ISSI Annual Report 2010/2011 Business Year 16€¦ · Hubble Space Telescope Collection). Imprint...

Annual Report2010____2011

Cover Page

Puzzle composed of six images (from the upper leftto the lower right):

1. The northern latitudes of Saturn. The true colorview was taken by the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini space-craft (NASA, JPL, Space Science Institute).

2. All-sky image obtained by ESA’s Integral gamma-ray observatory superposed with an Earth image byESA/EUMETSAT’s Meteosat satellite (ESA/IKI IntegralTeam).

3. Light and Shadow in the Carina Nebula (NASA,the Hubble Heritage Team).

4. Detail View of an Ultraviolet Light Source in anOld Galaxy (Hubble Space Telescope, NASA).

5. The SOHO spacecraft captured the arcing orbit ofa sungrazing comet as it approached the Sun (January 3, 2010) and evaporated (SOHO/NASA/ESA).

6. Detail View: First ESA Faint Object Camera ScienceImages The Radio Galaxy PKS 0521-36 (NASA Hubble Space Telescope Collection).

Imprint

Publisher International Space Science InstituteHallerstrasse 6CH-3012 BernSwitzerlandTel.: +41 31 631 48 96Fax.: +41 31 631 48 97E-mail: [email protected]: www.issibern.ch

EditorsAndrea Fischer and Rudolf von Steiger

Concept/LayoutAndrea Fischer

Cover DesignAndrea Fischer

Printed byLänggass Druck AGLänggassstr. 653000 Bern 9Switzerland

Table of Contents

The International Space Science Institute (ISSI) is an Institute of Advanced Studies where scientistsfrom all over the world meet in a multi- and interdisciplinary setting to reach out for new scientifichorizons. The main function is to contribute to the achievement of a deeper understanding of the results from different space missions, ground based observations and laboratory experiments, andadding value of those results through multidisciplinary research. The program of ISSI covers a widespread spectrum of disciplines from the physics of the solar system and planetary sciences to astrophysics and cosmology, and from Earth sciences to astrobiology.

4 From the Chairman of the Board of Trustees

5 From the Directors

7 About the International Space Science Institute

8 The Board of Trustees

9 The Science Committee

10 The ISSI Staff

11 Facilities

12 Financial Overview

13 The Association Pro ISSI

14 Scientific Activities: The 16th Year

15 Forum

16 Workshops

20 Forthcoming Workshops and Forum

22 International Teams

33 International Teams approved in 2011

34 Visiting Scientists

36 Events and ISSI in the media at a glance

38 Staff Activities

42 Staff Publications

44 Visitor Publications

51 Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI)

54 ISSI Scientific Reports Series (SR)

55 Pro ISSI SPATIUM Series

56 ISSI Publications published in the 16th Business Year

ISSI Annual Report 2010 | 2011

From the Chairman of the Board of Trustees

The Board of Trustees of the International Space Science Institute Foundation consists of two kinds of members:Delegated members and elected members. A number of organizations, authorities and societies are entitledby the Deed to delegate a member of the Board. There are no rules as to the age or term of office of these delegates. Besides them, the Board co-opts five members by election from among the worldwide communityof space scientists. These elected members can serve two consecutive terms of three years.

This year has seen an unusual rejuvenation. Of the thirteen members, no less than five have left the Board bythe end of the business year. These are Claude Nicollier, Klaus Pretzl, Johannes Ortner, David Southwood andHanspeter Schneiter.

In the name of the whole ISSI community I would like to thank all these gentlemen for their dedication andloyalty to the International Space Science Institute. The latter three have served on the Board since the very beginning in 1995, Hanspeter Schneiter as the founding Chairman until 2008. Thank you all for your service!

Replacing the five retirees we have six new members! How can that be? In the spring meeting of 2011 theBoard decided to invite NASA to nominate a delegate like they had in the first years of ISSI. NASA compliedand nominated Lennard A. Fisk, who had been an elected Board member. So, we had to fill an additional vacancy.

The new members are:Daniel Fürst, nominated by the Founder as successor to Hanspeter SchneiterAlvaro Giménez, nominated by ESA as successor to David SouthwoodRosine Lallement, elected by the BoardAndré Maeder, elected by the BoardNicolas Thomas, new President and ex officio delegate of the Pro ISSI AssociationSergio Volonté, elected by the Board.

I welcome these new members and wish them many exciting hours of lively exchange on the mission of ISSI.Thank you for your willingness to serve!

The coming year will be crucial. A new proposal for the financing for the next four years has to be submittedto the Swiss Government. Considering the volatile financial situation of all public entities in Europe and beyond,the Board has decided to review the basics of its strategy. They will meet in an extraordinary strategic two-daysession in September of this year. The scope of this session is wide open. Whatever strategy will come out asa result of that meeting it will have to be robust enough to make it through possibly stormy times and to realizeopportunities that may arise. You will read more here next year.

For the Board of Trustees

Simon Aegerter

Wollerau, August 24, 2011

4/5From the Directors

As mentioned last year in the previous issue of the annual report, a great deal of effort was dedicated in thecourse of this 16th year in reflecting on the future evolution of the Institute. While the role and aims of the Institute remain unchanged, unless the ISSI Board decides otherwise, the environment in which the Instituteserves the space sciences community is evolving.

After 16 years, the success of ISSI can be measured through an increasing set of activities and the full use ofall the various tools that ISSI offers, as well as through the number of visitors and the impact factor of theSpace Sciences Series of ISSI. The ISSI volumes are highly cited and perceived as useful references to the statusof a particular field: in 2010, papers from all existing SSSI volumes were cited a total of 1823 times, with individual volumes collecting between a few and 188 citations. The two-year impact factor of Space ScienceReviews (from which the ISSI volumes are reprinted) has developed very satisfactorily: 4.59 for 2009 and 4.43for 2010. It should be noted that after 15 years of uninterrupted service and in the spirit of a very fruitfulcooperation, our contractual agreement with ESA Publication Division, whereby ESA played the role of Editorfor the ISSI Report Series mostly used to publish the outcome of the ISSI Working Groups, came to a stop. Negotiations with Springer, the Editor of the Space Sciences Series of ISSI, were concluded positively ensuringa proper continuation of that service and allowing commercializing the distribution of these books worldwide.All efforts are undertaken to avoid an interruption of the service through that transition.

Some 771 scientists participated in ISSI in the course of last year of which 352 were there for the first time andamong which were 95 young scientists offering a good evidence of the success of the Young Scientist programof ISSI. The response to the call for International Teams reached a new record with 73 proposals received ofwhich 23 were approved by the Science Committee at its June meeting. Four ISSI Workshops were organizedthis year and detailed descriptions of each one are given in the body of the report. Noteworthy is the balancebetween topics as one Workshop is the first of the series of three recommended by the Superconveners incharge of following the conclusions of the ISSI Forum on the «Future of Magnetospheric Research» held inMarch 2009, another one concerns Earth sciences and one was organized in the framework of Europlanet.

Noteworthy in a context of changes in the structures and organizations of our supporting administrations isthe excellent atmosphere and spirit of cooperation ISSI enjoys, in particular with the Swiss Government as illustrated with the remarkable discussions held with the Secretary of State Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, with theSwiss Space Office and with ESA at the highest level. Our international partners are also re-enforcing their roleand involvement as illustrated by the important nomination by the NASA Administrator of a NASA represen-tative in the ISSI Board, by the financial contribution of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the ISSI budgetand last but not least by the large delegation of Chinese scientists in the ISSI Forum on the “Future Out-of-Ecliptic and In Situ Observations of the Sun” held last year where they presented their ambitious Solar Polar Orbiting Radio Telescope concept that was the rationale for organizing the Forum.

These facts offer a good illustration of the regularly growing success of the ISSI concept established 16 yearsago which was to provide a new and original tool helping the space sciences community to fully exploit theoutcome of the set of results obtained with the satellites launched by the main spacefaring nations of theworld. This success must be analyzed in a context of capped budgets and resources rendered even more severeas a consequence of the depreciation of the Euro (the currency in which the ESA Space and Earth sciences contributions are paid to ISSI) with respect to the Swiss Franc (the currency mostly used to pay ISSI expenditures).In that context, as mentioned in last year’s report, ISSI started an in depth reflection on its future strategy in


From the Directors

view also of presenting in 2012 its multi-annual budget request to the Swiss Space Office and to ESA.The ISSI Directorate has critically assessed its role so as to find out if an optimum size of ISSI operations can bedetermined, assuming as a limit that the ISSI facilities and resources would not increase. The Science Committeehas been involved in that reflection and provided useful inputs to the exercise. Key elements of the ISSI assetsand policy were stressed. Whatever change might be introduced in the Institute, scientific excellence shouldnever be compromised. The “small is beautiful” concept which characterizes ISSI is undoubtedly appreciatedas one of the elements of its success and should also be preserved through future orientations. The YoungScientists program is equally a very strong asset, which ISSI should not sacrifice. That being fixed, ISSI shouldnot fall into stagnation for its program and in the usage of its tools whose present set is considered as veryuseful. Finding the compromise between these two limits offers a challenge to ISSI that the Directorate is keento seize.

The strategic questions thus raised have now been deferred to the ISSI Board, which will reflect and later decidewhat measures to take to re-enforce the role and importance of the Institute in serving the scientific community.For its part, the Science Committee will assess how to make more efficient use of the present assets, whilebroadening the scope of the scientific topics on top of the existing fields presently covered in ISSI’s activities,be it in Space or in Earth sciences.

As to what concerns that last topic, the negotiations with ESA on its continuation in the ISSI program have ledto a prolongation of the present contract for the next three years. That would secure temporarily the future ofsuch a crucial activity to which the ESA tools have proven to be particularly well adapted, and whose nature isat the crossroads of pure science, of applications and of politics.

This year has been marked by the departure from the Institute of André Balogh at the end of October 2010.The Board has elected Len Culhane from MSSL as his successor. This year was also the last for two of our PostDocs, Angelo Pio Rossi and Silvia Perri. We would like to express to all of them our utmost appreciation for thework they have done and for their contribution to ISSI’s activities whose quality and level they have raisedthanks to their dedication, enthusiasm, professionalism and high team spirit. Last but not least, Pia Zachariashas been recruited as a new Post Doctoral scientist in the field of Solar Physics as of May 1st 2011 for twoyears.

Roger-Maurice Bonnet Rudolf von Steiger Lennart Bengtsson Len Culhane

6/7About the International Space Science Institute

The International Space Science Institute (ISSI) is anonprofit organization set up in Bern in 1995 as afoundation under Swiss law with an endowment byContraves Space AG, later renamed Oerlikon SpaceAG and now part of RUAG. Three statutory bodiesgovern ISSI: the Board of Trustees, the Directorate,and the Science Committee. A fourth importantbody, the Association Pro ISSI, promotes the idea ofISSI, especially within Switzerland.

The European Space Agency (ESA), the Swiss Confederation, and the Swiss National ScienceFoundation (SNF) provide the financial resources forISSI’s operation. The University of Bern contributesthrough a grant to a Director and in-kind facilities.Since 2010 the Russian Academy of Sciences is sup-porting ISSI with an annual financial contribution.Details can be found on page 12. ISSI received tax-exempt status from the Canton of Bern in May1995.

ISSI’s Board of Trustees oversees the work accom-plished at the Institute, exerts financial control, andappoints the Directors and members of the ScienceCommittee. It consists of representatives of theFounder, and of the funding Institutions. Further-more the Board of Trustees may nominate up to fivepersonalities representing the national and inter-national science community, space industry andspace politics for terms of three years. The Board ofTrustees is presided over by Simon Aegerter.

The Science Committee, chaired by Johan Bleeker,is made up of internationally known scientists activein the fields covered by ISSI. The Science Committeeadvises and supports the Directorate in the establish-ment of the scientific agenda providing a properequilibrium among the activities and reviews andgrades the Team proposals in response to the annualCall. Science Committee members serve a three yearterm (with a possible extension of one year).

The Directorate is in charge of the scientific, ope-rational, and administrative management of the Institute. It interacts with the Funding Agencies, theSwiss authorities, the Board of Trustees, the ScienceCommittee and the Association Pro ISSI. The Direc-torate consists of Roger-Maurice Bonnet (ExecutiveDirector), Rudolf von Steiger (University of Bern),Lennart Bengtsson (MPI for Meteorology, Germany)and Len Culhane (University College London, UK).

The Association Pro ISSI, founded in spring 1994,counts about 130 members. Pro ISSI promotes theidea of ISSI by organizing public lectures, where internationally known scientists introduce their results. Summaries of these talks are published abouttwice a year in the journal SPATIUM. Member benefits include invitation to lectures and a free subscription to SPATIUM. The Board of the Associa-tion Pro ISSI is presided over by Nicolas Thomas.


The Board of Trustees

front row from left to right:Daniel Fürst, RUAG, Zurich, SwitzerlandVice Chairman: Hans Balsiger, University of Bern, SwitzerlandNicolas Thomas, President of the Pro ISSI Association, Bern, SwitzerlandDavid Southwood, ESA, Paris, Franceback row from left to right:Lennard A. Fisk, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USASergio Volonté, Hyon-Mons, BelgiumChairman: Simon Aegerter, the Cogito Foundation, Wollerau, SwitzerlandRosine Lallement, Service d’Aéronomie CNRS, Verrières-le-Buisson, FranceWilly Benz, University of Bern, SwitzerlandDaniel Neuenschwander, Swiss Space Office, Bern, SwitzerlandAndré Maeder, Observatoire de Genève Sauverny, SwitzerlandSecretary of the Board: Kathrin Altwegg, University of Bern, Switzerland

missing on the picture:Risto Pellinen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandLev M. Zelenyi, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

8/9The Science Committee

front row from left to right:Robert Kandel, Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, France*Véronique Dehant, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, BelgiumChairman: Johan Bleeker, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, the NetherlandsMonica Tosi, INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Italymiddle row from left to right:Valery L. Shematovich, Institute of Astronomy, RAS, Moscow, RussiaDuccio Macchetto, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA*Claus Fröhlich, PMD Davos, SwitzerlandGötz Paschmann, MPI Garching, GermanyRichard Marsden, ESTEC ESA, Noordwijk, the Netherlands (ex officio ESA)back row from left to right:Michael Rast, ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy (ex officio ESA)Michael Thompson, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, USAMasahiro Hoshino, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, JapanNiklaus Kämpfer, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, SwitzerlandThierry Dudok de Wit, LPCE, CNRS, Orléans, France

missing on the picture:Dmitri Titov, MPI Lindau Katlenburg, Germany

* Membership ended on 30 June 2011


The ISSI Staff

front row from left to the right:Len Culhane, DirectorRudolf von Steiger, DirectorJohannes Geiss, Honorary DirectorRoger-Maurice Bonnet, Executive Directorback row from left to the right:Katja Schüpbach, SecretaryAndrea Fischer, Editorial AssistantMaurizio Falanga, Science Program ManagerJennifer Zaugg, SecretaryPia Zacharias, Post Doctoral ScientistSilvia Wenger, Assistant to the Executive DirectorSaliba F. Saliba, Computer Engineer and System AdministratorIrmela Schweizer, LibrarianSymeon Koumoutsaris, Post Doctoral Scientist

All lists show the status at the end of the sixteenth business year on 30 June 2011.

Lennart BengtssonDirector Earth Science

Michel BlancDiscipline ScientistEuroPlaNet

Hermann OpgenoorthDiscipline Scientist

Facilities

The ISSI facilities offer an area of 700 m2 on twofloors, consisting of office space for staff members,a conference room, two seminar rooms (up to 40participants each), two smaller rooms for the visitingteams (one room for up to 14 and the other roomfor up to 10 participants), and two offices for visitingscientists. All rooms are equipped with high speednetwork connections (partly wireless), some of themhave printers and projectors for large screen pre-sentation. There is also a big coffee and reading areaas a favorite meeting point for the visitors.

In the course of the sixteenth business year ISSIbought a new color photocopy machine (Ricoh Afi-cio MP C2800). The new photocopier also acts asthe main color printer for the staff. The old Phasercolor printer has been retired due to a technical defect.

ISSI’s workgroup domain network is a part of theUniversity’s local area network, so that its resources(e.g., Linux cluster server, grid server, license serverand special peripherals) are available as well. Withthe locally installed computer peripherals, the Institute’s staff and guest scientists are able to per-form most computing tasks and access the Internet.

The network consists of the following:- Three servers – Mac, Linux and Windows 2003- Seven Windows workstations five of which runWindows 7

- Eight Mac workstations running Mac OS Lion- Ten laptops (three Windows and seven Macs)- Six printers, three of which in color- Five projectors- Two wireless access points- One digital video camera, one still camera, twoscanners

ISSI’s software packages are regularly updated.These software packages provide access to the largescientific packages (such as IDL, Matlab, Grapher,Arc-View GIS, ISIS, and Maple) either locally or byconnecting to the University’s license server. This pro-vides a heterogeneous workstation environment inthe Institute.

Please feel free to visit our up to date websitewww.issibern.ch for more information.

10/11


A panorama picture of ISSI’s meeting point.

Financial Overview

The 16th financial year of ISSI ended with a deficit of 32’187.59 CHF, less than half the budget, which foresawa deficit in the amount of 80’000 CHF. This deficit is very close to the result of the previous year.On the revenue side we have once again taken a big hit from the decreasing exchange rate of the Euro to theSwiss Franc. Over the last couple of years the main ESA contribution from the Directorate of Science and RoboticExploration has lost more than 20% of its value, substantially more than the annual increase of 2.5% for com-pensation of inflation. All other funding in Euros was affected similarly. It is therefore more than welcome thatthe contribution from the ESA Earth Observation Programme will be significantly increased as of the next fi-nancial year. On the expense side we have been successful in adapting to the situation of the decreasing Euro by severalmeasures: Both the figures for salaries and for investment could be kept significantly under budget by replacingonly one of the two leaving postdocs and by holding back on infrastructure costs. On the other hand the ex-penditures for Workshops, Teams, etc. could be kept under budget by a similar amount. Thus the exchangeloss has been distributed about equally over the entire budget and was not simply absorbed by the more flexiblepart of Workshops and Teams.It is important to note that ISSI also receives indirect contributions that do not appear in the table below. Oneof the directors is employed directly by the University of Bern. Moreover, ISSI benefits from the University ofBern through in-kind contributions such as Internet connectivity, library access, the secretariat of the Board ofTrustees, and support of the Association Pro ISSI.

Operating Revenues in CHF for the 16th Business Year (1.7.2010-30.6.2011)

ESA Science Directorate 1’658’000.00ESA Earth Observation Programme 98’000.00Swiss Confederation 920’000.00EuroPlaNet 67’000.00Russian Academy of Sciences 75’000.00Other income 3 -218’080.65

Operating Expenses in CHF for the 16th Business Year (1.7.2010-30.6.2011)

Salaries and related Costs1 1'245’264.82Fixed Costs 273’043.50Operating Costs 2 243’626.41Investment (depreciated) 2’147.80Workshops, Working Groups, Teams, Visiting Scientists (ISSI funded) 4 868’024.41Result of the Year 32’187.59

Subtotal 2’632’106.94 2’632’106.94

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)

Workshops, Working Groups,Teams, Visiting Scientists (SNF funded) 146’360.80Grant from SNF 5 146’360.80

Total 2’778’467.74 2’778’467.74

Remarks:1 Salaries: It should be noted that the majority of the ISSI staff members (including directors) are scientists activelyconducting research as well as taking care of organizational, editorial, and administrative tasks.2 Operating costs include repair and maintenance, insurance, supplies, administration, and public relations.3 Other income includes extraordinary income, interest income, and exchange gain or loss.4 Workshops, etc. also include the balance from income and expenses of guest apartments.5 SNF: Grant from Swiss National Science Foundation to R. von Steiger and related expenses.

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12/13The Association Pro ISSI

Impressions of the Pro ISSI Activities (from left to right): Arnold Benz, ETH Zurich, speaking about water in the universe.The audience of the Pro ISSI General Assembly. Cover of the SPATIUM No. 26 on “Spaceship Earth” by Roger-MauriceBonnet. Lecturer Peter Wurz (on the left hand side), University of Bern, together with Nicolas Thomas, the new presidentof the Association Pro ISSI.

The Pro ISSI Association was founded in 1994 underSwiss law with the goals to create an InternationalSpace Science Institute in Switzerland and to com-municate the fascinating results of space sciences tothe Swiss public. The first goal was reached in 1995when the International Space Science Institute (ISSI)was created as a Foundation under Swiss Law. ProISSI, whose members are, amongst others, represen-tatives from universities, industry, politics and publicadministration, provides a bridge between ISSI andthe public in Switzerland by organizing public lec-tures and publishing the presentations in issues ofSPATIUM. Typically there are 2-3 SPATIUM issuespublished per year. The Pro ISSI Association, whichconsists presently of 130 members, meets once peryear for a general assembly.

Pro ISSI Activities and the SPATIUM Series

Pro ISSI organized three public lectures in the periodof this report:

The General Assembly was held on 11 November2010 and was followed by a lecture by MaurizioFalanga (from ISSI) entitled “How black are blackholes?”.

On 30 March, 2011, Peter Wurz (University of Bern)provided a lecture entitled ”Die aktuelle Erforschungdes Planeten Merkur“ which illustrated the renewedscientific interest in the planet nearest to the Sun,Mercury. The presentation also emphasized theforthcoming European mission to Mercury, Bepi-

Colombo, and highlighted the local contri-butions to the mission from the University of Bern.

“Wasser im Universum: Neues vom Herschel Welt-raumobservatorium” was the title of the lecturegiven by Arnold Benz from ETH Zurich on 24 May2011. In this fascinating lecture, he discussed the importance of water in the universe and how the Eu-ropean Space Agency’s infrared orbiting telescope,Herschel, has contributed to studies of water andother molecules in our Solar System and beyond.

During the reporting period, two issues of SPATIUMwere published: in July 2010 issue no. 25 “ClimateChange” by Thomas Stocker, University of Bern,based on a lecture for the Pro ISSI Association inMarch 2010 appeared, while in May 2011, issue no.26 appeared on “Spaceship Earth” by Roger-Maurice Bonnet, Executive Director of ISSI, also inthe context of a lecture for the Pro ISSI Association.These reports together with all previous issues ofSPATIUM can be found on Pro ISSI’s homepagewww.issibern.ch/publications/spatium.html.

A new president was elected by the general assem-bly of the Pro ISSI Association on 11 November2010. The new board comprises Nicolas Thomas(President), Frank Rutschmann (Quästor), HansjörgSchlaepfer (SPATIUM editor), Silvia Wenger (Secre-tary). The Pro ISSI members thank past-president,Klaus Pretzl, for his services to the Association.


Scientific Activities: The 16th Year

The Program and the Tools

ISSI’s mode of operation is generally fivefold: multi-and interdisciplinary Workshops, Working Groups,International Teams, Forum, and Visiting Scientists.In the 16th business year a total of 771 internationalscientists participated in the scientific activities ofISSI:

Workshops consist of up to 50 invited scientists exchange their views on a scientific theme, typicallyduring a week's duration. Workshops always lead toa volume of the Space Science Series of ISSI and inparallel as issues of Space Science Reviews or Surveysin Geophysics. In the 16th year four Workshops wereorganized, which summaries can be found on thefollowing pages.

Working Groups have a smaller number of mem-bers and meet repeatedly as necessary to achieve theassigned objective. The results of the WorkingGroups activities are in general published as titles ofISSI Scientific Report Series under the responsibilityof ESA’s Publication Division. In the course of theyear three Working Groups met at ISSI. The aims ofthese Working Groups were already described in the previous Annual Reports.

International Teams consist of about 15 externalscientists, addressing a specific scientific topic in aself-organized fashion. The results of these activitiesare customarily reported in scientific journals. In total61 Team meetings took place in the 16th businessyear. Details can be found on page 22.

A Forum is an informal and free debate consistsamong some 25 high-level participants on questionsof political and scientific nature for about two days.A Forum does not necessarily lead to formal recom-mendations or decisions.

Visiting Scientists spend variable periods of scientific activity at ISSI. 12 individual visitors usedthe ISSI facilities during the year.

The Young Scientists Program is designed to bringPhD students and young post docs in contact withthe community at work. These young scientists areinvited by ISSI to complement the membership ofWorkshops, Working Groups, International Teamsand Forum. 95 young scientists participated in theISSI activities in the course of the 16th year.

How to use ISSI tools

As a general rule participation in ISSI's activities is byinvitation only. The financial support for the invitedscientists covers the local accommodation expensesand a per diem while in Bern.

International Teams: A call for proposals is releasedevery year in January. These proposals are evaluatedby the ISSI Science Committee and approved by theDirectorate.

Workshops, Working Groups, and Forum: There isno annual call. The scientific community may sug-gest at any time Workshops, Working Groups, andForum by submitting an idea on one page maxi-mum. The ISSI Science Committee will evaluatethese suggestions and the ISSI Directorate will takea final decision.

Pie chart showing the ISSI visitors countries of origin. Atotal of 771 scientists worked during the sixteenth ISSIbusiness year, 352 of them were for the first time at ISSI.

14/15Forum

Future Out-of-Ecliptic and In Situ Observations of the Sun

After the ESA-NASA Ulysses mission ended on 30June 2009 at the completion of more than 18 yearsof very successful operations, of which more than 17were spent close to perpendicular to the eclipticplane, one unique observing asset of the Sun and ofthe Heliosphere in 3-D was lost. ISSI has been a keypartner in the exploitation of the mission with threedirectors directly involved either as Principal Investi-gators or in data analysis and interpretations. As newplans and new opportunities are under study in thevarious space agencies of the world, that may ma-terialize in the future and would replace part of thecapabilities of Ulysses, ISSI took the initiative of ded-icating one of its Forum to “Future Out-of-Eclipticand In Situ Observations of the Sun”. For two days,on 30 November and 1st December 2010, 34 scien-tists from the main space fairing nations, includingthe noticeable presence of representatives fromChina, India and Russia, reviewed these future plansin the light of the achievements of the last two verysuccessful decades. Among the most advanced con-cepts are the ESA Solar Orbiter and the NASA Solar

Probe Plus, as well as the SPORT mission initiated bythe Center for Space Science and Applied Researchin China. Solar Probe Plus and Solar Orbiter have al-ready been extensively studied and their prospectiveinstrumentation and objectives are well defined. TheSPORT mission to fly some 73.5° above the ecliptic,would bring a considerable enhancement of their ca-pabilities. These, and possibly others to come later,should provide opportunities for a comprehensivestudy of the Sun and the inner Heliosphere in 3-D.Coordination of these missions through a properlyframed international cooperation approach wouldadd tremendous capabilities and enhance consider-ably the scientific output of the whole set. Refiningthe observing capabilities of such an internationalprogram through reviewing the possible comple-ment of instruments and mission design could bevery effective in optimizing the set of missions. Thesewere the aims of the ISSI Forum. The Forum stressedthe importance of simultaneous out of the eclipticand in-ecliptic observations and that of combiningin situ and remote sensing techniques. Helioseismo-logy, magnetic field, Total Solar Irradiance and solarwind composition measurements should providecrucial data. Follow-on of the Forum is foreseen inthe framework of the International Living with a StarProgram (ILWS), which involves the main space fair-ing nations, and of COSPAR through a special eventco-organized between its Commissions D and E atthe 2012 Scientific Assembly in Mysore. That eventwould offer a visible opportunity to initiate this newinternational program of out-of-ecliptic and in situobservations of the Sun and the Heliosphere in 3-D.


Forums are informal and free debates amongsome twenty-five high-level participants on openquestions of scientific nature or science policymatters. Forums do not necessarily lead to formal recommendations or decisions. They aregenerally held once a year for two days.

Figure showing pro-grammed and plannedmissions for solar and heliospheric physics. Possible launch datesand end of missions areindicated by invertedfilled or empty triangles.

Workshops

Workshops are selected by the Directorate inconsultation with the Science Committee. Proposals or suggestions for Workshops mayoriginate from the external community. The program and speakers are defined by a group ofexperts serving as convenors. The Workshopscan be attended by up to 50 invited scientists.Workshops always lead to a volume of the SpaceSciences Series of ISSI (SSSI) published bySpringer and in parallel as issues of Space Science Reviews or Surveys in Geophysics.

Coupling between the Earth’s Atmosphereand its Plasma Environment

The Workshop was intended to build a bridge be-tween the Earth's Atmospheric and Space Plasmacommunities with the aim of investigating in allbreadth the energetic and momentum couplingprocesses between the Earth's two material environ-ments, its gaseous and its plasma envelopes.

Historically the scientific investigation of the atmos-phere has a long tradition having led to the estab-lishment of a whole body of atmospheric sciences.It is the atmosphere with its different layers which toa large degree enables and determines life on Earth,in particular human life and civilization. It is thusclear that much concern has been devoted to theprocesses in the atmosphere. The plasma environ-ment, on the other hand, has come to be knownonly as a child of the past century. Both environ-ments undergo long term and short term, gradualand violent variations. They seem, however, to benearly independent. The atmosphere consists of neu-tral gases with its dynamics affected by gravity andradiation; the plasma environment is electricallycharged and affected by the near-Earth electromag-netic fields, the geomagnetic field, currents and elec-tric fields. Overlap between both environments isrestricted to the ionosphere where the interactionsare in first approximation assumed to be just colli-sional drags, radiative and collisional ionization andrecombination, and induced currents. At higher alti-tudes the atmosphere disappears and is replaced bythe plasma of the magnetosphere. Because of itshuge mass content the dynamics of the atmospherecontains much more energy than the dynamics of

the plasma. This should lead to transport of mass,momentum, and energy from the atmosphere to theplasma environment. Vice versa, weak mass trans-port, momentum and also energy transport in vari-ous forms is expected to proceed also downwardfrom the plasma in the magnetosphere into the at-mosphere. The Workshop held provided mutual in-formation about the different important processestaking place in both environments which led to anintense discussion of the possible importance of thedynamics of each of the environments for the otherenvironment. Among the topics discussed were theeffects of the various kinds of wave excitations in theatmosphere onto the ionosphere and their continu-ation into the magnetosphere, atmospheric lossesand gains caused by plasma processes and vice versacontributions of the atmosphere to the plasma in themagnetosphere. Among the central points of inter-est, in order to name a few, were the contributionsof energy input into the atmosphere during violentdisturbances of the magnetosphere like storms andaurorae which do affect the chemistry in the upperlayers of the atmosphere which by vertical transportlead to NOx formation and can affect the climate lo-cally or globally. On the other hand, vertical propa-gation of atmospheric waves causing turbulence inthe thermosphere cause mixing and heating andchange the plasma conditions.

The Workshop proceeded in an atmosphere of intense discussion of gravity waves, tidal waves, tur-bulences, atmospheric chemistry, plasma precipita-tion, energy deposition and various kinds of plasmawave propagation, the importance of lightning, andrelated phenomena and the transport of electromag-netic energy in the global electric circuit. Particularemphasis was on equatorial effects where the at-mosphere reaches higher altitudes and mixing be-comes strong. The Workshop was attended by 40participants (including 8 young scientists) from 17countries. Currently an SSSI volume is in preparationwhich will contain 20 reviews written by the partici-pants and edited by the conveners. The Workshopwas convened by (alphabetical order): TilmanBösinger, James LaBelle, Hermann Opgenoorth,Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Kazuo Shiokawa, StanSolomon, and Rudolf A. Treumann.

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Observing and Modeling Earth’s Energy Flow

The energy balance of Earth is exposed to changesdue to external effects such as solar irradiation andto changes in the Earth system caused by volcaniceruptions and anthropogenic changes in atmos-pheric composition. The energy balance is also effected by internal dynamical processes affectingthe cloud distribution and the exchange of heat withthe oceans. Significant uncertainties in a number ofkey energy exchange and feedback processes in theclimate system limit the accuracy in the projectionsof climate change. It is therefore crucial to identifythe most critical of these processes, those that causethe largest uncertainties, and to identify the observational and theoretical studies that will helpto reduce these uncertainties.

Such issues were the main objective of the Work-shop "Observing and Modeling the Earth's EnergyFlows", held from 10 to 14 January 2011. ISSI hadinvited more then 60 leading scientists, covering awide range of disciplines, in order to make a com-prehensive assessment of ongoing research in thearea.

There is a general agreement that clouds in its 3-dimensional distribution are crucial and necessaryconditions for more accurate climate projections. Keycurrent satellite capabilities from instruments in low-Earth orbits provide global almost- simultaneousobservations of radiance at multiple wavelength andscattering angles as well as vertical profiles by lidar.To combine these observations with data from geostationary meteorological satellites will contribute towards providing complete space/timesampling and global coverage of changing cloudproperties, a critical factor in climate studies. Suchstudies will be used to improve models through systematic validation exercises. Another key questionis the need to better understand the large scale, lowfrequency variations in the global climate. As the lowfrequency variations exist in global climate models,this opens up an avenue for research by diagnosingsuch variations in models. Also discussed was the necessity to encourage more in depth diagnosticstudies of the regional energy balance. The largeimprovements of the re-analyses can be a valuabletool for that.

Upper picture showing energy and water balance of thephysical climate system including terrestrial andatmospheric components of the water cycle. Lowerimage: Mapping the gravity field to advance research inEarth-interior processes, oceanography and geodesy.(Image Credit: ESA/AOES Medialab)


The interaction between experts from different scientific fields that do not normally meet, contributed strongly in making the Workshop scientifically very stimulating and informative. Currently a book volume in the Space Sciences Seriesof ISSI is in preparation and will appear in spring2012.

Workshops

Quantifying the Martian Geochemical ReservoirsEUROPLANET Workshop

The objective was to create a diverse interdisciplinaryWorkshop composed of scientists directly involved inspace-based exploration of the Martian surface, me-teoriticists studying samples generally accepted ascoming from Mars (SNC meteorites), and planetaryand/or Earth scientists simulating, numerically or ex-perimentally, the physical and chemical processes oc-curring on or within Mars. The third EuroplanetWorkshop in collaboration with ISSI was held fromthe 11 to 15 April 2011, bringing together a groupof 50 specialists from around the world, predomi-nately Europe and the USA. Thirty-nine talks were given, organized into eightconsecutive sessions. The first four sessions providedan overview of the latest constraints on the compo-sitions and mineralogies of the principal Martiangeochemical reservoirs (session titles: Global Units;The Primary Crust; Solid, Liquid and GaseousVolatiles; Mineralogical Evidence for Volatile-CrustInteractions). The latter four treated dynamic aspectsof the evolution of the internal and surface reservoirsover geological time (session titles: Dynamics of Ac-cretion and Early Differentiation; Rheology, Convec-

tion and Magmatism over Time; Inputs and Outputsof the Volatile Cycle; Constraints on Climates andClimate Change).

These talks covered an extremely wide range of content and involved a multitude of scientific approaches. Highlights included presentation of thespectacular new discoveries made by in-situ and orbital exploration of the Martian surface, consider-ation of accretionary dynamics in the region whereMars formed, quantification of the links betweensurface magmatism and internal convection, exper-imental and thermodynamic constraints on the geochemical cycle of sulfur, and exploration of thelinks between secondary mineralogy and global climate change. Considerable time was dedicated toquestions and discussion throughout the workshopand during this time the participants' diverse fieldsof expertise led to stimulating and thought-provoking exchanges.

These discussions also led to the definition of thestructure for the forthcoming book in the Space Sci-ence Series of ISSI, which will be organized into fivechapters which follow the increasing diversity ofMars' geochemical reservoirs over time (Bulk Mars;Earliest Differentiation; Mantle-Crust Exchange; Dy-namics of the Atmosphere-, Hydrosphere-, andCryosphere System; Volatile-Crust Interactions andSecondary Mineralogies). Each chapter will be com-posed of one or more individual papers, most ofthese being multi-author contributions resultingfrom interactions at the Workshop.

This collection of articles will treat fundamental issues such as the definition of an estimate for thebulk composition of Mars which is consistent withboth geochemical and geophysical constraints, topical issues such as the geochemical cycles ofvolatile elements such as water and sulfur, and in amore general sense, provide a timely perspective oncurrent knowledge and thinking concerning the geo-chemical evolution of Mars, just before arrival of thenext generation rover Mars Science Laboratory inAugust 2012.

The Workshop was convened by Michael Toplis(chair), James Bell, Eric Chassefière, Christophe Sotin,Tilman Spohn, and Michel Blanc.

This false-color panoramic image was taken by NASA'sOpportunity rover in Meridiani Planum, showing thenature of the outcrop rocks in that area. The prominentcircular features are holes created by the rover's rockabrasion tool. The rover's payload subsequently charac-terized the composition and mineralogy of underlyingrocks and superficial alteration rinds, constraining geochemical exchanges, and providing insights into thephysical and chemical conditions prevalent at the time ofalteration. (Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell)

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Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas

The Workshop was held from 16 to 20 May 2011and was attended by 40 invited scientists from Europe, the USA, Russia and Japan, together withfive young scientists. The objective was to carry outa critical assessment of acceleration mechanisms andobservations on a range of scales from suprathermalparticles in the heliosphere to high energy cosmicrays. This involved reviews of acceleration pheno-mena that are the subject of direct observations inspace as well as phenomena that are remotely observed in the sun, as well as, on much largerscales, in a range of astrophysical objects in thegalaxy and beyond. The Workshop gathered spacephysicists and astrophysicists who work on vastly different scales and provided many opportunities forfruitful dialogues comparing and contrasting thephysical processes that operate in the different environments.

A common aspect of particle acceleration every-where is the importance of shock waves that can bestudied in their microscopic scales near the Earth'smagnetosphere but have to be modeled on scales ofthousands of light years based on astronomical ob-servations both from the ground and from space.Very lively debates were held during the Workshopon how shock waves accelerate particles in the dif-ferent environments. The origin of cosmic rays in thegalaxy is a very old problem, but significant progresshas been reported in solving outstanding questionsconcerning the favorite diffusive shock accelerationprocess associated with supernova remnants. At theextreme end of the scale, understanding shockwaves that propagate at relativistic speeds is a verydifficult problem in modeling and simulations.

A particularly striking acceleration process that ispowered by magnetic reconnection is that which operates in the solar atmosphere to generate solarflares: it seems that the efficiency of the accelerationprocess is ~50% or greater, providing a huge chal-lenge to modeling. Yet a similar mechanism oper-ates, at a considerably more modest efficiency, in theEarth's magnetotail. The Workshop also provided awelcome opportunity for discussing just what com-mon, or at least similar physical phenomena linksuch vastly different objects as planetary magnetos-pheres and pulsar magnetospheres.

This Workshop was the first in a projected series ofthree Workshops on cosmic plasmas. The overall ob-jective of bringing together scientists who work onsimilar problems but are separated by the differentastrophysical scales has in fact been met by theWorkshop: plans for the book to be published in theSpace Science Series of ISSI incorporate many con-tributions that will be co-authored by scientists whojoin for the first time to bridge the scales. It is alsohighly satisfactory to note that at least two of theprojected review papers will be led by young scien-tists who participated in the Workshop, providingfurther proof of the success of ISSI's young scientistsprogram.

The Workshop was convened by Andrei Bykov,Robert P. Lin, John C. Raymond, Manfred Scholer,and André Balogh.

A supernova remnant shock wave, born of an explodingstar thousands of years ago. This shock wave, known asNGC 2736, or the Pencil Nebula is part of the huge Velasupernova remnant. Such shock waves generate high energy cosmic rays through a process known as diffusiveshock acceleration – one of the topics covered by theWorkshop on "Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas".(Image Credit: Hubble Space Telescope)


Forthcoming Workshops and Forum

The Earth's Hydrological Cycle

The Workshop is concerned with the Earth's hydro-logical cycle, a key component of the Earth's climate,playing a key role in the distribution of water in allits forms. Water is an essential resource for humankind, and its management affects many keysocietal policy areas such as energy, health, food,and nature conservation. There is abundant evidencefrom observations and climate projections of the vul-nerability of freshwater resources, and the strong ef-fect climate change can have on them, withwide-ranging consequences for humankind andecosystems. Addressing this issue is challenged bygaps in knowledge concerning observations and re-search needs related to climate change and water,and the need to improve understanding and model-ing of climate changes related to the hydrologicalcycle at scales relevant to decision making.The challenge for Earth Observation is to gather in-formation to help understand what happens towater under global change and the impact thischange has on society. The Workshop will addressthis challenge by bringing together world-recognizedexperts on various aspects of the hydrological cycle,including Earth Observation and models and their in-tegration. The Workshop is planned to take placefrom 6 to 10 February 2012.

Interplanetary Dust, Asteroids and TNOsEUROPLANET Workshop

This interdisciplinary Workshop on small bodies inthe solar system will bring planetary scientists to in-vestigate interplanetary dust properties and its his-tory including the zodiacal cloud, experts onasteroids, comets, Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs),and the history and development of the Solar Sys-tem, and scientists working on exoplanets and exo-zodiacal dust. The third Europlanet Workshop will beorganised in the following way: – Characterizing and classifying asteroids: (con-straints from space-based and ground-based obser-vations; constraints from models, constraints fromorbit parameters). The different composition, theirbehavior also in relationship to comets, possible sur-face properties and their history will be central as-pects.– Trans-Neptunian Objects: (constraints from space-

and ground-based observations, orbital parametersand spectroscopic information). Properties of coldsolar system bodies, atmospheres, connection toMajor Belt objects in the light of newest observationswill be the main topic– Relationship between interplanetary dust and smallbodies: How is the dust generated? How does dustaffect the surface composition of asteroids? Inter-stellar dust vs. cometary dust and collision / break-up debris?– Characterization of the spectral properties of inter-planetary dust: What are the absorption spectrumproperties of the interplanetary dust? What is thespatial distribution to be taken into account whenobserving far objects? This is related to the observa-tion of exoplanets and possible effects of exozodia-cal dustIt is foreseen that the Workshop will be held in thefirst quarter of 2012.

Our Solar System is a busy place. Although the majorplanets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, andasteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placementof known inner Solar System objects. The light blue linesindicate the orbits of planets. The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets. The red dotsindicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth. Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points areJupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or justbehind Jupiter. (Image Credit: MPC, CBAT, Harvard CfA,IAU)

20/21

Microphysics of Cosmic Plasmas

The Workshop will address the physical processesthat underlie the observed large-scale properties,structures and dynamics of cosmic plasmas, the mat-ter that fills interplanetary, interstellar and intergalac-tic space, as well as the solar atmosphere and theEarth's magnetosphere. The Workshop will reviewthe status of understanding microscale processes inall astrophysical collisionless plasmas. The formation,properties and role of turbulence will be extensivelyreviewed. Magnetic reconnection, a ubiquitousprocess that unquestionably plays a major role in thedynamics and energetics of plasmas but remains elu-sive experimentally and challenging theoretically willform the subject of several talks at the Workshop.The formation, dynamics and effects of shock wavestravelling in cosmic plasmas will also be extensivelydiscussed. In order to ensure that the Workshopleads to an enlightening review of long-standingquestions, the list of participants will include expertsin astrophysical plasmas on all scales, as well as thoseworking in laboratory plasmas. The Workshop willbe held on 16 to 20 April 2012. This will be the second in a series of three Workshops on cosmicplasmas. The subject of the first Workshop, held on16 to 20 May 2011 was "Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas" and its outcome is reported else-where in this Annual Report. The third, planned forearly in 2013, will have as its subject "Multi-scaleStructure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plas-mas".


Assessing Requirements for a CarbonModel Reference Validation Framework

ISSI will organize a Forum on the requirements for aCarbon Model Reference Validation Framework. TheForum will bring together experts from different dis-ciplines (carbon modeling community, in-situ meas-urement networks operators and remote sensingexperts) to discuss the needs for such a validationframework in order to assess the different uncer-tainty sources and to establish a common frameworkfor uncertainty reporting and analysis. It is believedthat the availability of such a validation reference willsupport model inter-comparison activities accountingfor bottom-up estimates and regional top-down inversions leading to subsequent improvements ofCO2 estimates and models. The Forum will takeplace on 10 and 11 January 2012.

A simulation of turbulent structures in a collisionlessplasma. (Image Credit: With thanks to Steve Schwartz andthe Cross-Scale team)

International Teams

List gives Teams that were active in the 16th businessyear. A rationale is given only for the new selectedteams for the others see the previous Annual Reports.

Teams selected in 2008

From the Sun to the Terrestrial Surface:Understanding the ChainTeam leader: Consuelo Cid, University of Alcala,SpainSession: 1-3 March 2011

Conjugate Response of the Dayside Magnetopause and Dawn/Dusk Flanks UsingCluster-THEMIS Conjunctions and Ground BasedObservationsTeam leader: Malcolm W. Dunlop, Space Sciences Division, SSTD, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKSession: 8-10 March 2011

Coupling of Atmosphere Regions with Near-Earth SpaceTeam leader: Christian Hanuise, LPCE CNRS, FranceSession: 6-10 June 2011

Bridging the Gap Between the Middle andUpper Atmosphere: Coupling Processes Due toWinds and Waves Over an Extended AltitudeRangeTeam leader: Peter Hoffmann, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, GermanySession: 8-12 November 2010

Magnetic Reconnection and Particle Energization: Synergy of In Situ and Remote ObservationsTeam leaders: Yuri Khotyaintsev, IRF, Sweden andStuart Bale, University of California, USASession: 9-13 May 2011

Solar Small-Scale Transient Phenomena andtheir Role in Coronal HeatingTeam leaders: Georgia Tsiropoula, National Observa-tory of Athens, Greece and Maria Madjarska, MaxPlanck Institute for Solar System Research, GermanySession: 14-16 July 2010 (Editorial Meeting)

Decrypting and Modeling the High-EnergyEmission of BlazarsTeam leader: Marc Türler, University of Geneva,SwitzerlandSession: 14-16 December 2010


The Gravity Wave Project Merging Space- andGroundbased Observational Constraints forGravity Wave Parameterizations in ClimateModelsTeam leader: Joan M. Alexander, NWRA, Colorado Research Associates, USASession: 11-15 April 2011

Strong Gravitational Field and Ultra-DenseMatter in Neutron StarsTeam leader: Tomaso Belloni, INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, ItalySession: 28 March - 1 April 2011

Mining and Exploiting the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory Data in EuropeTeam leader: Véronique Delouille, SIDC-Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, BelgiumSession: 30 May - 1 June 2011

Solar Chromospheric FlaresTeam leaders: Lindsay Fletcher, University of Glasgow, UK and Jana Kasparova, Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Czech RepublicSession: 14-18 March 2011

Observations and Theories of SuprathermalTails and Anomalous Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere and HeliosheathTeam leaders: George Gloeckler and Lennard Fisk,University of Michigan, USASession: 24-27 May 2011

International Teams consist of about 4-15 external scientists, addressing a specific scientifictopic in a self-organized fashion, under the responsibility of a Leader in a series of two tothree one-week meetings over a period of 18 to24 months. The results of these activities are customarily reported in scientific journals. The selection of Teams results from an Annual Callfor International Teams issued in January andfrom the subsequent review and prioritizationdone by the Science Committee.

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MOlecules and DUst at LOw metallicity: MODULOTeam leader: Leslie K. Hunt, INAF-Osservatorio diArcetri, Firenze, ItalySessions: 1-3 December 2010 and 5-6 May 2011

Theory and Model for the New Generation ofthe Lunar Laser Ranging DataTeam leader: Sergei Kopeikin, University of Missouri-Columbia, USASession: 15-17 February 2011

Solar Prominence Formation and Equilibrium:New Data, New ModelsTeam leader: Nicolas Labrosse, University of Glasgow, UKSession: 3-5 November 2010

Land Data Assimilation: Making Sense of Hydro-logical Cycle ObservationsTeam leader: William Lahoz, Norwegian Institute forAir Research, NorwaySession: 15-17 February 2011

The Rapid Temporal Evolution of the ObservedMagnetic Field and the Associated Processes inthe Earth’s Liquid Outer CoreTeam leader: Vincent Lesur, GFZ German ResearchCentre for Geosciences, Potsdam, GermanySession: 8-10 September 2010

Nano Dust in the Solar System: Formation,Interactions and DetectionTeam leader: Ingrid Mann, Kobe University, JapanSession: 11-15 October 2010

Auroras of the Outer PlanetsTeam leader: Jonathan Nichols, University of Leicester, UKSession: 23-25 May 2011

Phobos and Deimos – After Mars Express, Before Phobos GruntTeam leader: Jürgen Oberst, German AerospaceCenter, Berlin, GermanySession: 28 March - 1 April 2011

Directional Discontinuities in the InterplanetaryMagnetic FieldTeam leader: Götz Paschmann, Max Planck Institutefor Extraterrestrial Physics, GermanySessions: 1-7 July 2010 and 14-17 June 2011 (Editorial Meeting)

Exploiting the Multi-Wavelength Lensing SurveyTeam leader: Daniel Schaerer, University of Geneva,SwitzerlandSession: 14-18 March 2011

Geospace Coupling to Polar AtmosphereTeam leader: Annika Seppälä, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UKSession: 8-12 November 2010

Defining the Life-Cycle of Dwarf Galaxy Evolution: the Local Universe as a TemplateTeam leader: Eline Tolstoy, University of Groningen,the NetherlandsSessions: 30 August - 3 September 2010 and 15-19 November 2010

Dispersive Cascade and Dissipation in Collisionless Space Plasma Turbulence – Observations and SimulationsTeam leader: Emiliya Yordanova, Swedish Institutefor Space Physics, SwedenSession: 13-17 September 2010

Interior Layered Deposits: What do they tell usabout Mars Evolution?Team leader: Tanja Zegers, ESTEC ESA, the NetherlandsSession: 21-23 June 2011


From the left: Laetitia Le Deit, Jessica Flahaut and AngeloPio Rossi, members of the Zegers Team working on theproject on “Interiors Layered Deposits: What do they tellus about Mars Evolution?”.

International Teams


Extracting Physical Information from Spectropolarimetric Observations: Comparisonof Inversion CodesTeam leader: Juan M. Borrero, Kiepenheuer-Institutfür Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, GermanySession: 31 January - 4 February 2011Scientific Rationale: One of the most powerful andsuccessful tools to infer the thermodynamic, kine-matic and magnetic properties of astrophysical plas-mas is the analysis of the polarization properties ofthe light it emits in different absorption/emissionatomic/molecular lines (Stokes profiles). This is com-monly done through the application of inversioncodes for the radiative transfer equation for polar-ized light. Every inversion code is based on a specificmodel (with different degrees of complexity) andtherefore the inferred physical properties have to beinterpreted with some care and are conditioned tothe reliability of the proposed model. Since a varietyof models are employed to interpret observations, itis crucial to investigate, through a controlled and sys-tematic experiment, which model is favored to pro-duce inferences closer to the real physical conditions.The team takes following steps: (1) Use the thermo-dynamic and magnetic parameters, obtained fromrecent 3D non-grey MHD simulations (of the quietSun, active regions and sunspots), to compute syn-thetic Stokes profiles that will be fed to several ex-isting inversion codes. (2) Each inversion code willanalyze this data and attempt to retrieve the physicalparameters, which will be then compared to the realvalues provided by the numerical simulations. (3) An-alyze the dependence of the results on the model as-sumed.

AsteroFLAG-Ensemble and DifferentialSeismology of Solar-Type Stars Team leader: William J. Chaplin, University of Birmingham, United KingdomSession: 6-10 December 2010Scientific Rationale: The team seeks to capitalize onthe unique opportunities presented by the NASA Ke-pler Mission by developing ensemble and differentialanalysis methodologies for application to asteroseis-mic data collected by Kepler on over one thousandsolar-type stars. Never before has it been possible toconduct a “seismic survey” of the solar-type part of

the color-magnitude diagram. The solar-type starspresent a rich spectrum of oscillations, allowing in-ferences to be made on the stellar properties, inter-nal structures and fundamental physics tounprecedented levels of precision and accuracy. Theteam probes the galactic population of solar-typestars by seismology of the Kepler ensemble and se-lects from the ensemble pairs or sequences of starsthat share a common property (or properties), for ex-ample masses, compositions or surface gravities. Dif-ferential (comparative) seismic analysis of these starswill allow stable calibrations of relative ages, andgive the potential to map evolutionary sequences ofinternal properties and structures. This differentialanalysis includes use of oscillations data on stars ob-served by other instruments and ground-based tele-scopes, including the Stellar Observations NetworkGroup (SONG).

The Earth’s Radiation Belts: Physical Processesand Dynamic ModelingTeam leaders: Norma B. Crosby, BISA, Belgium andRichard B. Horne, British Antarctic Survey, UnitedKingdomSession: 8-11 February 2011Scientific Rationale: The relativistic electron flux inthe Earth’s outer Van Allen radiation belt can changeby up to five orders of magnitude on timescale ofhours to a few days. These variations are driven bychanges in the solar wind which couple through themagnetosphere and drive changes in the source ofelectrons, the transport mechanisms, the accelera-

Artist's impression of the Automated Transfer VehicleJohannes Kepler approaching the International SpaceStation. (Image Credit: ESA – D. Ducros, 2010)

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tion and loss processes. Recent results have shownthe importance of electron acceleration by wave-par-ticle interactions inside geosynchronous orbit, andthe need for co-ordinated wave and particle data totest theories and models. There is now increasing in-terest in the USA, with the proposed Radiation BeltStorm Probes mission (to be launched in 2012),Europe with CLUSTER and Double Star, Canada withthe Outer Radiation Belt Injection, Transport, Accel-eration and Loss Satellite (ORBITALS), and Japan withthe proposed small-satellite mission termed Ener-gization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) to under-stand the dynamic electron variability. There is alsonew interest in Europe under the umbrella of spaceweather forecasting and modeling applications. Sev-eral global radiation belt models are being developedworld-wide, based on different approaches, to testtheoretical models for radiation belt dynamics. Thisteam brings together the major Groups in Europe,Canada, Japan and the USA working on these mod-els to study the wave acceleration, transport and lossprocesses, and to test the theories against satellitedata.

Mapping Neutron Stars with Type I X-ray BurstsTeam leader: Andrew Cumming, Mc Gill University,CanadaSession: 28 March - 1 April 2011Scientific Rationale: Thermonuclear flashes on accreting neutron stars, observed as Type I X-raybursts, offer a powerful probe of the conditions in-side the dense interior of the neutron star. The teammakes a combined observational and theoretical ef-fort to understand the light curves, energetics andignition conditions of long duration X-ray bursts,using them to measure the temperature of the neu-tron star interior, and to constrain the mass and ra-dius of neutron stars from the spectrum of Type IX-ray bursts. These approaches give complementaryinformation about the neutron star interior, con-straining the uncertain physics of dense matter.

Astrophysics and Cosmology with Galaxy Clusters: the X-ray and Lensing ViewTeam leader: Stefano Ettori, INAF/OA Bologna, ItalySessions: 13-17 December 2010 and 24-26 May2011Scientific Rationale: As the most massive gravitation-ally bound objects in the Universe, galaxy clustersrepresent fundamental signposts in the story of

structure formation and evolution. The distributionof their gravitating and baryonic mass is the key in-gredient to use galaxy clusters as astrophysical labo-ratories and cosmological probes. The team isworking on the X-ray and lensing properties ofgalaxy clusters and is focusing on the followingareas: (1) the reconstruction of the cluster mass pro-files through X-ray, strong and weak lensing tech-niques; (2) the use of X-ray and lensing derivedquantities as proxies of the gravitating mass; (3) mapping of the cluster outskirts with X-ray andweak lensing methods; (4) estimates of the system-atics affecting mass reconstruction and cosmologicalimplications of these measurements.

Magnetic Flux Emergence in the Solar Atmos-phere: Comparing Observational and ModelConditions Leading to Active Region Formationand to the Interaction of the Newly EmergedFlux with the Ambient Magnetic FieldTeam leaders: Klaus Galsgaard, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Francesca Zuccarello,University of Catania, ItalySession: 7-11 February 2011Scientific Rationale: Recent high resolution observa-tions have shown that during the first phases of solaractive region (AR) formation, many physicalprocesses are at work: convective collapse, magneticcoalescence, arch filament system (AFS) formation,plasma downflows along the rising flux tubes, de-creasing upward velocities of the AFS arches, mag-netic reconnection between the emerging flux andthe ambient magnetic field, etc. 3D MHD simula-tions of active region formation developed to datehave shown many similar features to those observed,e.g. eruptions, jets, sigmoids, magnetic tongues, buthave also difficulties in reproducing other typical fea-tures such as sunspot formation and their correct tiltangle. The progress achieved over the last 10 years,thanks to new high resolution observations and ac-cess to new high performance computing facilities,have given the team the opportunity to start com-paring the results obtained by both approaches andto verify to what extent they allow a coherent de-scription of the phenomena occurring on the Sun.The goals include: 1) Use ground- and space-basedhigh-resolution observations of emerging magneticflux regions to investigate the sequence of phenom-ena that leads to the formation of active regions;2) Investigate, both observationally and via model-


International Teams

This image taken by the Cassini-Huygens Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer clearly shows surface features on Titan. It is a composite of false-color imagestaken at three infrared wavelengths: 2 microns (blue); 2.7microns (red); and 5 microns (green). A methane cloudcan be seen at the South Pole (top of image). (ImageCredit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)

ing, the processes occurring as a consequence of theinteraction between emerging and pre-existing mag-netic fields at different atmospheric layers; 3) Investigate the triggering mechanism for the coro-nal mass ejections (CMEs) like eruptions, whichcome from an emerging flux region (EFR); 4) Investi-gate how turbulent convection affects the emer-gence of magnetic fields; 5) Compare the resultsobtained by the observations with the numericalmodels, in order to provide a better interpretation ofthe phenomena observed.

The Methane Balance – Formation and Destruction Processes on Planets, their Satellitesand in the Interstellar MediumTeam leader: Wolf D. Geppert, Stockholm University,Sweden Session: 16-18 November 2010Scientific Rationale: A major question of the historyof our solar system concerns the faint young sun par-adox and whether the Sun’s lower luminosity in theHadean and Achaean eons was compensated byhigher contents of gases with stronger greenhousepotential. Methane is such a gas, and is probably theone that is most easily envisaged in high concentra-tions in Earth’s early atmosphere. It is not at all clear

whether it would have been degassed from Earth’smantle, formed abiotically through weathering reac-tions in the presence of water, or even biogenicallyby early microorganisms in the subsurface. The im-portance of methane is, however, not restricted toour own planet. Methane has been detected in theatmosphere of Mars and the compound is an impor-tant component of the outer gaseous planets andtheir satellites. Methane-induced chemistry is knownto take place in extrasolar planets and even in theinterstellar medium. The team studies the formationof methane in the interstellar medium and its role instar-forming regions and protoplanetary disks, theorigin and cycles of methane on Titan and other icymoons, and the implications of the existence ofmethane in the atmosphere of Mars and exoplanets.

Atmospheric Trace Gas Data Set Inter-Comparison ProjectTeam leader: Michaela I. Hegglin, University ofToronto, CanadaSession: 6-10 June 2011Scientific Rationale: Over the last 30 years, satellitemeasurements have provided a wealth of knowledgeregarding chemical trace gas abundances in thestratosphere. Data sets of chemical trace gases arewidely used for empirical studies of stratospheric cli-mate and variability, and for the validation of therepresentation of transport and chemistry in numer-ical models. A number of data sets from differentESA, CSA, and NASA satellite instruments are avail-able, which vary in terms of measurement method,geographical coverage, spatial and temporal sam-pling and resolution, time period, and retrieval algo-rithm. The project aims at assessing the availabledata sets of chemical trace gases and at a detailedinter-comparison of compiled atmospheric composi-tion climatologies. The main objective is a detailedcomparison of climatologies of chemical trace gasspecies which will identify differences between thedata sets. The detailed results will be documented ina SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and Their Role inClimate) peer-reviewed report, which will serve as aguide to the use of long-term chemical data sets inempirical studies of climate and variability and inmodel-measurement comparison.

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Investigating the Dynamics of Planetary MagnetotailsTeam leader: Caitriona Jackman, Imperial CollegeLondon, United KingdomSessions: 25-29 October 2010 and 2-6 May 2011Scientific Rationale: Spacecraft observations have established that all magnetized planets interactstrongly with the solar wind and possess well-deve-loped magnetic tails. The team studies reconnection,convection, and charged particle acceleration in themagnetic tails of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn.These fundamental physical processes are commonto all these planetary environments and relate to acomplex chain of events that ultimately release massand energy in magnetized configurations. The greatdifferences in solar wind conditions, planetary rotation rates, ionospheric conductivity, and physical dimensions from Mercury’s small magnetosphere tothe giant magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn,provide an outstanding opportunity to extend ourunderstanding of the influence of these factors onthese basic processes. The team draws together dataanalysis experts and global modelers to build up afull picture of small- and large-scale dynamics. Theexperts make use of numerous data sets from MESSENGER, Geotail, Cluster, THEMIS, Galileo, NewHorizons, Cassini, and the Hubble Space Telescope(HST) to name but a few, together with sophisticatedsimulation and modeling tools in order to probe in-situ and remotely the deep magnetotails of theseplanets.

The Substorm Current WedgeTeam leader: Larry Kepko, NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USASessions: 1-5 November 2010 and 9-13 May 2011Scientific Rationale: Almost 40 years ago the conceptof the substorm current wedge (SCW) was deve-loped to explain the pattern of magnetic signaturesobserved on the ground and in geosynchronousorbit during the substorm expansion phase. The en-suing decades saw advancements in our understand-ing of this system from new observations, includingradar and low-altitude spacecraft, theoretical con-siderations, and MHD simulations, and the SCW re-mains a guiding paradigm on the large scale to thisday. Yet recent results from new radar instrumenta-tion, Cluster, and the coordinated ground and in situmeasurements of the THEMIS mission have identifiedkey areas in which the SCW paradigm needs to be

revised and extended. The team brings together aninterdisciplinary group of experts on the ionosphere,magnetosphere, modeling and theory to produce acomprehensive review paper with two primary goals:1) Review of the work of the past 40 years and 2) Consolidate the wealth of recent advancementsenabled by the THEMIS and Cluster missions, withan emphasis on how recent observations have ex-panded our knowledge beyond the simple concep-tual model, and necessitated an extension of thephenomenological picture.

Filamentary Structure and Dynamics of SolarMagnetic FieldsTeam leader: Irina N. Kitiashvili, Stanford University,USASession: 15-19 November 2010Scientific Rationale: The filamentary structure is afundamental property of solar magnetic fields. Re-cent high-resolution observations and radiative MHDnumerical simulations revealed close links betweenthe filamentary structures and plasma dynamics insunspots and magnetic network. A new emergingparadigm is that the mechanisms of the filamentarystructuring and large-scale organization are naturalconsequences of turbulent magnetoconvection on

The Sun erupted with a modest (C-7) flare and coronalmass ejection (June 21, 2011) that was aimed pretty muchright towards Earth. The Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO) observed the burst and ensuing coronal loops in extreme ultraviolet light. SOHO's C2 coronagraph captured the expanding particle cloud that expanded inall directions like a faint halo around the Sun. (ImageCredit: SOHO/NASA/ESA)


International Teams

the Sun. Numerical simulations have provided newexplanations to the filamentary structure ofsunspots, the Evershed effect and the moving mag-netic features. However, many problems remain un-solved because of difficulties with analysis andinterpretation of spectro-polarimetric observationsand with modeling of the turbulent magnetohydro-dynamics processes. Observers and modelers discussthe recent advances, uncertainties and unsolvedproblems, compare the models and observations,and develop new approaches to simulations anddata analysis of the filamentary magnetic structureand dynamics of the Sun from ground-based tele-scopes and the space missions Hinode and Solar Dy-namics Observatory.

Critical Assessment and Standardized Reportingof Vertical Filtering and Error Propagation inthe Data Processing Algorithms of the NDACCLidarsTeam leader: Thierry Leblanc, JPL-Table Mountain Facility, USASessions: 29 November - 3 December 2010 and 14-17 June 2011Scientific Rationale: The international Network forthe Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change(NDACC) is a global network of high-quality, remote-sensing research stations for observing and under-standing the physical and chemical state of the Earthatmosphere. As part of NDACC, over 20 ground-based lidar instruments are dedicated to the long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition and tothe validation of space-borne measurements of theEarth atmosphere from environmental satellites suchas Aura (NASA) and ENVISAT (ESA). One caveat oflarge networks such as NDACC is the difficulty toarchive measurement and analysis information con-sistently from one research group (or instrument) toanother. Yet the need for consistent definitions hasstrengthened as datasets of various origin (e.g.,satellite and ground-based) are increasingly used andingested together in global assimilation systems. Theneed for archiving data with consistent definitionshas become critical as datasets of various origin areincreasingly used and ingested together in global as-similation systems. It is therefore proposed to gatherNDACC lidar experts to address at least three criticalaspects of the lidar data retrievals: 1) signal filteringand the vertical filtering of the retrieved profiles, 2)the quantification and propagation of the uncertain-

ties, and 3) the consistent definition and reportingof filtering and uncertainties in the archived products.

Fermi Shock Acceleration Process: From Non-Relativistic to Ultra-Relativistic ShocksTeam leader: Alexandre Marcowith, University ofMontpellier II, FranceSession: 14-18 February 2011Scientific Rationale: Astrophysical shock waves areubiquitous in sources of high energy particles such assupernovae remnants, active galactic nuclei orgamma-ray bursts. The blast waves being non- orultra-relativistic, yet a common point is the emissionof non-thermal power-law spectra of high energy ra-diation, which is usually observed as synchrotron orInverse Compton photons emitted by the acceleratedelectrons. Such radiation require the amplification ofthe magnetic field as turbulent fluctuations. One pos-sibility is that the turbulent flucutations are self-gen-erated by the relativistic particles themselves.Theoretical studies as well as observational findingshave brought to light the complex relationship thatexists between the accelerated (non-thermal) parti-cles, the dynamics and the structure of the shockwave, the surrounding magnetized turbulence andthe efficiency of particle injection, actually the verynature of the acceleration process. This result is highlychallenging, because that relationship implies that (i)the process of acceleration is highly non-linear andmust be considered in its full generality; that, further-more, (ii) its comprehension must borrow knowledgefrom several disciplines (high energy astrophysics,particles physics, space plasma physics); (iii) its studyconsequently requires the development of new nu-merical tools. The main objective is, i.e., to assemblea trans-disciplinary collaboration of physicists fromthese disciplines in order to study the physics of highenergy radiation from shock waves, starting from themicrophysics of the shock wave itself, hence discussthe development of numerical tools dedicated tothese studies. The project considers the followingtasks: 1) effects of the turbulence properties over theFermi acceleration process efficiency in relativisticshocks 2) dominant plasma instabilities in variousshock velocity and upstream magnetization regimes3) connection between magnetospherical and astro-physical shock acceleration studies 4) critical discus-sions on the available multiwavelength observationsand prospects for future experiments.

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Plasma Coupling in the Auroral Magnetosphere–Ionosphere System (POLARIS)Team leaders: Octav Marghitu, Institute for SpaceSciences, Bucharest, Romania and Joachim Vogt, Jacobs University Bremen, GermanySession: 17-21 January 2011Scientific Rationale: Fundamental processes in theplasma Universe are often organized by magneticfields and accompanied by energetic particles. Exam-ples range from planetary aurorae and solar activityto astrophysical shocks and pulsar magnetospheres.Magnetic coupling works across very differentplasma regimes and may yield complex interactionpatterns. An ideal test-bed for studying this type offundamental plasma coupling is the geospace envi-ronment where the collisionless magnetosphericplasma interacts with the collisional polar ionospherethrough exchange of energetic particles, electromag-netic fields and currents. While the magnetosphere–ionosphere (M–I) coupling in the morning andevening sectors is often rather steady and can bewell described by simplified current systems andelectromagnetic fields, the transition region in themidnight sector, known as the Harang region (HR),is much more dynamic. The current and field config-uration is complex and essentially three-dimensional,and the HR is believed to play an important role inthe substorm cycle. The auroral M–I system is typi-cally far from equilibrium and the substorm phases

correspond to different conditions of the large scaleenergy flux through this system, associated withloading / unloading of magnetic energy. Even if a di-rect connection is difficult to establish at present,similar systems may occur quite generally in magnet-ized astrophysical plasmas.

Cosmological Surveys to Probe Dark Energy andDark MatterTeam leaders: Georges Meylan, EPFL, Lausanne,Switzerland and Jean-Paul Kneib, LAM, Marseille,FranceSession: 2-4 November 2011Scientific Rationale: The understanding of our Uni-verse is currently very limited, since the nature ofmost of its content – about 95% made of Dark Mat-ter and Dark Energy – is still unknown. In the last tenyears, many space mission concepts have been pro-posed, both in the United States of America and inEurope, to probe the dark components of our Uni-verse. ESA is currently considering the EUCLID mis-sion concept as a potential part of its Cosmic Visionprogram, while NASA and DOE are considering theJDEM mission concept. Scientists (including both Eu-ropeans and Americans) meet and discuss in detailsthe different Dark Energy and Dark Matter spacemission concepts as well explore the different obser-vational strategies in order to optimally constraintthe cosmological world model.

Picture showing the distribution of the dark matter, obtained from a numerical simulation, at a redshift z~2, or when theUniverse was about 3 billion years old. The first frame displays the continuous distribution of dark matter particles, showingthe typical wispy structure of the cosmic web, with a network of sheets and filaments that developed out of tiny fluctu-ations in the early Universe. The second frame provides a simplified view of the complex network of dark matter structureaccording to the so-called halo model, a statistical approach used to describe the distribution of dark matter on both largeand small scales. The last frame highlights the dark matter halos (shown in yellow) that represent the most efficient cosmicsites for the formation of galaxies. (Image Credit: The Virgo Consortium/Alexandre Amblard/ESA)


International Teams

Numerical and Laboratory Explorations of theResponse of Solid Celestial Bodies and their-Granular Surfaces to Various Kinds of StressesUnder Variable GravityTeam leaders: Patrick Michel, University of Nice,CNRS, France and Akiko M. Nakamura, Kobe Uni-versity, Japan Session: 26-29 July 2010Scientific Rationale: One of the main processes thatcontributed to the formation of planets and shapedtheir leftover building blocks (asteroids and comets)is the impact process. Great efforts are still necessaryto achieve a complete understanding of this processthat can be applied to the various histories and kindsof solid celestial bodies (planets, satellites, asteroids,comets). Moreover, the response of small bodies toimpacts is crucial in the design of space missionsaimed at performing a deflection. Asteroids range insize from small (~10 m) boulders to bodies 1000 kmacross. As a result, from planets to asteroids, surfacegravities vary by many orders of magnitude. Re-golith, granular material covering the uppermostlayer of solid planetary bodies, plays an importantrole in the surface geology of asteroids. The samecan be stated, although to a lesser extent, for bodieslike Mars and the Moon, whose surface gravities arealso smaller than that of Earth’s. Thus, flows of gran-ular materials driven by different gravitational con-ditions are particularly important in theunderstanding of the geology of small bodies andplanets. The exploration of the Moon and Mars inthe next two decades will require deployment oflanding vehicles on surfaces of loose granular mate-rial. Space missions to small bodies also involvemeasurements by landers (e.g. the Rosetta mission)and sampling devices capable of coping with a widerange of surface properties. The team brings to-gether specialists in these two related processes (im-pacts and granular material dynamics) with therequired expertise in modeling, laboratory experi-ments and space missions.

Study of Cosmic Ray Influence upon Atmospheric ProcessesTeam leader: Irina A. Mironova, St. Petersburg StateUniversity, Russia Session: 17-21 January 2011Scientific Rationale: The team works on the cosmicray influence upon atmospheric processes and stud-ies details of different kinds of effects, e.g., chemical,

physical, dynamical, caused by cosmic rays in the at-mosphere. The scientists aim to define causes andeffects, identify appropriate models and develop aquantitative parameterization that will make it pos-sible to study the role of the cosmic-ray effect in theEarth’s climate. In order to reach this goal, the teamcombines experts in complementary disciplines, suchas cosmic rays, atmospheric chemistry, aerosolphysics, atmospheric electricity, theoretical modeling,experimental setups, etc. The team meetings focuson coordination of individual’s efforts, ranking ofproblems, definition of the key issues, exchange ofexperience, lively discussions and brainstorming.

Study of Gamma-ray Loud Binary SystemsTeam leader: Andrii Neronov, University of Geneva,SwitzerlandSessions: 22-26 November 2010 and 15-17 June2011Scientific Rationale: This project is devoted to thestudy of γ-ray loud binaries, binary stellar systems inwhich either accretion onto the compact object (aneutron star or a black hole), or interaction of andoutflow from the compact object with a companionstar, or collision of the outflows from two massivestars leads to the production of high energy γ-ray

This highly oblique image of northwestern African captures the curvature of the Earth and shows its atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere is composed of 78percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent otherconstituents, and it shields us from nearly all harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. It also protects us from meteors, most of which burn up beforethey can strike the planet. Affected by changes in solaractivity, the upper atmosphere contributes to weather andclimate on Earth. (Image Credit: NASA/JPL/UCSD/JSC)

emission. This class of sources has been recently dis-covered by the ground-based Cherenkov γ-ray tele-scopes in the TeV energy band and by Fermi andAGILE telescopes in the GeV energy band. The goalsof the project are to systematize already availablemultiwavelength (radio/optical/X-ray/ γ-ray) data, toprocess the data of the forthcoming multiwave-length observational campaigns on these newsources, and to work out a consistent picture ofphysical processes leading to the high-energy particleacceleration and γ-ray emission, which would beable to explain the multiwavelength data.

Utilizing the Smallest Martian Craters to AnalyzeSurface Ages and Geological EvolutionTeam leaders: Olga Popova, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and William Hartmann,Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, USA Sessions: 13-17 September 2010 and 9-13 May2011Scientific Rationale: The project extends the pastteam project on Evolution and Chronology of Mars(Kallenbach et al. 2001), and earlier ISSI team studies(2007-2009). The team extends the Martian chronol-ogy system by an order of magnitude in crater diam-eter by measuring the shape of the size-frequencydistribution (SFD) of newly produced Martian craters,down to craters of diameter D only ~ 1 or 2 meters,now being imaged by the HiRISE camera. The scien-tists combine this result with the 2006 measurementof the production rate of decameter craters, fromMalin et al. (2006). With the SFD shape in the 1-20m range, and the production rate in the 10-20 mrange, the team can open the door to utilizing thesesmallest craters to date surfaces of small (kmscale)geologic formations on Mars, such as individual lavaflows, landslides, deltaic fans of gullies and channels,etc.

Remote Observation of Aerosol�Cloud-Precipitation�Climate InteractionsTeam leader: Anni Reissell, University of Helsinki,Finland Sessions: 4-6 October 2010 and 9-11 May 2011Scientific Rationale: Interactions among the aerosol,clouds and precipitation are thought to shape thebehavior of the climate system. The aerosol, in partthrough its interactions with clouds, has been widely

identified as the leading source of uncertainty in theclimate forcing of the anthropocene. The aerosol,clouds and precipitation are a strongly coupled sys-tem, but the nature of this coupling and its sensitivityto perturbations in one of the elements is poorly understood. Recent developments in process under-standing, modeling, and observational capabilitiesmake it now possible to address the nature of theinterplay between the aerosol, clouds and precipita-tion. The main objective is to make significant stridesin understanding the interplay among the aerosol,clouds and precipitation, and the way these interac-tions are forcing the climate system. The SAT-ACPCteam identifies ways to analyze under-exploited ex-isting satellite data, as well as required long term ob-servations and missing key observations. The teaminitiates international comprehensive, coordinatedand enduring space-borne and other measurements,targeting specific regimes and coupled to state-of-the-art modeling.

Physics of the Accretion Column of X-ray PulsarsTeam leader: Gabriele Schönherr, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, GermanySession: 14-18 March 2011Scientific Rationale: The team aims to link differentmodeling and observational approaches for a self-consistent assessment of the physics of the accretioncolumn of accreting X-ray pulsars. Although studiesof accreting X-ray originally started out as a unifiedapproach 25 years ago, the complexity of the phys-ical processes has meanwhile led to subdivisions focussing on (a) the continuum spectrum, (b) cy-clotron resonance scattering features (‘cyclotronlines’, CRSFs), and (c) timing analysis. Each field foritself has much developed since, and the last yearshave seen breakthroughs like the first physical ana-lytical continuum model and the first physical, simu-lation-based cyclotron line model in directcomparison to observational data. All modeling at-tempts suffer, however, from the fact that too manyparameters are unconstrained because of a generallack of knowledge about the accretion column for-mation and geometry. Information loss also occursdue to the non-compatibility of different modelseven in the same fields. This situation can only beovercome by focussing again on a consistent, unifiedapproach. The aim is to agree on a general strategyon what can be learned from each other and also to

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International Teams

explicitely start merging different existing analyticaland numerical models into a self-consistent modelfor the X-ray radiation from the accretion column forcomparisons to observational data.

Plasma Entry and Transport in the Plasma SheetTeam leader: Simon Wing, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USASession: 18-21 April 2011Scientific Rationale: The plasma sheet is fundamen-tally important for understanding dynamicalprocesses in the magnetosphere such as geomag-netic storms and substorms. The most promisingmechanisms for plasma entry during northward IMFconditions are reconnection at high latitudes, recon-nection associated with Kelvin-Helmholtz modes,and wave-induced diffusion that can be driven ex-ternally or associated with reconnection or Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. These processes are not exclusiveof each other. These three mechanisms can also playsignificant roles in the plasma entry during south-ward IMF. The team addresses the following centralquestions: (1) what processes lead to the increasedentropy in the cold-dense plasma material that en-ters the plasma sheet? (2) what signatures of plasmaentry are observed (e.g. plasma heating, density pro-files, mixing of distributions, dawn-dusk asymme-

tries) and how are they related to physical entryprocesses? and (3) what processes lead to the heat-ing of the nominal plasma sheet material? The proj-ect brings together in situ observations fromGEOTAIL, CLUSTER, THEMIS, LANL combined withremote measurements of the plasma sheet from lowaltitude DMSP satellites, which will be comparedwith global and local MHD simulations, multifluidsimulations that include ion inertial effects, kinetic-MHD, and hybrid simulations that include gyroradiusphysics.

The Physical Mechanisms of AGN FeedbackTeam leader: Michael W. Wise, Netherlands Institutefor Radio Astronomy, the NetherlandsSession: 28 February - 4 March 2011Scientific Rationale: The team focus on the physicalmechanisms of AGN feedback in clusters of galaxies.It brings together a multi-disciplinary group of re-searchers with expertise in X-ray, radio, optical, andIR data analysis as well as strong theoretical back-ground in modeling and numerical simulation ofclusters. Using a variety of existing X-ray data incombination with exciting new datasets from LOFARand Herschel, the scientists study the energetics offeedback in clusters, map the sites where this energyis being deposited, and constrain the sources of fuelfor the observed AGN outbursts. In particular theteam takes advantage of new, low-frequency radiodata from LOFAR to identify and studies cluster-scaleAGN outbursts in these systems out to higher red-shifts than available by X-ray data alone. With suchnew samples from LOFAR, the team is able to assessthe impact of AGN feedback on the large-scale prop-erties of clusters as well as estimate the growth ofblack holes and their impact on galaxy formationover cosmic time.

Illustration of one of the most massive star clusters withinour Milky Way Galaxy. The cluster is ablaze with the glowof 14 rare red supergiant stars. Interspersed among thesupergiants are young blue stars. The cluster contains anestimated 20,000 stars and is 20 times more massive thantypical clusters in our galaxy. The cluster is located in thedirection of the Galaxy's center. Its visible light is obscuredby interstellar dust, but infrared telescopes easily detect.(Image Credit: NASA, ESA and A. Schaller (for STScI))

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The Teams below have been selected for implemen-tation from the proposals received in response to the2011 Call for International Teams:

Coronal Heating - Using Observables (flows andemission measure) to Settle the Question ofSteady vs. Impulsive HeatingTeam leaders: Stephen Bradshaw (US) and Helen E.Mason (UK)

Heating of the Magnetized Chromosphere: Confronting Models with ObservationsTeam leaders: Bart De Pontieu and Scott McIntosh (US)

Updating the Lunar Chronology and Stratigraphy: New Laboratory and RemoteSensing Data, and New Approaches to the Interpretation of Old DataTeam leader: Vera A. Fernandes (DE)

Multi-point Studies of the Auroral Acceleration Region using ClusterTeam leader: Colin Forsyth (UK)

Flow-driven Instabilities of the Sun-Earth SystemTeam leader: Claire Foullon (UK)

Zonal Jets and Eddies - Planetary Science andSatellite Oceanography at the CrossroadsTeam leader: Boris Galperin (US)

Present and Past Activity of the Galactic CenterSuper-massive Black Hole and its Impact on theCentral Molecular Zone of the GalaxyTeam leader: Andrea Goldwurm (FR)

Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling duringStratospheric Sudden WarmingsTeam leader: Larisa Goncharenko (US)

The Formation of Star ClustersTeam leader: Simon Goodwin (UK)

Address the Physics of the HeliopauseTeam leaders: Randy Jokipii and Edward C. Stone (US)

Characterizing Super-Earths and Life Advancethrough Linking 1D/3D Atm. Models and their Resulting ObservablesTeam leader: Lisa Kaltenegger (DE)

An Assessment of the Accuracies and Uncertain-ties in the Total Solar Irradiance Climate DataRecordTeam leader: Greg Kopp (US)

Spatial and Temporal Studies of the Heliospheric Interaction with the Local Interstellar Medium from SOHO/SWAN UV, IBEXNeutral Atom, and ACE and STEREO Pickup IonObservationsTeam leaders: Dimitra Koutroumpa (US) and VladIzmodenov (RU)

Characterizing Stellar and Exoplanetary Environments via Observations and AdvancedModeling TechniquesTeam leader: Helmut Lammer (AT)

Resolving Current Systems in GeospaceTeam leaders: Mike Liemohn (US) and NataliaGanushkina (FI)

Interaction of Satellites with their Space EnvironmentTeam leader: Richard Marchand (CA)

Generation of Climate Data Records of Sea-Surface Temperature from Current and Future Satellite RadiometersTeam leader: Peter J. Minnett (US)

Lunar VolatilesTeam leaders: Igor Mitrofanov (RU) and WilliamBoynton (US)

Advancing Our Understanding of Solar Wind FractionationTeam leader: Dan Reisenfeld (US)

Deriving Physical Parameters of AtmospherelessBodies in the Solar System by Modeling theirThermal EmissionTeam leader: Hans Rickman (SE)

Extreme Solar Flares as Drivers of Space Weather:from Science towards Reliable StatisticsTeam leaders: Karel Schrijver (US) and Jürg Beer (CH)

Comparative Jovian AeronomyTeam leader: Tom Stallard (UK)

Long-term Reconstruction of Solar and SolarWind ParametersTeam leader: Leif Svalgaard (US)


Visiting Scientists

Individual Scientists are invited for extendedperiods to work on scientific subjects at the forefront in areas of interest to ISSI. The resultsof this research are to be published as books orin major scientific journals, with appropriate ack nowledgement to ISSI.

Following scientists worked at ISSI in the course ofthe sixteenth business year:

Lennard Fisk, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanicand Space Sciences, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, USA, working periods: 12.-17.7.2010 and24.3.-31.5.2011.

Wera Di Gianni, Student at the Department ofPhysics, University of Calabria, Italy, working period:21.7.-7.8.2010.

Andrea Geralico, Physics Department and ICRA,University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy, working period: 1.-7.8.2010.

George Gloeckler, Department of Atmospheric,Oceanic & Space Sciences, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, USA, working period: 19.-26.10.2010.

Fulvio Melia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arizona, USA, working period: 22.5.-25.6.2011.

Götz Paschmann, Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany, working period: 4.-20.6.2011.

Angelo Pio Rossi, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany, working period: 8.-9.2.2011.

Luigi Stella, INAF-Astronomical Observatory ofRome, Monteporzio Catone, Italy, working period:1.-7.8.2010.

Bengt Sonnerup, Thayer School of Engineering,Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA, working period:12.-25.6.2011.

Fulvio Melia of the University of Arizona (USA) con-tinued his research for a few weeks at ISSI as VisitingScientist. To present his work, Fulvia Melia answereda few questions about himself, the collaborationwith Maurizio Falanga and the time spent at ISSI:

When did you first hear about the InternationalSpace Science Institute and how has your collaboration started with ISSI?F. Melia: I first heard of ISSI on one of my trips to theAstroparticle Physics and Cosmology (APC) center inParis. I have had a long collaboration with membersof the XMM-Newton and Integral teams, particularlyto study the broadband properties of the supermas-sive black hole at the galactic center, and these platforms have provided us with some of the bestdata in recent years. One of those collaborators wasMaurizio Falanga, and it was through him that Ilearned of the activities of ISSI and its importantfunction in international space science. It was quite

Fulvio Melia (left) together with ISSI’s Science Program Manager Maurizio Falanga.

Romain Vuillez, Ecole Polytechnique Paris, France,working period: 4.-21.4.2011.

Daniel Winterhalter, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Pasadena, USA, working period: 18.2.-19.3.2011.

Thomas Zurbuchen, Department of Atmospheric,Oceanic & Space Sciences College of Engineering,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, working period: 1.7.-15.8.2010.

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natural for me to continue my collaboration withMaurizio once he moved to Bern to become the Science Program Manager at ISSI and, especially, togrow in my involvement with ISSI, whose function isin many ways central to my main line of work.

On which projects you worked during your stayat ISSI?F. Melia: I have by now had the pleasure of visitingISSI twice, providing me with the necessary uninterrupted, quality time to make significantprogress on our project. We are developing an algorithm for producing synthetic broadband imagesof polarized light emanating from the environmentsurrounding a supermassive black hole, includingboth the radiation emitted directly there and the portion of it scattered elsewhere in this environment.This is challenging work, requiring not only the incorporation of the physical attributes of high-energy plasmas in the presence of strong gravity and electromagnetic fields, but also the inclusion of several essential effects from general relativity, such as gravitational time dilation, Dopplershifts, and area amplification. But there is no way toavoid this. We now have a wealth of data pertainingto the polarized emission at radio and NIR wave-lengths from sources such as the supermassive blackhole at the galactic center and, thanks to Chandraand XMM, we also have high quality measurementsat X-ray energies. With this project, we are not onlyinterested in providing an explanation for we areseeing now, but very importantly, also pioneering theidea of carrying out high quality polarimetric X-raymeasurements with instruments developed in the(hopefully near) future. We believe that X-ray polarimetry is the next big frontier in high-energy astrophysics, and we are keen to demonstrate thepower of such observations with theoretical simulations of what these coming missions can see.

How ISSI contributed to your work?F. Melia: If not already there, ISSI is fast becomingone of the principal centers of European space science. The fact that so many professionals in thefield pass through here in any given time means thata significant overlap can occur with many individualsrelevant to current and future missions. Of course,the fact that one of my principal collaborators on thisproject is a staff member here makes it a naturalplace to come for this work. But already since being


here I’ve met with 4 or 5 others (from Edinburgh,Paris, and even Goddard in the US, just to name afew) who have attended workshops here during myvisits. And very importantly, our group has now proposed to bring a team here within this comingyear specifically to work on our project and closelyrelated science. This is a great benefit to our collaboration, since it will provide us with an opportunity of greatly advancing our interpretationof current data and working on plans for the future,e.g., further developing plans for making X-ray polarimetry a reality.

From your point of view what are the key wordsfor the International Space Science Institute?F. Melia: 1. Excellent concept, with a bright, lastingfuture2. Well managed and organized3. Wonderful and supportive staff4. Likely to be inundated with inquiries of interestfor space scientists to visit here once the word getsout of how great it is to work here.

Polarimetric imaging of Sgr A*’s from a X-ray flare emission. For this purpose F. Melia and M. Falanga used aMonte Carlo code in the simulations including general relativity and scattered photons in a sphere around SgrA*. It shows that whereas the polarization fraction andposition angle of the X-rays are similar to those of the NIRcomponent for synchrotron-cooled emission, these quantities are measurably different when the X-raysemerge from a scattering medium. It is clear, therefore,that the development of X-ray polarimetry will representa major new tool for studying the spacetime near super-massive black holes. (Image Credit: M. Falanga, F. Melia)

Events and ISSI in the media at a glance

Events

26 and 27 October 2010: Meeting of the ScienceCommittee.

6 November 2010: Meeting of the Board ofTrustees and the ISSI Board Dinner.

11 November 2010: Pro ISSI talk "Wie schwarz sindschwarze Löcher?" by Maurizio Falanga.

30 March 2011: Pro ISSI talk "die aktuelle Erforschung des Planeten Merkur" by Peter Wurz.

24 May 2011: Pro ISSI talk "Wasser im Universum:Neues vom Herschel Weltraumobservatorium" byArnold Benz.

8-10 June 2011: Meeting of the Science Committee.

24 June 2011: Meeting of the Board of Trustees.

ISSI in the media

Article “Berner Gerät blickt aus dem All zum Randdes Sonnensystems” by Christian Bernhardt, BernerZeitung, 3 July 2010.

Interview with R.-M. Bonnet with the title “Missionshave become like Cathedrals”, Profile, Space News,9 August 2010.

Article “Ein Schweizer Tüftler bei der Nasa” bySimon Koechlin, Horizonte, September 2010.

R.-M. Bonnet: Front Cover and Interview, Interna-tional Talent, Beijing, China, December 2010 (seepicture below).

Interview with the title “Aller sur Mars est encore unvoyage utopique. Il faut d’abord viser Phobos, unede ses lunes” with R.-M. Bonnet, Le Monde, 9 April2011.

Article “International Cooperation of Space andChina” by R.-M. Bonnet, International Talent, Bei-jing, China, 12 May 2011.

Interview with R.-M. Bonnet by P. de Brem, ProgramCosmic Vision of ESA, Ciel et Espace, Paris, France,26 May 2011.

Article “ESA Controllers Buy Time to Fix Glitches onComet Chaser” by Peter B. de Selding, Space News,15 June 2011.


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ISSI and the Alpbach Summer School 2010

Held annually since 1975, the Summer School Alp-bach enjoys a long tradition in providing in-depthteaching on aspects of space science and space tech-nology. The purpose of the Summer School is to fos-ter the practical application of knowledge derivedfrom lectures, to develop organizational and team-work skills and to encourage creativity. The 2010Alpbach Summer School was held from 27th of Julyuntil the 5th of August and was attended by 57young science and engineering students from allover Europe. This year's topic was "New Space Missions for Understanding Climate Change".

The first part of the summer school was taken upwith 20 lectures on various aspects of Earth’s climatewith a focus on space-based monitoring of thechanges in the natural environment. These provideda firm foundation for the workshops, the other keyelement of the program, which occupied more thanhalf of the available time. The students organized infour competitive teams, worked intensively togetherto define the scientific objectives of a space missionand care out a design study aiming to increase ourknowledge on key processes of the global climatesystem. Their innovative projects proposed by thestudents included a mission to obtain very high res-olution, vertical and horizontal measurements ofwater vapor in the lower stratosphere, a mission tohelp understand the formation and effects of aircraftcontrails, a mission to track the life cycle of fires andassess the amount of carbon emitted, and finally amission to improve our understanding of the re-gional and global water cycles.

ISSI is an official sponsor of the summer school forseveral years now and has contributed in many waysto its organization and support. ISSI staff involved inthe 2010 summer school were Roger-Maurice Bonnet, as Chairman of the Jury, André Balogh asHead Tutor, Lennart Bengtsson as a Lecturer, SymeonKoumoutsaris as Science Tutor, and Silvia Wenger asAdministrative Assistant.

Main elements that build up the complex Earth System. (Image Credit: ESA)

Staff and students at the Summer School Alpbach 2010.

Staff Activities

Presentations

7 July 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Keynote speech “Achieve-ments of European Space Sciences in the last decades”,ESSC 40th Plenary – Anniversary Session, ESRIN-ESA, Frascati, Italy.

8 July 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Role of Europe’s science com-munity and of the ESSC-ESF, 40th European Space ScienceCommittee Plenary Meeting, Frascati, Italy.

19 July 2010 – R. von Steiger: “Solar wind compositionduring a peculiar solar minimum”, the 38th ScientificAssembly of Cospar, Bremen, Germany.

27 July 2010 – L. Bengtsson: The Earth’s Climate, AlpbachSummer School, Alpbach, Austria.

8 September 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Climate monitoringand modeling: The role of occultation data, University ofGraz, Austria.

13 September 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Nave EspacialTerra”, Public Conference in Portuguese, 13-18 Septem-ber 2010, Maputo, Moçambique.

13 September 2010 – J.L. Culhane: The Role of XUV andSoft X-ray Observations in Understanding the Solar Corona, Solar Plasma Spectroscopy, Achievements and Future Challenges, Cambridge, UK.

14 September 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “O papel das inves-tigaçoes espaciais na comprensaõ da fisica e da evoluçaõdo nosso Universo”, First Conference on Physics of thePortuguese speaking countries, 13-18 September 2010,Maputo, Moçambique.

19-24 September 2010 – H. Opgenoorth et al.: talks on“Cassini observations of ionospheric currents at Titan”,“Mars Upper Atmosphere Network”, “Global Conductiv-ity Distributions in the Martian ionosphere”, “Solar windconditions during the Mars Express Upper Atmospherecampaign March 2010”, European Planetary Science Congress 2010, Rome, Italy.

28 September 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Cryospheric contri-bution to sea-level rise, University of Lund, Sweden.

28 September 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Spaceship Earth,CCSAR, Beijing, China.

Listed are activities in which ISSI staff scientists participated between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011.This includes presentations given, meetings attended, honors received, and chairmanships held.

29 September 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Keynote Speech,read by A. Balogh, at the 20th Cluster Workshop: “Understanding the Solar Wind – magnetosphere inter-action at multiple scale with Cluster, Themis and DoubleStar, 27 September – 1 October 2010, Corfu, Greece.

30 September 2010 – M. Falanga: XSS J12270-4859 thefirst low mass X-ray binary gamma ray source system?, 8th

INTEGRAL Workshop: The restless Gamma-Ray Universe,Dublin, Ireland.

1 October 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Cryospheric contributionto sea-level rise, SMHI, Norrköping, Sweden.

5 October 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Dynamisk och fysisk mod-ellering av jordens klimatsystem, IVA (Swedish EngineeringAcademy), Stockholm, Sweden.

14 October 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Observation of Interact-ing Coronal Holes and Active Regions in January, 2008and the Resulting Effects on the Solar Wind Flow, FourthHinode Science Meeting, Palermo, Italy.

15 October 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Science et ExplorationSpatiale: Grandes questions d’Avenir”, Discours de Récep-tion Dr. Honoris Causa Université de Liège, Belgium.

28 October 2010 – J. Geiss: Ulysses -The Solar Polar Mis-sion, Invited talk at the Farewell Symposium for AndréBalogh, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland.

28 October 2010 – R. von Steiger: “Composition and themagnetic field”, Invited talk at the Farewell Symposiumfor André Balogh, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland.

5 November 2010 – J.L. Culhane: The Hinode Mission:Solar Physics from Surface through Atmosphere to theNear-Earth Environment, ISSI Board of Trustees Meeting,Bern, Switzerland.

8 November 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Space Science andExploration, Challenges and Perspectives”, OpeningSpeech, US National Academy SSB Workshop “Sharingthe Adventure with the Public: The Value and Excitementof Grand Questions of Space And Exploration”, 8-10 November 2010, Irvine, USA.

10 November 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Conditions and rulesof Conduct for Humanity to continue Surviving on Earth”,US National Academy SSB Workshop “Sharing the Adven-ture with the Public: The Value and Excitement of GrandQuestions of Space And Exploration”, 8-10 November2010, Irvine, USA.

11 November 2010 – M. Falanga: “Wie schwarz sindschwarze Löcher?”, Pro ISSI Talk, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland.

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13 November 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: “L’Univers mis à plat,20 ans après Hubble, un an après Herschel et Planck”,Conférence grand public, Rencontre du Ciel et de l’Espace, Universcience, 12-14 November 2010, Paris, France.

26 November 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Kolets kretslopp I denglobala energiförsörjningen, vilka är konsekvenserna?,Ångström Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Sweden.

2 December 2010 – R. von Steiger: The solar wind in 4π,Forum SPORT, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland.

14 December 2010 – S. Koumoutsaris, L. Bengtsson andL. Pozzoli: Examination of the Earth’s radiation budgetusing satellite observations and modeling data, AGU FallMeeting, San Francisco, USA.

17 December 2010 – S. Perri and A. Balogh: Solar windcross-helicity and residual energy during different solar cycles, Poster Presentation, AGU Fall meeting, San Francisco, USA.

13-17 December 2010 – R. von Steiger: “Oxygen flux inthe solar wind – Ulysses Observations”, AGU Fall meeting,San Francisco, USA.

16 January 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Autonomy and De-pendence in Space Sciences”, Conference on EuropeanAutonomy in Space, European Space Policy Institute(ESPI), 16-18 January 2011, Vienna, Austria.

8 February 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Great Challenges forSpace Sciences in the 21st Century”, Conference 100th An-niversary of Academician N.V. Keldysh, Russian Academyof Sciences, 6-11 February 2011, Moscow, Russia.

8 February 2011 – M. Falanga: What Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts can tell us about Neutron Stars, IXO HTRS conference, Champéry, Switzerland.

2 April 2011 – L. Bengtsson: Retreating glaciers. A robustclimate signal?, Vatican Academy, Vatican.

4 April 2011 – R. von Steiger: Eine Bilderreise durchs Uni-versum, Presentation at the Lions Club Bern Grauholz,Schönbühl, Switzerland.

8 April 2011 – H. Opgenoorth et al.: Mars Ionospheric andMagnetospheric Response to Solar Wind Variability, European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2011, Vienna, Austria.

3 May 2011 – L. Bengtsson: Den svenska klimatdebattenhar blivit överpolitiserad och vetenskapen riskerar atthamna i off-side, Stockholm, Sweden.

4 May 2011 – J.L. Culhane: Interacting Active Regions andCoronal Holes: Implications for Coronal Outflows and

Solar Wind Structure, Living with a Star/Solar DynamicsObservatory Workshop – the Many Spectra of Solar Activity, Squaw Valley, California, USA.

10 May 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Future of Human SpaceFlight”, CSSAR, Beijing, China.

13 May 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Living Planet, for howlong?”, IHEP, Beijing, China.

31 May 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “Observer le Soleil pourcomprendre notre climat”, Cycle de conférences,Académie de l’Air et de l’Espace, Toulouse, France.

13 June 2011 – L. Bengtsson: The global Energy Problemand potential consequences for Climate, Ångström Lab-oratory, University of Uppsala, Sweden.

15 June 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: “How we started withGiotto”, 25 Years of Cometary Science at ESA, ESOC,Darmstadt, Germany.

Meetings

7-8 July 2010 – J.L. Culhane: 40th European Space Science Committee Plenary Meeting, Frascati, Italy.

16-25 July 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: President of the 38th

COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2010, Bremen, Germany.

18-25 July 2010 – R. von Steiger: the 38th Scientific Assembly of Cospar, Bremen, Germany.

27 July - 5 August 2010 – S. Koumoutsaris: SummerSchool Alpbach “New space missions for understandingclimate change”, Science Tutor, Alpbach, Austria.

3-6 August 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Chair of the Jury, Summer School Alpbach 2010, “New Space Missions forUnderstanding Climate Change”, Alpbach, Austria.

10-19 September 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Co-organizerCPLP – First Conference of the Physics Community ofCountries of Portuguese Language, Maputo, Moçam-bique.

13-15 September 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Solar Plasma Spectroscopy, Achievements and Future Challenges, Cambridge, UK.

13-17 September 2010 – S. Perri: Participation to the ISSITeam Meeting “Dispersive cascade and dissipation in col-lisionless space plasma turbulence – Observations andsimulations”, Team Leader E. Yordanova, InternationalSpace Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland.

19-24 September 2010 – H. Opgenoorth: European Plan-etary Science Congress 2010, Rome, Italy.

Staff Activities

22-23 September 2010 – M. Falanga: Europlanet AnnualGeneral Assembly and Board meeting, Rome, Italy.

27-30 September 2010 – M. Falanga: 8th INTEGRAL Work-shop: The restless Gamma-Ray Universe, Dublin, Ireland.

11-15 October 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Fourth Hinode Science Meeting, Palermo, Italy.

20-23 October 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Board of TrusteesMeeting Associated Universities Inc., Socorro, USA.

7-11 November 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Keynote speakerat “Sharing the Adventure with the Public. The value andexcitement of Grand Questions of Space and Explo-ration”, Space Studies Board Workshop, Irvine, USA.

18-19 November 2010 – L. Bengtsson: Scientific AdvisoryBoard Meeting of the Nansen Centre (NERSC), Bergen,Sweden.

22 November 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: First ProgrammeCommittee Meeting Summer School Alpbach 2011, Vienna, Austria.

30 November - 1 December 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Forumon Future Out-of-Ecliptic and In-situ Observations of theSun, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland.

9 December 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Meeting with StateSecretary M. Dell’Ambrogio and D. Neuenschwander,Head of SSO, Bern, Switzerland.

13-17 December 2010 – A: Balogh, S. Koumoutsaris, S. Perri, R. von Steiger: Participation to AGU Fall meeting,San Francisco, USA.

10-14 January 2011 – S. Koumoutsaris: Observing andModeling Earth’s Energy Flows, ISSI Workshop, Bern,Switzerland.

16-21 January 2011 – H. Opgenoorth: Earth-Sun SystemExploration Variability in Space Plasma Phenomena, Kona,Hawaii, USA.

24-26 January 2011 – J.L. Culhane: First IAA Conferenceon University Satellite Missions, Rome, Italy.

25 January 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Second ProgrammeCommittee Meeting Summer School Alpbach 2011, Vienna, Austria.

7-11 February 2011 – M. Falanga: International Astro-physics Conference, Fast X-ray timing and spectroscopyat extreme count rates, Champéry, Switzerland.

16-19 February 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Board of TrusteesMeeting Associated Universities Inc., Washington, USA.

2-5 March 2011 – J.L. Culhane: Hinode EUV ImagingSpectrometer (EIS) Science Team Meeting, George MasonUniversity, Washington DC, USA.

15-17 March 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Chairman of the Review Board: Evaluation of the Helmholtz Alliance onPlanetary Evolution at DLR, Berlin, Germany.

21-23 March 2011 – R. von Steiger: Cospar Science Advisory Committee and the Cospar 2010 Programme Committee, Paris, France.

22-24 March 2011 – M. Falanga: The Sentinel PotentialScience Products Assessment & Consolidation Workshop,ESRIN, Frascati, Italy.

24 March 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Conseil d’Administration,Institut Français d’Histoire de l’Espace, Paris, France.

2-4 April 2011 – L. Bengtsson: Workshop on Fate ofMountain Glaciers in the Anthropocene, Vatican Aca-demy, Vatican.

8-9 April 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Concluding the Collo-quium “L’Océan et le Climat vers l’Espace”, COSPAR etUniverscience organizers, Paris, France.

26-27 April 2011 – J.L. Culhane: ESA Solar Orbiter Payload Review Panel, ESTEC, the Netherlands.

1-5 May 2011 – J.L. Culhane: Living with a Star/Solar Dynamics Observatory Workshop – the Many Spectra ofSolar Activity, Squaw Valley, California, USA.

4 May 2011 – L. Bengtsson: Commission Meeting, theEnergy Committee at The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.

7 May 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Participation in the launchof the first sounding rocket of the Chinese Meridian Project, CSSAR, Hainan, China.

8 May 2011 – R. von Steiger: Editorial Committee ofSpace Science Reviews, Vienna, Austria.

16-20 May 2011 – J.L. Culhane and P. Zacharias: ParticleAcceleration in Cosmic Plasmas Workshop, ISSI, Bern,Switzerland.

25-27 May 2011 – L. Bengtsson: Committee Meeting ofthe Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm,Sweden.

16 June 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: Conseil d’Administration,Institut Français d’Histoire de l’Espace, Paris, France.


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16 June 2011 – S. Koumoutsaris: National InformationDay GMES and Space Foundation, EPFL, Lausanne,Switzerland.

29 June - 1 July 2011 – J.L. Culhane: Leverhulme Work-shop, Probing the Sun – Inside and Out, Mullard SpaceScience Laboratory, Dorking, UK.

Teaching

6-10 September 2010 – J.L. Culhane: Space – based Observations: Techniques, Instruments and Missions forthe Sun-Earth System, Course taught at the STFC Intro-ductory Summer School in Solar System Physics.

Honors

26 September - 2 October 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Friend-ship Award Chinese State and Administration of ForeignAffairs, Beijing, China.

16 October 2010 – R.-M. Bonnet: Docteur Honoris CausaUniversité de Liège, Belgium.

13-16 January 2011 – R.-M. Bonnet: International Scienceand Technology Award of the People’s Republic of Chinaby the National Office for Science and Technology, Beijing,China.

27 January 2011 – R. von Steiger: Science Communica-tions Award of the Swiss Society for Cell Biology, Molec-ular Biology And Genetics, (together with DanielSchümperli and Lukas Frey).

Chairman- and Memberships

L. Bengtsson:Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Committee of theNansen Centre (NERSC), Bergen, Sweden. Chairman of the Italian Climate Program Advisory Committee.Member of the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research.Member of the Energy Committee at the Royal SwedishAcademy of Sciences.

R.-M. Bonnet:Chairman of the Review Board for the Evaluation of theHelmholtz Alliance on Planetary Evolution, Germany.Vice President, Institut Français d’Histoire et de l’Espace,France.

J.L. Culhane:Fellow of the UK Royal Society.Chairman of the ESA Solar Orbiter Payload Review Committee. Chairman of the UK Space Action Network.Member of the UK Space Agency Science ProgrammeAdvisory Committee.Member of the Editorial Board of Space Policy.

M. Falanga:Member of INTEGRAL Users Group (IUG) from 2010-2012, ESA.Member of the Editorial Board for Advances in AstronomyJournal.Member of the Editorial Board for Astronomy StudiesDevelopment Journal.Member of the LOFT Science Working Group “DenseMatter”.Member of the science organizing Committee, INTEGRALInternational Astrophysics Conference, “The Extreme andVariable High Energy Sky", Chia, Italy.

H. Opgenoorth:Chairman of Europlanet User and Associates AdvisoryBoard UAABMember of Europlanet Strategic Advisory Board, SAB.Member of Panel for the evaluation of the Space ResearchCenter, SRC, University of Leicester, UK.

R. von Steiger:Full Member of the International Academy of Astronautics(IAA), Paris, France.

The first sounding rocket of the Chinese Meridian Projectlaunched in Hainan on May 7th, 2011. (Image Credit:CSSRA, CAS, Image Mu Chunlei)

Staff Publications

Ågren, K., D.J. Andrews, A.J. Coates, S.W.H. Cowley, M.Dougherty, N.J.T. Edberg, P. Garnier, G.R. Lewis, R. Mod-olo, H. Opgenoorth, G. Provan, L. Rosenqvist, D.L. Talboys,J.-E. Wahlund, A. Wellbrock, Detection of currents and as-sociated electric fields in Titan's ionosphere from Cassinidata, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04313, 2011.

Bengtsson, L., et al., On the Evaluation of TemperatureTrends in the Tropical Troposphere, Clim. Dyn., in press,2010.

Bengtsson, L., S. Koumoutsaris, K. Hodges, Large-scalesurface mass balance from a comprehensive atmosphericmodel, Surveys in Geophysics, doi: 10.1007/s10712-011-9120-8, 2011.

Bengtsson, L., K. Hodges, S. Koumoutsaris, M. Zahn, N.Keenlyside, On the atmospheric water cycle of the polarregions, Tellus, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00534.x,2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., The Role of Space Science in the under-standing of the physics and evolution of our Universe, Pro-ceedings of First Conference on Physics of the Portuguesespeaking countries, Maputo, 13-18 September 2011, inpress, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., in “Des Cieux et des Dieux, Les Pharaonset l’Au-Delà”, A. Maucherat, Preface, ISBN 978-2-915097-24-5, Actilia Multimedia, 7-8, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., in “Fifty Years on the Space Frontier: HaloOrbits, Comets, Asteroids, and More”, R.W. Farquhar,Foreword, ISBN 978-1-4327-5927-8, Outskirts Press, iii-v,2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., in “L’Exploration Spatiale. Au Carrefour dela science et de la politique”, by A. Ammar-Israël and J.L.Fellous, Avant propos, CNRS Editions, in press, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., “International Cooperation in Space andChina”, International Talent, May 2011, 60-61, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., Spaceship Earth, SPATIUM No. 26, May2011, Pro ISSI, 1-24, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., and M. Pinheiro, First Conference onPhysics of the Portuguese speaking Countries (CPLP),Space Res. Today, 181, 40-43, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., A ninety years success story, Special Issue"Kees de Jager", ZENIT July/August 2011, Stichting "deKoepel", Utrecht, the Netherlands, 362-365, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., Autonomy and Dependence in Space Sciences, ESPI Conference: European Autonomy in Space,17-18 January 2011, Vienna, in press, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M. and J. Bleeker, A Dark Age for Space As-tronomy?, Science, 333, 161-162, 2011.

Bonnet, R.-M., From F.J.W. Struve to James Webb, Recep-tion speech of Struve Award, 5 July 2011, EAS Newsletter,December 2011, in press, 2011.

Bozzo, E., A. Giunta, G. Cusumano, C. Ferrigno, R. Walter,S. Campana, M. Falanga, G. Israel, L. Stella, XMM-New-ton observations of IGR J18410-0535: the ingestion of aclump by a supergiant fast X-ray transient, Astron. Astro-phys., 531, 130, 2011.

Bozzo, E., C. Ferrigno, M. Falanga, R. Walter, INTEGRALand Swift observations of IGR J19294+1816 in outburst,Astron. Astrophys., 531, 65, 2011.

Bozzo, E., C. Ferrigno, J.C. Leyder, L. Stella, G. Israel, A.Giunta, M. Falanga, S. Campana, XMM-Newton observa-tions of the supergiant fast X-ray transients XTEJ1739-302, IGRJ08408-4503 and IGRJ18410-0535, Proc. ofScience, in press, 2011.

Chenevez, J., D. Altamirano, D.K. Galloway, J.J.M. in'tZand, E. Kuulkers, N. Degenaar, M. Falanga, et al., Puz-zling thermonuclear burst behaviour from the transientlow-mass X-ray binary IGR J17473-2721, MNRAS, 410,179, 2011.

Chenevez, J., M. Falanga, et al., A photospheric radius-expansion burst observed from XTE J1701-407 by INTE-GRAL: an update on distance, Astro. Tel., 2814, 2010.

Culhane, J.L., D. Baker, A. Rouillard, L. van Driel-Gesztelyi,Interacting active regions and coronal holes: implicationsfor coronal outflows and solar wind structure, 38thCOSPAR Scientific Assembly, 38, 1863, 2010.

Culhane, J.L., X-ray astronomy: energies from 0.1 keV to100 keV, In: Huber, M.C.E., A. Pauluhn, J.L. Culhane, J.G.Timothy, K. Wilhelm, and A. Zehnder (eds.), ObservingPhotons in Space, ISSI Scientific Reports Series, ESA/ISSI,ISBN 978-92-9221-938-8, 73-88, 2010.

de Martino, D., M. Falanga, et al.,The intriguing nature ofthe high-energy gamma ray source XSS J12270-4859, Astron. Astrophys., 515, 25, 2010.

Edberg, N.J.T., H. Nilsson, Y. Futaana, G. Stenberg, M.Lester, S.W.H. Cowley, J.G. Luhmann, T.R. McEnulty, H.J.Opgenoorth, A. Fedorov, S. Barabash, and T.L. Zhang, Atmospheric erosion of Venus during stormy spaceweather, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2011.

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSIstaff that were submitted or that appeared between1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011.

Falanga, M., L. Kuiper, J. Poutanen, D.K. Galloway, E.W.Bonning, E. Bozzo, A. Goldwurm, W. Hermsen, L. Stella,Astron. Astrophys., 529, 68, 2011.

Falanga, M., E. Bozzo, R. Walter, G.E. Sarty, L. Stella,Searching for Orbital Periods of Supergiant Fast X-rayTransients, JAVSO, 39, 110, 2011.

Ferrigno, C., M. Falanga, E. Bozzo, P.A. Becker, D.Klochkov, A. Santangelo, 4U 0115+63: phase lags and cy-clotron resonant scattering, Astron. Astrophys., in press,2011.

Flury, T., K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, D.L. Wu: Enhancementsof gravity wave amplitudes at midlatitudes during suddenstratospheric warmings in 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis-cuss., 10, 29971-29995, 2010.

Hara, H., T. Watanabe, L.K. Harra, J.L. Culhane, P.R.Young, Plasma motions and heating by magnetic recon-nection in the 2007 May 19 flare, Astrophys. J., submit-ted, 2011.

Huber, M.C.E., A. Pauluhn, J.L. Culhane, J.G. Timothy, K.Wilhelm, A. Zehnder (eds.), Observing Photons in Space,ISSI Scientific Reports Series, ISBN 978-92-9221-938-8,2010.

Kortha, H., B.J. Anderson, T.H. Zurbuchen, J.A. Slavin, S.Perri, S.A. Boardsen, D.N. Baker, S.C. Solomon, R.L. Mc-Nutt Jr., The interplanetary magnetic field environment atMercury's orbit, Planet. Space Sci., in press, 2011.

Mattana, F., R. Terrier, D. Götz, G. Ponti, L. Bouchet, M.Falanga, M. Renaud, S. Schanne, Extended hard X-rayemission from Vela X, Astrophysics and Space Science Pro-ceedings, 431-434, 2011.

Perri, S., V. Carbone, E. Yordanova, R. Bruno, and A.Balogh, Scaling law of the reduced magnetic helicity infast streams, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 575-579, 2011.

Perri, S., G. Zimbardo, and A. Greco, On the energizationof protons interacting with 3-D time-dependent electro-magnetic fields in the Earth's magnetotail, J. Geophys.Res., 116, A05221, 2011.

Perri, S., V. Carbone, and P. Veltri, Where does fluid-liketurbulence break down in the solar wind?, Astrophys. J.Lett., 725, L52-L55, 2010.

Perri, S., and A. Balogh, Differences in the solar windcross-helicity and residual energy during the last two solarminima, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L17102, 2010.

Petrosyan, A., A. Balogh, M.L. Goldstein, J. Léorat, E.Marsch, K. Petrovay, B. Roberts, R. von Steiger, J.C. Vial,

Turbulence in the solar atmosphere and solar wind, SpaceSci. Rev, 156, 1-4, 135-238, 2010.

Pondrelli, M., A.P. Rossi, G.G. Ori, S. van Gasselt, D. Praeg,S. Ceramicola, Mud volcanoes in Mars Geologic Record:the case of Firsoff Crater, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 304, 3-4, 15 April 2011, 511, 2011.

Pondrelli, M., A.P. Rossi, T. Platz, A. Ivanov, L. Marinangeli,A. Baliva, Geological, Geomorphological, Facies and Al-lostratigraphic Maps of the Eberswalde Fan Delta, Planet.Space Sci., in press, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.10.009, 2010.

Reiss, D., J. Raack, A.P. Rossi, G. Di Achille, and H.Hiesinger, First in-situ analysis of dust devil tracks on Earthand their comparison with tracks on Mars, Geophys. Res.Lett., 37, L14203, 2010.

Rossi, A.P., et al., Evolution of periglacial landforms in theancient mountain range of Thaumasia highlands, Mars,in “Gemorphology of Mars and other planets”, Geologi-cal Society of London Special Publication, 356, 69-85,2011.

von Steiger, R., T.H. Zurbuchen, D.J. McComas, Oxygenflux in the solar wind: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res.Lett., 37, L22101, 2010.

von Steiger, R., T. Zurbuchen, Polar coronal holes duringthe past solar cycle: Ulysses observations, J. Geophys. Res.,116, A01105, 2011.

Wilkinson, D., S. Koumoutsaris, E. Mitchell, I. Bey, Mod-elling the effect of size on the aerial dispersal of microor-ganisms, J. of Biogeography, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02569.x, 2011.

Yordanova, E., S. Perri, and V. Carbone, Reduced magnetichelicity behavior in different plasma regions of near-Earthspace, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2011.

Zimbardo, G., A. Greco, L. Sorriso-Valvo, S. Perri, Z. Vörös,G. Aburjania, K. Chargazia, and O. Alexandrova, Mag-netic turbulence in the Geospace environment, Space Sci.Rev., 156, 89-134, 2010.

Zacharias, P., H. Peter and S. Bingert, Investigation of massflows in the transition region and corona in a three-di-mensional numerical model approach, Astron. Astrophys.,531, A97, 2011.

Zacharias, P., H. Peter and S. Bingert, Ejection of coolplasma into the hot corona, Astron. Astrophys., in press,2011.

Zurbuchen, T.H., R. von Steiger, J. Gruesbeck, What arethe sources of the slow solar wind?, Space Sci. Rev., sub-mitted, 2011.


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Visitor Publications

Listed are all papers written or co-authored by ISSIvisitors, with acknowledgement to ISSI, that ap pearedor were accepted for publication in refereed journalsbetween 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011.

Afram, N., Y.C. Unruh, S.K. Solanki, M. Schüssler, A. Lagg,A. Vögler, Intensity contrast from MHD simulations andHINODE observations, Astron. Astrophys., 526, A120,2011.

Badman, S.V., N. Achilleos, K.H. Baines, R.H. Brown, E.J.Bunce, M.K. Dougherty, H. Melin, J.D. Nichols, and T. Stal-lard, Location of Saturn's northern infrared aurora deter-mined from Cassini VIMS images, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,2011.

Ball, W.T., Y.C. Unruh, N.A. Krivova, S. Solanki, J.W.Harder, Solar irradiance variability: a six-year comparisonbetween SORCE observations and the SATIRE model, As-tron. Astrophys., 530, A71, 2011.

Ballot, J., C. Barban and C. Van’t Veer-Menneret, Visibili-ties and bolometric corrections for stellar oscillationmodes observed by Kepler, Astron. Astrophys., 531,A124, 2011.

Ballot, J., L. Gizon, R. Samadi, et al., Accurate p-modemeasurements of the G0V metal-rich CoRoT target HD52265, Astron. Astrophys., 530, A97, 2011.

Banks, M.E., et al., Crater Population and Resurfacing ofthe Martian North Polar Layered Deposits, J. Geophys.Res., 115, E08006, 11, 2010.

Barrow, D., K.I. Matcheva, Impact of atmospheric gravitywaves on the jovian ionosphere, Icarus, 211, 609-622, 2011.

Battaglia, M., E.P. Kontar, I.G. Hannah, The influence ofalbedo on the size of hard X-ray flare sources, Astron. As-trophys., 526, A3, 2011.

Baumjohann, W., R. Nakamura, R.A. Treumann, Magneticguide field generation in collisionless current sheets, Ann.Geophys., 28, 789-793, 2010.

Berlicki, A., S. Gunar, P. Heinzel, B. Schmieder and P.Schwartz, 2D radiative-magnetohydrostatic model of aprominence observed by Hinode, SOHO/SUMER andMeudon/MSDP, Astron. Astrophys., 530, A143, 2011.

Bian, N.H., E.P. Kontar, J.C. Brown, Parallel electric fieldgeneration by Alfven wave turbulence, Astron. Astrophys.,519, A114 2010.

Björnsson, C.-I., Multiple Inverse Compton Scatterings andthe Blazar Sequence, Astrophys. J., 723, 417-424, 2010.

Blanc, E., Space observations of Transient Luminous Eventsand associated emissions in the upper atmosphere abovethunderstorm areas, The atmosphere observed fromspace, C. R. Geosci., 342, 312–322, 2010.

Bonfond, B., M.F. Vogt, J.-C. Gérard, D. Grodent, A. Ra-dioti, and V. Coumans, Quasi-periodic polar flares atJupiter: A signature of pulsed dayside reconnections?,Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02104, 2011.

Brecht, S.H., S.A. Ledvina, Control of ion loss from Marsduring solar minimum, Earth, Planets and Space, Specialissue, 5th Alfvén Conference on Plasma interaction withNon-Magnetized Planets/Moons and it influence on Plan-etary evolution, in press, 2011.

Bykov, A.M., R. Treumann, Fundamentals of collisionlessshocks for astrophysical application, 2. Relativistic shocks,Astron. Astrophys. Rev., 19, 42, 2011.

Calisto, M., I. Usoskin, E. Rozanov, and T. Peter, Influenceof Galactic, Cosmic Rays on atmospheric composition anddynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4547–4556, 2011.

Cellino, A., et al., A new three-parameter H, G1, G2 mag-nitude phase function for asteroids, Proc. of the ELS'XIIIConference, University of Helsinki, University Print, 22,2010.

Chandra, R., B. Schmieder, C.H. Mandrini, P. Démoulin, E.Pariat, T. Török, G. Aulanier, W. Uddin, M.G. Linton, Studyof Solar Flares and Filament Interaction in NOAA 10501on 20 November 2003, Bull. Astr. Soc. India, in press, 2011.

Chandra, R., B. Schmieder, C.H. Mandrini, P. Démoulin, E.Pariat, T. Török, W. Uddin, Homologous Flares and Mag-netic Field Topology in Active Region NOAA 10501 on 20November 2003, Sol. Phys., in press, 2011.

Chaplin, W.J., H. Kjeldsen, T.R. Bedding, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard et al., Predicting the Detectability of Oscillationsin Solar-Type Stars Observed by Kepler, Astrophys. J., 732,54, 2011.

Chaplin, W.J., T.R. Bedding, A. Bonanno, A.-M. Broomhallet al., Evidence for the Impact of Stellar Activity on theDetectability of Solar-Like Oscillations Observed by Kepler,Astrophys. J. Lett., 732, L5, 2011.

Chau, J.L., N.A. Aponte, E. Cabassa, M.P. Sulzer, L.P. Gon-charenko, S.A. González, Quiet time ionospheric variabil-ity over Arecibovduring sudden stratospheric warmingevents, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00G06, 2010.

Comisel, H., M. Scholer, J. Soucek, and S. Matsukiyo, Non-stationarity of the quasi-perpendicular bow shock: Com-parison between Cluster observations and simulations,Ann. Geophysicae, 29, 2, 263-274, 2011.

Cowee, M.M., S.P. Gary, H.Y. Wei, R.L. Tokar, and C.T. Rus-sell, An explanation for the lack of ion cyclotron wavegeneration by pickup ions at Titan: 1-D hybrid simulationresults, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A10224, 2010.

Criscuoli, S., et al., Radiative emission of solar features in CaII K, Proc. of the 25th NSO Workshop: Chromospheric Struc-ture and Dynamics, Mem. S.A.It., in press, 2010.

de Urquijo, J., F.J. Gordillo-Vazquez., Comment on "NO(x)production in laboratory discharges simulating blue jetsand red sprites" by Harold Peterson et al., J. Geophys.Res., 115, A12319, 2010.

De Wachter, E. et al., The Seoul Vapour Radiometer forthe Middle Atmosphere; Calibration, Retrieval and Valida-tion, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49, 3, 1052, 2011.

Deliberty, T.D., C.A. Geiger, S.F. Ackley, A.P. Worby, M.VanWoert, Estimating the annual cycle of sea ice thicknessand volume in the Ross Sea, Deep Sea Research, 58, 9-10, 1250-1260, 2011.

Delva, M., C. Mazelle, C. Bertucci, M. Volwerk, Z. Vörös,and T.L. Zhang, Proton cyclotron wave generation mech-anisms upstream of Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 116,A02318, 2011.

Diaz, A.J., R. Oliver, and J.L. Ballester, Prominence ThreadSeismology Using the P1/2P2 Ratio, Astrophys. J., 725,1742–1748, 2010.

Divin, A., S. Markidis, G. Lapenta, V.S. Semenov, N.V.Erkaev, H.K. Biernat, Model of electron pressureanisotropy in the electron diffusion region of collisionlessmagnetic reconnection, Physics of Plasmas, 17, 12,122102-122102, 2010.

Dove, J.B., S.E. Gibson, L.A. Rachmeler, S. Tomczyk, andP. Judge, Coronal magnometry: Observational signaturesof magnetic flux ropes, Astrophys. J. Lett., 731, 1, 2011.

Dresing, N., R. Gómez-Herrero, B. Heber, R. Müller-Mellin,R. Wimmer-Schweingruber, A. Klassen, Multi-spacecraftObservations of CIR-Associated Ion Increases During theUlysses 2007 Ecliptic Crossing, Sol. Phys., 256, 409-425,2009.

Dudok de Wit, T., Extracting individual contributions fromtheir mixture: a blind source separation approach, Contri-butions to Plasma Physics, 51, 143-151, 2011.

Dunlop, M.W., R. Bingham, S. Chapman, P. Escoubet, Q.-H. Zhang, C. Shen, J-K Shi, Z-Y. Pu, J. de-Keyser, R. Trines,S. Schwartz, Z.-X. Liu, Use of multi-point analysis andmodelling to address cross-scale coupling in space plas-mas: lessons from Cluster, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 7, 630-63, 8, 2011.

Dunlop, M.W., Q.-H. Zhang, Y.V. Bogdanova, M. Lock-wood, Z. Pu, H. Hasegawa, J. Wang, M.G.G.T. Taylor, J.Berchem, D. Constantinescu, B. Lavraud, M. Volwerk, H.Frey, A.N. Fazakerley, C. Shen, J.-K. Shi, D. Sibeck, P. Es-coubet, J. Eastwood, J. Wild, Extended magnetic recon-nection across the dayside magnetopause, Phys. Rev. Lett.,107, 025004, 2011.

Dunlop, M.W., Themis-Double Star-Cluster observationsof reconnection and dynamics across the dayside magne-topause, URSI, in press, 2011.

Edberg, N.J.T., J.-E. Wahlund, K. Ågren, M.W. Morooka,R. Modolo, C. Bertucci, and M.K. Dougherty, Electrondensity and temperature measurements in the coldplasma environment of Titan – implication for atmos-pheric escape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20105, 2010.

Ermolli, I., S. Criscuoli, H. Uitenbroek, F. Giorgi, M.P. Rast,S.K. Solanki, Radiative emission of solar features in the CaII K line: comparison of measurements and models, As-tron. Astrophys., 523, A55, 2010.

Escapa, A., Corrections stemming from the non-osculat-ing character of the Andoyer variables used in the descrip-tion of rotation of the elastic Earth, Celest. Mech. Dyn.Astr., 110, 99-142, 2011.

Ezoe, Y., K. Ishikawa, T. Ohashi, N.Y. Yamasaki, K. Mit-suda, R. Fujimoto, Y. Miyoshi, N. Terada, Y. Uchiyama, andY. Futaana, Solar system planets observed with Suzaku,Adv. Space Res., 47, 3, 411-418, 2011.

Fahr, H.J., I.V. Chashei, and D. Verscharen, Injection to thepick-up ion regime from high energies and induced ionpower laws, Astron. Astrophys., 505, 329-337, 2009.

Fahr, H.J. and M. Siewert, Ion passage over the solar windtermination shock under conservation of particle invari-ants in view of Voyager-2 observations, ASTRA, 7, 1-8,2010.

Fahr, H.J. and M. Siewert, Isotropic ion distributions trig-gered by consecutive solar wind bulk velocity jumps: anew equilibrium state, Astron. Astrophys., 527, A125,2011.

Fahr, H.J., M. Siewert, D. J. McComas, N. Schwadron, Theinner heliospheric source for keV -energetic IBEX ENAs:The anomalous cosmic ray-induced component, Astron.Astrophys., in press, 2011.

Farges, T., and E. Blanc, Characteristics of infrasound fromlightning and sprites near thunderstorm areas, J. Geophys.Res., 115, A00E31, 2010.

Fischer, G., D.A. Gurnett, P. Zarka, L. Moore, and U.A.Dyudina, Peak electron densities in Saturn’s ionosphere

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derived from the low-frequency cutoff of Saturn lightning,J. Geophys. Res., 116, A04315, 2011.

Fisk, L.A., G. Gloeckler, and N.A. Schwadron, On theoriesfor stochastic acceleration in the solar wind, Astrophys.J., 720, 1, 533-540, 2010.

Fletcher, S.T., A.-M. Broomhall, W.J. Chaplin, Y. Elsworth,S. Hekker, R. New, The OCTAVE automated pipeline forextracting individual mode parameters of solar-like oscil-lations in main-sequence stars, 413, 1, 359-366, 2011.

Frey, H.U., O. Amm, C.C. Chaston, S. Fu, G. Haerendel,L. Juusola, T. Karlsson, B. Lanchester, R. Nakamura, N. Ost-gaard, T. Sakanoi, E. Seran, D. Whiter, J. Weygand, K.Asamura, and M. Hirahara, Small and Meso-Scale Prop-erties of a Substorm Onset Auroral Arc, J. Geophys. Res.,115, A10209, 20, 2010.

Fullekrug, M., C. Hanuise, M. Parrot, Experimental simu-lation of satellite observations of 100 kHz radio wavesfrom relativistic electron beams above thunderstorms,Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1-7, 2011.

Gai, N., S. Basu, W.J. Chaplin and Y. Elsworth, An In-Depth Study of Grid-Based Asteroseismic Analysis, Astro-phys. J., 730, 63, 2011.

Galand, M., L. Moore, I. Müller-Wodarg, M. Mendillo, andS. Miller, Response of Saturn’s auroral ionosphere to elec-tron precipitation: electron density, electron temperature,and electrical conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., in press,2011.

Gloeckler, G. and L.A. Fisk, Proton velocity distributions inthe inner heliosheath derived from energetic hydrogenatoms measured with Cassini and IBEX, in Pickup IonsThroughout the Heliosphere and Beyond, AIP ConferenceProc. 1302, American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY,110-116, 2010.

Gibson, S.E., T.A. Kucera, D. Rastawicki, J. Dove, G. deToma, J. Hao, S. Hill, H.S. Hudson, C. Marque, P.S. McIn-tosh, L. Rachmeler, K.K. Reeves, B. Schmieder, D.J. Schmit,D.B. Seaton, A.C. Sterling, D. Tripathi, D.R. Williams, M.Zhang, Three-dimensional morphology of a coronalprominence cavity, 724, 1133, Astrophys. J., 2010.

Goncharenko, L.P., A.J. Coster, J.L. Chau, C.E. Valladares,Impact of sudden stratospheric warmings on equatorialionization anomaly, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00G07, 2010.

Gordillo-Vazquez, F.J., A. Luque, Electrical conductivity insprite streamer channels, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L16809,2010.

Gruesbeck, J.R., S.T. Lepri, T.H. Zurbuchen, and S.K. Anti-ochos, Constraints on Coronal Mass Ejection Evolution

from In Situ Observations of Ionic Charge States, Astro-phys. J., 730, 103, 2011.

Guenther, E.W., J. Cabrera, A. Erikson, M. Fridlund, H.Lammer, A. Mura, H. Rauer, J. Schneider, M. Tulej, Ph. vonParis, P. Wurz, Constraints on the exosphere of CoRoT-7b,Astron. Astrophys., 525, 2010.

Gunár, S., P. Heinzel and U. Anzer, Synthetic differentialemission measure curves of prominence fine structures,Astron. Astrophys., 528, A47, 2011.

Hamza, A.M. and K. Meziane, On Turbulence in theQuasi-perpendicular Shock, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 7, 475-481, 2010.

Hartmann, W.K., C. Quantin, St. Werner, and O. Popova,Do young Martian ray craters have ages consistent withthe crater count system?, Icarus, 208, 621-635, 2010.

Hasegawa, H., J.P. McFadden, O.D. Constantinescu, Y.V.Bogdanova, J. Wang, M.W. Dunlop, V. Angelopoulos,H.U. Frey, T. Takada, B. Lavraud, Q.-H. Zhang, Z.Y. Pu, A.N.Fazakerley, E.V. Panov, M. Volwerk, C. Shen, and J.K. Shi,Boundary layer plasma flows from high-latitude reconnec-tion in the summer hemisphere for northward IMF:THEMIS multi-point observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36,L15107, 2009.

Hasegawa, H., J. Wang, M.W. Dunlop, Z.Y. Pu, Q.-H.Zhang, B. Lavraud, M.G.G.T. Taylor, O.D. Constantinescu,J. Berchem, V. Angelopoulos, J.P. McFadden, H.U. Frey, E.V. Panov, M. Volwerk and Y.V. Bogdanova, Evidence for aflux transfer event generated by multiple X-line recon-nection at the magnetopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,L16101, 6, 2010.

Hasegawa, H., Boundary layer plasma flows from high-latitude reconnection in the summer hemisphere fornorthward IMF: THEMIS multi-point observations, Geo-phys. Res. Letts., 36, L15107, 2009.

Heil, P., R. Massom, I. Allison, and A.P. Worby, Physical at-tribution of sea-ice kinematics during spring 2007 off EastAntarctica, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Tropical Studies inOceanography, 58, 9-10, 1158-1171, 2011.

Heinzel, P. and E.H. Avrett, Optical-to-Radio Continua inSolar Flares, Sol. Phys., in press, 2011.

Higgins, P.A., P.T. Gallagher, R.T.J. McAteera and D.S.Bloomfield, Solar magnetic feature detection and trackingfor space weather monitoring, Adv. Space Res., 47, 2105, 2011.

Hobara, Y., M. Balikhin, V. Krasnoselskikh, M. Gedalin, H.Yamagichi, Statistical study of the quasi-perpendicularshock ramp widths, J. of Geophys. Res., 115, A11,A11106, 2010.

Hocke, K., N. Kämpfer, C. Gerber, and C. Mätzler, A com-plete long-term series of integrated water vapour fromground-based microwave radiometers, Int. J. RemoteSensing, 32, 3, 10 February 2011, 751–765, 2011.

Hocke, K., N. Kämpfer, Hovmöller diagrams of climateanomalies in NCEP/NCAR reanalysis from 1948 to 2009,Climate Dyn., 36, 335-364, 2011.

Hoffmann, P., M. Rapp, W. Singer, and D. Keuer, Trendsof mesospheric gravity waves at middle latitudes duringsummer, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D00P08, 2011.

Hoffmann, P., E. Becker, W. Singer, M. Placke, Seasonalvariation of mesospheric waves at northern middle andhigh latitudes, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 72, 1068-1079,2010.

Hudson, H. et al., The EVE Doppler Sensitivity and FlareObservations, Sol. Phys., in press, 2011.

Hutchings, H.K., A. Roberts, C.A. Geiger, and J. Richter-Menge, Spatial and temporal characterisation of sea icedeformation, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 57, 360-368, 2011.

Innes, D.E., S.W. McIntosh, and A. Pietarila, STEREO quad-rature observations of coronal dimming at the onset ofmini-CMEs, Astron. Astrophys., 517, L 7, 2010.

Jackman, C., J. Slavin, and S. Cowley, Cassini observationsof plasmoid structure and dynamics: Implications for therole of magnetic reconnection in magnetospheric circula-tion at Saturn, Geophys. Res., in press, 2011.

Jovanovic, D., V. Krasnoselskikh, Kinetic theory for the ionhumps at the foot of the Earth’s bow shock, Phys. Plas.,16, 102902, 2009.

Kern, S., B. Ozsoy-Cicek, S. Willmes, M. Nicolaus, Ch.Haas, S. Ackley, An intercomparison between AMSR-Esnow depth and satellite C- and Ku-Band radar backscat-ter data for Antarctic sea ice, Annals of Glaciology, 52,57, 279, 2011.

Khotyaintsev, Y.V., C.M. Cully, A. Vaivads, M. André, C.J.Owen, Plasma Jet Braking: Energy Dissipation and Nona-diabatic Electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 106, 16, 165001,2011.

Khotyaintsev, Y.V., A. Vaivads, M. André, M. Fujimoto, A.Retino, C.J. Owen, Observations of Slow Electron Holesat a Magnetic Reconnection Site, Phys. Rev. Lett., 105,16, 165002, 2010.

Kitiashvili, I.N., A.G. Kosovichev, N.N. Mansour, A.A. Wray,Excitation of Acoustic Waves by Vortices in the Quiet Sun,Astrophys. J., 727, L50-L54, 2011.

Kitiashvili, I.N., A.G. Kosovichev, N.N. Mansour, A.A. Wray,Numerical MHD Simulations of Solar Magnetoconvectionand Oscillations in Inclined Magnetic Field Regions, Sol.Phys., 268, 2, 283-291, 2011.

Kitiashvili, I.N., A.G. Kosovichev, A.A. Wray, N.N. Mansour,Realistic MHD simulations of magnetic self-organizationin solar plasma, Proc. of IAU Symposium 274 "Advancesin Plasma Astrophysics", in press, 2010.

Kontigiannis, I., G. Tsiropoula, K. Tziotziou and M.K. Geor-goulis, Oscillations in a network region observed in theHalpha line and their relation to the magnetic field, Astron. Astrophys., 524, A12 , 2010.

Kontar, E.P., I.G. Hannah, N.H. Bian, Acceleration, Mag-netic Fluctuations, and Cross-field Transport of EnergeticElectrons in a Solar Flare Loop, Astrophys. J. Lett., 730, 2,L22, 2011.

Kontar, E.P., I.G. Hannah, N.L.S. Jeffrey, M. Battaglia, TheSub-arcsecond Hard X-ray Structure of Loop Footpoints ina Solar Flare, Astrophys. J., 717, 1, 250-256, 2010.

Kopeikin, S., Y. Xie, Celestial reference frames and thegauge freedom in the post-Newtonian mechanics of theEarth–Moon system, Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astr., 108, 245-263, 2010.

Korovinskiy, D.B., V.S. Semenov, N.V. Erkaev, A.V. Divin,H.K. Biernat, U.V. Möstl, A 2.5-D electron Hall-MHD ana-lytical model of steady state Hall magnetic reconnectionin a compressible plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A5, 2011.

Kortha, H., B.J. Andersona, T.H. Zurbuchen, J.A. Slavin, S.Perri, S.A. Boardsen, D.N. Baker, S.C. Solomon and R.L.McNutt Jr., The interplanetary magnetic field environmentat Mercury's orbit, Planet. Space Sci., in press, 2011.

Kosovichev, A.G., Advances in global and local helioseis-mology: an introductory review, In: Rozelot, J-P., C. Neiner(eds.), Pulsation of the Sun and Stars, Lect. Notes Phys.,832, 86, 2011.

Krivova, N.A., S.K. Solanki, Y.C. Unruh, Towards a long-term record of solar total and spectral irradiance, J.Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 73, 2-3, 223-234, 2011.

Krivova, N.A., L.E.A. Vieira, S.K. Solanki, Reconstructionof solar spectral irradiance since the Maunder minimumJ. Geophys. Res., 115, A12, 2010.

Labrosse, N., B. Schmieder, P. Heinzel, and T. Watanabe,EUV lines observed with EIS/Hinode in a solar prominence,Astron. Astrosphys., 531, A69, 2011.

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Lavraud, B., J.E. Borovsky, V. Génot, S.J. Schwartz, et al.,Tracing solar wind plasma entry into the magnetosphereusing ion-to-electron temperature ratio, Geophys. Res.Lett., 36, L18109, 2009.

Laporte, N., R. Pelló, D. Schaerer, J. Richard, E. Egami, J.P. Kneib, J.F. Le Borgne, A. Maizy, F. Boone, P. Hudelot andY. Mellier, Optical dropout galaxies lensed by the clusterA2667, Astronom. Astrophys., 531, A74, 2011.

Lepri, S.T. and T.H. Zurbuchen, Direct observational evi-dence of filament material within Interplanetary CoronalMass Ejections, Astrophys. J., 723, L22, 2010.

Lichtenegger, H.I.M., et al., Aeronomical evidence forhigher CO2 levels during Earth's Hadean epoch, Icarus,210, 1, 1-7, 2010.

Liu, Q., R.H. Reichle, R. Bindlish, M.H. Cosh, W.T. Crow,R. de Jeu, G.J.M. De Lannoy, G.J. Huffman, T.J. Jackson,The contribution of precipitation forcing and satellite ob-servations of soil moisture on the skill of soil moisture es-timates in a land data assimilation system, J. ofHydrometeorology, in press, 2011.

Lobzin, V.V., V.V. Krasnoselskikh, K. Musatenko, T. Dudokde Wit, On nonstationarity and rippling of the quasiper-pendicular zone of the Earth bow shock: Cluster observa-tions, Ann. Geophys., 26, 2899–2910, 2008.

Luque, A., F.J. Gordillo-Vazquez, Sprite beads originatingfrom inhomogeneities in the mesospheric electron density,Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04808, 2011.

Luque, A., F.J. Gordillo-Vazquez, Modeling and analysis ofN(2)(B(3)Pi(g)) and N(2)(C(3)Pi(u)) vibrational distributionsin sprites, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A02306, 2011.

MacTaggart, D., Flux emergence within mature solar ac-tive regions, Astronom. Astrophys., 531, A108, 2011.

Madjarska, M.S., Dynamics and plasma properties of anX-ray jet from SUMER, EIS, XRT, and EUVI A & B simulta-neous observations, Astron. Astrophys., 526, A19, 2011.

Mann, I., A. Pellinen-Wannberg, E. Murad, O. Popova, N.Meyer-Vernet, M. Rosenberg, T. Mukai, A. Czechowski,S. Mukai, J. Safrankova, Z. Nemecek, Dusty Plasma Effectsin Near Earth Space and Interplanetary Medium, SpaceSci. Rev., in press, 2011.

Masunaga, K., Y. Futaana, M. Yamauchi, S. Barabash, T.Zhang, A. Fedorov, N. Terada, and S. Okano, O+ outflowchannels around Venus controlled by directions of the in-terplanetary magnetic field: Observations of high energyO+ ions around the terminator, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2011.

Mathur, S., R.A. García, C. Catala, and 22 co-authors, thesolar-like CoRoT target HD 170987: spectroscopic andseismic observations, Astron. Astrophys., 518, A53, 2010.

Mathur, S., R. Handberg, T.L. Campante, R.A. Garcia, etal., Solar-Like Oscillations in KIC 11395018 and KIC11234888 from 8 Months of Kepler Data, Astrophys. J.,733, 95, 2011.

Mazelle, C., B. Lembège, A. Morgenthaler, K. Meziane,T.S. Horbury, V. Génot, E.A. Lucek, I. Dandouras, Self-Re-formation of the Quasi-Perpendicular Shock: CLUSTERObservations, 12th International Solar Wind Conference,AIP Conference Proc., 1216, 471-474, 2010.

Meziane, K., A.M. Hamza, M. Wilber, M.A. Lee, C.Mazelle, E.A. Lucek, T. Hada, and A. Markowitch, Effectsof Shock Normal Orientation Fluctuations on Field-AlignedBeam Distributions, in Laakso, H., M.G.T.T. Taylor, and C.P. Escoubet, the Cluster Active Archive, Astrophysics andSpace Science Proc., 349-362, 2010.

Milligan, R., Spatially-resolved nonthermal line broadeningduring the impulsive phase of a solar flare, Astrophys. J.,in press, 2011.

Mironova, I.A., I.G. Usoskin, G.A. Kovaltsov, and S.V. Pe-telina, Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particleevent of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols:direct observational evidence, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Dis-cuss., 11, 14003-14029, 2011.

Moore, L., I.C.F. Müller-Wodarg, M. Galand, A. Kliore, andM. Mendillo, Latitudinal variations in Saturn's ionosphere:Cassini measurements and model comparisons, J. Geo-phys. Res., 115, A11317, 2010.

Muinonen, K., I.N. Belskaya, A. Cellino A., M. Delbo, A.-C. Levasseur-Regourd, A. Penttila, and E.F. Tedesco, AThree-Parameter Magnitude Phase Function for Asteroids,Icarus, 209, 2, 542-555, 2010.

Mukherjee, A., S. Bhattacharyya, Highly Coherent Kilo-hertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations from the Neutron Star X-ray Binary EXO 1745-248, Astrophys. J., 730, L32, 2011.

Mura, A., P. Wurz, J. Schneider, H. Lammer, J.-M. Griess-meier, M.L. Khodachenko, J. Weingrill, E. Guenther, J.Cabrera, A. Erikson, M. Fridlund, A. Milillo, H. Rauer, Ph.von Paris, Comet-like tail-formation of exospheres of hotexoplanets: Possible implications for Corot-7B, Icarus,211, 1, 1-9, 2011.

Nichols, J.D., S.W.H. Cowley, and L. Lamy, Dawn-dusk os-cillation of Saturn’s conjugate auroral ovals, Geophys. Res.Lett., 37, L24102, 2010.

Nichols, J.D., B. Cecconi, J.T. Clarke, J.-C. Gerard, A. Gro-cott, D. Grodent, L. Lamy, and P. Zarka, Variation of Sat-urn’s UV aurora with SKR phase. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,L15102, 2010.

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Offermann, D., P. Hoffmann, P. Knieling, R. Koppmann, J.Oberheide, D.M. Riggin, V.M. Tunbridge, W. Steinbrecht,Quasi-Two Day Waves in the summer mesosphere: Triplestructure of amplitudes and long-term development, J.Geophys. Res, 116, D00P02, 2011.

Opher, M., J.F. Drake, M. Swisdak, K.M. Schoeffler, J.D.Richardson, R.B. Decker and G. Toth, Is the Magnetic Fieldin the Heliosheath Laminar or a Turbulent Sea of Bubbles?Astrophys. J., 734, 1, 71, 2011.

Ozsoy-Cicek, B., S. Kern, S.F. Ackley, H. Xie, A. Tekeli, In-tercomparisons of Antarctic sea ice types from visual ship,RADARSAT-1 SAR, Envisat ASAR, QuikSCAT, and AMSR-Esatellite observations in the Bellingshausen Sea, Deep-SeaResearch II, Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58, 9-10,1092-1111, 2010.

Ozsoy-Cicek, B., S.F. Ackley, A. Worby, H. Xie, J. Lieser,Antarctic sea-ice extents and concentrations: comparisonof satellite and ship measurements from internationalPolar Year cruises, Ann. of Glaciology, 52, 57, 318-326, 2011.

Pagaran, J., J.W. Harder, M. Weber, L.E. Floyd, J.P. Bur-rows, Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY and SIM vis-IR ir-radiance over several solar rotational timescales, Astron.Astrophys., 528, A67, 2011.

Pagaran, J.A., M. Weber, M.T. DeLand, L.E. Floyd, J.P. Bur-rows, Spectral solar irradiance variations in 240-1600 nmduring the recent solar cycles 21-23, Sol. Phys., in press, 2011.

Petrosyan, A., A. Balogh, M.L. Goldstein, J. Léorat, E.Marsch, K. Petrovay, B. Roberts, R. von Steiger, J.C. Vial,Turbulence in the solar atmosphere and solar wind, SpaceSci. Rev., 156,1-4, 1-104, 2010.

Raines, J.M., J.A. Slavin, T.H. Zurbuchen, G. Gloeckler, B.J.Anderson, D.N. Baker, H. Korth, S.M. Krimigis, and R.L.McNutt Jr., MESSENGER observations of the plasma envi-ronment near Mercury, Planet. Space Sci., in press, 2011.

Rawle, T., M. Rex, E. Egami, S. Chung, D. Fadda, HerschelLensing Survey, Exploring Star Formation in Cluster Galax-ies with the Herschel Space Observatory, AAS Meeting218, 319.05, Bull. of the American Astronomical Society,43, 2011.

Rawle, T., E. Egami, A. Edge, M. Rex, Herschel LensingSurvey, LoCuSS, The Herschel View of Brightest ClusterGalaxies, AAS Meeting 217, 430.38, Bull. of the AmericanAstronomical Society, 43, 2011.

Reichle, R.H., R.D. Koster, G.J.M. De Lannoy, B.A. Forman,Q. Liu, S.P.P. Mahanama, A. Toure, Assessment and en-hancement of MERRA land surface hydrology estimates,J. of Climate, in press, 2011.

Reid, H.A.S., E.P. Kontar, Solar Wind Density Turbulenceand Solar Flare Electron Transport from the Sun to theEarth, Astrophys. J., 721, 1, 864-874, 2010.

Reid, H.A.S., N. Vilmer, E.P. Kontar, Characteristics of theflare acceleration region derived from simultaneous hardX-ray and radio observations, Astron. Astrophys., 529,A66, 2011.

Richard, J., J.-P. Kneib, H. Ebeling, D.P. Stark, E. Egami,A.K. Fiedler, Discovery of a possibly old galaxy at z= 6.027,multiply imaged by the massive cluster Abell 383, MNRAS,414, 1, L31-L35, 2011.

Romano, D., A.I. Karakas, M. Tosi, and F. Matteucci,Quantifying the uncertainties of chemical evolution stud-ies, II. Stellar yields, Astron. Astrophys, 522, A32, 2010.

Sanna, A., M. Méndez, D. Altamirano, J. Homan, P.Casella, T. Belloni, D. Lin, M. van der Klis, and R. Wijnands,The kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations during the Z andatoll phases of the unique transient XTE J1701--462,MNRAS, 408, 1, 622-630, 2010.

Savin, S., L. Zelenyi, E. Amata et al., ROY—A multiscale-magnetosphericmission, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 7, 606-617, 2010.

Schmit, D.J. and S.E. Gibson, Forward modeling cavitydensity: a multi-instrument diagnostic, Astrophys. J., 733,1, 2011.

Schwadron, N.A., M.A. Dayeh, M. Desai, H. Fahr, J.R.Jokipii, and M.A. Lee, Superposition of stochasticprocesses and the resulting particle distributions, Astro-phys. J., 713, 1386–1392, 2010.

Schwinger, J., S.J. Kollet, C.M. Hoppe and H. Elbern, Tan-gent linear and non-linear sensitivity of modeled latentheat fluxes to initial values and parameters of a SVATmodel, Vadose Zone J., 9, 4, 984-1001, 2010.

Shapiro, A.I., W. Schmutz, M. Schoell, M. Haberreiter, andE. Rozanov, NLTE solar irradiance modeling with the COSIcode, Astron. Astrophys., 517, A48, 2010.

Shi, J.-K., Z.W. Cheng, T.L. Zhang, M. Dunlop, et al.,South-north asymmetry of field aligned current in the

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Soler, R., J.L. Ballester, and M. Goossens, The Thermal In-stability of Solar Prominence Threads, Astrophys. J., 731,39, 2011.

Soler, R., R. Oliver, and J.L. Ballester, Spatial Damping ofPropagating Kink Waves in Prominence Threads, Astro-phys. J., 726, 102, 2011.

Soler, R., I. Arregui, R. Oliver and J.L. Ballester, Seismologyof Standing Kink Oscillations of Solar Prominence FineStructures, Astrophys. J., 722, 1778, 2010.

Soleri, P., et al., Investigating the disc-jet coupling in ac-creting compact objects using the black hole candidateSwift J1753.5-0127, MNRAS, 406, 3, 1471-1486, 2010.

Stallard, T., H. Melin, S.W.H. Cowley, S. Miller, M.B.Lystrup, Location and Magnetospheric Mapping of Sat-urn's Mid-latitude Infrared Auroral Oval, Astrophys. J.Lett., 722, L85, 2010.

Stenflo, J.O., Collapsed, uncollapsed, and hidden mag-netic flux on the quiet Sun, Astron. Astrophys., 529, A42,2011.

Tekeli, A.E., S. Kern, S.F. Ackley, B. Ozsoy-Cicek, H. Xie,Monitoring sea ice by ASAR and validating with cruisefield data for Antarctica, International Glaciological Soci-ety (IGS), Ann. Glaciol., 52, 57, 2011.

Toyota, T., R. Massom, K. Tateyama, T. Tamura, and A.Fraser, Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off EastAntarctica in late winter, 2007, Deep-Sea Research II, 58,9-10, 1137-1148, 2011.

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Space Sciences Series of ISSI (SSSI)

Published Volumes

These volumes may be ordered directly from Springer or for a substantially reduced price through ISSI. If you are interested in buying ourbooks, please contact [email protected]. More information is provided on the websites www.issibern.ch (go to ‘Publications’) or www.springer.com. All prices are based on the information given on the Springer website.

Volume 1: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar MediumR. von Steiger, R. Lallement, and M.A. Lee (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in November 1995, published in October 1996.Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 78, No. 1-2, 1996. ISBN 0-7923-4320-4, ISSI price Euro 110.97.

Volume 2: Transport Across the Boundaries of the Magneto sphereB. Hultqvist, and M. Øieroset (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 1996, published in October 1997. Reprinted fromSpace Science Reviews, Vol. 80, No. 1-2, 1997. ISBN 0-7923-4788-9. This volume is out of print.

Volume 3: Cosmic Rays in the HeliosphereL.A. Fisk, J.R. Jokipii, G.M. Simnett, R. von Steiger, and K.-P. Wenzel (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in September 1996,March 1997 respectively, published in May 1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 83, No. 1-2, 1998. ISBN 0-7923-5069-3, ISSI price Euro 106.17.

Volume 4: Primordial Nuclei and Their Galactic EvolutionN. Prantzos, M. Tosi, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in May 1997, published in August 1998. Reprintedfrom Space Science Reviews, Vol. 84, No. 1-2, 1998. ISBN 0-7923-5114-2, ISSI price Euro 89.97.

Volume 5: Solar Composition and its Evolution — From Core to CoronaC. Fröhlich, M.C.E. Huber, S.K. Solanki, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 1998, published in December1998. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 85, No. 1-2, 1998. ISBN 0-7923-5496-6, ISSI price Euro 116.97.

Volume 6: Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and LossesB. Hultqvist, M. Øieroset, G. Paschmann, and R. Treumann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 1997, published in Sep-tember 1999. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 88, No. 1-2, 1999. ISBN 0-7923-5846-5, ISSI price Euro 141.

Volume 7: Corotating Interaction RegionsA. Balogh, J.T. Gosling, J.R. Jokipii, R. Kallenbach, and H. Kunow (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in June 1998, published inJanuary 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 89, No. 1-2, 1999. ISBN 0-7923-6080-3, ISSI price Euro 92.97.

Volume 8: Composition and Origin of Cometary MaterialsK. Altwegg, P. Ehrenfreund, J. Geiss, and W.F. Huebner (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 1998, published in January2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 90, No. 1-2, 1999. ISBN 0-7923-6154-7, ISSI price Euro 95.97.

Volume 9: From Dust to Terrestrial PlanetsW. Benz, R. Kallenbach, and G. Lugmair (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in February 1999, published in October 2000. Reprintedfrom Space Science Reviews, Vol. 92, No. 1-2, 2000. ISBN 0-7923-6467-8, ISSI price Euro 101.97.

Volume 10: Cosmic Rays and EarthJ.W. Bieber, E. Eroshenko, P. Evenson, E.O. Flückiger, and R. Kallenbach (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 1999, publishedin December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 93, No. 1-2, 2000. ISBN 0-7923-6712-X, ISSI price Euro 95.97.

Volume 11: Solar Variability and ClimateE. Friis-Christensen, C. Fröhlich, J.D. Haigh, M. Schüssler, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in June 1999, publishedin December 2000. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 94, No. 1-2, 2000. ISBN 0-7923-6741-3, ISSI price Euro 101.97.

Volume 12: Chronology and Evolution of MarsR. Kallenbach, J. Geiss and W.K. Hartmann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2000, published in September 2001.Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 96, No. 1-4, 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7051-1, ISSI price Euro 107.97.

Volume 13: The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic RaysR. Diehl, E. Parizot, R. Kallenbach, and R. von Steiger (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in October 1999, May 2000 respec-tively, published in February 2002. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 99, No. 1-4, 2001. ISBN 1-4020-0107-9,ISSI price Euro 83.97.

Volume 14: Matter in the UniversePh. Jetzer, K. Pretzl, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2001, published in June 2002. Reprinted fromSpace Science Reviews, Vol. 100, No. 1-4, 2002. ISBN 1-4020-0666-7, ISSI price Euro 71.97.

Volume 15: Auroral Plasma Physics G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, and R. Treumann (eds.), three ISSI-Workshops held in October 1999, March and December2000, published in April 2003, 2nd edition in April 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 103, No. 1-4, 2002.ISBN 1-4020-0963-1, ISSI price Euro 149.40.

Volume 16: Solar System History from Isotopic Signatures of Volatile ElementsR. Kallenbach, T. Encrenaz, J. Geiss, K. Mauersberger, T. Owen, and F. Robert (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 2002,published in July 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 106, No. 1-4, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1177-6, ISSI price Euro 82.97.

Volume 17: Earth Gravity Field from Space — From Sensors to Earth SciencesG. Beutler, R. Rummel, M.R. Drinkwater, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2002, published in No-vember 2003. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 108, No. 1-2, 2003. ISBN 1-4020-1408-2, ISSI price Euro 129.

Volume 18: Mars’ Magnetism and its Interaction with the Solar WindD. Winterhalter, M. Acuña, and A. Zakharov (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2001, published in June 2004. Reprintedfrom Space Science Reviews, Vol. 111, No. 1-2, 2004. ISBN 1-4020-2048-1, ISSI price Euro 74.97.

Volume 19: The Outer Planets and their MoonsT. Encrenaz, R. Kallenbach, T. Owen, and C. Sotin (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 2004, published in June 2005.Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 116, No. 1-2, 2005. ISBN 1-4020-3362-1, ISSI price Euro 65.40.

Volume 20: Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries: Cluster ResultsG. Paschmann, S. Schwartz, C.P. Escoubet, S. Haaland (eds.), two ISSI-Workshops held in March and November 2003, publishedin June 2005. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 118, No. 1-4, 2005. ISBN 1-4020-3488-1, ISSI price Euro 65.40.

Volume 21: Coronal Mass EjectionsH. Kunow, N. Crooker, J. Linker, R. Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2004, published in2006. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 123, No. 1-3, 2006. ISBN 978-0-387-45086-5, ISSI price Euro 83.97.

Volume 22: Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and EarthD. Baker, B. Klecker, S. Schwartz, R. Schwenn, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2005, published in2007. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 124, No. 1-4, 2006. ISBN 978-0-387-69531-0, ISSI price Euro 77.97.

Volume 23: Solar Variability and Planetary ClimatesY. Calisesi, R.-M. Bonnet, L. Gray, J. Langen, and M. Lockwood (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in June 2005, published in2007. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 125, No. 1-4, 2006. ISBN 978-0-387-48339-9, ISSI price Euro 83.97.

Volume 24: Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial PlanetsK.E. Fishbaugh, P. Lognonné, F. Raulin, D. des Marais, and O. Korablev (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 2005,published in September 2007. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 129, No. 1-3, 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-74287-8, ISSI price Euro 80.97.

Volume 25: Strategies for Life DetectionO. Botta, J.L. Bada, J. Gomez-Elvira, E. Javaux, F. Selsis, and R. Summons (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2006, publishedin August 2008. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 135, No. 1-4, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-77515-9, ISSI price Euro 65.97.

Volume 26: MercuryA. Balogh, L. Ksanfomality, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in June 2006, published in May 2008. Reprintedfrom Space Science Reviews, Vol. 132, No. 2-4, 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-77538-8, ISSI price Euro 83.97.

Volume 27: The Composition of Matter - Symposium honouring Johannes Geiss on the occasion of his 80th birthdayR. von Steiger, G. Gloeckler, and G.M. Mason (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 2006, published in November 2007.Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 130, No. 1-4, 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-74183-3, ISSI price Euro 80.97.

Volume 28: Origin and Early Evolution of Comet NucleiH. Balsiger, K. Altwegg, W. Huebner, T. Owen, and R. Schulz (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2006, published in October 2008. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 138, No. 1-4, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-85454-0, ISSI price Euro 65.97.

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Volume 29: Comparative AeronomyA.F. Nagy, A. Balogh, T.E. Cravens, M. Mendillo, and I. Müller-Wodarg (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in June 2007, publishedin January 2009. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 139, No. 1-4, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-87824-9, ISSI price Euro 71.97.

Volume 30: Planetary Atmospheric ElectricityF. Leblanc, K. Aplin, Y. Yair, G. Harrison, J.P. Lebreton, and M. Blanc (eds.), ISSI- and Europlanet-Workshop held in July2007, published in October 2008. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 137, No. 1-4, 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-87663-4, ISSI price Euro 89.97.

Volume 31: From the Outer Heliosphere to the Local BubbleJ. Linsky, E. Möbius, V.V. Izmodenov, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2007, published in May2009. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 143, No. 1-4, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0246-7, ISSI price Euro 71.97.

Volume 32: The Origin and Dynamics of Solar MagnetismM.J. Thompson, A. Balogh, J.L. Culhane, A. Nordlund, S.K. Solanki, and J.-P. Zahn (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January2008, published in May 2009. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 144, No. 1-4, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0238-2, ISSI price Euro 71.97.

Volume 33: Planetary MagnetismU.R. Christensen, A. Balogh, D. Breuer, and K.-H. Glassmeier (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 2008, published inOctober 2010. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 152, No.1-4, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4419-5900-3, ISSI price Euro 83.97.

Volume 34: Probing the Nature of Gravity – Confronting Theory and Experiment in SpaceC.W.F. Everitt, M.C.E. Huber, R. Kallenbach, G. Schäfer, B.F. Schutz, and R.A. Treumann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in October 2008, published in June 2010. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 148, No. 1-4, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-1361-6, ISSI Price Euro 83.97.

Volume 35: Satellites of the Outer Solar System – Exchange Processes Involving the InteriorsO. Grasset, M. Blanc, A. Coustenis, W.B. Durham, H. Hussmann, R. Pappalardo, and D. Turrini (eds.), ISSI- and Europlanet-Workshop held in November 2008, published in December 2010. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 153, No.1-4, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4419-7438-9, ISSI Price Euro 83.97.

Volume 36: Terrestrial MagnetismG. Hulot, A. Balogh, U.R. Christensen, C. Constable, M. Mandea, and N. Olsen (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2009,published in January 2011. Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, Vol. 155, No. 1-4, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4419-7954-4,ISSI Price Euro 71.97.

Volume 40: The Earth’s Cryosphere and Sea Level ChangeL. Bengtsson, S. Koumoutsaris, R.-M. Bonnet, E.-A. Herland, P. Huybrechts, O.M. Johannessen, G. Milne, J. Oerlemans,A. Ohmura, G. Ramstein, P. Woodworth (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2010, published in October 2011. Reprintedfrom Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 32, 4-5, 2011. ISBN 978-94-007-2062-6. ISSI Price Euro 59.97.

Forthcoming Volumes

Volume 37: Comparison of Plasma Environments of Mars, Venus, and TitanK. Szegö, A.M. Harri, and N. Krupp (eds.), ISSI- and Europlanet Workshop held in November 2009, to be published in 2011.

Volume 38: Multiscale Physics in Coronal Heating and Solar Wind AccelerationD. Burgess, E. Marsch, J. Drake, M. Velli, T.H. Zurbuchen, and R. von Steiger (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in January 2010,to be published in December 2011.

Volume 39: Magnetic Fields in the UniverseA. Balogh et al. (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in March 2010, to be published in 2012.

Volume 41: Cosmic Rays in the HeliosphereR. von Steiger et al. (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in April 2010, to be published in 2012.

Volume 42: Dynamic Coupling between Earth's Atmospheric and Plasma EnvironmentsT. Bösinger, J. LaBelle, H.J. Opgenoorth, J.-P. Pommereau, K. Shiokawa, S.C. Solomon, and R.A. Treumann (eds.), ISSI-Workshop held in September 2010, to be published in 2012.

ISSI Scientific Reports Series (SR)

Published VolumesElectronic copies are available from the website www.issibern.ch (go to ‘Publications’). Hard copies are directly available from www.spacebooks-online.com (go to ‘ESA-sponsored Publications’).

Volume 1: Analysis Methods for Multi-Spacecraft DataG. Paschmann, and P.W. Daly (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in July 1998. Price Euro 30.

Volume 2: The Radiometric Calibration of SOHOA. Pauluhn, M.C.E. Huber, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in August 2002. PriceEuro 40.

Volume 3: The Solar System and Beyond - Ten Years of ISSIJ. Geiss and B. Hultqvist (eds.). Published on the occasion of ISSI’s ten-year anniversary in June 2005. Price Euro 30.

Volume 4: Heat and Gas Diffusion in Comet NucleiW.F. Huebner, J. Benkhoff, M.-T. Capria, A. Coradini, C. De Sanctis, R. Orosei, and D. Prialnik (eds.), Results from an ISSI-Team, published in August 2006. Price Euro 40.

Volume 5: The Physics of the Heliospheric BoundariesV.V. Izmodenov and R. Kallenbach (eds.), Results from an ISSI-Team, published in 2006. Price Euro 40.

Volume 6: Planetary Systems and Planets in SystemsS. Udry, W. Benz, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Workshop, published in 2006. Price Euro 40.

Volume 7: Calibration of Particle Instruments in Space PhysicsM. Wüest, D.S. Evans, and R. von Steiger (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in December 2007. PriceEuro 60.

Volume 8: Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Methods RevisitedG. Paschmann, and P.W. Daly (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group, published in April 2008. Price Euro 30.

Volume 9: Observing Photons in SpaceM.C.E. Huber, A. Pauluhn, J.L. Culhane, J.G. Timothy, K. Wilhelm, and A. Zehnder (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group,published in September 2010. Price Euro 60.

Forthcoming Volumes

Volume 10: The Physics of Shock Waves in Collisionless Space PlasmaA. Balogh, K.-L. Klein, R.A. Treumann et al. (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group.

Volume 11: Space Instrumentation for Space PhysicsA. Balogh et al. (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group.

Volume 12: Ground-based Remote Sensing and In-situ Methods for Monitoring Water VapourN. Kämpfer et al. (eds.), Results of an ISSI International Team.

Volume 13: Towards Understanding the Climate of VenusL. Bengtsson et al. (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group.

Volume 14: 30 Years of Interplanetary Background ObservationsE. Quémerais et al. (eds.), Results of an ISSI-Working Group.

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No. 1: Die ersten Minuten und das weitere Schicksal des Uni versums, by Johannes Geiss, published in April 1998.

No. 2: Das neue Bild der Sonne (out of print), by Rudolf von Steiger, published in November 1998.

No. 3: Birth, Age and the Future of the Universe, by Gustav Andreas Tammann, published in May 1999.

No. 4: Kometen als Schwerpunkt der europäischen Welt raum forschung, by Kathrin Altwegg-von Burg, published in

October 1999.

No. 5: Earth, Moon and Mars (out of print), by Johannes Geiss, published in June 2000.

No. 6: From Dust to Planets, by Willy Benz, published in October 2000.

No. 7: In Search of the Dark Matter in the Universe, by Klaus Pretzl, published in May 2001.

No. 8: Sun and Climate, by Jürg Beer, published in November 2001.

No. 9: The Fourfold Way Through the Magnetosphere: The Cluster Mission, by Götz Paschmann, published in June 2002.

No. 10: Satellite Navigation Systems for Earth and Space Sciences, by Gerhard Beutler, published in June 2003.

No. 11: Cosmic Rays, by Hansjörg Schlaepfer, published in November 2003.

No. 12: Ten Years Hubble Space Tele scope, by Roger-Maurice Bonnet, published in June 2004.

No. 13: Woher kommen Kohlenstoff, Eisen und Uran?, by Rudolf von Steiger, published in October 2004.

No. 14: Grundlagen der Physik im extraterrestrischen Test, by Martin C.E. Huber, published in June 2005.

No. 15: Titan and the Huygens Mission, by Nicolas Thomas, published in November 2005.

No. 16: Astrobiology, by Oliver Botta, published in July 2006.

No. 17: The Heliosphere: Empire of the Sun, by André Balogh, published in October 2006.

No. 18: Einstein in Bern: The Great Legacy, by Thomas H. Zurbuchen, Rudolf von Steiger, and Brian Grimm, published in

February 2007.

No. 19: 4440: A Secret Number in Astronomy,by Giovanni Fabrizio Bignami, published in August 2007.

No. 20: What the Universe Consists of: From Luminous to Dark Matter and Quintessence, by Uwe-Jens Wiese, published

in November 2007.

No. 21: The Earth’s Ozone Layer, by Yasmine Calisesi, published in February 2008.

No. 22: Solar Magnetism – Discovery and Investigation, by Eugene Parker, published in August 2008.

No. 23: Meteorites, by Beda Hofmann, published in February 2009.

No. 24: Cosmic Vision, summary of a talk by David Southwood edited by Hansjörg Schlaepfer, published in February 2010.

No. 25: Climate Change, by Thomas Stocker, published in July 2010.

No. 26: Spaceship Earth, by Roger-Maurice Bonnet, published in May 2011. The Fascination of Space Science edited by Hansjörg Schlaepfer

This book contains all issues of Spatium (No. 1-22) published during the first ten years of its existence. It aims at conveying the fascinating results of space research to the wide public. Thetext covers the main research activities in cosmology and astronomy in line with ISSI's scientificprogram. ISBN 978-3-86727-754-9

Pro ISSI SPATIUM Series

ISSI Publications published in the 16th Business Year

Satellites of the Outer Solar System

Exchange Processes Involving the Interiorsedited by

Olivier GrassetLPG Nantes Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique Nantes, France

Michel BlancCentre d’Etudes Spatiale des Rayonnements, CESR, Toulouse, France

Athéna CoustenisLESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Meudon, France

William B. DurhamMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA

Hauke HussmannDLR Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany

Robert T. PappalardoJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

Diego TurriniInstitute of Physics of Interplanetary Space INAF, Rome, Italy

Volume resulting from an ISSI- and Europlanet-Workshop, published in December 2010, Space Science Series of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 35. ISBN 978-1-4419-7438-9.

Foreword; R.-M. Bonnet, M. BlancPreface – Satellites of the Outer Solar System: Exchange Processes Involving the Interiors; O. Grasset, A. Coustenis, W.B.Durham, H. Hussmann, R.T. Pappalardo, D. Turrini

SECTION I: OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTSEnvironments in the Outer Solar System; N. Krupp, K.K. Khurana, L. Iess, V. Lainey, T.A. Cassidy, M. Burger, C. Sotin, F. NeubauerCharacteristics of Icy Surfaces; L. Prockter, R.M.C. Lopes, B. Giese, R. Jaumann, R.D. Lorenz, R.T. Pappalardo, G.W. Patterson,P.C. Thomas, E.P. Turtle, R.J. WagnerChemical Composition of Icy Satellite Surfaces; J.B. Dalton, D.P. Cruikshank, K. Stephan, T.B. McCord, A. Coustenis,R.W. Carlson, A. CoradiniAtmospheric/Exospheric Characteristics of Icy Satellites; A. Coustenis, T. Tokano, M.H Burger; T.A. Cassidy, R.M. Lopes,R.D. Lorenz, K.D. Retherford, G. Schubert

SECTION II: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF ICES AND ORGANICS: CONSTRAINTS FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTSPhase Behavior of Ices and Hydrates; A.D. Fortes; M. ChoukrounSpectroscopy of Icy Moon Surface Materials; J.B. DaltonRadar Signal Propagation and Detection Through Ice; W. Kofman, R. Orosei, E. Pettinelli Rheological and Thermal Properties of Icy Materials; W.B. Durham, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, D. Goldsby, J.S. Kargel Radiolysis and Photolysis of Icy Satellite Surfaces: Experiments and Theory; T. Cassidy, P. Coll, F. Raulin, R.W. Carlson, R.E.Johnson, M.J. Loeffler, K.P. Hand, R.A. Baragiola

SECTION III: MODELING AND INTERPRETATIONSImplications of Rotation, Orbital States, Energy Sources, and Heat Transport for Internal Processes in Icy Satellites; H. Hussmann, G. Choblet, V. Lainey, D.L. Matson, C. Sotin, G. Tobie, T. Van Hoolst Effects of the External Environment on Icy Satellites; M.H. Burger, R. Wagner, R. Jaumann, T.A. Cassidy Surface, Subsurface and Atmosphere Exchanges on the Satellites of the Outer Solar System; G. Tobie; B. Giese, T.A Hurford, R.M Lopes, F. Nimmo, F. Postberg, K.D. Retherford, J. Schmidt, J.R. Spencer, T. Tokano, E.P. Turtle

SECTION IV: IMPLICATIONSFrom Gas to Satellitesimals: Disk Formation and Evolution; A. Coradini, G. Magni, D. TurriniPlanetesimals and Satellitesimals: Formation of the Satellite Systems; I. Mosqueira, P. Estrada, D. TurriniEvolution of Icy Satellites; G. Schubert, H. Hussmann, V. Lainey, D.L. Matson, W.B. McKinnon, F. Sohl, C. Sotin, G. Tobie,D. Turrini, T. Van HoolstSubsurface Water Oceans on Icy Satellites: Chemical Composition and Exchange Processes; F. Sohl, M. Choukroun, J.Kargel, J. Kimura, R. Pappalardo, S. Vance, M. ZolotovExobiology and Planetary Protection of Icy Moons; F. Raulin, K.P. Hand, C.P. McKay, M. Viso

Table of Contents


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Terrestrial Magnetismedited by

Gauthier HulotInstitut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France

André BaloghInternational Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland

Ulrich R. ChristensenMax Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

Catherine ConstableInstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, La Jolla, CA, USA

Mioara MandeaUniversité Paris Diderot, Paris, France

Nils OlsenCopenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, published in January 2011,Space Science Series of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 36. ISBN 978-1-4419-7954-4.

Table of Contents

The Earth’s Magnetic Field in the Space Age: An Introduction to Terrestrial Magnetism; G. Hulot, A. Balogh, U.R. Christensen, C.G. Constable,M. Mandea, N. Olsen

Terrestrial Magnetism: Historical Perspectives and Future Prospects - “Baggage We Carry with Us”; D. Gubbins

Geomagnetic Observations for Main Field Studies:From Ground to Space; J. Matzka, A. Chulliat, M. Mandea, C.C. Finlay, E. Qamili

Measuring the Earth’s Magnetic Field from Space:Concepts of Past, Present and Future Missions; N. Olsen, G. Hulot, T.J. Sabaka

The Magnetic Field of the Earth’s Lithosphere; E. Thébault, M. Purucker, K.A. Whaler, B. Langlais,T.J. Sabaka

Geomagnetic Core Field Secular Variation Models;N. Gillet, V. Lesur, N. Olsen

Geomagnetic Jerks: Rapid Core Field Variations andCore Dynamics; M. Mandea, R. Holme, A. Pais, K. Pinheiro, A. Jackson, G. Verbanac

Short Timescale Core Dynamics: Theory and Observations; C.C. Finlay, M. Dumberry, A. Chulliat,M.A. Pais

Millennial Variations of the Geomagnetic Field: fromData Recovery to Field Reconstruction; F. Donadini,M. Korte, C. Constable

An Introduction to Data Assimilation and Predictability in Geomagnetism; A. Fournier, G. Hulot, D. Jault, W. Kuang, A. Tangborn, N. Gillet,E. Canet, J. Aubert, F. Lhuillier

Polarity Reversals from Paleomagnetic Observationsand Numerical Dynamo Simulations; H. Amit, R. Leonhardt, J. Wicht

Observations and Models of the Long-Term Evolution of Earth’s Magnetic Field; J. Aubert, J.A. Tarduno, C.L. Johnson

The Magnetic Sun: Reversals and Long-Term Variations; K. Petrovay, U.R. Christensen

Magnetic Polarity Transitions and Biospheric Effects- Historical Perspective and Current Developments;K.-H. Glassmeier, J. Vogt

ISSI Publications published in the 16th Business Year

The Earth’s Cryosphere and Sea Level Changeedited by

Lennart Bengtsson, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland

Symeon Koumoutsaris, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland

Roger-Maurice Bonnet, ISSI, Bern, Switzerland

Einar-Arne Herland, Norwegian Spacecentre, Oslo, Norway

Philippe Huybrechts, Vrije Universiteit, Brussel, Belgium

Ola M. Johannessen, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway

Glenn Milne, University of Ottawa, Canada

Johannes Oerlemans, Utrecht University, the Netherlands

Atsumu Ohmura, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland

Gilles Ramstein, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-Orme des Merisiers, France

Philip Woodworth,National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, published in October 2011, Space Science Series of ISSI (SSSI), Volume 40. ISBN 978-94-007-2062-6.

Foreword: L. BengtssonIntroduction: Climate Change Challenges; H. Grassl

Section I: Long-Term Variation of the Earth’s CryosphereClimates of the Earth and Cryosphere Evolution; G. Ramstein

Section II: Observational Studies on Land IceOverview and Assessment of Antarctic Ice-Sheet Mass Ba-lance Estimates: 1992-2009; H.J. Zwally, M.B. Giovinetto

Present Day Regional Mass loss of Greenland Observedwith Satellite Gravimetry; E. Schrama, B. Wouters, B. Vermeersen

Interaction Between the Warm Subsurface Atlantic Waterin the Sermilik Fjord and Helheim Glacier in SoutheastGreenland; O.M. Johannessen, A. Korablev, V. Miles, M.W.Miles, K.E. Solberg

Section III: The Dynamics of Land IceResponse of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets toMulti-Millennial Greenhouse Warming in the Earth SystemModel of Intermediate Complexity LOVECLIM; P. Huy-brechts, H. Goelzer, I. Janssens, E. Driesschaert, T. Fichefet,H. Goosse, M.-F. Loutre

Representing Grounding Line Dynamics in Numerical IceSheet Models: Recent Advances and Outlook; D. Docquier,L. Perichon, F. Pattyn

Understanding and Modelling Rapid Dynamic Changes ofTidewater Outlet Glaciers: Issues and Implications; A. Vieli,F.M. Nick

Section IV: Modelling of the Mass Balance of the Land IceLarge-Scale Surface Mass Balance of Ice Sheets from a Comprehensive Atmospheric Model; L. Bengtsson, S. Koumoutsaris, K. Hodges

Precipitation Changes in High Southern Latitudes fromGlobal Reanalyses: A Cautionary Tale; J.P. Nicolas, D.H.Bromwich

Ice Sheets and Sea Level: Thinking Outside the Box; M. vanden Broeke, J. Bamber, J. Lenaerts, E. Rignot

A Downscaling Approach Toward High-Resolution SurfaceMass Balance Over Antarctica; H. Gallée, C. Agosta, L. Gential, V. Favier, G. Krinner

Section V: Glacier Observation and ModellingEstimating the Glacier Contribution to Sea-Level Rise for thePeriod 1800-2005; P.W. Leclercq, J. Oerlemans, J.G. Cogley

Observed Mass Balance of Mountain Glaciers and Green-land Ice Sheet in the 20th Century and the Present Trends;A. Ohmura

Present State and Prospects of Ice Sheet and Glacier Modelling; H. Blatter, R. Greve, A. Abe-Ouchi

Section VI: Sea Level and Geodynamic EffectsSea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century;J.A. Church, N.J. White

Evidence for Century-Timescale Acceleration in Mean SeaLevels and for Recent Changes in Extreme Sea Levels; P.L.Woodworth, M. Menéndez, W.R. Gehrels

Response of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model toGreenland Ice Melting; D. Stammer, N. Agarwal, P. Herrmann, A. Köhl, and C.R. Mechoso

GOCE, Satellite Gravimetry and Antarctic Mass Transports;R. Rummel, M. Horwath, W. Yi, A. Albertella, W. Bosch, R.Haagmans

Table of Contents

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