 80 135 110 120 8" 135 120 110 80 135 110 120 10" 215 195 170 130 215 170 195 12" 215 195 170 130 215 170 195 14" 325 290 260 195 325 260 290 16" 325 290 260 195 325 260 290 20" 475 430 380 285 475 380 430 24" 670 600 535 400 670 535 600

Torque values in the above chart are based on a Gasket Factor of Y=900 psi. Please refer to Design Engineering if Gasket Factor Y is less than 900 psi.



TABLE 5 - Torque Values: ANSI 300 with Compressed Sheet Gasket material

ANSI 300

Nom. Pipe

Diameter

Torque (ft-lb)

Clean and Dry As

Received Lightly

Lubricated

Oil and Graphite Mixture

Teflon or Moly

Based Zinc

Plated Cadmium

Plated Phosphate

Plated 1/2" 40 35 30 25 40 30 35 3/4" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 1" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70

1-1/2" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 2" 75 70 60 45 75 60 70 3" 135 120 110 80 135 110 120 4" 135 120 110 80 135 110 120 6" 135 120 110 80 135 110 120 8" 215 195 170 130 215 170 195 10" 325 290 260 195 325 260 290 12" 475 430 380 285 475 380 430 14" 475 430 380 285 475 380 430 16" 670 600 535 400 670 535 600 20" 670 600 535 400 670 535 600 24" 1195 1075 955 715 1195 955 1075

Torque values in the above chart are based on a Gasket Factor of Y=900 psi. Please refer to Design Engineering if Gasket Factor Y is less than 900 psi.



TABLE 6 - Torque Values: ANSI 150 Spiral Wound, Insulating* and Ring Type Joint Gaskets

ANSI 150 Bolt Data Torque (ft-lb)

Nominal Pipe Size

(in.)

Nominal Bolt

Diameter (in.)

Root Diameter

(in.)

Qty. of Flange Bolts

Target Bolt Load

(lb)

Graphite 50 Moly 50 (Ins) Cadmium Dry

K=0.16

Teflon / Xylan Coated

Cadmium Lub. K=0.12

Clean and Dry K=0.22

0.5 1/2 0.400 4 5,250 35 26 48 0.75 1/2 0.400 4 5,400 36 27 50

1 1/2 0.400 4 7,050 47 35 65 1.25 1/2 0.400 4 6,300 42 32 58 1.5 1/2 0.400 4 7,500 50 38 69 2 5/8 0.507 4 9,600 80 60 110

2.5 5/8 0.507 4 10,800 90 68 124 3 5/8 0.507 4 12,600 105 79 144 4 5/8 0.507 8 10,200 85 64 117 5 3/4 0.620 8 13,000 130 98 179 6 3/4 0.620 8 18,000 180 135 248 8 3/4 0.620 8 19,000 190 143 261 10 7/8 0.731 12 20,571 240 180 330 12 7/8 0.731 12 25,714 300 225 413 14 1 0.838 12 30,000 400 300 550 16 1 0.838 16 30,750 410 308 564 18 1 1/8 0.963 16 43,667 655 491 901 20 1 1/8 0.963 20 38,333 575 431 791 24 1 1/4 1.088 20 48,900 815 611 1,121

26 A 1 1/4 1.088 24 39,000 650 488 894 28 A 1 1/4 1.088 28 38,100 635 476 873 30 A 1 1/4 1.088 28 42,600 710 533 976 32 A 1 1/2 1.338 28 48,500 970 728 1,334 34 A 1 1/2 1.338 32 47,250 945 709 1,299 36 A 1 1/2 1.338 32 52,500 1,050 788 1,444 38 A 1 1/2 1.338 32 58,500 1,170 878 1,609 40 A 1 1/2 1.338 36 57,500 1,150 863 1,581 42 A 1 1/2 1.338 36 63,000 1,260 945 1,733 44 A 1 1/2 1.338 40 62,250 1,245 934 1,712 46 A 1 1/2 1.338 40 65,500 1,310 983 1,801 48 A 1 1/2 1.338 44 64,500 1,290 968 1,774

For a Description of A, see Section 2.2 Note: See section 2.5 for lubricant and torque requirements. Clean and dry torque numbers assume non-coated bolts. *Use the lessor of the table and the manufacturers value with Insulating Gaskets and Washers





Nominal Pipe Size

(in.)

Nominal Bolt

Diameter (in.)

Root Diameter

(in.)


Target Bolt Load

(lb)


K=0.16


Cadmium Lub. K=0.12


0.5 1/2 0.400 4 4,500 30 23 41 0.75 5/8 0.507 4 6,000 50 38 69

1 5/8 0.507 4 7,800 65 49 89 1.25 5/8 0.507 4 9,600 80 60 110 1.5 3/4 0.620 4 12,000 120 90 165 2 5/8 0.507 8 7,560 63 47 87

2.5 3/4 0.620 8 9,000 90 68 124 3 3/4 0.620 8 12,500 125 94 172 4 3/4 0.620 8 18,000 180 135 248 5 3/4 0.620 8 18,000 180 135 248 6 3/4 0.620 12 17,000 170 128 234 8 7/8 0.731 12 24,857 290 218 399 10 1 0.838 16 26,250 350 263 481 12 1 1/8 0.963 16 35,000 525 394 722 14 1 1/8 0.963 20 32,333 485 364 667 16 1 1/4 1.088 20 42,000 700 525 963 18 1 1/4 1.088 24 46,500 775 581 1,066 20 1 1/4 1.088 24 51,600 860 645 1,183 24 1 1/2 1.338 24 67,500 1,350 1013 1,856

26 A 1 5/8 1.463 28 64,615 1,400 1050 1,925 28 A 1 5/8 1.463 28 72,710 1,575 1182 2,166 30 A 1 3/4 1.588 28 83,571 1,950 1463 2,681 32 A 1 7/8 1.713 28 92,000 2,300 1725 3,163 34 A 1 7/8 1.713 32 87,000 2,175 1631 2,991 36 A 2 1.838 32 91,875 2,450 1838 3,369 38 A 1 1/2 1.338 32 75,000 1,500 1125 2,063 40 A 1 5/8 1.463 32 83,077 1,800 1350 2,475 42 A 1 5/8 1.463 32 90,923 1,970 1478 2,709 44 A 1 3/4 1.588 32 100,286 2,340 1755 3,218 46 A 1 7/8 1.713 28 123,200 3,080 2310 4,235 48 A 1 7/8 1.713 32 118,000 2,950 2213 4,056






Nominal Pipe Size

(in.)

Nominal Bolt

Diameter (in.)

Root Diameter

(in.)


Target Bolt Load

(lb)


K=0.16


Cadmium Lub. K=0.12


0.5 1/2 0.400 4 4,500 30 23 41 0.75 5/8 0.507 4 6,600 55 41 76

1 5/8 0.507 4 7,800 65 49 89 1.25 5/8 0.507 4 11,400 95 71 131 1.5 3/4 0.620 4 12,500 125 94 172 2 5/8 0.507 8 8,400 70 53 96

2.5 3/4 0.620 8 10,500 105 79 144 3 3/4 0.620 8 15,000 150 113 206 4 7/8 0.731 8 21,429 250 188 344 5 1 0.838 8 28,875 385 289 529 6 1 0.838 12 26,250 350 263 481 8 1 1/8 0.963 12 38,667 580 435 798 10 1 1/4 1.088 16 39,600 660 495 908 12 1 1/4 1.088 20 43,500 725 544 997 14 1 3/8 1.213 20 48,545 890 668 1,224 16 1 1/2 1.338 20 58,750 1,175 881 1,616 18 1 5/8 1.463 20 73,846 1,600 1,200 2,200 20 1 5/8 1.463 24 72,462 1,570 1,178 2,159 24 1 7/8 1.713 24 98,400 2,460 1,845 3,383

26 A 1 7/8 1.713 28 95,600 2,390 1,793 3,286 28 A 2 1.838 28 108,000 2,880 2,160 3,960 30 A 2 1.838 28 122,250 3,260 2,445 4,483 32 A 2 1/4 2.088 28 138,500 4,155 3,116 5,713 34 A 2 1/4 2.088 28 148,333 4,450 3,338 6,119 36 A 2 1/2 2.338 28 155,250 5,175 3,881 7,116 38 A 2 1/4 2.088 28 151,667 4,550 3,413 6,256 40 A 2 1/4 2.088 32 146,667 4,400 3,300 6,050 42 A 2 1/2 2.338 28 184,500 6,150 4,613 8,456 44 A 2 1/2 2.338 32 171,000 5,700 4,275 7,838 46 A 2 1/2 2.338 32 180,000 6,000 4,500 8,250 48 A 2 3/4 2.588 32 190,909 7,000 5,250 9,625






Nominal Pipe Size

(in.)

Nominal Bolt

Diameter (in.)

Root Diameter

(in.)


Target Bolt Load

(lb)


K=0.16


Cadmium Lub. K=0.12


0.5 3/4 0.620 4 6,500 65 49 89 0.75 3/4 0.620 4 8,700 87 65 120

1 7/8 0.731 4 11,571 135 101 186 1.25 7/8 0.731 4 15,000 175 131 241 1.5 1 0.838 4 19,125 255 191 351 2 7/8 0.731 8 12,857 150 113 206

2.5 1 0.838 8 16,154 215 162 296 3 7/8 0.731 8 21,000 245 184 337 4 1 1/8 0.963 8 30,000 450 338 619 5 1 1/4 1.088 8 39,600 660 495 908 6 1 1/8 0.963 12 35,000 525 394 722 8 1 3/8 1.213 12 46,364 850 638 1,169 10 1 3/8 1.213 16 46,364 850 638 1,169 12 1 3/8 1.213 20 47,727 875 656 1,203 14 1 1/2 1.338 20 54,500 1,090 818 1,499 16 1 5/8 1.463 20 69,231 1,500 1,125 2,063 18 1 7/8 1.713 20 88,000 2,200 1,650 3,025 20 2 1.838 20 103,688 2,765 2,074 3,802 24 2 1/2 2.338 20 142,500 4,750 3,563 6,531

26 A 2 3/4 2.588 20 160,227 5,875 4,406 8,078 28 A 3 2.838 20 180,625 7,225 5,419 9,934 30 A 3 2.838 20 206,250 8,250 6,188 11,344 32 A 3 1/4 3.088 20 233,077 10,100 7,575 13,888 34 A 3 1/2 3.338 20 258,214 12,050 9,038 16,569 36 A 3 1/2 3.338 20 287,473 13,415 10,062 18,446 38 A 3 1/2 3.338 20 329,670 15,385 11,538 21,154 40 A 3 1/2 3.338 24 305,893 14,275 10,706 19,628 42 A 3 1/2 3.338 24 329,670 15,385 11,538 21,154






Nominal Pipe Size

(in.)

Nominal Bolt

Diameter (in.)

Root Diameter

(in.)


Target Bolt Load

(lb)


K=0.16


Cadmium Lub. K=0.12


0.5 3/4 0.620 4 7,500 75 56 103 0.75 3/4 0.620 4 10,000 100 75 138

1 7/8 0.731 4 13,286 155 116 213

1.5 1 0.838 4 24,000 320 240 440 2 7/8 0.731 8 15,824 185 138 254

2.5 1 0.838 8 18,750 250 188 344 3 1 1/8 0.963 8 26,667 400 300 550 4 1 1/4 1.088 8 39,000 650 488 894 5 1 1/2 1.338 8 51,250 1,025 769 1,409 6 1 3/8 1.213 12 46,364 850 638 1,169 8 1 5/8 1.463 12 66,923 1,450 1,088 1,994 10 1 7/8 1.713 12 82,000 2,050 1,538 2,819 12 2 1.838 12 110,625 2,950 2,213 4,056 14 2 1/4 2.088 16 95,000 2,850 2,138 3,919 16 2 1/2 2.338 16 121,500 4,050 3,038 5,569 18 2 3/4 2.588 16 155,455 5,700 4,275 7,838 20 3 2.838 16 182,500 7,300 5,475 10,038 24 3 1/2 3.338 16 250,714 11,700 8,775 16,088




Figure 1 - Bolt Torque Sequence



3 Threaded joints

3.1 Usage

• Threaded connections shall not be used below grade.

• NPT connections should not be used in sizes over 2 – inches with the exception of atmospheric tank applications or other low pressure applications with engineering approval.

• Connections can be assembled and disassembled with very few tools.

• Connections can be made quickly and easily; components can be reused.

• Electrical isolation possible with the use of insulating unions.

• Unions (or other means) required to allow for the removal of components.

3.2 Thread Types

3.2.1 NPT

• Requires the use of a sealant; either teflon tape or pipe sealant compound.

• Taper of male fitting causes interference fit with female fitting.

• Seal is obtained from sealant in conjunction with the interference fit obtained by tightening the connection.

3.2.2 ACME

• Square shoulder of thread is the most efficient thread design. Less force is required to overcome the friction at the thread interaction which allows a larger clamping force.

• Used on closures and ‘hammer’ type fittings.

• Seal is obtained with the use of an o-ring or machined surfaces.

4 Compression Joints

4.1 Usage

Relies on the sealing member to be deformed, through compression. Sealing member is squeezed against tube/pipe and nut body/coupler sleeve.

4.2 Sealant is not used with this joint type.

4.3 Fitting Types

4.3.1 Pipe Couplers

• Compression is obtained through the use of bolts

• Insulating couplers are available, however they easily short out, thus are not recommended

• Reference Design and Construction Standard ‘Anchorage of Coupled Pipelines’ for information on couplings, harness assemblies, and installation practices.

4.3.2 Tubing Valves and Tubing Fittings

• Compression is obtained through the tightening of the fittings nut



• Insulating fittings are available for electrical isolation

• Used for instrumentation installation

• Sizes used are typically smaller than 3/4 - inch

• Reference Material Specification MS-TUB

5 Zap-Lok®

The Zap-Lok® joint is a mechanical interference connection that works on the basis of pre-forming a “pin” and “bell” end on standard line pipe. These ends are then mated in the field to form a metal-to-metal seal face. An epoxy, known as Zapoxy, is applied to lubricate the joint during the pressing process.

Figure 2 - Zap-Lok® Joint

5.1 Usage

Zap-Lok® joints can be used as a substitution for welding in gathering pipelines, sizes 2-inch to 12-inch. Joining pipe using the Zap-Lok presses can be much faster than conventional pipe welding and does not require x-ray or field joint coating, saving both time and money in the correct circumstances. Consideration should be given to terrain, pipeline length, and flow conditions, both current and future when determining whether to use Zap-Lok® joining.

Zap-Lok® is not suitable for fabrications.

Pigging of the pipeline should be accomplished in the same direction as normal recommended pipeline flow as shown in Figure 3. Whether the pipeline flow is proposed to be unidirectional, or bidirectional, should be considered when determining when to install Zap-Lok® pipe.



Figure 3 – Flow Direction when pigging Zap-Lok® pipelines.

5.2 Pipe Selection and Preparation

Currently pipe sizes for Zap-Lok® are limited to pipe sizes 2-inch – 12-inch. Design standards concerning wall thickness, pipe grade, etc. apply to Zap-Lok® as they would conventional methods with the limitations discussed below.

Minimum wall thicknesses are not limited by any aspect of the Zap-Lok® method. Pipelines joined by the Zap-Lok® process can, in reality, be thinner than pipelines joined by most other methods because there is no heat affected zone. However, minimum thicknesses specified in design codes, standards and regulations still apply.

Maximum thicknesses are limited by the capacity of the presses used for expanding the bell. Table 11 shows the maximum allowable wall thicknesses for pipe of various diameters, grade X-60 or less.

When more than one wall thickness pipe is used, Zap-Lok® can still be used provided the thicker pipe is the belled end. If not possible, a weld must be used to connect the two pieces of pipe.

No specific limits apply to the maximum strength of the pipe, but use of steels with a SMYS higher than X-60 is not common. A specific inquiry to Zap-Lok® is required for grades higher than X-60. Wall thickness limitations may be further reduced to prevent damage to the pipe mandrels.

Zap-Lok® pipe shall be specified to be coated with Zap-Wrap coating. Zap-Wrap is a special ARO developed by Zap-Lok® to eliminate any damage on the FBE coating caused by pipe clamps on the joining machines.



Figure 4 - Zap-Lok® Pipe Showing Zap-Wrap Coating

TABLE 11 – Pipe Selection and Preparation Specifications

Pipe OD - Nominal

Maximum Wall

Thickness @ X-60 or

Less Depth

Insertion

Pin End Cut Back

Only

End of Pipe to Zap-Wrap*

Zap-Wrap Minimum Length**

2" 0.218" 3-3/4" 3” 8" 12" 2-1/2" 0.276" 5-7/8" 5-1/4” 8" 12"

3" 0.300" 5-7/8" 5-1/4” 8" 16" 4" 0.337" 5-7/8" 5-1/4” 8" 16" 6" 0.432" 9-1/2" 8-3/4” 16" 16" 8" 0.500" 10-1/2" 9-3/4” 16" 16" 10" 0.594" 11-1/2" 10-3/4” 16" 16" 12" 0.562" 13" 12-1/4” 16" 16"

* Bell End can be coated to end of pipe in addition to Zap-Wrap minimum length ** Measurement excludes Belled Area and Pin End cut back

5.2.1 Manufacturing

Pipe is ordered by Procurement with belling and pinning per Zap-Lok® specifications. Options exist for Zap-Lok to perform this operation on-site at the coating mill, but only for very large quantities.

If faulty welds or pipe material cause the pipe to split during belling, this is usually very rapid and very noticeable. The split ends should be cut off at least 24 inches from the end, and belling repeated. If the pipe splits again that pipe should be rejected.

Nearly all pipe-splitting occurs during end preparation. A magnetic particle inspection may detect the very small percentage of splits that are visually unnoticed and may be provided upon request. Pipe splitting during joining is extremely rare. UT inspection should be requested with every purchase order.



5.3 Zapoxy Mixing & Application

For normal applications Zapoxy Grade 135 will be used. Zapoxy should be mixed via Zap-Lok® Epoxy Mixer.

5.3.1 Cold Weather Application

The type and specification of the pipe and joint do not change with temperature. However, consideration must be given to the joining process in cold weather (<60⁰ F).

5.4 Insertion

Zap-Lok® trained and certified operators are the only people who should operate the press.

5.5 Hydrotesting

• Pipeline shall be tested per EQT Midstream Design and Construction Manual Standard ‘Strength Testing of Pipeline Facilities’ with the following exceptions:

• 12 hours shall be given between the time the last connection is made and conducting the hydrotest

• Pipeline shall not be tested at a pressure greater than 90% SMYS

5.6 Hot Bends

• Pre-fabricated hot bends, elbows and tees shall be installed by welding.

5.7 Cold Bends

• Any cold bends to be performed in the field shall be done prior to Zap-Lok® connection.

• When performing a cold bend in the field, no bending can occur within 6.5 feet of the pipe ends.

• The press can negotiate a bend of 10⁰ short radius, or 30⁰ over the full length of pipe. Any more than this will require moving the press around the bend.

5.8 Bores and Drills

Bores and drills shall be completed using traditional methods with welded pipe. Zap-Lok® shall not be used. Bores and drills require pipe to be in place in the ground before they are tied in with the rest of the pipeline. Zap-Lok® joining equipment cannot easily be used in bell holes; therefore a weld is required at these locations. Although it has been proven to work in these applications, eliminating the use of Zap-Lok® in the pullback section also eliminates the limitations on pullback force required per joint design.



Version Control

Field Name Field Contents

Author: Brian Tucker

Comments: Developed By: Pro-Tech Solutions, Inc. Spring, Texas Phone: (281)-320-2398

Checked By: Sheila Miller

Department: Design Engineering

Editor: Doug Mace

Owner: Ted Charletta

Keywords: Joint, Selection, Design, flange, thread, threaded, flanged, insulation, bolt, coupled, gasket, weld, welded, insulating, Zap-Lok®

Status: Approved

Section: 03.05

Revision Record

Revision Number

Description of Revision Reviewer Initials

Owner Initials Approval Date

Original Issue BMT DRD 10/1/09

1. Updated section 1.2.2 BMT DRD 9/7/10

2.

Section 4.5 - Revised torque values to include lubrication and material specifications. Added Dimensions directly into Standard. Provided information on allowing the use of Torque Tool systems.

JSW DRD 12/11/12

3. Section 5 Added Zap-Lok® joint method JSW DRD 10/15/13



4.

Revised Torque values in Tables 5, 6 and 7 to include feedback from Flexitallic – Spiral Wound gasket manufacturer. Revised Torque Tables to use pipe size rather than bolt diameter. Added information related to 30. 36 and 42-inch pipe. Added information related to ANSI 900 and 1500 Flanges

JSW RC 9/12/14

5. Updated torque tables and language DKM TAC 12/9/16

Administrator Notes:

Joint Selection and Design RFP - Pipeline Construction... · 5.5 Hydrotesting ... natural gas...

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