Islamic University of GazaIslamic University of GazaFaculty of NursingFaculty of Nursing

Trends And IssuesTrends And IssuesHistory and Development of NursingHistory and Development of Nursing

History and Development of History and Development of NursingNursing

To understand the evolution of nursing, we To understand the evolution of nursing, we should understand other important should understand other important development that has profoundly development that has profoundly influenced its growth:influenced its growth:

The crusaders.The crusaders. The renaissance (The renaissance ( النهضةالنهضةعصر عصر ).). The reformation.The reformation. The industrial revolution.The industrial revolution. The emancipation of women The emancipation of women (equality (equality حقوق حقوق

.(.(المرأةالمرأة

Form the earliest times to the latter Form the earliest times to the latter part of the eighteenth century. part of the eighteenth century.

From the latter part of eighteenth From the latter part of eighteenth century to the establishment of the century to the establishment of the first modern school of nursing in first modern school of nursing in 1860.1860.

From 1860 to the present.From 1860 to the present.

The Development of Nursing Seems to Fall into The Development of Nursing Seems to Fall into Three Main Periods:Three Main Periods:

It is obvious that the fight for It is obvious that the fight for professional advancement is professional advancement is associated with the struggle of associated with the struggle of political, economic, and political, economic, and educational freedom of women.educational freedom of women.

Development of Body of knowledge Development of Body of knowledge (Education(Education))

Florence nightingaleFlorence nightingale Early school of nursingEarly school of nursing Later school of nursingLater school of nursing Age of specializationAge of specialization Science based programs Science based programs

Origins of NursingOrigins of Nursing

Nursing has never existed in isolation; the Nursing has never existed in isolation; the groups and social structure in which people groups and social structure in which people were living have defined the role of nurses.were living have defined the role of nurses.

Nursing originated with primitive mother Nursing originated with primitive mother who cared for ill members of her family who cared for ill members of her family unit.unit.

The term “nurse” stem from Latin The term “nurse” stem from Latin word ”nutrix” or “nutrio”word ”nutrix” or “nutrio”

Means to nourish.Means to nourish. Very little things have been written Very little things have been written

about nursing as a unique professional about nursing as a unique professional in ancient times… but through the in ancient times… but through the study of ancient health care practices study of ancient health care practices to see the development of nursing.to see the development of nursing.

ExampleExample

about 250 years B.C, King Asoka about 250 years B.C, King Asoka founded building like hospital;founded building like hospital;

Male (practical nurses) functioned in it.Male (practical nurses) functioned in it. One-year A.C, prevention of diseases One-year A.C, prevention of diseases

and hygiene procedure considered as a and hygiene procedure considered as a religions duty.religions duty.

325 years A.C, an official order of 325 years A.C, an official order of deaconesses was established function deaconesses was established function as a visiting nurse and social worker as a visiting nurse and social worker appointed by the bishops of the church.appointed by the bishops of the church.

Phoebe: is recommendation as Phoebe: is recommendation as the first visiting nurse.the first visiting nurse.

330 years A.C, a large hospital 330 years A.C, a large hospital was founded by Empera was founded by Empera Constantine the great.Constantine the great.

370 years A.C, the largest 370 years A.C, the largest hospital in Asia was built hospital in Asia was built (Basilias).(Basilias).

Early Nursing LeadersEarly Nursing Leaders

Nightingale reformation:Nightingale reformation: An English women born in An English women born in FlorenceFlorence “Italy” on “Italy” on

May, 2May, 2ndnd ,1820 of wealthy parents. ,1820 of wealthy parents. despite her family’s protests, she worked despite her family’s protests, she worked

alongside nursing deaconesses.alongside nursing deaconesses. Her biographer Sir, Thomas Cook.Her biographer Sir, Thomas Cook. She have broad knowledge of science, history, She have broad knowledge of science, history,

politic, and economic.politic, and economic. Died on August 13,1910.Died on August 13,1910. Called the lady with the lampCalled the lady with the lamp

Born: 12 May 1820)Born: 12 May 1820)Florence, , Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Died: 13 August 1910 Died: 13 August 1910 (aged 90)(aged 90)Park Lane, London, , London, United KingdomUnited KingdomProfession: Nurse and Profession: Nurse and Statistician Statistician

Institutions: Selimiye Institutions: Selimiye Barracks, Scutari Barracks, Scutari

Specialism: Hospital Specialism: Hospital hygiene and sanitation hygiene and sanitation

Known for: Pioneering Known for: Pioneering modern nursingmodern nursing

The Crimean WarThe Crimean War

Nightingale’s contributions:Nightingale’s contributions:Nightingale changed the negative image of Nightingale changed the negative image of

nursing to a positive one.nursing to a positive one.She is credited with:She is credited with: Training people for the work they would Training people for the work they would

perform.perform. Selecting only those with an upstanding Selecting only those with an upstanding

character as potential nurse.character as potential nurse. Improving sanitary conditions for patients.Improving sanitary conditions for patients.

Significantly reduced death rate of Significantly reduced death rate of British soldiers.British soldiers.

Providing classroom education and Providing classroom education and clinical teaching.clinical teaching.

Advocating that nursing education Advocating that nursing education should be life long process.should be life long process.

Recognition that nutrition is an Recognition that nutrition is an important part of nursing care.important part of nursing care.

Establishing a respected occupation for Establishing a respected occupation for women.women.

Believing that nursing is separate and Believing that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine.distinct from medicine.

Identifying personal needs of patient Identifying personal needs of patient and the role of nurse in meeting those and the role of nurse in meeting those needs.needs.

Nightingale Environmental ModelNightingale Environmental Model Health House.Health House. Ventilation and warm.Ventilation and warm. Light.Light. Noise.Noise. Variety.Variety. Bed and bedding.Bed and bedding. Personal cleanliness.Personal cleanliness. Nutrition and taking food.Nutrition and taking food. Chattering hopes and advice.Chattering hopes and advice. Social considerations.Social considerations.

Florence nightingale elevated the Florence nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected status of nursing to a respected

occupation, improved the quality occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded of nursing care, and founded modern nursing educationmodern nursing education

Thank You Thank You