Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd - Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 1...2| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs Islami Banking September 2015 A...

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 1

2| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 1

2| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

Islami BankingSeptember 2015A Journal published by Public Relations DivisionIslami Bank Bangladesh Limited

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6

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16| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

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Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 17

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18| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

2.1 my` wbwl‡×i g~j Zvrch©

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7

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13

hwÌZvivmgvwß‡Ze‡jb†h,m¤ú`web¨v‡mi

†ÿ‡Îb~¨bZgAvewk¨KcyuwR(minimum capital requirement) we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e,

14

Zviv

hyw³ †`Lvb †h SzuwK mvgvj w`‡Z cÖPwjZ e¨vsK¸‡jvi Zzjbvq Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jvi †ewk

Ôb~¨bZg Avewk¨K cyuwRÕ cÖ‡qvRb| KviY, G¸‡jvi wcGjGm (profit and loss sharing)m¤úèÜKxwfwËK (collaterized) bq|

Bmjvgxe¨vsKeë¯’viIciGB`yB†jLvig~j†dvKvmwQjZË¡veavqKKZ©„c‡ÿi`„wó‡KvY

†_‡Kwelq¸‡jv‡Kwe‡kølYKivGesÔb~¨bZgAvewk¨KcyuwRÕ|BmjvgxA_©vq‡bicÖ‡qvRbxqZv

we‡ePbvqAvgivGBiPbv¸‡jvim‡½GKgZn‡jIGLv‡bD‡jøLKivn‡q‡QGgbwKQzSzuwKi

aibwfbœ,†hgb:AvBwbIgvgjvmsµvšÍSzuwK|KviY,Avgv‡ìAv`vjZ¸‡jviwewaweavb

GL‡bvBmjvgxA_©vq‡bim‡½cy‡ivcywim½wZc~Y©K‡icÖYxZnqwb|

15

Z‡e,BmjvgxA_©vqbcY¨¸‡jvwfbœai‡biSzuwKP¨v‡jÄm„wóK‡iGesGBSzuwKig~jjÿë¯‘

_v‡Kwewb‡qvMKvixGesAvÛvi‡UKvi(†hGBwewb‡qvMMÖnYK‡i)|AvÛvi‡UKvi-GiSzuwK

g~jZ Bmy¨K…Z cY¨ †cuŠQv‡bv| G wel‡q ga¨cÖvP¨ Ges `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqv Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi

AwfÁZvq†`Lvhvq,Gme†`‡kBmjvgxAvw_©Kc‡YïPvwn`vGZUvB†ewk†hcÖwZwUBmy¨B

wewµi jÿ¨gvÎv‡K Qvwo‡q hvq Ges †µZv I wewb‡qvMKvix †m¸‡jv a‡i iv‡Lb gva¨wgK

evRv‡ib~¨bZgmy‡hvM_vKvch©šÍ|GBPvwn`viKviYg~jZagx©qAbyf~wZ|GLv‡bA_©‰bwZK

wnmve-wbKvk Kg KvR K‡i| A‡bK M‡elK g‡b K‡ib Bmjvgx A_©vqb evRv‡ii cwiwa

m¤úªmvwiZn‡jGBAbyf~wZAvi_vK‡ebv|ZLbAvÛvi‡UKvi‡ìA_©‰bwZKfv‡eSzuwKc~Y©

c‡_ G‡Mv‡Z n‡e| bZzb Bmjvgx A_©vqb c‡Yï myweav‡fvMx Ges Bmjvgx e¨vsKvi‡ì Rb¨

wewb‡qvMKvix‡ìSzuwKiwelqwUGKwUD‡Ø‡MiKviY|

myKzK-Gig‡ZvBmjvwgcvewjKBmyïcÖeZ©KivGmeSzuwKcÖkg‡biDcvqLyuR‡Qb|Zvivg‡b

Ki‡Qb,agx©qDb¥v`bviKvi‡Ym„óPvwn`vGKmgq†kln‡qhv‡e|ZLbwewb‡qvMKvix‡ì

DØy×Ki‡ZcÖ‡qvRbn‡ebZzbwKQzi|ZvBGai‡biBmy¨GesAb¨vbäi‡bibZzbBmjvgx

A_©vqbc‡YïSzuwKKwg‡qAvbviDcvqLyuR‡ZbZzbd‡Zvqvif~wgKvwUIAv‡jvPbvqG‡m

13 jyKvGwi‡KvGeswgÎdvivneKk,“Islamic Banking: issues in Prudential Regulation and Supervision,” AvBGgGd IqvwK©s

†ccvi bs- WP/98/30,1998|

14 cÖv¸³,c„.17|

15 Av‡iKwUwbe‡ÜAvwghyw³†`wL‡qwQ†hBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvim¤ú`cwiKvVv‡gvim‡½cÖPwjZe¨vsK¸‡jvi†Zgb

†Kv‡bvcv_©K¨†bB|ZvBZv‡ì†hgbcy‡ivAvjv`vai‡biSzuwKeë¯’vMÖn‡YicÖ‡qvRb†bB†ZgwbcÖ‡qvRb†bB

AwaKZiAvewk¨KcyuwRi|AwaKš‘,†h‡nZzZv‡ìAvgvb‡Zie„nËiAskgy`vivevwfwËKwewb‡qvMAvgvbZ,hvg~jZ

BKzBwUiAbycv‡ZSzuwKm„wóK‡i,ZvBcÖPwjZe¨vsK¸‡jviZzjbvqBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jv‡ZAvewk¨KcyuwRicwigvYKg

n‡Zcv‡i|†`Lyb:Basel II: Implications for Islamic Banking,2005mv‡ji22-24b‡f¤îRvKvZ©vqlôB›Uvib¨vkbvj

Kbdv‡iÝ Ab BmjvwgK B‡KvbwgKm A¨vÛ e¨vswKs‡q Dc¯’vwcZ wbeÜ|

24| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

hvq|jÿŸxqwelqn‡jvweMZK‡qKeQia‡i d‡Zvqvi MwZ †ek †Rviv‡jv| we‡kl K‡i

weMZkZvãxi†kl`yBeQiGesIBmed‡ZvqviwKQzwKQzLyeBweZwK©Z|

wKQzÔbZzbÕd‡ZvqvidjvdjAbyavebGeswievwbwl‡×imywbw`©ógvKvwm`-Gim‡½Zvm½wZc~Y©

wKbvZvg~j¨vq‡biRbÄvgivcÖ_‡gBmjvgxA_©vqbSzuwKimxgvGescÖK…wZch©v‡jvPbv

Kie|GiciSzuwKcÖkg‡biRbÄ¯úóÔbZzbÕd‡ZvqviweKíwn‡m‡egvKvwmèvÜec×wZi

cÖ¯Íve Kie|

2.4 Bmjvgx A_©vqb Pzw³i SzuwKi aib

BmjvgxA_©vqbPzw³¸‡jviweeiYGesêwkó¨bZzbK‡iZz‡jaivQvovB¯^Ztwm×ev¯ÍeZvi

wfwË‡Z G¸‡jvi SzuwKi aib eY©bv Kiv hvq| Avgv‡ì ev¯Íe Rxe‡b NUgvb mewKQzB

kixÔAvn&qMÖnY‡hvM¨GesG‡Z†Kv‡bv†hvRbxqevAbygvbwfwËKwKQz†bB|Ab¨K_vq,GB

SzuwK¸‡jvicÖK…wZBZv‡ìSzuwKiaibwbY©qK‡i†`q|BmjvgxA_©vqbPzw³i†gŠwjKA_©vqb

Dcv`vb¸‡jvn‡”Q:

1. Av‡qi †hŠw³KZv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Aek¨B Zv m¤ú`wfwËK n‡Z n‡e : m¤ú` †Kv‡bv

eë¯’vc‡Ki(D‡`¨v³v)Kv‡Qn¯ÍvšÍiKivn‡q‡QA_evBRviv†`qviRbïvLvn‡q‡Qev

cybivqwewµiRbïvLvn‡q‡Q|

2. A_©vq‡bim¤ú`wfwËZvimnRvZcÖK…wZiKvi‡Y(†hgbdjevDRydiv³)A_evev¯Íe

evRvikw³icÖfv‡e(†hgb,wRwbmI†mev)c‡Yïe„w×NUv‡e|

16

3. wewb‡qvMKvix(m¤ú`†RvMvb`vZv)AvqK‡ib†Kv‡bvcÖe„w×ÿgm¤ú‡ìgvwjKnIqvi

Rb¨| wewµevBRvivA_©vq‡bG welqwU¯úón‡jIAskx`vix‡Z¡iG‡RwÝDcv`v‡bi

g‡a¨ GUv Dn¨ _v‡K (†Kbv c‡Yï A_© †RvMvb`vi Ae¨vnZ gvwjKvbv)|

4. kixÔAvn&m¤§Zwewb‡qvMGesA_©vqbPzw³iRb¨ˆbwZKIkixÔAvnwfwËKhvPvB|

Gmeêwk‡óïwbR¯âi‡biSzuwKi‡q‡Q|Z‡e,†gŠwjKwelqwUn‡jv(BmjvgxA_©vqbcY¨

Acwinvh©fv‡eev¯ÍeevRv‡ii†jb‡`b,Z_v:m¤ú`,cY¨Ges/ev†meviwfwË‡Zn‡e)cY¨,

16 A‡_©iwelqwUKxn‡e,GUvwK†Kv‡bvAskx`vixA_©vq‡bcyuwRn‡Zcv‡i?meviZvrÿwYKReven‡eÔbvÕKviY,A_©

e„w×†c‡Zcv‡ibv|BmjvgxA_©vqbPzw³iIciK¬vwmK¨vjmvwn‡Z¨GBevwn¨Khyw³†g‡bwb‡qejvn‡q‡Q†hA_©

Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm,m¤úÌDrcv`‡biDcv`v‡bim‡½wewbgqKivhvq|d‡j,ZvAskx`vixA_©vq‡bcyuwRwn‡m‡eI

eënvi Kiv hvq| Z‡e, kZ© n‡jv †h GwU eënv‡ii cÖ_g avc (cY¨, BZ¨vw` †Kbvi avc) n‡e G‡RwÝ Pzw³i wfwË|

Ab¨ K_vq, G‡RwÝ Pzw³i Kj¨v‡Y, hv me Askx`vix-wfwËK A_©vq‡b Dn¨ _v‡K, A_© †RvMvb`vZvi gvwjKvbv IB

m¤ú‡`cwiYZn‡ehv†Kv‡bvG‡R›U/Askx`viwK‡b†b‡e|d‡jA_©e„w×cvIqviGLwZqvifz³n‡jvGesZv†Kv‡bv

Askx`vix A_©vqb Pzw³‡Z cyuwR ev g~j wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e|

FYweg~Z©n‡jIGKwUev¯Íem¤ú`hv†Kv‡bvAskx`vixeë¯’vqcyuwRwn‡m‡eeënviKivhvqbv|KviY,GwUcÖe„w×i

GLwZqvifz³m¤ú‡`cwiYZKivhvqbv|kixÔAvn&mvwn‡Z¨G‡KA‡_©ig‡Zvwe‡ePbvKivnqwb|KviY,cY¨Ges

Drcv`‡biDcv`vb†KbviRb¨ZvrÿwYKfv‡eZvcvIqvhvqbv|FYmsMÖ‡niRb¨mgqIkÖ‡gicÖ‡qvRbnq|G‡Z

wdGes/evAb¨vb¨PvR©AšÍfz©³_v‡KweavqAvjv`vI¯úóG‡RwÝPzw³cÖ‡qvRbnq|wKš‘GKeviFYmsMÖnn‡q

†M‡jZvbMèvAb¨vb¨m¤ú‡`cwiYZnq|GiciAskx`vixwfwËKA_©vqbm¤úwK©ZPzw³m¤úv`bKivhvq|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 25

†mevGesDrcv`bkxjc‡YïgvwjKvbvjv‡fiRbÄvgivmwZ¨KviSzuwK wb‡qKvRKwi|

ZvB,Avgv‡ìmvg‡bmw¤§wjZfv‡eg~j¨SzuwKGesAciPzwbwUK÷SzuwK_v‡K|Avgiv†hmy`-

cÖfvweZevRv‡ievmKiwQ†mLv‡b wØZxqwU‡KmvaviYfv‡emy`-nviSzuwK wn‡m‡eAvL¨vwqZ

Kiv nq|

17

hLbB†KvbPzw³F‡Yim„wóK‡iZLbBFYSzuwKev †LjvwcnIqviSzuwKm„wó

nq Ges †h‡Kv‡bv AvšÍte¨w³Km¤ú‡K© ˆbwZKöjbSzuwK (moral hazard risk) m„wó n‡Zcv‡i|†h‡nZzg~j¨SzuwKBmjvgxA_©vq‡bAZ¨šÍ¸iæZ¡c~Y©,gyivevnvGesAvw_©KBRviveë¯’vi

ÔevaëvaKZvc~Y© A½xKviÕ-Gi Kvi‡Y Zv eûjvs‡k K‡g †M‡jI Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi A_©vq‡bi

(Askx`vix Ges m¤ú`wfwËK wewb‡qvM) †ÿ‡Î GUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ePbv wn‡m‡e †_‡K hvq|

ˆbwZKöjbSzuwKi†ÿ‡ÎGUv¯úóZaviwfwËKA_©vq‡bi†P‡qAskx`vixA_©vq‡bi†ejvq

A‡bK†ewk|Gigv‡bn‡jvmy`wfwËKc×wZ†_‡Km‡iwM‡qgykvivKvevgyivevnvAej¤^b

Kivn‡j†mLv‡bˆbwZKöjbSzuwKeû¸Y†e‡ohv‡e|Ab¨w`‡K,AciPzwbwUK÷-SzuwKI

FYSzuwKigvÎvGescÖK…wZ we‡ePbvq wb‡jBmjvgxGescÖPwjZA_©vq‡big‡a¨ †Zgbeo

†Kv‡bvcv_©K¨†`L‡Zcv‡ebv†KD|

3. SzuwK cÖkg‡b gvKvwm`-evÜe c×wZi D`vniY

wbe‡ÜiGBAs‡kK¬vwmK¨vjkixÔAvn&mvwn‡ZïmnRvZwKQzSzuwKcÖkgbeë¯’vwb‡qAv‡jvPbv

Kivn‡e|Avgiv†`L‡evGmeeë¯’viêwPÎ¨c~Y©cÖ‡qvMm¤¢vebvi‡q‡Q|hvigva¨‡gSzuwKKg

†`LvqGgbd‡ZvqviØvi¯’nIqvicÖ‡qvRbxqZvK‡ghv‡e|Gmed‡Zvqvgv‡Sg‡a¨Ggb

a~gªRvjm„wóK‡ihvid‡jKw_ZÔBmjvwgKcyuwRevRviÕ-Gig‡ZvwKQzcY¨m„wóimvnmˆZwi

nq|

we‡kl K‡i myKzK Ges Ki‡cv‡iU wewb‡qv‡Mi g‡Zv bZzb Bmjvgx A_©vqb c‡Yï †ÿ‡Î

wewb‡qvMKvix‡ìSzuwKKwg‡qAvb‡Z †ek wKQz eë¯’vAej¤^bKiv hvq| †hgb : †i‡fby¨

fvMvfvwM, †mev Ges DRydiv³-wfwËK A_©vqb, cyuwRexgv, eÜKx, Z…Zxq c‡ÿi M¨vivw›U,

wecixZ gyivevnv (reverse Murabahah)GesgyivevnvjvBb-Ae-†µwWU|

3.1 †i‡fby¨ †kqvwis Ges †i‡fby¨ †kqvwis myKzK

gy`viveveë¯’vqZnwejcÖwfkbivLviRb¨gyRvivnvc×wZcÖ‡qv‡MiIciwfwËKK‡i†i‡fby¨

†kqvwis aviYv cÖwZwôZ| gy`vivevq wbU jv‡fi GKwU Ask Znwej †hvMvb`vi (ive Avj gvj)-

GiRb¨ wbw`©ó|Ab¨ w`‡K,Avq †kqvwisA_©vq‡b †gvU †i‡fbyÄv‡qiGKwUAskm¤ú`

†RvMvb`vZviRb¨wbw`©óivLvnq,hvDrcv`bcÖwµqvqeënviKivnq|ZvB†i‡fby¨†kqvwis

A_©vqbn‡jv†KbviRbÏqvKvjvev¯’veim¤ú`m„wóGesm¤ú`gvwjKIm¤ú`cwiPvj‡Ki

g‡a¨gyRvivnv-wfwËKAskx`vixZ¡ÑG`yeë¯’vimgš^q|

17 Bmjvgx A_©vqb my`-cÖfvweZ cÖPwjZ A_©vqb evRv‡ii AwZ ÿz`ª Ask wb‡q KvR K‡i| ZvB GB wek¦evRv‡i Bmjvgx

A_©vqbcYÏwe‡µZvivn‡jvg~j¨MÖnYKvix,g~j¨wba©viKbq|hLbB†Kv‡bvPzw³F‡Yim„wóK‡iZLbBFYSzuwKev

†LjvwcnIqviSzuwKm„wónqGes†h‡Kv‡bvAvšÍte¨w³Km¤ú‡K©ˆbwZKöjbSzuwK(moral hazard risk)m„wón‡Zcv‡i|

26| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

myKzKai‡bicÖ‡qv‡M,†KvbUªv÷(mw¤§wjZfv‡emewewb‡qvMKvixicÖwZwbwa)IqvKvjviwfwË‡Z

GKwU Gmwcwf (Special Purpose Vehicle)†RvMvb†`q|GBGmwcwf(cwiPvjbvKvixim‡½m¤úvw`Z†Kv‡bvBmwZmbvPzw³igva¨‡g)nq‡Zv†Kv‡bvwegvbe›ì,†Uvj†ivWevKi‡cv‡iU

d¨v±wi wbg©vY K‡i Zv †i‡fby¨ †kqvwis‡qi wfwË‡Z cwiPvj‡Ki (eë¯’vcbv) nv‡Z Zz‡j †`q|

Gi d‡j IB wegvbe›ìwUi gvwjK n‡e Uªv÷ Ges wewb‡qvMKvixiv wegvbe›ì †_‡K †gvU

†i‡fby¨ Av‡qi Ask cv‡e| Gfv‡e †i‡fby¨ †kqvwis aviYv AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY Ges †Kv‡bv

Drcv`bkxjKi‡cv‡iUcÖK‡íA_©vq‡biKv‡RIcÖ‡qvMKiv†h‡Zcv‡i|

GB eë¯’v wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì GKwU BwZevPK gybvdvi (k~‡bï †P‡q †ewk) wbðqZv †`‡e|

KviY, me©‡gvU †i‡fby¨ memgq BwZevPK nq| cÿvšÍ‡i gy`vivev eë¯’vi Zzjbvq †i‡fby¨

†kqvwiseë¯’vGgbwKcwiPvjK/eë¯’vcbv†jvKmvb¸b‡jIwewb‡qvMKvix‡ìgybvdvw`‡q

_v‡K| gybvdvi e¨vcv‡i wewb‡qvMKvix‡ì D‡ØM Kgv‡Z gybvdvi wbðqZv w`‡q †h ÔbZzbÕ

d‡Zvqv †`qv n‡”Q Zv kixÔAvn& `„wó‡KvY †_‡K weåvwšÍKi n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb : FYwfwËK

†jb‡`b‡hvM¨ myKzK (debt-based tradable Sukuk) Bmy¨|

Ab¨w`‡K†i‡fby¨†kqvwiseë¯’vwewb‡qvMKvix‡ìwewfbœiKggybvdviwecix‡Z†Kv‡bvmyiÿv

cÖ`vbK‡ibv|ZvBG‡KGL‡bvgy`vivevIgykvivKvig‡ZvAskx`vixwn‡m‡e†kªwYfz³Kiv

nq| gybvdvq †Zgb †ni‡di bv nIqvi wbðqZv †`‡e cÖK‡íi w¯’wZkxjZv Ges †m¸‡jvi

m¤¢eciZvhvPvB‡qikw³gËv|

Z‡e,gy`vivevIgykvivKvig‡Zv†i‡fby¨†kqvwiseë¯’vIwb‡gœv³`ywUc×wZi†h‡Kv‡bvGKwU

A_evGKBm‡½`ywUAej¤^‡biga¨w`‡qcÖwZ¯’vcbKivhvq:

1. GgbkZ©hvcwiPvjK/eë¯’vcbviwbUgybvdvA_evwewb‡qvMKvix‡ìAv‡qiIci

GKwUmxgvAv‡ivcKi‡e|GBmxgviDØ„ËAb¨†Kvbcÿcv‡eA_evwfbœkZKiv

Abycv‡ZewÈZn‡e;Ges

2. weZiY‡hvM¨mg‡qwewb‡qvMKvix‡ìgybvdvqmgZvm„wóGesg~j-GiM¨vivw›UiRb¨

wewb‡qvMKvix‡ìgybvdvGes†Kv‡bvmswkøóZ…ZxqcÿA_evmxgviDØ„Ë†_‡Kwb‡q

GKwUZnwejm„wó|

3.2 †mev Ges DRydiv³-wfwËK A_©vqb

Ae¨vnZgy`ªvùxwZGesµgea©gvbkªgg~‡jï(RxebhvÎvigv‡bvbœqb)A_©bxwZ‡Z†mevGes

DRydiv³-wfwËKA_©vqbGesmyKzKgybvdvGes/evcyuwRÿ‡qhvIqv †iv‡aGKwUPgrKvi

†KŠkj| Gi KviY n‡jv : gybvdv cwi‡kva Kiv nq e¯‘i (kind) wfwË‡Z Z_v, †mev BDwbU

A_evDRydiv³BDwb‡UiwfwË‡Z|GwUg~j¨ùxwZiAv‡iKwUkixÔAvn&m¤§ZcÖwZ‡ivaK,hvi

Rb¨Ggb†Kv‡bvm‡›`nhy³d‡ZvqviØvi¯’n‡Znqbvhv‡Z†Kv‡bvbv†Kv‡bvfv‡ec‡ivÿ

my` AšÍfz©³ i‡q‡Q|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 27

3.4 cyuwR exgv Ges RvgvbZ

RvgvbZ MÖn‡Yie¨vcv‡ikixÔAvn&AvBbmywew`Z|F‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎGicÖ‡qvMnq|Gigv‡b

n‡jv†h‡KvbFY-m„wóKvixA_©vqbevFY-cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jKmyKzKRvgvbZmgw_©Zn‡Zcv‡i|

RvgvbZ†KejF‡Yig~‡ji wbðqZvB†`qbvZvfvov-F‡Yicvkvcvwk†mevIDRydiv³

†_‡Km„óGgbF‡Yie¨cv‡iIwbðqZvinvwZqviwn‡m‡eKvRK‡i|GKBfv‡e,hwÌ†mevI

DRydiv³A_©vqbgy`ªvùxwZiweiæ‡×cÖwZ‡ivaKwn‡m‡eKvRK‡i,G¸‡jvRvgvbZ-mgw_©ZI

n‡Z cv‡i| hv g~jZ cyuwR I gybvdvi wbðqZv †`q| Gi KviY, g~jZ ÔgvbvwdÕ Pzw³i wfwË‡Z

†mev I DRydiv³ A_©vqb Kiv nq|

3.5 Z…Zxq c‡ÿi M¨vivw›U : Avgvb‡Zi wbðqZv

GKwUcÿbvn‡qI†Kv‡bvA_©vqbPzw³‡ZAvMÖni‡q‡QGgb†Kv‡bvmËv/e¨w³IBPzw³‡Z

M¨vivw›U cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zv Z…Zxq c‡ÿi M¨vivw›U wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq| GB M¨vivw›Ui AvIZvq cyuwRi

cvkvcvwkgybvdviwbðqZvI_vK‡Zcv‡i|†hgb,†Kv‡bvmiKviZviwbR¯^m¤ú‡ìwfwË‡Z

gy`vivevA_evgykvivKviwfwË‡Z†Kv‡bv†KŠkjMZevbexbwk‡íZnwej†RvMvbw`‡”QGgb

†Kvb wewb‡qvMKvixi AbyK~‡j Z…Zxq cÿ n‡q M¨vivw›U w`‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j wewb‡qvMKvixi

cyuwRi wbðqZvi cvkvcvwk b~¨bZg gybvdviI wbðqZv _v‡K| Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h M¨viv›Ui‡K

Aek¨B Avw_©K Ges AvBbMZfv‡e eë¯’vcbv Askx`vi (gy`vwie) †_‡K Avjv`v n‡Z n‡e|

KviY,gy`vivevIgykvivKvn‡jvÔAvgvbvnnv›`ÕPzw³|†hLv‡b†KejAe‡njv,Aceënviev

Pzw³ikZ©j•NbKi‡jBAwfhy³KivhvqwKš‘evwYwR¨KÿwZiRbÄwfhy³Kivhvqbv|

ZvB,Avgv‡ì‡KmemgqPzw³ievB‡i_vKvAvMÖnxKvD‡KMïv›Uviwn‡m‡eevQvBKi‡Zn‡e,

whwb †Kv‡bv Gmwcwfi g‡Zv Z…Zxq cÿ wn‡m‡e wbðqZv †`‡e| †Kv‡bv eë¯’vcbv Askx`vi Gi

gvwjKn‡ebv|miKvihLbwW‡cvwRUwie¨vs‡Ki(gy`vwienIqv)Ici†Kv‡bvPvR©avh©QvovB

Gai‡biM¨vivw›U†`qZLbGBÔZ…Zxqc‡ÿiM¨vivw›UÕiaviYvBmjvgxe¨vs‡Kiwewb‡qvM

Znwe‡ji†ÿ‡ÎIcÖ‡qvMKiv†h‡Zcv‡i|my`v‡bGUvKivn‡q‡Q|gy`vivevAvgvbZKvix‡ì

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28| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

3.6 wifvm© gyivevnv Ges gyivevnv jvBb Ae †µwWU

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wbR¯êënvh©DcKiY†KbviRb¨ wifvm©gyivevnvcÖ‡qvMKivn‡jZv¯úóZGBc×wZi

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hv‡e| gyivevnv Pzw³I Bmjvgx e¨vsK‡K cÖvq wbivc` Ges cwiwgZ gybvdv G‡b †`q|

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g‡Zv bq|

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A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ IqvKvjvi Kj¨v‡Y wifvm© gyivevnvi wfwË‡Z †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 29

MÖvn‡KiRb¨cY¨Ges†mevµqGesA_©vqbKvixiPjwZwnmve†_‡KZviwb‡Riwifvm©gyivevnv

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K_vq wifvm©gyivevnviRb¨†Kv‡bvgva¨wgKevRvim„wóKivhv‡ebv|GUvn‡jv†Kv‡bve¨vsK

MÖvnK‡K gyivevnv Aby‡gv`‡bi Av‡MB wifvm©gyivevnveë¯’vwUm¤úbœKi‡Znq|

3.7 evwÛj/c¨v‡KR A_©vqb : msL¨vMwiôZv bxwZ cÖ‡qvM

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cvIbv I bM` nq Zvn‡j Kgb ÷K evRvig~‡j¨ †Kbv‡ePv Kiv hv‡e bv|

18

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18 hwÌGUvGKwUZvwË¡KNUbvA_evAšÍZA¯ú„k¨m¤úÀšÍfz©³bvnIqvch©šÍev¯ÍeRxe‡bhvLyeBweij|KviY,

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30| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

3.8 weKí¸‡jvi gva¨‡g †nwRs

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Abyev` : gvmyg wejøvn

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 31

gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i Av‡jv‡K

e¨vswKs I Avgv‡ì KiYxq

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e¨vswKs‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨|

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32| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

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2

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3

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6

gvKvwm` I gvmvwjn

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2 Avey nvwg` Avj-Mvh&hvjx, Avj-gykZvkdv wgb Bjg Avj-Dm~j, Kvq‡iv : Avj-gvKZvevn Avj-wZhvwiq¨vn, 1973,

L.1,c„.139-140|

3 Beªvnxg Be‡b gymv Avk-kvwZwe, Avj-gyIÔAvdvKvZ,Kvq‡iv,`viæjnvw`m,2006,c„.379|

4 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBe‡bAvïi, wUªwUR Ab gvKvwm` Avj-kixÔAvn&, IqvwksUb, w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ae

BmjvwgK_U,2006,c„.91|

5 BDmyd Avj Kvivhvfx, wdKûh-hvKvZ,êiæZ:gyqvmmvmvZziwimvjvn,2000,L.1,c„.31|

6 W. Avng` ivBm~bx, bvhwiqvZzj gvKvwm` Bb`vj Bgvg Avk-kvwZwe,wiqv`:`viæjAvjøvwgq¨vn&,1990,c„.19|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 33

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n‡jD‡Ïk¨wUkixÔAvn&m¤§Zn‡ebv|Kj¨vYKivIAKj¨vY`~iKiviDfqD‡Ïk¨hw`GK

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kixÔAvn&m¤§Zn‡ebv|

gvKvwm` Z‡Ë¡i D™¢e I weKvk

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AvjøvnZvqvjv`ywbqvqivm~jcvwV‡q‡Qb|ZviD‡Ïk¨m¤ú‡K©Avj-KziAv‡bejvn‡q‡Q,ÔAvwg

Kj¨v‡Yimymsev`†NvlYvKvixGesmZK©Kvixiƒ‡civm~jcvwV‡qwQ,†hbZv‡ìAvMg‡bici

Avjøvnimvg‡bgvby‡li†Kv‡bvARynvZ†Zvjvimy‡hvMbv_v‡K|Õ

7

GKBfv‡e†klbexm¤ú‡K©

ejvn‡q‡Q,ÔAvwgAvcbv‡KcvwV‡qwQwek¦evmxiRb¨KiæYviAvaviiƒ‡c|Õ

8

gvbylIwRbm„wóiD‡Ïk¨m¤ú‡K©ejvn‡q‡Q,ÔAvwgwRbIgvbylm„wóK‡iwQGBD‡Ï‡k¨

†h, Zviv AvgviB Bev`vZ Ki‡e|Õ

9

RxebIg„ZzïD‡Ïk¨m¤ú‡K©KziAv‡bejvn‡q‡Q,ÔwZwb

(Avjøvn)g„ZzÏRxebm„wóK‡i‡Qb†Zvgv‡ìg‡a¨`vwqZ¡cvj‡b†KDËgZvcixÿvKivi

Rb¨|Õ

10

kixqviweavbmg~‡niD‡Ïk¨Kx?Gm¤ú‡K©KziAvbej‡Q,ÔAvjøvn†Zvgv‡ì‡KK‡ó†dj‡Z

Pvbbv|wZwb†Zvgv‡ìcweÎKi‡ZPvbAvi†Zvgv‡ìIciZvi†bqvgZc~Y©Ki‡ZPvb,

hv‡Z†ZvgivK…ZÁnI|Õ

11

bvgv‡RiD‡Ïkëjvn‡q‡Q,ÔwbðqbvgvRAkøxjZvIg›`KvR

†_‡K weiZiv‡L|Õ

12

†ivhviD‡Ïkëjvn‡q‡Q, Ô†Zvgv‡ìIci†ivhvdiRKivn‡q‡Q,

†hgbdiRKivn‡qwQj†Zvgv‡ìc~e©eZ©x‡ìIci,hv‡Z†ZvgivZvKIqvi¸YAR©bKi‡Z

cv‡iv|Õ

13

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Rxeb|Õ

14

7 Avj KziAvb, 4 : 165

8 AvjKziAvb,21:107





13 AvjKziAvb,2:183


34| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

ivm~jmv.GesZvimvnvweIZv‡ewqM‡YiKvh©µ‡ggvKvwm‡`kixqviwelqwU iæZ¡†c‡q‡Q|

cÖv_wgKhy‡MiAvwjgMYgvKvwm‡`kixqviwewfbœwelqwb‡qAv‡jvPbvK‡i‡Qb|wnKgZev

cÖÁv,BjøZevKvh©KviY,gvmvwjnevKj¨vY,gvdvwmèvAKj¨vYwel‡qZLbKviwewfbœ

MÖ‡š’wKqvm,BmwZnmvb,gvmjvnvBZ¨vw`cwifvlvqeënviKivn‡q‡Q|

Bmjvgx kixqvi wewaweav‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z ÔgvKvwm`Õ kãwU cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib Zv‡ewq

hy‡Mi wPšÍvwe` Avj-nvwKgAvZ-wZiwgwh (IdvZ 296 wn./908 wLª.)| `kg kZ‡KiAvey

Rv‡qÀvj-evjwL(IdvZ-933wLª.)gyqvgvjvn&evAvPiYwel‡qkixqviD‡Ïk¨(Maqasid of Dealings)Av‡jvPbvK‡ib|ZvimgmvgwqKBe‡bevevDq¨vn&Avj-Kzw¤§(IdvZ-991wLª.)kiwq weav‡bi †nZyev` ev gvKvwm` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| GKB mg‡q Avj-Avwgwi Avj-

dvBjvmyd(IdvZ-991wLª.)kiwqweav‡biD‡Ï‡kï¯Íiweb¨v‡miD‡`¨vM†bb|

gvKvwm`welqK Av‡jvPbv KvVv‡gvMZfv‡e `kg kZK ch©šÍ wQj cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q| cieZ©x

wZb‡kveQ‡iwelqwUKvVv‡gvMZiƒccvq|†PŠÏkZKbvMv`Gwel‡qc~Y©v½DmyjevbxwZkv¯¿

ˆZwinq|GBgyÏ‡Z†ekK-RbgbxlxgvKvwm‡ìZvwË¡KwfwËIKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡YAe`vb

iv‡Lb:

GKv`k kZ‡Ki gbxlx RynvBbxi(IdvZ-1085wLª.,478wn.)gvKvwm‡ìAv‡jv‡Kgvby‡li

Pvwn`v cuvP ¯Í‡i fvM K‡ib| †m¸‡jv n‡jv : 1. Acwinvh© cÖ‡qvRb, 2. mvaviY cÖ‡qvRb, 3.

ˆbwZKAvPiY,4.mvaviYAby‡gv`bGes5.GgbcÖ‡qvRbhv wbw`©ófv‡eweb¨vmKivhvq

bv|Zvig‡Z,gvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&n‡jvCgvb,Rxeb,eyw×e„wË,eskavivIm¤ú‡ìwbivcËv

wbwðZ Kiv|

RynvBbxi GB ÔcÖ‡qvRbxqZv ¯Íi ZË¡Õ (Theory of levels of necessities)-Gi Av‡jv‡K Zvi

QvÎBgvgMvh&hvjx(IdvZ-1111wLª.,505wn.)kixÔAvn&iD‡Ïk¨‡KcuvP Í‡iweb¨¯ÍK‡ib|

Mvh&hvjxZvi¯Íiweb¨v‡mwek¦vm,Rxeb,we‡eK,eskavivIm¤ú`myiÿviK_ve‡jb|

†Z‡iv kZ‡Ki wPšÍvwe` Be‡bAve`ymmvjvg(IdvZ-1209wLª.,660wn.)gvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&i

ZvwË¡K we‡køl‡YbZzbgvÎv †hvMK‡ib|ZvimgmvgwqKgbxlx wknveDÏxbAvj-Kvivwd

(IdvZ-1285wLª.,684wn.)ivm~jyjøvnmv.-Gimybœvn‡KD‡ÏkÏj‡¶ïAv‡jv‡K†kÖwYe×

Kivi K_v e‡jb|

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g~j¨, hyw³m¤§Z ÿwZc~iY, Dchy³ gRywi I m½Z gybvdv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb

GK‡PwUqvKvieviev`ye©jevRvieë¯’vcbvi†gvKvwejvqcÖ‡qvRbxq†KŠkjAej¤^bGes

evRviì wbqš¿‡Y Z`viKKvix cÖwZôvb ÔwnmevnÕ cÖPj‡bi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, kixÔAvn&i

D‡Ïk¨n‡jvgvby‡liÁvbMZDrKl©mvab|mvwe©Kb¨vqwePvi,`qv,mg„w×IÁv‡big‡a¨B

Kj¨vYwbwnZ|†Kv‡bvmgv‡Rb¨vqwePv‡iicwie‡Z©Ryjyg,`qvicwie‡Z©K‡VviZv,Kj¨v‡Yi

cwie‡Z©Kvc©YÄviÁv‡bi¯’‡jg~L©ZvcÖejn‡jkixÔAvn&iD‡Ïkë¨vnZnq|†mBAv‡jv‡K

Avw_©K†ÿ‡ÎmywePvi(Av`j)GesRb¯^v_©(gvmjvnvAvjAv¤§vn)myiÿvKi‡Zn‡e|mywePvi

IRb¯^v_©we‡ivaxmewKQz†_‡Kgvbyl‡Kgy³Ki‡Zn‡e|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 35

†PŠÏ kZ‡Ki Aci wPšÍvbvqK Avey BmnvK Avj-kvwZwe (IdvZ-1388 wLª, 790 wn.)

gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i e¨vL¨vq RynvBwb I Mvh&hvjxi ¯Íi web¨vm mg_©b K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb

gvKvwm` nvwm‡ji c×wZ I Kg©‡KŠkj wb‡q Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| kvwZwe

c~‡e©v³ cuvPwU cÖ‡qvRb‡K wZb ¯Í‡i cybwe©b¨vm K‡ib| †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. RiæwiqvZ,

2. nvwRqvZ I 3. ZvnmvwbqvZ|

cieZ©xhy‡MBR‡Znv‡ìaviv`ye©jn‡qc‡o|AvVv‡ivkZ‡Ki†klbvMv`G†ÿ‡ÎKvh©Z

eÜ¨vZ¡ †b‡g Av‡m| Gici wek kZ‡K KÕRb gbxlx G wel‡q KvR K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨

†gvnv¤§ÀvjZvwniBe‡bAvïi(IdvZ1907wLª.),iwk`wi`v(IdvZ1935wLª.),gynv¤§`

Avj Mvh&hvwj (IdvZ 1996 wLª.), W. BDmydAvjKvihvwf (Rb¥ 1926 wLª.), Z¡vnv Avj

AvIqvwb(Rb¥1926wLª.),ZvnvAvj-AvjIqvwb(Rb¥1935wLª.)we‡kl¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

kvwZwei Ôgvmjvnv wcivwgWÕ

gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i Av‡jv‡K gvby‡li Pvwn`v ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv g~j¨vq‡b kvwZwei ¯Íiweb¨vm

ÔgvmjvnvwcivwgWÕbv‡gAwaKcwiwPZn‡q‡Q|AvaywbKwPšÍvwe`MYGBKvVv‡gvwU‡Kwe‡kl

¸iæZ¡w`‡”Qb|Bmjvgxe¨vs‡KibxwZcÖYqbIwm×všÍMÖn‡YPvwn`viGBAMÖvwaKvi¯ÍiwfwËK

we‡ePbvwe‡kl¸iæZ¡jvfK‡i‡Q|

K) RiæwiqvZ : kvwZweig‡ZvRiæwiqvZn‡jv†mmeAwZAvek¨KxqwelqhvQvovgvbeKj¨v‡Yi

MwZavive¨vnZnq|RiæwiqvZc~iYbvn‡jRxe‡bwech©q†`Lv†`q|A_©vrRiæwiqvZGgb

welq hv gvby‡li wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ Acwinvh©|

Riæwiqv‡Zi cuvP fvM

Bgvg kvwZwe RiæwiqvZ ev Acwinvh© Pvwn`v‡K cuvP fvM K‡i Zvi cÖwZwUi †ndvRZ Kiv

AZ¨vek¨KxqKZ©e¨we‡ePbvK‡ib|†m¸‡jvn‡jvÑ1.wndRy`Øxbevwek¦v‡mimsiÿY;2.

wndRybbdmevRxe‡bimsiÿY;3.wndRybbmjeveskavivimsiÿY;4.wndRyjgvjev

m¤ú‡ìmsiÿYGes5.wndRyjAvKjeveyw×e„wËimsiÿY|

wZwbe‡jb,mebvMwi‡KiRbÄZ¨vek¨KxqGBcuvPwU Pvwn`v wbwðZKiviv‡óªim‡e©v”P

AMÖvwaKvig~jK`vwqZ¡|ivóªGB`vwqZ¡cvjbKi‡e|G‡ZBkvwšÍ,mdjZvIKj¨vYGes

AvwLiv‡Zigyw³wbwnZ|

1. wndRyb bdm& ev Rxeb msiÿY : Bmjv‡gi`„wó‡Zbdm& evRxebAvjøvnicÿ †_‡K

AZxe g~jëvb AvgvbZ| Gi msiÿY, my¯’Zv weavb Ges Rxe‡bi AwaKvi h_vh_fv‡e

Av`vq Kiv me gvby‡li KZ©e¨| Rxe‡bi myiÿv I weKvk mvab Ki‡Z n‡e Ges me ai‡bi

ÿwZIwech©q†_‡KRxe‡biwbivcËvwbwðZKi‡Zn‡e|GRbÄb¨vqn¯Í‡ÿc,A‰ea

nZ¨vKvÐ,AvZ¥nZ¨v,Mf©cvZBZ¨vw`wbwl×Kivn‡q‡Q|

2. wndRy` Øxb ev Øxb msiÿY : Øx‡bi AbymiY Qvov gvbweK cÖkvwšÍ, mvgvwRK k„•Ljv

Img„w×m¤¢ebq|ØxbweewR©ZmgvRgvbweKZvI ˆbwZKZvnvwi‡qfvimvg¨nxbn‡q

36| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

c‡o|Øxb msiÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Rxeb‡K mnR Kiv Ges mij c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Kivi

gva¨‡gBnKvjxbkvwšÍIciKvjxbgyw³wbwðZKivkixÔAvn&iD‡ÏkëvgvKvwm`|Øxb

cwicvjbGesG†ÿ‡ÎhveZxqmxgvj•Nb,Ab¨vqIRyjyg†_‡K`xwbRxe‡bimyiÿv

kixÔAvn&i D‡Ïk¨|

3. wndRyj AvKj ev eyw×-we‡eK msiÿY : Avjøvngvbyl‡Keyw×-we‡eKIB”Qvkw³ w`‡q

Ab¨mecÖvYxiIci†kÖôZ¡w`‡q‡Qb|gvbyl‡Kwe‡eKeyw×AbyhvqxdqmvjvKivimvg_©¨

†`qvn‡q‡Q|†mBmv‡_Zv‡KKj¨vYe„w×IAKj¨vY`~iK‡igvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&ijÿ¨

AR©‡bi`vwqZ¡†`qvn‡q‡Q|AvKjevwe‡eK-eyw×igva¨‡ggvbylKj¨vYjvfIAKj¨vY

`~iKiviRb¨KvRKi‡e|hyw³c~Y©wPšÍvGesmZ¨DcjwäQvovmvdj¨jvfm¤¢ebq|

4. wndRyb bmj ev eskaviv msi¶Y :gvbylAvjøvniLwjdvwn‡m‡eG`ywbqvAvev`Ki‡e|

gvby‡lieskaviviÿviRbÄvjøvn&ZvqvjvbvixIcyiælm„wóK‡i‡QbGesmy¯’IcweÎ

Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ êevwnK m¤úK©wfwËK cvwievwiK eë¯’v w`‡q‡Qb Ges mvgvwRK

wek„•Ljvgy³mymf¨D¤§vnMV‡bimy‡hvM w`‡q‡Qb|gvbyl‡KGBeskavivmsiÿ‡Yme

eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. wndRyj gvj ev m¤ú‡ì msi¶Y : wndRyj gvj ev m¤ú` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ b¨vqbxwZ,

wbivcËvImš‘wóiwfwË‡Zm¤úÀR©bI†jb‡`‡biwbivcËvwbwðZKi‡Zn‡eGes

Pzwi,WvKvwZ,mš¿vmIivnvRvwbmnmxgvj•Nbg~jKKvR†_‡Km¤úìÿviwbðqZvweavb

Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjv‡gm¤ú`‡KRxebavi‡YiRbÄZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡ePbvK‡iGi

msiÿ‡YiIci iæZ¡†`qvn‡q‡Q|BgvgkvwZwem¤ú`msiÿY‡Kiv‡óªi iæZ¡c~Y©KZ©e¨

e‡j‡Qb|`vwi`ª`~iKivGesabxim¤ú‡èwÂZIAfvexiAwaKviwbwðZKivIm¤ú`

msiÿ‡Yi ch©vqfz³|

L) nvwRqvZ :nvwRqvZn‡jvcwic~iKKj¨vY|gvbeRxe‡bK‡VviZvevmgm¨vIAmyweav

`~i K‡i ¯^”Q›` Avbvi DcKiY¸‡jv nvwRqv‡Zi ch©vqfz³|d‡j ˆ`bw›`b RxebhvÎvi

cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jvi eoAskB nvwRqvZg~jK| iv¯ÍvNvU, hvbevnb, †Ljvi gvV, cvK© cÖf…wZ

gvby‡liRxebhvÎv‡KmnRIAvivg`vqKK‡i|G¸‡jvgvbyl‡KKóI¶wZ†_‡Ki¶v

K‡i|Gm‡eiAfv‡eRbRxebAPjnqbv|Z‡eGiAfv‡e¯^”Q›è¨vnZnq|Rxeb‡K

mnRmy›ìAvivg`vqKKi‡ZnvwRqv‡Zi†RvMvbImsiÿYgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&iwØZxq

AMÖvwaKvi|

M) ZvnwmwbqvZ : ZvnwmwbqvZ gv‡b my›ì I DËg| Acwinvh© I cwic~iK Kj¨vY AR©‡bi ci

Rxeb‡KAv‡ivmy›ì,cwicvwUIAwaKZi†mŠ›`h©gwÐZKi‡ZhvwKQzìKvi,†m¸‡jv

Zvnmvwbqv‡Zi ch©vqfz³| ZvnmvwbqvZ gvby‡li ixwZbxwZ I AvPvi-AvPi‡Y cwiï×Zv

I cwic~Y©ZvAvb‡ZmnvqK|ZvnmvwbqvZe¨vwßkxj|Zvnmvwbqv‡Zim¤úK©µgea©gvb

Kj¨v‡Yi mv‡_|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 37

kvwZwe I gvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcv‡bi Zzjbv

kvwZweiPvwn`vZË¡Av‡jvPbvcÖm‡½gvm‡jviwe‡ePbvwUg~j¨vqbKiv†h‡Zcv‡i|wekkZ‡Ki

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ZË¡Õ (Need Hierarchy)AvaywbKeë¯’vcbvqL¨vwZ†c‡q‡Q|

gvm‡jvi g‡Z, gvby‡li cuvPwU Pvwn`v mywbw`©ó Ges AvbyµwgK| h_vÑ 1. ˆRweK Pvwn`v

(Physiological Needs);2.wbivcËvg~jKPvwn`v(Safety & Security Needs);3.mvgvwRKPvwn`v (Social Needs);4.gh©v`vMZPvwn`v(Self esteem needs) Ges e¨w³ cwic~Y©Zv Pvwn`v

(Self Actualization Needs)|GmePvwn`v wbP†_‡Kµgkwcivwg‡Wig‡ZvcieZ©xav‡cIc‡ii w`‡K hvq| gvm‡jvi Pvwn`vZË¡ welqwfwËK (Subjective)|ZviGBg‡W‡j†`Lv‡bvPvwn`vmg~‡ni c~iY GKvšÍfv‡e e¨w³i wbR mvg‡_©ï Ici wbf©ikxj|

gvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i wecix‡Z Bgvg kvwZwei Pvwn`v Íi web¨vm ev Ôgvmjvnv wcivwgWÕ

Kj¨vY‡Kw›`ªK I D‡Ïk¨wfwËK (Objective Oriented)| d‡j kvwZwei Pvwn`v †mvcvb e¨w³i

Ômvg_©¨Õbq,eismve©RbxbÔcÖ‡qvRbÕ-GiµgAMÖvwaKv‡iiwfwË‡Zweb¨¯Í|kvwZweig‡Z,

gvby‡limeRiæwicÖ‡qvRbevPvwn`vAMÖvwaKviwfwË‡Zc~iYKi‡Zn‡e|G†ÿ‡Îmvg_©¨hvi

hZKg,ZvicÖwZivóª,mgvRIKj¨vYeªZxcÖwZôvbZZ†ewkìw`n‡q`vwqZ¡cvjbKi‡e|

GB`„wófw½Ôgvm‡jvg‡W‡jÕAbycw¯’Z|

gvm‡jviPvwn`v†mvcvbZ‡Ë¡†`Lv‡bvn‡q‡Q,gvby‡liPvwn`viGK Íic~iYnIqvgvÎB†mAb¨

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†cÖiYv w`‡q eë¯’vcKMY Kg©x‡ì‡K w`‡q KvR Kwi‡q †b‡eb, hv eë¯’vcbvi GKUv gb¯ÍvwË¡K

†KŠkj| gvm‡jv e¨w³i Kj¨vY wb‡q K_v e‡jbwb| gvm‡jv Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi w`‡K bRi w`‡q

ZviPvwn`vi†mvcvbAv‡jvPbvK‡i‡Qb|wKfv‡eGBPvwn`vc~iYn‡eZvGLv‡b iæZ¡cvqwb|

Ab¨w`‡K,kvwZweigvmjvnvwcivwgWPvwn`vevcÖ‡qvRbc~i‡Yiwe¯Í…Z†ÿÎm„wóK‡i‡Q|GwU

cÖv‡qvwMK I gvbweK|

38| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

gvKvwm‡` kixqvi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

Bmjvgxe¨vswKsGKwUAvaywbKKvh©µg|cÖv_wgKhy‡MGai‡bie¨vswKs‡qicÖPjbwQjbv,

Z‡eZLbKvihy‡MiDc‡hvMx†jb‡`bIA_©vqbwQj|e¨vswKsIA_©vq‡bi†ÿ‡ÎgvKvwm‡`

kixqvg~jZwndRAvj-gvj-GiAšÍf©y³welq|cvwifvwlKA‡_©wndRAvj-gvjevm¤ú`

msiÿYej‡ZeySvqPzwi,WvKvwZIAb¨vb¨mxgvj•Nbg~jKKvR†_‡Km¤ú‡ìmyiÿvI

ZË¡veavb wbwðZKivGesb¨vqbxwZImš‘wói wfwË‡Zm¤úÀR©bI †jb‡`bcwiPvjbv

wbwðZKiv|m¤úÀR©‡binvjvjc_Ic×wZMZmxgvbvimyiÿvIkixqviD‡Ïk¨|

Bmjvgx kixqvi D‡Ïk¨ gvbeZvi Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kiv| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ †mB D‡Ïk¨ c~iY

Ki‡e|BmjvgxA_©bxwZiAskiƒ‡cBmjvgxe¨vsKZvijÿ¨,D‡ÏkÏKg©c×wZime¯Í‡i

Bmjvgx kixqvi bxwZgvjv I Av`k©wfwËK †mB A_©bxwZi D‡Ïk¨mva‡b KvR Ki‡e| †mB

wbwi‡LBmjvgxe¨vs‡KiD‡Ïk¨n‡jve¨vswKs†ÿ‡Îgvby‡liKj¨vYmvabGesAKj¨vY`~i

Kiv|

Bmjvgxe¨vsKZviKg©Kv‡ÐimecÖwµqvqmy`mnmeai‡biwbwl×Dcv`vbcwinviK‡iI

kixqvm¤§Zcš’vqm¤ú‡ìêaZvIcweÎZvwbwðZKi‡eGesRbM‡Yim¤ú‡ìwbivcËv

weavbImve©Rbxbe„nËiKj¨v‡YKvRKi‡e|

W.GgDgiPvcovAvw_©K†ÿ‡ÎkixqviGBD‡Ïk¨‡Kms‡ÿ‡cImnRfv‡eDc¯’vcbK‡i

e‡j‡Qb,BmjvgxA_©bxwZijÿÏD‡Ïk¨n‡jvKj¨vYg~jKmgvR|†mmgv‡RmecÖwZôvb

b¨vq, mgZv I ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡e| Bmjvgx e¨vsK Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi gvKvwm` ev

D‡Ïk¨c~i‡Yij‡ÿ¨Kv‡Rime†ÿ‡ÎA_©‰bwZKKj¨vY,mve©RbxbåvZ…Z¡IAvw_©KmywePvi

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44| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

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A_©vqbc×wZ‡Z e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ c‡Yï †Kv‡bv m¤úK© _v‡K bv Ges F‡Yi †Kv‡bv ch©v‡qB

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myèvo‡Z_v‡K|Ab¨ w`‡KBmjvgxe¨vs‡Kiµq-weµqc×wZ‡Ze¨vsKIMÖvn‡Kig‡a¨

c‡Yï`vgGKeviBmve¨¯Ínq|wba©vwiZmg‡qig‡a¨MÖvnK†m`vgcwi‡kvaKiviA½xKvi

K‡ib| G Pzw³i Aax‡b †Kv‡bv MÖvnK †hŠw³K Amyweavi Kvi‡Y mgqg‡Zv wewb‡qvM cwi‡kv‡a

e¨_©n‡jZv‡KAwZwi³†Kv‡bvA_©cwi‡kvaKi‡Znqbv|Z‡eh_v_©KviYQvovwewb‡qvM

MÖvnKmgqg‡Zvwewb‡qvMcwi‡kvabvKi‡jPzw³ikZ©Abyhvqxe¨vsKwej¤^RwbZÔÿwZc~iYÕ

Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i|ÿwZc~i‡Yi GBA_© e¨vs‡KiAvq iƒ‡c we‡ewPZ nq bv| A_©vr GB

A_© e¨vs‡Ki MÖvnK, Kg©Pvix ev †kqvi‡nvìviMY cvb bv| Rwigvbvi A_© kixqv Aby‡gvw`Z

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mgvRKj¨vYev‡o|

Bmjvgxe¨vs‡Kiwewb‡qvMKvh©µ‡ge¨vsKIMÖvn‡Kim¤úK©cwic~iK|e¨vsKIMÖvnKmngg©x

n‡qeëmv‡qiDbœwZiRb¨†PóvPvjv‡e|MÖvn‡Kie¨_©ZviKvi‡Yhv‡Ze¨vs‡KigybvdvK‡gbv

hvq Ges Ab¨ w`‡K e¨vs‡Ki eë¯’vcbvi A`ÿZvi Kvi‡Y MÖvnK hv‡Z ÿwZMÖ¯Í bv nb †mRb¨

MÖvnKIe¨vs‡Kig‡a¨mgš^qImngwg©ZvBmjvgxe¨vswKsKviev‡iiêwkó¨|

evsjv‡`‡kiBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvZv‡ì wewb‡qvMKvh©µ‡gigva¨‡gkixÔAvn&iD‡Ïk¨c~i‡Y

we¯Í…Z†ÿ‡ÎKvRKi‡Q|ZviwKQzwel‡qms‡ÿ‡cAv‡jvKcvZKiwQ:

1. wkí-evwYR¨ m¤úªmviY : evsjv‡`‡kiBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jv†`‡kiwkívq‡bmwµqIAMÖYx

f~wgKvcvjbKi‡Q|MZ wZb`k‡KBmjvgx e¨vs‡KiA_©vq‡b †`‡ke¨vcK wkívqb

n‡q‡Q|ˆZix†cvkvKwk‡íiDbœq‡bc„w_K…‡Zif~wgKvcvj‡bigva¨‡g†`‡kiBmjvgx

e¨vsK¸‡jv wkíwfwË ˆZwi, D‡`¨v³v Dbœqb Ges e¨vcK Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB

D‡`¨v‡Mid‡je¨vKIqvW© wjs‡KRId‡ivqvW© wjs‡KRag©xbvbvgyLx wkíKviLvbvM‡o

D‡V‡Q| †mB wkíwfwËID‡`¨v³v wfwËiIci †`‡k B¯úvZ,Jla, we`y¨r Drcv`b,

imvqb BZ¨vw` wk‡íi weKvk Z¡ivwš^Z n‡q‡Q| (GKKfv‡e AvBweweGj-Gi A_©vq‡b

†`‡keZ©gv‡bPvinvRv‡ii†ewk wkíKviLvbvcwiPvwjZn‡”Q)e„nr wk‡íicvkvcvwk

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 45

Bmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jv¶z`ªIgvSvwiwk‡íAMÖvwaKviwfwË‡Zwewb‡qvMKi‡Q|†`‡kicÖ_g

Bmjvgxe¨vsKwUGmGgBLv‡Z †`‡ki †gvU wewb‡qv‡MicÖvqm‡Z‡ivfvMGKKfv‡e

cwiPvjbvKi‡Q|

2. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb : gvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&iRiæwiqvZev¯Íevq‡b`vwi`ªëoevav|mvgvwRKI

gvbweKwech©qm„wóKvix vwi`ª¨gvbyl‡KKzdwiiw`‡K†V‡j†`q| vwi`ª¨ ~iKi‡ZAvw_©K

Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i Riæwiqv‡Zi ch©vqfz³| †`‡ki cÖ_g Bmjvgx

e¨vsKwU1995mvj†_‡KÔcjøxDbœqbcÖKíÕ(AviwWGm)PvjyK‡i‡Q|GcÖK‡íiAvIZvq

eZ©gv‡bmv‡oAvVv‡ivnvRviMÖv‡gbqjvLcwiev‡iiAvw_©KDbœq‡bKvRKi‡Q|Ghver

e¨vsKwUGBcÖK‡í10nvRvi†KvwUUvKvi†ewkwewb‡qvMK‡i‡Q|kn‡iifvmgvb`vwi`ª¨

`~ixKi‡Y 2012 mv‡j Urban Poor Development SchemeevÔkni`wi`ªDbœqbcÖKíÕPvjyKivn‡q‡Q|we‡k¦i†gvUBmjvgxÿz`ªwewb‡qv‡MicÂvkfvMBGKKfv‡eevsjv‡`‡k

Bmjvgxe¨vs‡KiGBcÖK‡íiAax‡bcwiPvwjZn‡”Q|GBcÖK‡íiAax‡bÿz`ªwewb‡qvM

MÖvnKMYch©vqµ‡gwb‡R‡ìAe¯’vDbœq‡bimy‡hvMcvb|Gch©šÍ†mvqvjv‡Li†ewkÿz`ª

D‡`¨v³vcwievi wb‡R‡ì‡KgvB‡µvG›UvicÖvBRIGmGgB‡ZDËiY (Graduation) Ki‡Zmÿgn‡q‡Qb|†`‡kicÖvqmeBmjvgxe¨vsKG†ÿ‡Îµgea©gvbAe`vbivL‡Q|

3. Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó : Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i wndRyb& bd&m, wndRyb&-bmj

I wndRyj AvKj ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ hy³| evsjv‡`‡ki me Bmjvgx e¨vsK cÖZ¨ÿ I

c‡ivÿfv‡eKg©ms¯’vbm„wó‡ZAe`vbivL‡Q|ÿz`ªwewb‡qvM,KvwiMwicÖwkÿY,µxovI

mvs¯‹…wZKDbœqb,wkÿve„wËcÖ`vb,wkÿv_©x‡ìB›Uvb©wkc,D‡`¨v³vDbœqbcÖwkÿYcÖf…wZ

Kvh©µgev¯Íevq‡bGBe¨vsK¸‡jvKvRKi‡Q|(bZzbD‡`¨v³vm„wóij‡ÿÄvBweweGj

m¤úªwZZv‡ìwewfbœkvLvqAvUkZvwaKcÖwkÿYKg©m~wPigva¨‡gmvZvknvRv‡ii†ewk

bZzbD‡`¨v³v‡KcÖwkÿYw`‡q‡Q)Bmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jviA_©vq‡bwkíKviLvbv,GmGgBI

MÖvgxYcÖKímg~‡ncÖZ¨¶Ic‡iv¶fv‡ewÎkjv‡Li†ewk†jv‡KiKg©ms¯’vbn‡q‡Q|

wewb‡qvMKvh©µgQvovIBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jv‡ZeZ©gv‡bmvZvknvRv‡ii †ewkKg©KZ©v-

Kg©Pvix KvR Ki‡Qb| `ªæZ cÖmvigvb Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jv Rbkw³ wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡gI

Kg©ms¯’v‡bf~wgKvcvjbKi‡Q|

4. Avevm‡b wewb‡qvM : mxwgZ Av‡qi gvby‡li M„nvq‡b Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki Avevmb cÖKí

gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i AZ¨vek¨Kxq cÖ‡qvR‡bi me KÕwU w`K msiÿ‡Yi mv‡_ hy³| ivm~j

mv.cÖk¯Íevm¯’vb,mrcÖwZ‡ekxIAvivg`vqKevnb‡K†mŠfvMë‡j‡Qb(Avj&Av`veyj

gydiv`)| †`‡kiµgea©gvb Rb‡Mvôxi Avevmb mgm¨vi mgvav‡b Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jv

M„nvq‡bA_©vqbKi‡Q|evsjv‡`‡kBmjvgxe¨vsKPvjyim~Pbv†_‡KBGwelqwUAMÖvwaKvi

†c‡q‡Q|eZ©gv‡bAvBweweGjGBLv‡ZGKKfv‡e†`‡kim‡e©v”Pwewb‡qvMKvixcÖwZôvb|

5. bvix Dbœqb I ÿgZvqb : mgv‡RimvgwMÖKDbœqb†eMevbKi‡Zbvix‡KwkwÿZ,Kg©ÿg,

¯^vej¤^xI†hvM¨K‡i†ZvjvgvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&iRiæwiqv‡Zi me KÕwU ¯Íi I fvM‡K

46| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

kvwgj K‡i| Ôcyiæl hv AR©b K‡i Zv Zvi Ask, Avi bvix hv AR©b K‡i Zv Zvi AskÕ

16

|

†mev, wkí I eëmv-evwY‡R¨ bvix‡ì AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z wewfbœ Bmjvgx e¨vsK

bvix‡ìRb¨wewfbœLv‡Zwe‡klwewb‡qvMmyweavw`‡”Q|wbw`©ómxgvch©šÍRvgvbZwenxb

wewb‡qv‡Mi eë¯’v K‡i‡Q| cjøx Dbœqb cÖK‡íi cÖvq bq jvL MÖvn‡Ki Avwk kZvskB

bvix D‡`¨v³v| Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jvi GmGgB Ges Ab¨vb¨ wewb‡qv‡MI bvix‡ì e¨vcK

AskÖMÖnYi‡q‡Q|

6. RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb : evsjv‡`‡kiBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvM„nmvgMÖxwewb‡qvMcÖKí,Avevmb

wewb‡qvMcÖKí,Wv³viwewb‡qvMcÖKí,cwienbwewb‡qvMcÖKí,Mvwowewb‡qvMcÖKí,

cjøxM„nwbg©vYwewb‡qvMcÖKí,weevnwewb‡qvMcÖKíBZ¨vwìgva¨‡ggvby‡liRxebgv‡bi

Dbœq‡bkwiKn‡”Q|GKvh©µgkixÔAvn&invwRqvZIZvnmvwbqv‡Zich©vqfy³|

7. ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM : ¯^v¯’¨ myiÿv ÔwndRyb& bdm&Õ ev Rxe‡bi myiÿvi AšÍfz©³| wndRy`&-

ØxbevØx‡bimyiÿvimv‡_IGim¤úK©i‡q‡Q|Bmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jv¯^v¯’¨‡mevDbœq‡bKvR

Ki‡Q|wewfbœBmjvgxe¨vs‡KiG†ÿ‡ÎD‡jøL‡hvM¨Kg©m~wPi‡q‡Q|(AvBweweGjGhver

42wU Ilya wkí, 62wU nvmcvZvj I wK¬wbK Ges eû c¨v_jwRK¨vj †m›Uvi I WvqvMbw÷K

†m›Uv‡i wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| Wv³vi wewb‡qvM cÖK‡íi Aax‡b †`‡ki bexb Wv³vi‡ì

AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’v‡bieë¯’vK‡i‡Q|DbœZ wPwKrmvmiÄvg w`‡qcÖwZwôZWv³vi‡ìAvaywbK

wPwKrmv‡mevRbM‡YiKv‡Q†cuŠ‡Qw`‡”Q)|

8. gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb : †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w× I mZZv m„wó K‡i gvbyl‡K Kj¨vYKvwiZvi

mvg_©¨m¤úbœ`ÿI†hvM¨KivkixÔAvn&iGKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y©D‡Ïk¨|Bmjv‡ge¨w³imeêa

KvRB Kj¨vYmvab I AKj¨vY `~i Kivi mv‡_ hy³ Ges Zv Bev`Z wn‡m‡e MY¨| Avi †mme

KvRfv‡jvfv‡eKivi†hvM¨ZvAR©bmswkøó‡ìRb¨diR|W.DgiPvcovig‡Z,gvbe

DbœqbgvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&i†gŠwjKwelqhvRiæwiqv‡ZicuvPwUwel‡qimv‡_Bhy³|

Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jv Zv‡ì wewb‡qvM I mvgvwRK `vqe×Zvg~jK me Kv‡Ri Øviv

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BÝwUwUDUcÖwZôvK‡i‡Q|GBKvRDrKl©gwÐZKiviRb¨Bmjvgxe¨vsK†UªwbsA¨vÛ

wimvP©GKv‡Wwg†`‡kie¨vsKvi‡ìRb¨ÔBmjvgxe¨vswKswW‡cøvgvÕ(DIB)PvjyK‡i‡Q|

9. cwi‡ek msiÿY I meyR e¨vswKs : cwi‡ek msiÿY I meyRvqb kixÔAvn&i ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

gvKvwm`|Kv‡iv nv‡ZMv‡QiGKwUPviv_vK‡j wKqvgZAZ¨vmbœ n‡jIZv‡KPvivwU

gvwU‡Z†ivcYKi‡ZDrmvn†`qvn‡q‡Q(wZiwgwR)|meyRvq‡biGBbxwZI`k©b†g‡b

me wewb‡qvMKvh©µ‡gcwi‡ekmyi¶vBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvi ˆbwZKevaëvaKZv| wewfbœ

Bmjvgxe¨vsK wMÖbe¨vswKsKvh©µ‡giAvIZvqR¡vjvwbmvkªqx ê`y¨wZKmiÄvg,†mvjvi

c¨v‡bjeënvi,Af¨šÍixYAbjvBbwfwËK†hvMv‡hvMwbwðZK‡i‡Q|KvMRwenxbe¨vswKs

Pvjyiw`‡Kav‡cav‡cAMÖmin‡”Q|

16 Avj KziAvb, 4 : 32|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 47

10. mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv (wmGmAvi) : gvKvwm‡` kixÔAvn&i bxwZ Abyhvqx gvbyl‡K ìw` I

ci¯úiKj¨vYKvgxn‡Zn‡e|ìw`gvbylMVbGesìw`gvbyl‡ìmgš^‡qìw`cÖwZôvb

Iìw`mgvRcÖwZôvkixÔAvn&ijÿ¨|cvi¯úwiK`vq‡evaIìw`g‡bvfve weKwkZ

K‡iAv_©mvgvwRKDbœq‡bBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvmgv‡RicÖwZZv‡ì`vwqZ¡IKZ©e¨cvjb

Ki‡Q|†mBwe‡ePbvqBmjvgxe¨vs‡KimeKvh©µgBmvgvwRK`vqe×ZviAvIZvfz³|

Bmjvgxe¨vs‡KiRgvIwewb‡qv‡Mime†mevmvgvwRK`vqe×ZviA½xKv‡iimv‡_hy³|

Z`ycwi ^vfvweKe¨vswKs†mevKvh©µ‡gievB‡i†_‡KhvIqvwecyjAfvexIewÂZgvby‡li

Rxebgv‡biDbœq‡bKvRKivBmjvgxe¨vs‡KiˆbwZKevaëvaKZv|gvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&i

cuvPwU†gŠwjKPvwn`vc~i‡YewÂZIAfvexGesK‡ócovgvby‡licv‡kùvov‡bvBmjvgx

e¨vsK¸‡jvi AZ¨vek¨Kxq `vwqZ¡|

GB j‡ÿ¨ Bmjvgx e¨vsK¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK †jb‡`‡bi evB‡i RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wk¶v,

¯^v¯’¨,`y‡h©vMeë¯’vcbv,µxov,mvs¯‹…wZKDbœqb, †mŠ›`h©e„w×,Av‡m©wbKgy³cvwbcÖKí,

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e¨vsK¸‡jvmemgqÎvYmnvqZvwb‡qcv‡k uvovq|evsjv‡`‡kie¨vswKs†m±‡iRbKj¨v‡Yi

aviYvm„wóI†eMevbKi‡ZBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvcw_K…‡Zif~wgKvcvjbK‡i‡Q|

wkÿvi AwaKvi msiÿY ev wndRyj AvK&j wbwðZ Ki‡Z bvix-cyiæ‡li Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq

ÁvbvR©‡bimy‡hvMm„wóGesG †ÿ‡ÎAvw_©Kevav`~iKi‡ZBmjvgxe¨vsK¸‡jvKvR

Ki‡Q|†gavexAwZ`wi`ª wkÿv_©x‡ìRb¨wewfbœ†gqvw`wkÿve„wËieë¯’vKivQvovI

wewfbœBmjvgxe¨vsqKwcÖ-¯‹zj,g³e,gvìvmv,K‡jR,wek¦we`¨vjq,†gwWK¨vjK‡jR,

bvwm©scÖwkÿYBwbw÷wUDU,†UKwbK¨vjBwbw÷wUDU,†fv‡Kkbvj†Uªwbs†m›Uvi,cvVvMvi

BZ¨vw`cwiPvjbvKi‡Q|

¯^v¯’¨‡mevLv‡Z wecyj wewb‡qvMKiv QvovIAvBweweGj1,021kh¨vwewkó6wU wbR¯^

nvmcvZvjI7wUKwgDwbwUnvmcvZvjGes5wU†nvwgIc¨vw_KwK¬wbKcwiPvjbvKi‡Q|

GBKvh©µ‡giAax‡bcÖwZeQicÖvq`kjvL†ivMxmvkÖqxg~‡j¨mivmwi wPwKrmv‡mev

cvb|GQvovMÖvgxY`wi`ªRb‡Mvôxig‡a¨åvg¨gvYPÿzwkwei,mybœ‡ZLvZbvcÖf…wZKg©m~wP

i‡q‡QwewfbœBmjvgxe¨vs‡Ki|

gvKvwm` AR©‡b wKQz KiYxq

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs‡q †`‡kiAvw_©K Lv‡Z †hKj¨vYgyLx aviv m„wóK‡i‡Q gvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&i

Av‡jv‡K†maviv†eMevbKiviRb¨cÖ‡qvRbAvBwbmyweav,KvVv‡gvMZms¯‹vi,mswkøóbxwZ

wba©viK,cwiPvjKI†ckv`vie¨vsKvi‡ìÁvbMZmvg_©¨GesRbM‡Yim‡PZbZve„w×|GRb¨

bxwZwba©viYxD‡`¨vMGesbvbvweacÖwkÿY,M‡elYvIcÖPviYvg~jKKvh©µgMÖnYKivcÖ‡qvRb|

Avw_©KAšÍfz©w³,gvbweKe¨vswKs,mvgvwRK`vqe×Zv,bvixiÿgZvqb,ÿz`ªRb‡MvôxiKj¨vY,

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Gij¶Ïmve©Rbxb|Z…ZxqZ,GwUm¤ú~Y©AšÍfz©w³g~jK|Avjøvnie‡›`wMevGev`Z(Avjøvni

cÖwZ KZ©e¨) A_ev gyqv‡gjvn ev †jb‡`b (Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li cÖwZ KZ©e¨) wbwe©‡k‡l me gvby‡li

Kv‡RimswkøóZvi‡q‡QG‡Z|me‡k‡l,GwUmsÁvg~jK|GwUïayGKK†jLvA_evcÖgvY

†_‡K†bqvnqwb,wewfbœDrm†_‡KZv†bIqvn‡q‡Q(`ymywKIevD‡nivDqv,2011)|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 53

2.3 †kÖwYwefvM

gymwjg gbxlxMY gvKvwm` kixÔAvn&‡K mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ (gvKvwm` Avgvbvn) Ges wbw`©ó

D‡Ïk¨(gvKvwm`Lvmvn)GB`ywUcÖavbfv‡MfvMK‡i‡Qb|Avj-kvwZwe(1975)mvaviY

D‡Ïk¨‡KAv‡ivwZbwUeoDcwefv‡MfvMK‡i‡Qb|G¸‡jvn‡jv:Acwinvh©(RiæwiÔqvn),

cwic~iK(nvwRwqqvn)GesAj¼iY(Zvnwmwbqvn)|RiæwiqvnA_©Rxe‡bimv_©KZvhvi

Icigvbyl‡KAvewk¨Kfv‡e wbf©iKi‡Znq,hvag©,Rxeb,eyw×,eskavivGesm¤ú`Ñ

kixÔAvn&iGcvuPwUwe‡eP¨welqwb‡qMwVZ|Z‡ewKQycwÐZcvuPwUg~jRiæwiÔqvnievB‡i

gvby‡liKj¨v‡YiRb¨mgZv, ^vaxbZvGescwi‡eki¶vig‡ZvAZxe iæZ¡c~Y©RiæwiÔqvni

K_ve‡j‡Qb|Zvuivhyw³†`b†h,cuvPg~jRiæwiqvngvbeKj¨v‡YiRbÄek¨B†gŠwjK|

wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRb‡KGB 5wUi g‡a¨ mxwgZ ivLv hvq bv| nvwRwqqvn n‡jv Acwinvh© ¯^v‡_©i

m¤ú~iKAviGm‡ei cÖwZAe‡njv Rxe‡bKóI `y‡f©vM wb‡qAv‡m|Z‡eZv Rxeb‡K

GKev‡iAPjK‡i †`qbv|ejv nq,KójvN‡eiRb¨Gm‡eicÖ‡qvRb|Zvnwmwbqvi

cÖ‡qvRb nq cwi‡kvab I cwic~Y©Zvi Rb¨|

gvKvwm`Lvmvn-Gimv‡_ BmjvgxAvBbkv‡¯¿iD‡Ïk¨RwoZ, hv w`‡qAvw_©K †jb‡`b ev

cvwievwiKAvB‡big‡Zvwbw`©ówel‡qimyivnvKivnq|Be‡bAvïie‡j‡Qb,GiD‡Ï‡kï

g‡aï‡q‡QRb¯^v‡_©i¸iæZ¡Zz‡jaiv,mvavi‡Yi¯^v_©nvwbK‡iGgb†ÿ‡Îwb‡Rie¨w³MZ

¯^v_©AR©‡bi†PóvwbiærmvwnZKiv,AmZK©ZvGescÖe„wËi`vm‡Z¡ig‡ZvÎæwU¸‡jvm¤ú‡K©

mveavbKiv(Be‡bAvïi,2001)|

2.4 gvmjvnvi g~jbxwZ

mvavi‡YiKj¨v‡YGesmvgvwRKAïfkw³Ges yb©xwZcÖwZ‡iv‡aAvBbkv‡¯¿invwZqviwn‡m‡e

gvmjvnv memgq eënvi n‡q _v‡K| Avj-Mvh&hvwj, Zvi gvmjvnv aviYvq Gi msi¶Y‡K

ÒkixÔAvn&i cÖvšÍ mxgvi msi¶YÓ wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡ib| Avewk¨Kfv‡e gvmjvnvÕi †gŠwjK

A_©ag©wek¦vm,cÖvY,eskaviv,eyw×e„wËGesm¤ú`msiÿ‡Yig‡Zvmve©RbxbD‡Ï‡kïmv‡_

m¤úwK©Z|AviA‡b‡KB †hfv‡ee‡j‡Qb †Zgbfv‡eG‡K wZwb †Kejgvbejÿ¨ wn‡m‡e

D‡jøLK‡ibwb(AvjMvh&hvwj1973)|

Avj-kvwZwegvmjvnv‡KkixÔAvn&iGKgvÎjÿ¨wn‡m‡eAMÖvn¨K‡ie‡j‡QbRbMY‡Kkvmb

KivGesGev`Zmnmvavi‡YiKj¨vYKi wPšÍvimeeë¯’vG‡ZAšÍfz©³Kivh‡_ó| wZwb

gvmjvnv‡Kg~jbxwZwn‡m‡emsÁvwqZK‡i‡QbhvgvbeRxweKviRb¨DcKvix,gvby‡liRxeb

avi‡Yc~Y©Zv `vbKvixGesZvigvbwmKIeyw×e„wËK¸Yvewj wn‡m‡eGicÖ‡qvRb (Avj-

kvwZwe, 1975)|

Be‡b Avïi gvmjvnvi `ywU cÖavb ai‡bi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb; GKwU n‡jv hvi wbwðZ myweav

gvbylcv‡e(†hgbÑLv`¨MÖnY,RvgvKvcociv,¯¿xev¯^vgximv‡_m¤úK©BZ¨vw`)|GiRb¨

kixÔAvn&imv‡_m¤úK©K‡iwewaweavb†`qvAcÖ‡qvRbxqMY¨n‡Zcv‡iKviYGUvgvby‡liRb¨

my¯úómyweav,gvby‡licÖvK…wZKB”Qvimv‡_mswkøógvmjvnv|AwaKš‘Gmy¯úómyweavAR©‡bi

54| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

c‡_ evav AcmviY Ki‡Z kixÔAvn&i Ici `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z PvIqv Gi Ici Av‡iv Pvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi

bvgvšÍi|gvby‡liRb¨Kgmy¯úómyweav(†hgbÑiv¯ÍviAv‡ivcÖmvi,iv‡ZwbivcËvi¶x‡ì

weavbBZ¨vw`),Av‡Migvmjvnvig‡Zvbq,G†ÿ‡ÎkixÔAvn&icivgk©†`qvig‡Zvn¯Í‡ÿ‡ci

cÖ‡qvRbi‡q‡Q|GKBmv‡_GwUbvgvbvevj•N‡biRb¨Rwigvbvi weavb_vK‡Zcv‡i|

gvmjvnvGLv‡bwKQzUve¨w³we‡k‡liRb¨,AviwKQzUvmvwe©Kmgv‡RiRb¨cÖ‡hvR¨n‡Zcv‡i|

Be‡bKvBwq¨gZviBmwZmjv‡niaviYvw`‡q‡QbA_©‰bwZK`„wó‡KvY†_‡K|BmwZmjvnev

Rb¯^v‡_©iwe‡ePbv‡Z(AvjgvmjvnvAvjAvgvbvn)†hLv‡bRb¯^v‡_©wb‡`©kbvm¤^wjZ†Kv‡bv

kwiÔAvn&wb‡`©kbv†bB†mLv‡bAvBbcÖYq‡biK_vejvn‡q‡Q|GwUn‡Zn‡ekixÔAvn&i†PZbv

GesD‡Ï‡kïmv‡_mvhyR¨c~Y©;GwUn‡Zn‡e†hŠw³KIb¨vqm½Z|AviGwUmvaviYfv‡e

RbM‡YiKójvN‡eiRb¨n‡Zn‡e|wZwbGRbÄvBwbKvVv‡gv‡KmswÿßK‡ibhviwfwË

n‡”QcÖÁvIgvbweKKj¨vY(AvD`v,2008)|

gvmjvnviaviYvwe‡klfv‡eˆbwZKA_©bxwZimv‡_m¤úwK©Z|KviYGwUb¨vqwePvicÖwZôv,

Kzms¯‹vi wbg©~j, Kó jvNe, mn‡hvwMZv, Rb¯^v_© msiÿY, mvavi‡Yi myweav, mgv‡Ri g‡a¨

cvi¯úwiKmn‡hvwMZvGesmvgvwRKAïfkw³ev`yb©xwZcÖwZ‡ivaAviKj¨vYwbwðZKivI

AKj¨vY`~iKivimv‡_m¤úwK©Z(`ymywK,2010)|

gvmjvnvKvh©µ‡giwcivwgWGKwUˆbwZKQuvKwbcÖwµqvig‡ZvKvRK‡i|D`vniY¯îƒcwZb

¯Í‡iiwePvwiKivqZv‡ì`vwqZ¡cvj‡bi†ÿ‡ÎwfbœwfbœgvÎvi¸iæZ¡cÖKvkK‡i|GwUˆbwZK

m•NvZwbim‡bKvh©KicÖgvwYZnq|†LqvjKiviwelqn‡jvwcivwgWKvRKiviRb¨Zv‡ì

Av‡`‡ki¸iæZ¡we‡ePbvqwZb†kÖwYimsi¶YAZ¨vek¨K|GQvovGBwZbwU¯Íicvi¯úwiK

m¤úK©hy³Gesci¯ú‡iiIciwbf©ikxj|Acwinvh©Dcv`vb(Riæwiqvn)n‡jvGiwb¤œch©vq|

GwUAcwinvh©Pvwn`vimsi¶YIcÖwZiÿ‡YiRb¨KvRK‡i|Avi†mRb¨me©mvavi‡Yi¯^v‡_©

GwUKvRK‡iGesGimv‡_mevBm¤ú„³_v‡K|

myZivs,mgv‡RiRb¨¶wZKin‡Zcv‡iGgb†h†Kv‡bveëmvKvh©µgGov‡bviRb¨Bmjvgx

Avw_©KcÖwZôv‡bi ag©xq, ˆbwZKImvgvwRK`vwqZ¡Av‡Q| wØZxq¯Í‡i, hviAfv‡eRxeb

¯^vfvweKbvnIqviSzuwKi‡q‡QZvn‡jvcwic~iK(nvwRwqqvn),hvKó`~iKiviRb¨cÖ‡qvRb

nq,wKš‘GiAfve ^vfvweKRxeb‡KGKev‡iwecbœK‡i†Zv‡jbv|BmjvgxAvw_©KcÖwZôv‡bi

cÖ_g ¯Í‡ii Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi ci Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cÖmvwiZ Kiv DwPZ| Ae‡k‡l m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q

wcivwgWRxeb‡Kwb®‹›UKKiviRb¨cwikxjbevAj¼i‡YicÖwZjÿiv‡L(Zvnwmwbqvn)|

GB†kÖwY‡ZAšÍfz©³Bmjvgxms¯’v¸‡jvi`vwqZ¡n‡jvRbRxe‡bAe¯’viDbœwZmva‡bKvh©Ki

c`‡¶cMÖnYKiv|

2.5 Bmjvwg A_©vq‡bi mgvRKj¨vY Kv‡R gvKvwm` kixÔAvn&i cÖfve

BmjvgxA_©vqbeë¯’v‡KgvKvwm`Lvmvnevwbw`©óD‡ÏkïAax‡b†kÖYxKiYKivhvq|Bmjvgx

A_©vqbeë¯’vig‡a¨cvuPwURiæwiÕqvnig‡a¨GKwUm¤ú‡ìmsiÿYAšÍfz©³_vKvqGimv‡_

gvKvwmÀvgvbvnImswkøón‡qc‡o|GwUAveviAb¨PviRiæwiqvnimv‡_AvšÍtm¤úwK©Z,

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 55

we‡klZ ag© msiÿ‡Yi welqwUi mv‡_ hy³| myZivs Bmjvgx A_©vqbeë¯’vi mvaviY D‡Ï‡kï

m‡½m¤úÀR©‡biD‡ÏkÏcix¶vKivcÖ‡qvRb|

gvKvwm`kixÔAvn&iPvwn`vn‡jvBmjvgxAvw_©KcÖwZôvb¸‡jvkixÔAvn&†hcyYÏˆbwZKgvb

wba©viYK‡i‡QZvAbymiYKi‡e(`ymywKIevD‡nivDqv,2011)|cÖwZôvb¸‡jvGwUAbymiY

Ki‡eAvie¨w³GescÖwZôvb¸‡jvi`vwqZ¡IAwaKv‡iig‡a¨fvimvgëRvqivL‡e(Pvcov,

1992)| †hgb,kixÔAvn&iA‡bK wb‡lavÁv mevi¯^v_© i¶vImgmyweav wbwðZKiYGes

mgv‡RikvwšÍmsnwZmsiÿ‡Yi¯^v‡_©Kivn‡q‡Qe‡jg‡bKi‡Zn‡e,hvgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&i

jÿ¨|†KDhyw³†`Lv‡Zcv‡ib†h,gvKvwm`kixÔAvn&we‡klZAvw_©KcÖwZôv‡biRb¨,wm×všÍ

MÖn‡YiGKwUmy¯úóKvVv‡gvGescwieZ©b‡Kgvwb‡q†beviGKwUDcvqˆZwiK‡i|AwaKš‘

ZvivˆbwZKiv‡qiwb‡`©wkKvwn‡m‡eIKvRK‡i(`ymywKIevD‡nivDqv,2011)|

gvKvwm` kixÔAvn& Bmjv‡gi me©v½xY `„wófw½i cÖKvk| Bmjvg‡K LwÛZ bq eis GKwU

c~Y©v½RxebweavbGesmgwš^Z w`Kwb‡`©kbv wn‡m‡e †`LvAvek¨K|Gijÿ¨ n‡jv `ywbqv

IAv‡Liv‡Ze¨w³ImgvRmeviKj¨vYnqGgbGKeë¯’vwbwðZKiv(`ymywK,2010)|

mvgvwRKb¨vqwePvi,m¤úÌAv‡qimylgeÈbGesA_©‰bwZKDbœqb‡KZ¡ivwš^ZKivmn

BmjvgxA_©bxwZijÿÄR©‡biRb¨mgv‡RiKj¨vYmva‡bi vqe×ZvIagx©qKZ©e¨cvjb‡K

†hbme©`vAMÖvwaKvi†`qvnqZvwbwðZKi‡Zn‡e(`ymywK,2008L)|mw¤§wjZfv‡eGwU

Bmjvgx A_©vq‡bi wb‡`©kbv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GB g~j¨‡eva kixÔAvn&i †PŠnwÏi g‡a¨ eRvq

_v‡KhvicÖKvkïay†jb‡`‡bigyn~‡Z©BmxwgZ_v‡KbvGKBmv‡_mgv‡RZvk¦¦vm-cÖk¦¦v‡mi

g‡Zvf~wgKvcvjbK‡i(`ymywK,2008L)|

GQvovgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&cÖvwZôvwbK¯Í‡icÖwZwôZKivI¸iæZ¡c~Y©|Ab¨K_vq,ag©,Rxeb,

eyw×e„wË,mšÍvb-mšÍwZIm¤ú`ÑGBcvuPwU†gŠwjKPvwn`vmsi¶‡YiØvivRb¯^v_©IKj¨v‡Yi

eë¯’vKiviRb¨cÖvwZôvwbKeë¯’vmsMwVZKivicÖ‡qvRbi‡q‡Q|BmjvgxA_©vq‡bwe‡klZ

e¨vswKsLv‡ZgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&imgvšÍivjai‡biRb¯^v_©ImgvRKj¨v‡YKvRKivig‡Zv

eë¯’v i‡q‡Q|G¸‡jv n‡jv :Ki‡cv‡iUmvgvwRK`vwqZ¡ (wmGmAvi), †mevi gvb, MÖvnK

mš‘wó,RbmvaviYev†÷K‡nvìvi‡ìm‡PZbZv,†÷K‡nvìvi‡ìDcjwä,`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb,

¶y`ªFYGes`vZe¨KvR|Z‡eeZ©gvbcÖPwjZeë¯’v‡KBmjvgxeë¯’vqiƒcvšÍ‡ikixÔAvn&i

jÿ¨cy‡ivcywiAR©bnqbv|GmecÖwZôvbKZUvgvKvwm‡`kixÔAvn&iaviYvIKg©c×wZ‡K

aviYKi‡Zcvi‡e†mcÖkœIZz‡j‡QbA‡b‡K|

Rv‡mi AvD`v-i (2008) GK cyi‡bv mgxÿvq gvKvwm` kixÔAvn&i g~jbxwZ¸‡jv cwiPvjb

Ic×wZMZcÖvwZôvwbKeë¯’vi g‡a¨ wb‡qAvmvicivgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q| †mBmgxÿviKviY

n‡jvme©vZ¥K`„wófw½i†P‡qm‡¼vP‡bi`„wófw½,ˆbwZKZvi†P‡qAvÿwiK,eûgywLbZvi†P‡q

GKgywLZv,cigD‡Ï‡kï†P‡q bwgwËKwe‡ePbvAvimvwe©KD‡ÏkÏBmjvgxAvB‡big~jbxwZi

Kvh©KvwiZviAfve`„k¨gvbn‡qIVv|ZvimgxÿvqgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&iZË¡‡Kaªæc`xIeZ©gvb

RywiwWK¨vjZË¡‡Kg~j¨vq‡biRb¨`k©bMZI†gŠjKg©c×wZMZDcKiYwn‡m‡eeënviKiv

n‡q‡Q|G‡Zwe‡køl‡YibZzbc×wZimsÁvq‡biRb¨wm‡÷gZË¡ˆZwiKivn‡q‡Q|

56| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

Bmjvgx A_©vq‡b gvKvwm` kixÔAvn m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ M‡elYvq g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, Ki‡cv‡iU

mvgvwRK`vqe×ZvqgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&icÖ‡qvM (`ygywKIBiIqvwb,2007), †÷K‡nvìvi

cwi‡cÖwÿZ(2008K),BmjvgxcuywRevRvi(`ymywK,2010)IBmjvgxe¨vswKscY¨(nvwee

Avng`, 2011)| Gme M‡elYvq cvIqv hvq †h, hw` Bmjvgx e¨vswKs‡q Bmjvgx ÿz`ª A_©vqb‡K

AšÍfz©³Kivnq†ZvgvKvwm`kixÔAvn&cÖvavb¨cv‡e(Avng`,2004;GWeøyD`ymywK2008

L;GIqvRw``ymywKIAb¨vb¨2008)|

3. gymwjg gbxlx‡ì gZv`k© g~j¨vqb

Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v welqK mvwn‡Z¨ memgq eëmvwqK †jb‡`‡b A_©‰bwZK b¨vqwePvi,

my‡hvMGesm¤ú‡ìmylgeÈb,ˆbwZKZv,mgZvImZZviIci¸iæZ¡†`qvn‡q‡Q|hwÌ

mgv‡jvP‡Kive‡jb,BmjvgxA_©vqbeë¯’vieZ©gvbAbykxjbch©vßfv‡eAv`‡k©im‡½hy³

bq| G Rb¨ Avgiv Bmjvgx A_©vqbeë¯’vq gvKvwm` kixÔAvn& wPšÍvavivi ev¯Íevq‡bi Ici

GKwUg~j¨vq‡biwm×všÍwb‡qwQ|GBg~j¨vqbwUPviRbgymwjggbxlxigZv`‡k©iIciwfwË

K‡i ZwiKivn‡q‡Q|Zvivn‡jbBgvgAvj-Mvh&hvwj,Be‡bKvBwqg,BgvgAvj-kvwZweGes

Be‡bAvïi|GBgbxlx‡ì wbe©vPbKivn‡q‡QZv‡ìD‡jøL‡hvMÄe`v‡biRb¨|Zv‡ì

gZvgZeyS‡Zn‡jZv‡ìAwfg‡Zimv‡_mv‡_Zv‡ìcUf~wgwe‡kølYmgvbfv‡e¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

3.1 Bgvg Avj-Mvh&hvwj

BgvgAvj-Mvh&hvwjbv‡gcwiwPZgynv¤§`webgynv¤§`webAvngÀvj-BgvgAvj-KweiAvey

nvwg` Avj-Mvh&hvwj û¾vZ Avj-Bmjvg ga¨hy‡Mi GKRb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges AmvaviY gymwjg

cwÐZwQ‡jb|wZwb†Lvivmv‡b1058mv‡jRb¥MÖnYK‡ibGes1111mv‡jgvivhvb|Avj-

Mvh&hvwj wnRwicÂgkZvãx‡ZivR‰bwZKAw¯’iZvimgqgymwjgm¤cÖ`v‡qig‡a¨ we‡kl

ag©xqms¯‹viKwQ‡jb|AvBbkv¯¿,ag©ZË¡,`k©bImywdev`mnwZwbBmjvgxwk¶vime†¶‡Î

¸iæZ¡c~Y©Ae`vbiv‡Lb| wZwb`vk©wbKZvGesgZev‡ì`„wó‡KvY †_‡Kgb¯ÍË¡, ag©ZË¡I

ivRbxwZ wb‡qM‡elYvIAa¨qbK‡ibGesHkxÁv‡bi†hŠw³Ke¨vL¨vDc¯’vcbK‡ib|

Avj-Mvh&hvwj100wUig‡ZveB wj‡L‡Qbhvimvs¯‹…wZKgvbAcwi‡gq|Avi wZwbcieZ©x

eskai‡ìRb¨ wek`ÁvbfvÐvi †i‡Lhvb|ZvuieB¸‡jv`ywbqvRy‡ocwVZnqGesGme

eBBs‡iwR,¯ú¨vwbk,divwm,Rvg©vb,D`©y IgvjqmnbvbvfvlvqAbyev`Kivn‡q‡Q|G

†¶‡ÎZvuime‡P‡qeoKvRwQjGnBqvÕDjygAv`&-`xb(ag©weÁvb†i‡bmuv),gvKvwmÀvj-

dvjvwmdvn(`vk©wbK‡ìD‡Ïk¨)GesZvnvdzZAvj-dvjvwmdvn(`vk©wbK‡ìAm½wZ)|wZwb

GKRb gbxlx I wPšÍvwe` wn‡m‡e gymwjg we‡k¦ me©Rb¯^xK…Z Ges Zvi KvR Bmjvgx wPšÍvi

†ÿ‡ÎDbœZch©v‡qi†idv‡iÝwn‡m‡eMY¨Kivnq(g¨vUAvwLi,2010)|

3.2 Be‡b Avj KvBwq¨g Avj-RvIwRqv

Be‡bAvjKvBwq¨g wn‡m‡e †ewkcwiwPZkvggynv¤§`Be‡bAvweeKiAv`-`xbRb¥MÖnY

K‡iwQ‡jb(1292mvj/691 wn.) wmwiqvi`v‡g‡¯‹iKvQvKvwQGKwU †QvUK…wlwbf©iMÖv‡g|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 57

1350 mv‡j (751 wn.) wZwb B‡šÍKvj K‡ib| Be‡b Avj KvBwqg wQ‡jb GKRb cÖL¨vZ

mywbœAvBbkv¯¿we`,KziAv‡biZdwmiKvi, †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx,imvqbwe`,`vk©wbK,g‡bvweÁvbx,

weÁvbxIag©ZË¡we`| wZwbGgbGKmg‡qevmKi‡ZbhLbBmjvgxiv‡óªiIcievB‡ii

ûgwKGesGKBmv‡_Af¨šÍixYweåvwšÍ,kÎæZvIwek„•LjvPjwQj|Be‡bAvjKvBwqgÁvb

AR©‡biRb¨†KviAvb,mybœvn,BRgv,d‡ZvqvGeswKqv‡miDciwbf©iKi‡Zb|ag©ZË¡I

AviwefvlvqZvimyMfxicvwÐZ¨wQj|Zviwe‡kl`¶ZvwQjag©kv‡¯¿|wZwbAviwefvlv,

ivm~jmv.-Gimybœvn,BmjvgxAvBbInvw`mkv‡¯¿icvkvcvwkAwZgvbweKwPwKrmvigva¨‡g

Amy¯’‡ìAv‡ivM¨Kivqcvi½g wQ‡jb|Be‡bAvjKvBwqgZvi wcZvmnA‡bK wk¶‡Ki

Kv‡Qcov‡kvbvK‡i‡Qb,hvig‡aï‡q‡QbAveyeKiBe‡bAvBqye,Be‡bZvBwgqv,AveyeKi

Ave`yj`v‡qg,AveyAve`yjøvnBe‡bAvweAvjdvZvnGesgynv¤§`mvwdAv`-`xbAvj-wnw›`

cÖgyL|Bmjvgxmvwn‡Z¨Be‡bAvjKvBwqgAvj-RvIwRqviwe¯Í…ZAe`vbi‡q‡Qhv†KviAvb

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B‡KvbwgK ÷vwWR, 9 (2), †bqv: http://www.ses.ac.ir/files/takmili/islamic_econ./micro/vol_9_2..habib_ahmed..financing_microenterprises.dp.pdf

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Rvb©vj Ae g¨v‡bR‡g›U A¨vÛ cvewjK cwjwm, †bqv : http://afghanlivelihoods.com/virtual-library/MicroFinance/books-and-presentations-on-islamic-banking-and/islamic-microfinance-litrature/books/frontiers-of-islamic-banking.pdf

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wRqvI, wRs Ges †R A¨vÛvimb, †Rvqvb wR (1997), wn‡qivwK©q wdb¨vwÝqvj wbWm wi‡d¬K‡UW evB nvDR‡nvì wdb¨vwÝqvj

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2 Understanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-3, Published by Islamic Banking and Finance Institute Malaysia.

3 Understanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-3.

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4. Underastanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-4.

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5. Fundamentals and Practices in Islamic Finance, Dr. Mohammad Akram Laldin, P-74. Published by International Shariah Research

Acamemy for Islamic Finance, Malaysia.

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2. Understanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-3, Published by Islamic Banking and Finance Institute Malaysia.

3. Understanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-3.

4. Underastanding of Shariah and its Application in Islamic Finance, Mohd Herwan Sukri Bin Mohammad Hussin & Mohd Hawari Bin Mohammad Hussin, P-4.

5. Fundamentals and Practices in Islamic Finance, Dr. Mohammad Akram Laldin, P-74. Published by International Shariah Research Acamemy for Islamic Finance, Malaysia.

6. Islamic Banking Practices, Mohammad Khairi Saat, Razli Ramili and Haryani Aminuddin, P-5, Published by Islamic Banking and Finance Institute Malaysia GesBmjvgxkixqv‡ZiDrm,gIjvbvgynv¤§`Ave`yiinxg,c„ôv-102,cÖKvkKLvqiæbcÖKvkbx,evsjvevRvi,XvKv-1100|

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15

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15, bs-4 (2007) : 143-165

78| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

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25

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26

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Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 85

MÖš’cwÄ

1. Avj †KviAvb Avj-Kvwig

2. Ave`yjivRvK,RywjRvmwÎ,Igi†gvnv¤§`,†gv¯ÍdvGes†gv.ZvBe,dvDwRqvn,Customer’s Acceptance on Islamic

Home Financing: Empirical Evidence on Bai Bithaman Ajil (BBA) in Malaysia,gvj‡qwkqvig¨vwiqUcyÎvRvqv

†nv‡U‡j24-26Ryb2008-GAbywôZAvBAvBBDGgB›Uvib¨vkbvjA¨vKvDw›UsKbdv‡iÝ-GDc¯’vwcZwbeÜ|

3. Avngv`, Avey Igi dviæK, Theory and Practice of Modern Islamic Finance: The Case Analysis from Australia,

†d¬vwiWv : eªvDb IqvKvi †cÖm, 2010|

4. Avj-AvkKvi, myjvBgvb, Al-Waadhih fi usul al-Fiqh. Jordan: Dar al-Nafais, 2004|

5. Avj-KviRvwf, BDmyd, Madkhal li-dirasatil-Shari’ah al-Islamiyyah,êiæZ:gyqvmmvmvZAvj-wimvjvn,1993|

6. e¨vsKBmjvggvj‡qwkqv†einv`,e¨vsKBmjvgKvW©-AvB,e¨vsKBmjvggvj‡qwkqv†einv`,2009;cvIqvhv‡e:

available from http://www.bankislam.com.my/About_Bank_Islam_Card.aspx

7. Pvcov,GgDgi, Objectives of the Islamic Economic order, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, wj‡P÷vi, BD‡K, 1979|

8. `ymywK, Avwmivd IqvwRw` Ges AveyRvB`, Ave`yjvwRg, A Critical Appraisal on the Challenges of Realizing

Maqasid al-Shariàh in Islamic Banking and Finance, AvBAvBBDGg Rvb©vj Ae B‡KvbwgKm A¨vÛ g¨v‡bR‡g›U,

15 bs 4 (2007): 143-165|

9. `ymywK, Avwmivd IqvwRw`, Challenges of realizing Maqasid al-Shari’ah (Objectives of Shari’ah) in the Islamic

Capital Market: Special focus on Equity-Based Sukuk, †KGj : AvBGmAviG, A‡±vei 2009|

10. Kvgvwj, Gg nvwkg, Al-Maqasid al-Shariah: The Objectives of Islamic Law, w` gymwjg jBqvi Rvb©vj, cvIqv hv‡e :

http://www.aml.org.uk/journal/3.1/Kamali%20-%20Maqasid.pdf.11. Kvgvwj, Gg nvwkg, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, K¨vgweªR : BmjvwgK †U·U †mvmvBwU, 2003|

12. Lvjvd,AvãAvj-Iqvnve,Ilm Usul al-Fiqh, Kvq‡iv : gvKZzevn Avj-`vIqvn Avj Bmjvwgqvn|

13. Kzivb, wZgyi, Islamic Economics and the Islamic Subeconomy, Rvb©vj Ae B‡KvbwgK cvim‡cKwUf 9, 4 (dj

1995): 155-173|

14. wgiv, Avn‡g` Kvwgj gvBw`b Ges Ave`yj ivRvK, RyjRvmwÎ, Islamic Home Financing through Musharakah

Mutanaqisah and Bai’ Bithaman ‘Ajil contracts: A comparative analysis, †KGj : AvBGmAviG, 2009|

15. wbqvRx,BgivbAvnmvbLvb,Outlines of Islamic Jurisprudence (e-book), Bmjvgvev` : A¨vWfvÝW wjM¨vj ÷vwWR

BÝwUwUDU, 2000|

16. Theories of Islamic law, Bmjvgvev` : AvBAvBAvBwU Ges BmjvwgK wimvP© BÝwUwUDU, 2005|

17. IevB`yjøvn,Gg,Islamic Financial Services, †RÏv : wKs Ave`yj AvwRR BDwbfvwm©wU, 2005|

18. †ivmwj,mvBdzjAvRnviGesmvbywm,gvngy`Gg,The Application of Bay’ al-‘Inah and Bay’ al-Dayn in Malaysian

Islamic Bonds: An Islamic Analysis, B›Uvib¨vkbvj Rvb©vj Ae BmjvwgK dvBb¨vwÝqvj mvwf©m, 1, bs 2, (1999):

1-16|

19. Rvq`vb, Avã Avj-Kvwig, Al-Wajeez fi Usul al-Fiqh,êiæZ:gyqvmmvmvZKziZzevn,1987|

20. RynvBwj, Iqvnve, Al-Fiqhul Islami wa Adillatuhu,(8LÐ),êiæZ:`viAvj-wdKi,1997|

21. RynvBwj, Iqvnve, Al-Wajeez fi Usul al-Fiqh,êiæZ:`viAvj-wdKiAvjgyqvwmi|

86| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

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e¯‘MZmgm¨vi†hŠw³KIev¯Íemgvavb†ckKivigva¨‡gZv‡ìme©v½xYKj¨vYmvabKivi

cÖqv‡m|Kj¨vYmva‡biGBgnvbj¶¨-D‡Ïk¨‡KcwifvlvqejvnqÔgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnÕ|

BmjvgxAvBb-`k©‡bim‡½RwoZcwifvlvwn‡m‡eIgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnicwiwPwZAZ¨šÍ

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wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|

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m¶g|cwieZ©bkxjmgvReë¯’vicÖ‡qvR‡bD™¢vweZbZzbbZzbwelqImgm¨vmgvav‡biRb¨

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gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni f~wgKv AMÖMY¨|

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n‡jI mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm|

gynv¤§` ingvZzjøvn& L›`Kvi, Bmjvgx e¨vsKvi I kixÔAvn& M‡elK

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 87

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BZ¨vw`|mwVKc_,Kvh©KiAbykvmbIwewaA‡_©IkixÔAvn&kãwUieënvii‡q‡Q|†hgb

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IcicÖwZwôZK‡iwQ|Õ

1

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2

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3

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3. gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni aviYv

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kiÔCûKzg†g‡bPjvigva¨‡gev›`vn‡ìRb¨hvAwR©ZnIqviB”QvAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjvK‡ib|

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniKÕwUcÖvgvY¨msÁvn‡jv:

1 AvjKziAvb,45:18|

2 W. BDmyd nvwg` Avj Avwjg, Avj-gvKvwm`yj Av¤§vn wjk&kvixÔAvwZj Bmjvwgq¨vn, wiqv` : B›Uvib¨vkbvj BmjvwgK

cvewjwksnvDR,1994,c„.19|

3 ivwMeAvj-B¯úvnvwb,Avj-gydiv`vZz wd Mvwiwej KziAvb,gvKZvevngy¯Ívdvbvhvievh,c„.341|

88| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

3.1. Bgvg Avey nvwg` Avj Mvh&hvwj i.

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4

3.2. Bgvg Avey BmnvK kvwZwe i.

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5

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6

3.4. W. BDmyd Avj Kvihvwf

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7

3.5. cÖ‡dmi W. Avngv` ivBmywb

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8

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w`KcvIqvhvq|cÖ_gwUn‡jvÑD³cuvPwURiæwiwel‡qimsi¶Y,DbœqbImg„×KivGes

4 Avey nvwg` Avj-Mvh&hvwj, Avj-gykZvkdv wgb Bjg Avj-Dmyj,Kvq‡iv:Avj-gvKZvevnAvj-wZhvwiq¨vn,1973,L.

1,c„.139-140|

5 BgivbAvnmvbLvbwbqvRx,w_‡qvwiR Ae w` BmjvwgK jÕ: w` †g‡_v‡Wv‡jvwR Ae BRwZnv`, Kzqvjvjvgcyi : w` Av`vi

†cÖm,2002,c„.235|

6 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvïi, wUªwUR Ab gvKvwm` Avj-kixÔAvn &, Iqvwks Ub: w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ae

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7 BDmyd Avj Kvihvwf, wdKûh-hvKvZ,êiæZ:gyqvmmvmvZziwimvjvn,2000,L.1,c„.31|

8 W.AvngìvBmywb,bvhwiqvZzj gvKvwm` Bb`vj Bgvg Avk kvwZwe,wiqv`:`viæjAvjvwgq¨vn&,1990,c„.19|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 89

wØZxqwUn‡jvGiRb¨¶wZKimewKQy‡KcwinviKiv|gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvkyi-Gi

msÁvqgvbem¤ú`msi¶Y,DbœqbI weKv‡ki welqwUmy¯úón‡q‡Q|cÖ‡dmiW.Avngv`

ivBmywbi msÁvq my¯úó nq, gvbeZvi Kj¨vY mvab KivB kixÔAvni g~j D‡Ïk¨| g~jZ

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniAšÍf©y³†gŠwjKcuvPwUwelqmsi¶‡Yi†¶‡ÎBwZevPKevpositive I

†bwZevPK ev negative`ywUw`Ki‡q‡Q|BwZevPKwel‡qig‡aï‡q‡QmvjvZ,mvIg,eëmv-evwYR¨Ges†bwZevPKwel‡qig‡aï‡q‡QnZ¨v,nvbvnvwb,e¨wfPviBZ¨vw`cwinviKiv|Avi

G¸‡jvm¤úv`‡bigva¨‡ggvby‡liBn‡jŠwKKIcvi‡jŠwKKKj¨vYwbwðZKivhvq|gvby‡li

Kj¨vYmvabI¶wZeR©‡bi†¶‡ÎgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvni „wófw½wP‡Îigva¨‡g†`Lv‡bvhvq:

cÖL¨vZBmjvwgK¯‹jviRv‡miAvI`vgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnieûgvwÎKaviYvZz‡ja‡i‡Qb|

Zvi we‡køl‡Y gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni eûgyLx êwkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, gvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvng~jZBmjvgxÁv‡bi†mBkvLvhvwewfbœch©v‡qiÔ†KbÕ¸‡jviReve†`q|G

iKgÔ†KbÕm~PKwKQycÖkœn‡jv:

• †Kb hvKvZ Bmjv‡gi GKwU g~j wfwË?

• †Kb cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mv‡_ m`vPiY Kiv Bmjv‡g eva¨Zvg~jK?

• †KbgymjgvbMYmvjv‡gigva¨‡ggvbyl‡Km¤¢vlYRvbvq?

• †Kb gymjgvb‡ì‡K cÖwZw`b K‡qKevi mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z nq?

• †Kb ighv‡bi wmqvg Bmjv‡gi GKwU †gŠwjK wfwË?

90| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

• †KbgymjgvbivmemgqgnvbAvjøvn&ibvgwhwKiK‡i?

• †Kb g`cvb Kiv Bmjv‡g Kweiv ¸bvn?

• †Kbg‡ìg‡Zva~gcvbKivIBmjv‡gwbwl×?

• †KbBmjv‡gal©YImk¯¿WvKvwZikvw¯Íg„Zy¨`Ð?

Rv‡miAvI`v Av‡iv e‡jb, gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvn Bmjvgx wewaweav‡bi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v

K‡i|†hgb,hvKvZAv`vqI`vb-LqivZKiv,cÖwZ‡ekximv‡_fv‡jvAvPiYKivImvjvg

†`qvihyw³n‡jvG¸‡jvmvgvwRKm¤úK©e„w×K‡i|GKBfv‡ewbqwgZmvjvZAv`vq,mvIg

cvjbIAb¨vb¨Bev`‡ZiAšÍwb©wnZhyw³n‡jvG¸‡jvigva¨‡ggnvbAvjøvn&m¤ú‡K©m‡PZbZv

e„w×cvq|

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnn‡jvBmjvgxAvB‡bi†hŠw³KD‡Ïk¨,hv†Kv‡bvwKQz‡Kwbwl×evêa

Kivigva¨‡gAwR©Znq|†hgbgvby‡ligbIAvZ¥vimsi¶‡YiD‡Ï‡k¨g`cvbmnmeai‡bi

†bkvRvZxq ªe¨wbwl×Kivn‡q‡Q|Avevigvby‡lim¤úÌm¤§vbmsi¶‡YiD‡Ï‡k¨KziAv‡b

ewY©Zal©YImk¯¿WvKvwZikvw¯Íg„Zy¨`ÐivLvn‡q‡Q|

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnn‡jvkixÔAvncÖ‡YZviKwZcqwb‡`©kbvIˆbwZKg~j¨‡evahviIci

wfwËK‡iBmjvgxAvBbZ_vb¨vqwePvi,gvbevwaKvi,wPšÍvi¯^vaxbZv,cvi¯úwiKmngwg©Zv

Ges mvgvwRK mn‡hvwMZv wba©viY Kiv nq| Gfv‡e gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn Bmjvgx AvBb I

gvbevwaKv‡iicÖPwjZaviYv,DbœqbGesmf¨Zvimv‡_ms‡hvM¯’vcbK‡i|GQvovgvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvnwfbœai‡biAv‡ivwKQzeûgvwÎKcÖ‡kœiDËi†`q|†hgb,

• AvR‡Kiev¯ÍeZviAv‡jv‡KBmjvgxAvB‡bicybc©vVIcybwe©‡køl‡Yi†kªôc×wZKx?

• ¯^vaxbZv I b¨vqwePv‡ii Bmjvgx aviYv Kx?

• AvR‡KigvbevwaKviaviYvIBmjvgxAvB‡big‡a¨†hvMm~ÎKx?

• DbœqbImf¨Zvwewbg©v‡YBmjvgxAvB‡biAe`vbKx?

4. gvbeZvi Kj¨vYmvabB Bmjvgx kixÔAvni cÖavb D‡Ïk¨

Bmjvgx kixÔAvni g~j¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨w³Imgwóime©v½xYKj¨vYmvab| hveZxq¶wZ,

AbvPvi,Kzms¯‹vi,Acwi”QbœZvIcw¼jZviAveZ©†_‡Kgy³K‡igvby‡licwi”Qbœ,cweÎI

gy³ Rxebhvc‡bi cwi‡ek wbwðZ K‡i BnKvj I ciKv‡j Zvi Abvwej kvwšÍ I mvwe©K Kj¨vY

wbwðZ KivB Bmjvgx kixÔAvni cÖavb D‡Ïk¨| Bmjv‡gi GKwU cÖavb Bev`Z mvjvZ‡K ejv

n‡q‡QKj¨v‡Yigva¨g|cÖwZw`bgyqvw¾bcuvPeviAvhv‡bimgq ÔnvBqvÔAvjvjdvjvn&Õ ev

ÔKj¨v‡Yiw`‡KG‡mvÕe‡jgvbyl‡Kmvjv‡Ziw`‡K†W‡K_v‡K|kixÔAvnicÖavbDrmKziAvb

GesGiDc¯’vcKivm~jyjøvn& mv.-†Kejv n‡q‡Q ÔingZÕ, hvi wfwËn‡jvKj¨vYAR©bI

¶wZicÖwZ‡ivaKiv|GKBfv‡eBmjv‡ggvbeZviKj¨vY‡KGZB¸iæ‡Z¡imv‡_we‡ePbvKiv

n‡q‡Q†h,Ôgvmvwjn&&gyimvjvn&ÕevAevwiZRb¯^v_©‡KBmjvgxkixÔAvniGKwUDrmwn‡m‡e

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 91

MÖnYKivn‡q‡Q|ZvBmvgwMÖKwe‡ePbvqejvhvq,gvbeZviKj¨vYmvabBkixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨|

Ab¨fv‡eejvhvq,Kj¨vYBkixÔAvnwKsevkixÔAvnBKj¨vY|kixÔAvncÖ‡YZv¯^qsAvjøvn&

ZvÔAvjv| wZwb Rv‡bb wK‡m gvby‡li Kj¨vY Avi wK‡m Zv‡ì AKj¨vY| d‡j kixÔAvn GK

Ae¨_©Kj¨vYweavbiƒ‡cgvbeRvwZiRb¨gnvbAvjøvn&iGKAg~j¨Dcnvi|

BmjvgxkixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨wn‡m‡eKj¨v‡YiaviYvwUgymwjgD¤§vn&i†kªôgbxlx‡ìKv‡QAZxe

¸iæ‡Z¡imv‡_ we‡ewPZn‡q‡Q|kvBLyjBmjvgBgvgBe‡bZvBwgqvi.e‡j‡Qb, ÔBmjvgx

kixÔAvn&&G‡m‡QKj¨vYAR©bIZvic~Y©ZvmvabGesAKj¨vY`~ixf~ZIZvin«vmKi‡Yi

Rb¨|

BebyjKvBwq¨gi.e‡jb,BmjvgxkixÔAvnicy‡ivUvBmywePvic~Y©,meUvBAvjøvn&i†g‡nievwb,

†MvUvkixÔAvnBKj¨vYIwnKgZ|myZivs†hLv‡bmywePvi†bBRyjygAv‡Q,`qv-ggZv†bB

K‡VviZvAv‡Q,Kj¨vY†bBAKj¨vYAv‡QGescÖÁv†bBwbe©yw×Zvev†evKvwgAv‡Q,Zvimv‡_

kixÔAvni†Kv‡bvm¤úK©†bB|Õ

9

BgvgkvwZwei.e‡jb,ÔkixÔAvncÖYxZn‡q‡Qgvby‡liKj¨v‡YiRb¨|Õ

10

Bh&h Be‡b Avew`m

mvjvg i. e‡jb, ÔkixÔAvni cy‡ivUvB n‡jv Kj¨vY|Õ

11

4.1. gvmjvnv ev Kj¨v‡Yi A_©

Aviwegvmjvnvk‡ãiA_©Kj¨vY,hvmeai‡big½j,fv‡jvImy›`‡iimgwó|Kj¨v‡Yi

Aviwe mgv_©K Ôdvjvn&Õ, hvi A_©I Kj¨vY| dvjvn-Gi Av‡iv GKwU A_© Ômvdj¨Õ, hvi Aviwe

cÖwZkã ÔdvDRybÕ|

gvmjvnvkãwUicÖ‡qvMj¶Kivhvq,DcKvi,Kj¨vY,¯^v_©,g½jBZ¨vwÀ‡_©|AveviKL‡bv

KL‡bvDcKvimva‡biDcKiYA‡_©IkãwUcÖ‡qvMKivnq|†hgb,†jLviDcKiYKjg|

GLv‡b †jLvi †¶‡ÎKjgwUgvmjvnvA‡_© eëüZn‡q‡Q|Avevi †hKv‡RKj¨vY wbwnZ

Zv‡KIgvmjvnvevKj¨vYejvnq|GwUgvmjvnvk‡ãic‡iv¶cÖ‡qvM|†hgbÁvbAR©b

KivKj¨vYKi| †Kbbv,Ávb †gŠwjKKj¨v‡YiDrmevKviY|mvwe©Kfv‡egvmjvnvkãwU

gvbeKj¨vY-mva‡bi hveZxq KvR I Dcvq-DcKiY A‡_© e¨vcKfv‡e eëüZ n‡q _v‡K|

4.2. AwbóKi welq `~i KivI Kj¨vY

Ab¨ w`‡K gvmjvnv ev Kj¨vY kãwU‡K AKj¨v‡Yi wecix‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ÔAvj

KvgymyjgywnZÕbvgKAwfav‡bejvn‡q‡Q,Kj¨vYAKj¨v‡Yi wecixZ|ÔgyLZviæm wmn&nvÕ

MÖ‡š’ejvn‡q‡Q,Kj¨vYdvmv‡ì wecixZ|AveviÔwgmevûjgywbiÕAwfav‡bejvn‡q‡Q,

†Kv‡bv wRwbm‡K h_v_©fv‡e ms‡kvab Kivi bvg gvmjvnv| Bgvg Mvh&hvwji g‡Z cuvPwU †gŠwjK

9 Bebyj KvBwq¨g i., BÔjvgyj gyIqvw°Cb,L.3,c„.5|

10 Bgvg kvwZwe, Avj gyIqvdvKvZ,L.2,c„.6|

11 AvjKvIqvwq`ywjBh&hBe‡bAvew`mmvjvg,L.1,c„.9|

92| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

welq †hgbØxb,cÖvY,eyw×,eskIm¤ú`msi¶‡Yi†¶‡ÎAwbóKiwelqcÖwZ‡ivaKivI

Kj¨vY|KviYKj¨vYIAKj¨vYci¯úiwecixZag©xwelq|GKwUiAbycw¯’wZ‡ZAb¨wUi

Dcw¯’wZAwbevh©|†hgbg`cvb,nZ¨v,e¨wfPvi,RyjygBZ¨vw``~iKivn‡j†mLv‡bKj¨vY

cÖwZwôZ nq|

hveZxq Ab¨vq I AKj¨vY `~i KivI Bmjvgx kixÔAvni GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨| †hme welq

IKvRmgv‡RkvwšÍ-k„•Ljv,myL-mg„w×IgvbeKj¨v‡YiAšÍivq†m¸‡jvwbg©~jKi‡Yime©vZ¥K

cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv Bmjvgx kixÔAvni g~jD‡Ïk¨ wn‡m‡e¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| gvby‡l gvby‡l, †`‡k

†`‡k,RvwZ‡ZRvwZ‡ZIa‡g© a‡g©kvwšÍ¯’vcbKivBmjv‡giAfxój¶¨|e¨w³Rxe‡bi

cvkvcvwkmvgvwRKIivóªxqRxe‡bImeAKj¨vY`~iKivRiæwi|¸wUK‡qK`ye©„ËAbvPvi,

AZ¨vPvi, mš¿vm I `yb©xwZi gva¨‡g †hb mgv‡Ri GKRb e¨w³i RxebI `ywe©ln K‡i Zzj‡Z bv

cv‡i †m Rb¨ Bmjvg hveZxq AKj¨vY `~i Kivi cÖqvm †bq| mgvR †_‡K †dZbv-dvmv` `~i

KiviRb¨Bmjvgxiv‡óªDchy³AvBbcÖYq‡bicvkvcvwkZvcÖ‡qv‡Mi†¶‡Îm‡PZbc`‡¶c

MÖn‡YiIci†Rvi†`qvnq|ïayAvBbw`‡qmeai‡biAKj¨vY`~iKivhvqbve‡jˆbwZK

IAva¨vwZ¥KDbœwZmva‡bIMÖnYKivnqeûgvwÎKD‡`¨vM|

AkvwšÍI wek„•Ljv†ivaKivBmjvgxkixÔAvnimvaviYD‡Ïk¨vewjiAšÍfy©³|meai‡bi

AkvwšÍ†_‡K`~‡i_vKviwb‡`©kw`‡qgnvbAvjøvn&e‡jb,ÔAvihLb†mwd‡ihvqZLb†m

c„w_ex‡ZAkvwšÍm„wóiGeskm¨‡¶ÎIRxeRš‘ieskwbcv‡Zi†PóvK‡i;wKš‘Avjøvn&AkvwšÍ

cQ›`K‡ibbv|Õ

12

D³Avqv‡ZgnvbAvjøvn&Zv‡ì‡KmZK©K‡iw`‡q‡Qb,hviv ywbqvqAkvwšÍm„wóGeskm¨‡¶Î

I esk aŸsmKiviKv‡R wjß _vKZ|Zv‡ìG ai‡biKg©KvÐ weavbcÖ‡YZvim„wóMZI

wb‡`©kMZ D‡Ï‡kï wecixZ| KviY †h wRwb‡mi Ici gvbeRvwZi Rxeb I RxweKv wbf©ikxj,

†mBeskIkm¨‡¶Îi¶vKivkixÔAvn`vZviD‡Ï‡kïAšÍf©y³|

Bmjvgme©`vBAKj¨v‡Yiwec‡¶Ae¯’vbwb‡q‡QGeshveZxqAb¨vqIAKj¨v‡Yic_†iva

K‡i‡Q|mgv‡RkvwšÍ¯’vc‡bicvkvcvwk †mLv‡b †hbAvi †Kv‡bv wek„•Ljvm„wóbvnq †m

wb‡`©kbvw`‡qAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjve‡jb,Ôc„w_ex‡ZkvwšÍ-k„•LjvcÖwZôvici†mLv‡bwech©qm„wó

K‡iv bv|Õ

13

AKj¨vYKvixivAvjøvn&iingZ†_‡KewÂZ|AKj¨v‡Ywjß_vKviKvi‡YZv‡ìIciwewfbœ

kvw¯Í †b‡gAv‡m|†hgbejvn‡q‡Q, ÔZviv †mLv‡bAkvwšÍe„w×K‡iwQj|AZtci†Zvgvi

cÖwZcvjK Zv‡ì Ici kvw¯Íi KkvNvZ nvb‡jb|Õ

14

Ggwbfv‡ecweÎKziAvb-mybœvn&‡ZAb¨vq

I AKj¨vY `~i Kivi cvkvcvwk Gm‡eig~‡jv‡”Q‡ìwb‡`©k†`qvn‡q‡Q|

12 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 205|


14 AvjKziAvb,89:12-13|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 93

4.3. Kj¨vY GKwU e¨vcK aviYv

Kj¨vY GKwU e¨vcK aviYv| Gi mv‡_ RwoZ i‡q‡Q Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¯‘MZ I

Ae¯‘MZwelqvw`|†hgbBgvgMvh&hvwji.cÖ`ËgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnimsÁvwe‡kølYKi‡j

†`Lvhvq†h,kixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨n‡jvgvby‡liAvwK`v-wek¦vm,Rxeb,eyw×e„wË,mšÍvb-mšÍwZ

Im¤ú`msi¶‡Yigva¨‡gZv‡ìKj¨vYmvabKiv|AveviD³cuvPwUwRwb‡mi†ndvR‡Zi

mv‡_mswkøócÖ‡Z¨KwUwelqBgvmjvnvevKj¨vYAviG¸‡jviRb¨¶wZKicÖwZwUwRwbmB

AKj¨vY|

AveviKj¨vYïay`ywbqvwee¨vcviBbq,eisGwUci‡jv‡Kimv‡_IRwoZ|BmjvgxkixÔAvn

†hKj¨vYmva‡biRb¨cÖewZ©Zn‡q‡Q,†mBKj¨vYBnKvjIciKvje¨vcxwe¯Í…Z|cÖK…Zc‡¶

kixÔAvni weavbmg~nmeai‡biBnKvjxb,ciKvjxb, e¨wóKImvgwóKcÖ‡qvRbc~iYI

Kj¨vYmva‡b wb‡qvwRZ| Bmjvgx kixÔAvn `ywbqv‡K Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡Z Pvq hv‡Z `ywbqv

cÖK…ZBgvby‡liRb¨km¨‡¶‡ÎiƒcvšÍwiZnqGesGiØviv†m ywbqvIAvwLiv‡ZiKj¨vYjv‡f

mg_©nq|AvjKziAv‡bDfqRM‡ZiKj¨vYKvgbvicÖwZgvby‡li`„wóAvKl©YK‡iÑÔ†n

Avgv‡ìcÖwZcvjK!Avgv‡ì‡K`ywbqv‡ZKj¨vY`vIGesAvwLiv‡ZKj¨vY`vI|Õ

15

BmjvgxkixÔAvnGgb†Kv‡bv`ywbqviaviYv†`qbvhvimv‡_AvwLiv‡Zim¤úK©†bB|Avevi

Ggb†Kv‡bvAvwLiv‡ZiaviYv†`qbvhvimv‡_`ywbqvim¤úK©†bB|DfqRM‡ZiKj¨vY

AR©‡biAvnŸvbRvwb‡qAvjKziAv‡bGKwU`yÕAvi‡q‡Q,ÔgnvbAvjøvn&†Zvgv‡Khvw`‡q‡Qb

Zvw`‡qAvwLiv‡ZiAvevmAbymÜvbK‡iv|Avi`ywbqv†_‡K†ZvgviAskfz‡jvbv|Õ

16

D³Avqv‡Zie¨vL¨vqKvZv`vi.e‡jb,BnKv‡jnvjvjwiwRKAvni‡Yi†¶‡Î†ZvgviAsk

bóK‡i†d‡jvbv|†ZvgviPvwn`vZzwgwb‡RBc~iYKi‡eGes`ywbqvidjvd‡jicÖwZ`„wó

ivL‡e|Be‡bDgiiv.e‡jb,Zzwg`ywbqviRb¨Ggbfv‡eRwgPvlK‡iv†hbg‡bn‡eZzwg

wPiKvjRxeb-hvcbKi‡eAviAvwLiv‡ZiRb¨Ggbfv‡eKvRK‡iv†hbg‡bn‡eZzwgKvjB

gviv hv‡e|

17

BgvgivwMeAvjB¯úvnvwbdvjvn&evKj¨vY‡KDfqRM‡Zimv‡_m¤ú„³K‡ie¨vL¨vK‡i‡Qb|

wZwbe‡j‡Qb,BnKv‡jgvby‡liRb¨Kj¨vYn‡”QZviwU‡K_vKv,Zvi¯^vaxbZv,kw³Im¤§vb

jvfGesciKv‡jZviRb¨Kj¨vYn‡”Qg„Zz¨nxbRxeb,`vwi`ª¨nxbm”QjZv,Acgvbnxbm¤§vb

GesAÁZvnxbÁvb|

18

Kj¨vYn‡”QmrKv‡RicwiYvg|mrKv‡RicwiYvgKL‡bv`ywbqv‡ZcvIqvhvqAveviKL‡bv

AvwLiv‡ZcvIqvhv‡e|cwic~Y©evP~ovšÍcwiYvg`ywbqv‡ZcvIqvRiæwibq|Z‡eZviRb¨

15 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 201|

16 AvjKziAvb,28:77|

17 ZvdwmiAvjKziZzwe,L.13,c„.214|

18 ivwMeAvj-B¯úvnvwb,cÖv¸³,c„.497|

94| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

msMÖvgIcÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Znq`ywbqv‡ZB|gnvbAvjøvn& e‡jb, Ô†KD`ªæZmyL-m‡¤¢vMKvgbv

Ki‡jAvwgZv‡KhvB”QvGLv‡bmZ¡iw`‡q_vwK,c‡iZviRb¨Rvnvbœvgwba©vwiZKwi|Õ

19

wZwbAv‡ive‡jb,Ôhvivgywgbn‡qciKvjKvgbvK‡iGesZviRb¨h_vh_cÖ‡PóvPvjvq

Zv‡ìcÖ‡PóvB(Avjøvn&iìev‡i)¯^xK…Znq|Õ

20

GAvqvZØq†_‡KGK_vmy¯úón‡q‡Q†h,

Kj¨vY`ywbqvIAvwLiv‡ZDfq¯’v‡bBwe¯Í…Z|

Bmjv‡gi`„wó‡ZKj¨vYe¨w³Imgwóimv‡_RwoZ|GcÖm‡½W.BdmydnvwgÀvjAvwjg

e‡jb,BmjvgxkixÔAvniweavbmg~nGgb†Kv‡bvmgwóiaviYv†`qwbhvimv‡_e¨wóim¤úK©

†bB,AveviGgb†Kv‡bve¨wóicwiPq†`qwbhvimv‡_mgwóim¤úK©†bB|g~jZe¨wóeve¨w³

n‡”QAskIA½GesmgwóevmgvRn‡”QmgMÖI†`n|e¨wóImgwóicÖ‡Z¨‡KBwb‡Ri

cÖ‡qvRbc~iYIKj¨vYmva‡bci¯ú‡iiIciwbf©ikxj|

21

Bmjv‡gKj¨vY‡Kïay†Kv‡bvGKwUmywbw`©ówel‡qiRb¨wew”Qbœfv‡ewe‡ePbvbvK‡iRxe‡bi

Rb¨cÖ‡qvRbxqmewel‡qi†¶‡ÎBmvgwMÖKfv‡ewe‡ePbvKivnq|AveviïayGKRbe¨w³i

Kj¨vYwe‡ePbvbvK‡imgMÖgvbeRvwZiKj¨vYwe‡ePbvKivnq|A_©vre¨wóImgwó,`ywbqv

IAvwLivZ,AvswkKImvgwMÖKme†¶‡ÎKj¨vYmva‡bBmjvgxkixÔAvnfvimvg¨g~jKc×wZ

Aej¤^bK‡i|

5. Bmjvgx kixÔAvn&i wewfbœ wewaweav‡bi AšÍwb©wnZ D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY

BmjvgxkixÔAvn&icÖwZwUweavbBcÖYxZn‡q‡Qgvby‡liKj¨v‡YiRb¨GesZv‡Kmf¨K‡i

M‡o†Zvjvij‡¶¨,hv‡Z†mwb‡RiImgv‡RiRb¨Kj¨v‡YiDrmn‡Zcv‡iGes†m†hb

†Kv‡bvfv‡eBAKj¨v‡YiKviYbvn‡qùvovq|cÖK…Zc‡¶gvbeZviKj¨vYmvabKivIKj¨vY

KvgbvKivBØxb|GcÖm‡½ivm~jyjøvn&mv..e‡j‡Qb,ÔØxbn‡jvKj¨vYKvgbvKiv|Õ

22

gnvbAvjøvn&gvbyl‡Kc„w_ex‡Z†cÖiYK‡i‡QbGesAbyMÖnK‡iZv‡ì‡KkixÔAvnbv‡giGK

gnvbRxebweavb`vbK‡i‡Qb|GweavbcÖeZ©‡biD‡Ïk¨n‡jvgvbyl‡KZvimywbw`©ój¶¨¯’‡j

†cuŠ‡Q†`qv|gnvÁvbxAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjv`ywbqv‡KAvev`KiviRb¨gvbyl‡Kc„w_ex‡ZLwjdv

K‡icvwV‡q‡Qb|LwjdvevcÖwZwbwai¸iæ`vwqZ¡cvj‡biRb¨Zv‡K†`qvn‡q‡QkiÔCweavb|

†he¨w³GBkiÔCwewaweavb†g‡bPj‡e†mBnKvjIciKv‡jiKj¨vYjvfK‡iP~ovšÍj‡¶¨

DcbxZ n‡e|

GLv‡bkixÔAvncÖewZ©ZKwZcqweav‡biD‡ÏkÏAšÍwb©wnZKj¨vYZz‡jaivn‡jv:

5.1. mvjv‡Zi AšÍwb©wnZ D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY : mvjvZ Bmjv‡gi GKwU cÖavb Bev`Z| mvjvZ

Av`v‡qigva¨‡gev›`vnAvwZ¥Kcwiïw×AR©‡bicvkvcvwkkvixwiKcweÎZvImy¯’Zv,

19 AvjKziAvb,17:18|

20 Avj KziAvb, 17 : 19|

21 W. BDmyd nvwg` Avj Avwjg, cÖv¸³, 46|

22 mwnnAvjeyLvwi,wKZveyj Cgvb, evey KvIwjb bvex Av`w`by Avb-bvwmnvn&|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 95

mgqvbyewZ©Zv,k„•Ljv,†bZvwbe©vPb,†bZviAvbyMZ¨cÖ`k©b,D¤§vn&iHK¨cÖf…wZAR©b

Ki‡Zcv‡i|mvjv‡Zig‡a¨wbwnZeûweaKj¨v‡YicÖwZBw½ZK‡ignvbAvjøvn&e‡jb,

ÔwbðqmvjvZAkøxjZvILvivcKvR†_‡KweiZiv‡L|Õ

23

5.2. wmqvg ev †ivhvi D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY :wmqvgev†ivhvGKwUe¨vcKZvrch©c~Y©Bev`Z|

Gig‡aÏi‡q‡Qgvby‡lie¨vcKKj¨vY|wmqvgdiRKivicÖavbD‡Ïk¨n‡jvgvbyl‡K

gyËvwK K‡i †Zvjv| G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvn& e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì Ici wmqvg wewae×

Kivn‡q‡Q,†hgbKivn‡qwQj†Zvgv‡ìc~e©eZ©x‡ìIci,hv‡Z†ZvgivgyËvwKn‡Z

cv‡iv|Õ

24

5.3. hvKv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY : hvKvZ Bmjv‡gi GK Abb¨ †gŠwjK welq| G‡Z Bev`‡Zi

fveaviv¯úón‡qIVvm‡Ë¡IZv‡ZgvbweKKj¨v‡Yij¶¨-D‡Ïk¨cÖKUn‡qAv‡Q|

Gmej¶¨-D‡Ïkë¯‘MZIAva¨vwZ¥KDfqw`K‡KBAšÍf©y³K‡i‡Q|ivm~jyjøvn&mv.

e‡j‡Qb,Ôabx‡ì†_‡KhvKvZMÖnYK‡iZvdwKi‡ìgv‡Swdwi‡q`vI|Õ

25

5.5. n‡¾i AšÍwb©wnZ D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY : n‡¾ig‡aÄmsLäg©xqDcKvwiZvicvkvcvwk

cvw_©e DcKvwiZvI i‡q‡Q| n‡¾i DcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvn& e‡jb, ÔAvi

†jvK‡ì‡Kn¾KiviRb¨cÖKvk¨fv‡eAvnŸvbRvbvIÑZviv†hb†ZvgviKv‡QAv‡m,

cv‡q†nu‡UAvmyKwKsev ~ieZ©x ’vb†_‡KK…kD‡Uiwc‡VP‡oAvmyK|GLv‡bG‡mZviv

†hb†`L‡ZcvqZv‡ìØxb-`ywbqviKj¨v‡YiKZmy›ìeë¯’vi‡q‡Q|Õ

26

5.6. Bmjgx `Ðwewa cÖ‡qv‡Mi AšÍwb©wnZ D‡Ïk¨ I Kj¨vY :BmjvgxkixÔAvncÖewZ©Zn‡q‡Q

gvby‡liKó ~iKiviRb¨|ZvBkvw¯ÍAvB‡bigva¨‡gKvD‡KKó†`qvkixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨

bq;eiskvw¯ÍweavbcÖYqbKivn‡q‡Qgvby‡liKj¨vYIwbivcËvwbwðZKi‡YiRb¨|

Avi†mKj¨vYïay†me¨w³iRb¨bq†hAcivaK‡i‡Q;eisZv†MvUvgvbemgv‡Ri

Rb¨|GKj¨v‡YicÖwZBw½ZcvIqvhvqgnvbAvjøvn&ievYx †_‡K| wKmv‡mig‡a¨

wbwnZKj¨vYm¤ú‡K©AvjKziAv‡bejvn‡q‡Q,ÔwKmv‡mig‡aï‡q‡QRxeb|Õ

27

g`cvb, Ryqv †Ljv, ewj`v‡bi ¯’vb I fvM¨ wba©vi‡Yi Dcvqvw` wbwl× Kivi g‡a¨ wbwnZ

Kj¨vYm¤ú‡K©ejvn‡q‡Q,Ôwbðqg`,Ryqv,ewj`v‡bi¯’vbIfvM¨cix¶viDcvqvw`MÖnY

kqZvwb KvR| †Zvgiv mK‡j G¸‡jv cwinvi K‡iv| Avkv Kiv hvq, †Zvgiv mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡Z

cvi‡e|Õ

28

23 Avj KziAvb, 29 : 45|

24 AvjKziAvb,2:183|

25 bvBbyjAvIZvi,L.2,c„.161|

26 AvjKziAvb,22:27-28|

27 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 179|


96| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

6. gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni AšÍf©y³ Kj¨vYKi welqmg~n

gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni AšÍfy©y³ Kj¨vYg~jK welq¸‡jv mvaviYZ wZb cÖKvi :

6.1. Kj¨vY we‡ePbvq gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni †gŠwjK welqvw`

Bmjvgx kixÔAvni Riæwi ev †gŠwjK D‡Ï‡kï AšÍf©y³ welq n‡jv †mme wRwbm †h¸‡jvi Ici

`ywbqvIAvwLiv‡Zgvby‡lime©v½xYKj¨vYwbf©iK‡iGes†h¸‡jvQvovZv‡ìRxebaŸsm,

wek„•LjIwech©¯Ín‡qhvq|

BgvgkvwZwei.e‡j‡Qb,RiæwiqvZn‡”Q†mmeAZ¨vek¨Kxqwelq,†h¸‡jviAbycw¯’wZ‡Z

`ywbqvqKj¨v‡YimwVKc_IMwZavive¨vnZnqGes†`Lv†`qwech©q,mxgvnxb¶wZIcÖvY

nviv‡bviNUbv|AviAvwLiv‡ZbvRvZI†bqvgvZnqmy`~icivnZGes¶wZnIqvAeavwiZ

n‡q hvq|Õ

29

AvjøvgvBe‡bAvïii.e‡j‡Qb,ÔRiæwiqvZn‡jvGgbKZ¸‡jvwelq†h¸‡jvGKKwKsev

mw¤§wjZfv‡eAR©bKiv†Kv‡bvm¤cÖ`v‡qiRbÄcwinvh©|AviG¸‡jvigv‡SÎæwU†`Lvw`‡j

mvgvwRKwbqg-k„•Ljvh_v_©fv‡eKvh©Ki_vK‡ebv|Õ

30

AvjRyIqvBwbi.,BgvgMvh&hvwji.IBgvgkvwZwei.cÖgyL5wUwRwbm‡KRiæwiqv‡ZiAšÍf©y³

welqwn‡m‡ekbv³K‡i‡Qb|

31

†m¸‡jvn‡jv:Øx‡bimsi¶YKiv(protection of faith);Rxebmsi¶YKiv(protection of life);we‡eKeyw×msi¶YKiv(protection of intellect);eskavivmsi¶YKiv(protection of posterity)Gesm¤ú`msi¶YKiv(protection of wealth)|

29 Bgvg kvwZwe i., Avj-gyIqvdvKvZ,L.2,c„.8|

30 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvïi,cÖv¸³,c„.43|

31 Bgvg kvwZwe i., Avj-gyIqvdvKvZ,L.2,c„.222|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 97

BmjvgxkixÔAvniD³cuvPwU†gŠwjKIwPišÍbRiæwiwelqAvjKziAvbImybœvn&†_‡Kkbv³

Kivn‡q‡Q|GcÖm‡½AvjKziAv‡bieY©bvwUn‡jv:

Ô†nbex,Cgvb`vibvixivhLbAvcbviKv‡QG‡mAvbyM‡Zïkc_K‡i†h,ZvivAvjøvn&i

mv‡_ KvD‡K kwiK Ki‡e bv, Pwzi Ki‡e bv, e¨wfPvi Ki‡e bv, Zv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì‡K nZ¨v

Ki‡ebv,GgbAcev`†`‡ebvhvZvivD™¢vebK‡iZv‡ìnvZIcv‡qigvSLv‡b(RviR

mšÍvb‡K¯^vgxiJim†_‡KAvMZmšÍvbe‡jAcevìUv‡ebv)Gesfv‡jvKv‡RAvcbvi

Aeva¨ZvKi‡ebv,ZLbZv‡ìAvbyMZ¨MÖnYKiæbGesZv‡ìRbÄvjøvn&iKv‡Q¶gv

cÖv_©bv Kiæb|Õ

32

D³Avqv‡ZKvwigvQvovIGe¨vcv‡iKziAvb-mybœvn&ieû wb‡`©kbvi‡q‡Q †hLv‡bDwjøwLZ

cuvPwU†gŠwjKwelq‡Kmsi¶YKivicÖwZ¸iæZ¡v‡ivcKivn‡q‡Q|G¸‡jviGKwUn‡jvgnvb

Avjøvn&ievYx:

ÔAvcwbejyb,G‡mvAvwg†Zvgv‡ì‡KHmewelqcvVK‡i†kvbvB,†h¸‡jv†Zvgv‡ìcÖwZcvjK

†Zvgv‡ìRb¨nvivgK‡i‡Qb|(†m¸‡jvn‡jv:)†ZvgivZuvimv‡_Ab¨wKQy‡KkwiKKi‡e

bv, wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ m`q eënvi Ki‡e, `vwi‡`ªï f‡q †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì‡K nZ¨v

Ki‡e bv, AvwgB †Zvgv‡ì I Zv‡ì‡K wiwRK w`‡q _vwK| cÖKv‡k¨ †nvK wKsev †Mvc‡b †nvK,

AkøxjKv‡RiwbK‡UIhv‡ebv|Avjøvn&hvinZ¨vwbwl×K‡i‡Qbh_v_©KviYe¨wZ‡i‡K†Zvgiv

Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e bv|Õ

33

gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni †gŠwjK cuvPwU wel‡qi mg_©‡b †hme nvw`m `wjj wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv

nqZviGKwUn‡jvwePviwè‡mAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjvKZ©„KewbAv`g‡KcuvPwUwel‡qcÖkœKi‡eb

GmsµvšÍnvw`m|ivm~jyjøvnmv.e‡j‡Qb,(wePviwè‡m)gvby‡licvGKwe›`ybo‡Zcvi‡ebv

hZ¶YZv‡KGBcuvPwUwel‡qcÖkœKivbvn‡e|†m¸‡jvn‡jv:K.wb‡RiRxebKvj†m†Kvb

Kv‡Re¨qK‡i‡Q?L.†hŠe‡bikw³-mvg_©¨ †Kv_vqe¨qK‡i‡Q?M.ab-m¤ú`†Kv_v †_‡K

DcvR©bK‡i‡Q?N.†Kv_vqZve¨qK‡i‡Q?O.Ges†mhZUzKzÁvbAR©bK‡i‡Q†mAbyhvqx

ZvKZUzKzAvgjK‡i‡Q?

34

D³ cuvPwU welq‡K gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni †gŠwjK cuvPwU wel‡qi

mv‡_m¤úwK©ZKivhvq|cÖ_gwUw`‡qRxebmsi¶Y,wØZxqwUw`‡qeskavivmsi¶Y,Z…Zxq

IPZz_©wUw`‡qm¤ú`msi¶YGescÂgwUw`‡qAvKjIwek¦vmmsi¶YKiv‡KeySv‡bvhvq|

6.2. nvwRqvZ ev cÖ‡qvRbxq Kj¨vYKi welqvw`

nvwRqvZ n‡jv †mme wRwbm †h¸‡jv Bmjvgx kixÔAvni Riæwi welq¸‡jvi ch©vqfy³ bq eis

gvby‡liKóImgm¨v`~iKivwKsevcuvPwURiæwiwelqmsi¶‡YmnvqKIm¤ú~~iKwn‡m‡e

KvR K‡i| gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK, mnR I my›ì Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ †hme wRwbm cÖ‡qvRb Ges

32 Avj KziAvb, 60 : 12|

33 Avj KziAvb, 6 : 151| 34 Rv‡g AvZ-wZiwgwR|

98| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

†h¸‡jviAfv‡eZv‡ì‡Kwewfbœmgm¨vI ytLK‡ói†gvKv‡ejvKi‡Znq†m¸‡jv‡KnvwRqvZ

ejv nq| RiæwiqvZ I nvwRqv‡Zi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨ n‡jv : †hme wRwb‡mi Afv‡e mgv‡Ri

mevB¶wZMÖ¯ÍImgm¨vim¤§yLxbZv‡KRiæwiqvZGes†hm‡eiAfv‡e†Kv‡bve¨w³we‡kl

wKsevwKQymsL¨Kgvbyl¶wZImgm¨vim¤§yLxbnqZv‡KnvwRqvZejvnq|

35

nvwRqv‡Zi msÁvq Bgvg kvwZwe i. e‡j‡Qb, ÔZv n‡jv †mme welq, †h¸‡jv gvbeRxe‡b

¯^v”Q›`ÄvbqbK‡iGesK‡VviZv,mgm¨vIAmyweav ~iK‡i|G¸‡jvD‡cw¶Zn‡jgvbyl‡K

bvbvweaAmyweavI`ytLKó†fvMKi‡Znq,wKš‘G¸‡jvicÖwZD‡c¶viKvi‡YRbKj¨v‡Yi

†¶‡Î¯^vfvweKwech©qm„wóK‡ibv|Õ

36

Be‡b Avïi i. e‡jb, ÔnvwRqvZ n‡jv †mme wRwbm †h¸‡jv mgv‡Ri ¯^v_© AR©b I myôz

eë¯’vcbviRb¨cÖ‡qvRbGes†h¸‡jvQvovmvgvwRKk„•Ljvïaya‡mBc‡obveisAKvh©Ki

n‡q hvq wKš‘ †mme wRwbm Riæwiqv‡Zi ch©vqfy³ bq|Õ

37

6.3. ZvnwmwbqvZ ev †mŠ›`h©ea©K Kj¨vYg~jK welqvw`

ZvnwmwbqvZ ev †kvfvea©bKvix welq¸‡jv gvbeRxe‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K ev cÖ‡qvRbxq bq, wKš‘

G¸‡jvgvby‡liiæwP,AvPvi-AvPiY,f`ªZv-wkóvPviIAvivg-Av‡qkevmy›ìRxebhvc‡bi

Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb|

Be‡b Avïi e‡jb, ÔZvnwmwbqvZ n‡jv †mme wRwbm †h¸‡jv mgv‡Ri Ae¯’v I mvgvwRK

k„•Ljv‡Km‡e©v”Pc~Y©ZvqDbœxZK‡ihv‡Zmgv‡RigvbylkvwšÍc~Y©fv‡eRxebhvcbKi‡Zcv‡i

GesAb¨RvwZi†Pv‡LZv‡ìRuvKRgKc~Y©Ae¯’vGes†mŠ›`h©Zz‡jai‡Zcv‡i|Õ

38

Zvnwmwbqv‡ZiAšÍf©y³wel‡qig‡aï‡q‡QÑmy¯^v`yLveviMÖnYIDËg†cvkvKcwiavb,kixi

I†cvkvKn‡ZbvcvK,gqjvcÖf…wZ`~iKiv,meai‡biwkóvPvi,nvjvjIêawejvmxwRwbm

eënvi BZ¨vw`|

7. ÔwbivcËvÕ I Ômsi¶YÕ †_‡K ÔDbœqbÕ I ÔAwaKviÕ

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvni†¶‡ÎBgvgMvh&hvwji.ÔAvj-wndRÕGesZuviwk¶KAvjRyqvBwbi.

ÔAvj-BmgvÕkãeënviK‡i‡Qb|AviweDfqk‡ãiA_©n‡jv,i¶vKiv,msi¶YKiv,hZœ

†bqv, ZË¡veavb Kiv, †ndvRZ Kiv BZ¨vw`| G `ywU k‡ãi mgv_©K Bs‡iwR n‡jv, safeguard, protection, preservationcÖf…wZ|cÖK…Zc‡¶gvbeRxe‡biweKvkImsi¶‡Yi†¶‡ÎÔAvj-

35 W.gynv¤§Àve`yjÔAvwZ gynv¤§` ÔAvjx, Avj gvKvwm`yk& kvixÔAvn& Iqv Avmviænv wdj wdKwnj Bmjvgx, `viæj nvw`m,

Kvq‡iv,2007,c„.191|

36 BgvgkvwZwei.,cÖv¸³,L.2,c„.11|

37 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvïi,cÖv¸³,c„.123| 38 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvïi,cÖv¸³,c„.124|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 99

wndRÕIÔAvj-BmgvÕkã`ywUe¨vcKI we¯Í…ZaviYvcÖKvkKi‡jIKzwokZ‡Ki†Kv‡bv

†Kv‡bvAvaywbK ‹jviD³kã ywUicwie‡Z©ÔDbœqbÕ(development) I ÔAwaKviÕ (right) kã

eënviKi‡Qb|wndRevmsi¶Yk‡ãiGweeZ©b†g‡bwb‡ZmKjgvKvwm`wekvi`M‡Yi

g‡a¨HKgZ¨ cÖwZwôZ bv n‡jI Be‡bAvïiG †¶‡Î wPšÍvi bZzb `yqvi Ly‡j w`‡q‡Qb|

KzwokZ‡KBgvgMvh&hvwjIkvwZwei ÔwndRAvb-bmjÕ (preservation of offspring) ev

Ôeskavivimsi¶YÕcwifvlvcvwievwiKm¤úwK©ZZ‡Ë¡(family-oriented theory)DbœxZnq|Be‡bAvïiZuvi MÖ‡š’ ÔwndRAvb-bdmÕ-Gicwie‡Z© cvwievwiKZË¡veavb (care for the family)39

eënviK‡ib|wZwbGcÖm‡½ZuviMÖ‡š’ÔBmjv‡gimvgvwRKc×wZÕIÔBmjvgx

AvB‡bi ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evaÕ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| GKBfv‡e Bgvg Mvh&hvwj I kvwZwei

ÔwndR Avb-bdmÕ (preservation of the soul) I ÔwndR Avj-DiæRÕ (preservation of honor) cwifvlvm¤cÖwZKv‡jÔgvby‡ligh©v`vimsi¶YÕ(preservation of human dignity) I

Ôgvby‡li AwaKv‡ii wbivcËvÕ (protection of human rights) wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii Ici †Rvi w`‡Z

†`Lvhv‡”Q|Abyiƒcfv‡eÔwndRAvj-AvKjÕ(preservation of mind)-†KAv‡M†hLv‡bïaygv`KZvwbqš¿‡Yig‡a¨mxwgZKivn‡Zv†mLv‡beZ©gv‡bD³cwifvlvieënviÔweÁvbm¤§Z

wPšÍvfvebvÕ,ÔÁv‡biRb¨ågYÕ,ÔK‡VvigvbwmKZvicwinviÕBZ¨vw`†¶‡Îm¤cÖmvwiZKi‡Z

†`Lvhvq|

GKBfv‡e Mvh&hvwj I kvwZwei ÔwndR Av`-ØxbÕ (preservation of religion) cwifvlvi

cwie‡Z© eZ©gv‡b Ôwek¦v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvÕ (freedom of belief)cwifvlveënviKi‡Z†`Lvhvq|AbyiƒcÔwndRAvj-gvjÕ(preservation of wealth)cwifvlvi†¶‡ÎÔmvgvwRKmn‡hvwMZv(social assistance),ÔA_©‰bwZKDbœqb(economic development)Õ ÔA‡_©i cÖevnÕ (flow of money), ÔmgvRKj¨vYÕ (wellbeing of society),ÔA_©‰bwZK¯Í‡iicv_©‡Kïµgn«vmgvbZv(diminishing the difference between economic levels)Õ BZ¨vw` cwifvlv eënvi Ki‡Z

†`Lvhvq|

40

1948mv‡ji10wW‡m¤îRvwZm•Nmve©RbxbgvbevwaKvi†NvlYvK‡i|Gici1981mv‡ji

19†m‡Þ¤îwek¦Bmjvgxcwil`ÔAvjgyÕZvgviAvjAvÔjvwgjBmjvgxÕgvbevwaKvimsµvšÍ

AvšÍR©vwZK aviv-Dcaviv¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i gvbevwaKv‡ii GKwU †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡i|

1990mv‡jIAvBwmwdKvnA¨vKv‡WwgGKwUgvbevwaKvi`wjjˆZwiK‡i|G`wj‡j25wU

avivqKziAvb-mybœvn&iAv‡jv‡KgvbevwaKvi†NvlYvKivnq|G†NvlYvcÎRvwZm•N†NvwlZ

gvbevwaKv‡ii30wUaviviA‡bKaviv‡KBmg_©bK‡i|Bmjvgx`„wó‡KvY†_‡KgvbevwaKvi

†NvlYvicwi‡cÖw¶‡ZwKQymsL¨K†mKzjvicwÐZGig‡aä‡g©iMÜAv‡Qe‡jD‡ØMcÖKvk

K‡ib| Avevi Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB gvKvwm`wfwËK gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb GB e‡j

†h,GUvmve©RbxbgvbevwaKv‡ii †¶‡ÎBwZevPKbZzbgvÎv †hvMK‡i‡Q,hv¯^M©xq¸‡Yi

Avavi †_‡KDrmvwiZ|gvbevwaKvicwicvj‡bi †¶‡ÎGwU ˆbwZKbZzb †cÖlYve‡jZviv

39 gynv¤§ÀvZ-ZvwniBebyAvïi,cÖv¸³,c„.246| 40 AvI`v,c„.24|

100| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs

gšÍe¨K‡ib|KwZcqM‡elKgvbevwaKviGesgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnig‡a¨†hmeAmgvÄm¨

i‡q‡QZv`~ixKi‡Ycivgk©cÖ`vbK‡ib|

41

D³Av‡jvPbviwfwË‡Zejvhvq,gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniAšÍfy©³welq¸‡jv†hgbÑØxb,cÖvY,

eyw×Ieskavivimsi¶Y‡KeZ©gv‡bGmewel‡qiDbœq‡biA‡_©eëüZn‡”Q|†hgbÔwndR

Avb-bdmÕwelqwUeZ©gv‡bÔgvbem¤ú`DbœqbÕIÔgvbevwaKvicÖwZôviÕA‡_©weewZ©Zn‡q‡Q|

8. gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi aviYv

gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb GKwU eûgvwÎK

aviYv| mvaviYZ gvby‡li m¶gZv

e„w×IcÖmvi,wk¶vIAvqe„w×g~jK

m~P‡Ki e„w×‡K gvbe Dbœqb ejv

nq|cÖK…Zc‡¶gvby‡liA_©‰bwZK,

ivR‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK, mvgvwRK

m‡e©vcwi Rxebgv‡bi Dbœqb‡K

gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv

nq|

gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi GKwU c~Y©v½

msÁv †`qvi †Póv K‡i‡Q United Nations Industrial Development Organization| ms¯’vwUi g‡Z,

gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb ej‡Z gvby‡li

msMwVZDbœqb‡KeySv‡bvn‡q‡QhviP~ovšÍD‡ÏkÏj¶¨n‡jvRvZxqDbœqb|GwUA_©‰bwZK

IwkímsµvšÍmew`K†hgbÑe¨w³MZ¶gZviDbœqb,Drcv`b¶gZvIm„Rbkxj¶gZv

e„w×Geswk¶v,cÖwk¶YIM‡elYvigva¨‡g†bZ…‡Z¡iKvh©vewjAbykxjb‡KAšÍfz©³K‡i|

42

Bmjv‡g gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi aviYv Av‡iv m¤úªmvwiZ I we¯Í…Z hv gvby‡li Ava¨vwZ¥K I

êlwqK-e¯‘MZmew`KIwefvM‡KAšÍfz©³K‡i|Bmjv‡gDbœq‡biA_©mvwe©Kfv‡egvby‡li

cÖvK…wZKIgvbwmK,ˆbwZKIêlwqKDbœqbGesmvgvwRKImvs¯‹…wZKDbœqb|

43

Bmjv‡g gvbem¤ú‡ì Dbœqb g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ, hv Bmjvgx kixÔAvni j¶¨-D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_

m½wZc~Y©|BmjvgxkixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨n‡jvKj¨vY|AZGegvby‡lime©v½xYKj¨vYmva‡bi

Rb¨†hmvgvwRKcwieZ©bIcybM©VbmvwaZnqZv-BDbœqb|

41 AvI`v,c„.23|

42 Bmjvg iwdK, wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm© †W‡fjc‡g›U Bb iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U Bb evsjv‡`k, b¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ae †jvKvj

Mfb©‡g›U,XvKv-1990,c„.72|

43 gvIjvbvgynv¤§Àve`yiinxg,Bmjv‡gi A_©bxwZ,LvqiæcÖKvkbx,1977,c„.309|

Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 101

ms‡¶‡cejvhvq,Bmjv‡gi`„wó‡ZDbœqbn‡jve¨w³,cwievi,mgvRIiv‡óªime©ÎBmjvgx

kixÔAvnij¶¨-D‡Ï‡kïAR©b|GBj¶¨-D‡Ï‡kïAR©bhZUv†ewkn‡eivóªZZDbœZn‡e

GesivóªGBj¶¨-D‡Ïk¨†_‡KhZ`~‡im‡ihv‡eZZAbybœZn‡e|

9. gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb I gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn

gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bimv‡_gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniNwbôIwbweom¤úK©i‡q‡Q|gnvbAvjøvn&

gvbyl‡Kc„w_ex‡ZcÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i`vwqZ¡cÖ`vbK‡i‡Qb|G`vwqZ¡m¤úv`‡biRb¨ZviAvwZ¥K,

gvbwmK,ˆbwZKIkvixwiKDbœwZcÖ‡qvRb|†Kbbv,†hvMÏmejGesA‡hvMÏ`ye©jmgvb

f~wgKvcvjbKi‡Zcv‡ibv|ZvBgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvni`vwen‡jvgvby‡limvwe©KDbœwZI

weKvkmva‡bigva¨‡gZv‡K†hvMÏmejK‡i†Zvjv|gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bi¸iæ‡Z¡iwelqwU

AbyavebKivhvqivm~jyjøvn&mv.-GievYx†_‡K|wZwbe‡j‡Qb,Ôkw³gvbCgvb`viAvjøvn&i

wbKU`ye©jCgvb`v‡ii†P‡qAwaKDËgIwcÖq|Z‡ecÖ‡Z¨‡Kig‡a¨BKj¨vYwbwnZAv‡Q,

hv‡Z†ZvgviDcKvii‡q‡QZvAR©‡bZzwgAvMÖnxnIGesAvjøvn&iKv‡Qmvnvh¨KvgbvK‡iv|

ZzwgA¶gn‡qvbv|Õ

44

gvbyln‡jvDbœq‡biP~ovšÍIcÖavbgva¨gGesZvivBn‡jvmg„w×i¯’cwZ(architect)| gnvb

Avjøvn&e‡jb,ÔwbðqAvjøvn&ZZ¶Ych©šÍ†Kv‡bvRvwZiAe¯’vcwieZ©bK‡ibbvhZ¶Ybv

Zviv wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b K‡i|Õ

45

A_©‰bwZKmg„w×ImvgvwRKKj¨vYAR©‡biGKwU iæZ¡c~Y©wba©viKn‡jvgvbem¤ú`|Bmjvg

gvby‡li†ckvMZ`¶ZvImZZvm„wóK‡iZv‡Km¤ú‡`cwiYZKi‡ZPvq|Bmjv‡gGKRb

e¨w³iKvR‡KBev`Ze‡jMY¨Kivn‡q‡QGes†mKvRm¤úv`‡bi†hvM¨ZvAR©bKiv‡K

diRwn‡m‡eMY¨Kivn‡q‡Q|

10. Kj¨vYmvab I AKj¨vY eR©‡b gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni Dcv`vb

Kj¨vYmvab I ¶wZeR©‡b gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni Dcv`vb eûgvwÎK| GwU †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó

msL¨vi†fZimxgve×bq|cÖvPxbIAvaywbKhy‡MigyRZvwn`,BgvgIdwKnMYKziAvb-

mybœvn& M‡elYvc~e©K kixÔAvni eû j¶¨-D‡Ïk¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Mvh&hvwj i. I Zuvi

wk¶KBgvgyjnvivgvBbAveyAvj-gvÔAvwjAvj-RyqvBwbi.Øxb,cÖvY,eyw×,eskIm¤ú`

msi¶Y‡KBmjvgxkixÔAvniIqvwRech©v‡qiD‡Ïk¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZK‡i‡Qb|c‡iBgvg

kvwZwei.Zuv‡ìGBZvwjKv‡Kmg_©bK‡i‡QbGesG¸‡jv‡KkixÔAvnig~jbxwZwn‡m‡e

e¨vL¨vK‡i‡Qb|wZwbe‡j‡Qb,gvby‡liKj¨v‡Y†hmewelq‡K†ndvRZKi‡Zn‡e†m¸‡jv

cuvPwU:Øxb,cÖvY,esk,m¤úÌeyw×|GmewRwb‡mi†ndvRZKivIqvwRenIqviwelqwU

AKvU¨`wjjØvivcÖgvwYZ|

44 mwnn gymwjg, wKZveyj K¡ì, evey wdj Avgwi wej KzIqvwZ Iqv ZviwKj Av¾wh...|

45 Avj KziAvb, 13 : 11|


Gg.DgiPvcovZuviÔThe Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Maqasid Al-ShariàhÕkxl©KiPbvqD‡jøLK‡i‡Qb†h,BgvgMvh&hvwjIkvwZwei.mgw_©ZD³cuvPwUwelqBïaykixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨bq,eisKziAvb-mybœvn&IBmjvgxkixÔAvnwe‡lkÁM‡YiwPšÍvavivAv‡iv

A‡bKD‡Ïk¨-j‡¶ïmv¶¨†`q|Z‡eD³cuvPwUwel‡qimsi¶Y‡Kg~jevcÖv_wgKD‡Ïkëjv

†h‡Zcv‡i,AviAb¨¸‡jv‡KAvbylw½KevAbyMvgx(corollary) D‡Ïk¨ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi

KL‡bvKL‡bvGmeAvbylw½KD‡Ïk¨g~jD‡ÏkÄR©‡biRbÄvek¨Kn‡qùvovq|GKvi‡Y

Avbylw½KD‡Ï‡kï¸iæZ¡IAcwimxg|mg‡qieëav‡bAvbylw½KD‡Ïk¨cwiewZ©Zn‡q_v‡K|

ZvBwZwbe‡jb,mgqcwiewZ©Zn‡q‡QGesgvby‡liPvwn`vIcÖ‡qvR‡bcwieZ©bG‡m‡Q|d‡j

Avgv‡ì‡K eZ©gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K kixÔAvni D‡Ïk¨vewj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

46

cÖvPxb MÖš’vw`ZvjvkKi‡j †`Lv hvq,ZLbKvimg‡qIkixÔAvniD‡Ïk¨ïay D³cuvPwU

wel‡qig‡a¨Bmxgve× wQjbv|eis†mmgqAv‡iveû welq‡KBgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvni

AšÍf©y³Kivn‡qwQj|†hgb,wknveDwÏbAvj-Kvivwdgvby‡lim¤§vbi¶vKiv‡K(protection of honour) Bgvg Mvh&hvwj i.-Gi we`¨gvb D³ ZvwjKvq †hvM K‡ib| Bebyj KvBwq¨g i.

Av`j ev b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv (establishing justice),mgvRKj¨vYmsi¶Y(protection of social welfare)GesAb¨vqIAmvgvwRKKvh©Kjv‡ciwbwl×KiY‡K(prohibition of injustice and unsocial activities) gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn&i AšÍf©y³ K‡ib|

m¤¢eZBgvgBe‡bZvBwgqvi.-BcÖ_ge¨w³whwbgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniwe`¨gvbZvwjKvi

mv‡_eûbZzbwelq†hvMK‡ib|wZwbPzw³m¤úv`b,AvZ¥xqZvieÜbmsi¶Y,cÖwZ‡ekxi

AwaKv‡iicÖwZm¤§vbcÖ`k©bBZ¨vw` welq†h¸‡jv`ywbqvimv‡_mswkøóGesAvjøvn&icÖwZ

fv‡jvevmv,AvšÍwiKZv,mZZv,AvwZ¥Kcwiïw×BZ¨vw`†h¸‡jvAvwLiv‡Zimv‡_RwoZ,Gi

meBgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnwn‡m‡ewPwýZK‡ib|

47

iwk`wiRv†hmewelq‡KgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnwn‡m‡ewPwýZK‡ib†m¸‡jvn‡jv:wek¦v‡mi

¯Í¤¢mg~‡nicybM©Vb(reform of the pillars of faith), GB m‡PZbZvi we¯Ívi †h Bmjvg n‡jv

weï×cÖvK…wZKcÖeYZv,hyw³,Ávb,cÖÁv,cix¶vI¯^vaxbZviag©GesmvgvwRK,ivR‰bwZK

IA_©‰bwZKcybM©VbGesbvixiAwaKvicÖwZôvKiv|

48

wesk kZvãxi weL¨vZ cwÐZ AvZ-Zvwni Beby Avïi KziAvb-mybœvn& M‡elYv K‡i gvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvn kbv³ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb k„•Ljv (orderliness), mvg¨ (equality), ¯^vaxbZv

(freedom) IwdZivZevLuvwU ^fvea‡g©imsi¶Y‡K(preservation pure natural disposition) gvKvwm‡ì AšÍf©y³ K‡ib|

49

46 Gg.DgiPvcov,w` BmjvwgK wfkb Ae †W‡fjc‡g›U Ab w` jvBU Ae gvKvwm` Avj-kixÔAvn&, jÛb : B›Uvib¨vkbvj

BÝwUwUDUAeBmjvwgK_U(AvBAvBAvBwU),2008,c„.7|

47 †gvnv¤§` nvwkgKvgvwj,gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn †gW wm¤új, jÛb : B›Uvib¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ae BmjvwgK _U

(AvBAvBAvBwU),2009,c„.8|

48 Rv‡mi AvI`v, gvKvwm` Avj-kixÔAvn& A¨vR wd‡jvmwd Ae BmjvwgK jÕ, w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj Bbw÷wUDU Ae BmjvwgK

_U,jÛb,2008,c„.6| 49 Rv‡miAvI`v,cÖv¸³,c„.6|.


W.BDmydAvjKvihvwfgvby‡liwek¦v‡mimsi¶Y,gh©v`vIAwaKvicÖwZôv(maintaining human dignity and rights),Bev`‡ZicÖwZAvnŸvb (calling people to worship), ˆbwZKg~j¨‡ev‡aimsi¶Y(restoring moral values),fv‡jvcwieviMVb(building good families), bvix‡ì mv‡_ fv‡jv eënvi (treating women fairly),kw³kvjxBmjvgxRvwZMVb(building a strong Islamic nation),mn‡hvwMZvc~Y©wek¦MVb(cooperative world) BZ¨vw`‡K gvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvni AšÍf©y³ K‡ib|

50

AwZ m¤cÖwZ Dgi Pvcov Ab¨‡ì g‡Zv gymwjg we‡k¦i Av_©mgvwRK Dbœq‡b gvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvni Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib| Zviv kixÔAvni D‡Ïk¨-j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨

bxwZwba©viK‡ì mnvqZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni Ici Z_¨fvÐvi cÖwZôvi K_v

e‡jb| †hZ_¨fvÐvi ïay gvbeDbœq‡biAv_©mvgvwRK w`K¸‡jvB †`L‡e bv; eis gvbweK

g~j¨‡eva,bxwZ-ˆbwZKZv,cwievi,Øxbevwek¦vmBZ¨vw`w`K‡KIAšÍf©y³K‡igymwjgwe‡k¦i

Dbœq‡biRb¨mvwe©KbxwZgvjvcÖYq‡bmnvqZvKi‡e|ZvivBmjvgxkixÔAvnij¶¨¸‡jv‡K

ïayGKwU wbw`©óf~LÐev†`‡kiAe¯’viAv‡jv‡Kbv†`‡L wek¦cwiw¯’wZiAv‡jv‡Kwe‡kølY

Kivi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib|

11. gvKvwm‡ì Av‡jv‡K gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb I weKv‡ki Dcv`vb

K¬vwmK¨vj Bmjvgx ¯‹jvi‡ì g‡Z, gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn Av‡jv‡K gvby‡li me©v½xY

Kj¨vYmva‡biRb¨cÖavbZcuvPwU welq†hgbÑRxeb,Øxb,Ávb,eskIm¤ú`msi¶‡Yi

K_vejvnq|wKš‘gvby‡liAwfÁZv,M‡elYv, wPšÍv-†PZbvIweÁvb-cÖhyw³iDbœwZimv‡_

mv‡_gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡biaviYviIcwiewZ©Zn‡”Q|d‡jAvaywbK¯‹jvi‡ìg‡Z,Bmjv‡gi

`„wó‡Zgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡biAvbylw½Kwelq¸‡jvi†¶‡ÎI†hvMn‡q‡QwewfbœbZzbwelq|ZvB

ejvhvq,gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvniAv‡jv‡Kgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡biDcv`vb¸‡jveûgvwÎKGes

eûavivqwef³|GmeDcv`v‡big‡a¨†hgbi‡q‡Q,gvby‡liRxe‡biRb¨¶wZKimewelq

†_‡KZv‡KwbivcËv†`qv,†Zgwbi‡q‡QZviweKvkIKj¨v‡YïRb¨cÖ‡qvRbxqmeDcv`vb|

gvbeRxe‡biRb¨Kj¨vYKiwelq‡qig‡aï‡q‡QZviA_©‰bwZKDbœqb,wk¶v,¯^v¯’¨,cywó,

cwi‡ek,RxebgvbAveviZviweKv‡ki†¶‡ÎcÖwZeÜKwel‡qig‡aï‡q‡Q,Ab¨vq,Ryjyg,

Kzms¯‹viBZ¨vw`†bwZevPKwelqhv`~iKivRiæwi|Rxebmsi¶‡Yiwelq¸‡jv‡K`yÕfv‡M

fvM Kiv hvq :

µwgK DcKvix ev Kj¨vYKi wRwbm AR©b Kiv ¶wZKi wRwbm `~i Kiv

01 my¯^v¯’¨ Rxe‡biIciAvµgY(wb‡RievA‡bïØviv)

02 DbœZRxebgvb N„YÄciva

03 cwiwgZ †fvM m¤§vbIgh©v`vnvwb

04 gh©v`v,AvZ¥m¤§vb,åvZ…Z¡Imvg¨ ¶wZ(wb‡RievA‡bïØviv)

50 Rv‡miAvI`v,cÖv¸³,c„.7|


µwgK DcKvix ev Kj¨vYKi wRwbm AR©b Kiv ¶wZKi wRwbm `~i Kiv

05 Av`j ev b¨vqwePvi AmyL

06 Ava¨vwZ¥KIˆbwZKDbœwZ A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek

07 ¯^vaxbZv ¶zav

08 wk¶viDbœqb `vwi`ª¨

09 Kg©ms¯’vb I AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb fq I wbivcËvnxbZv

10 AvqIm¤ú‡ìmylgeÈb Aciva I `yb©xwZ †iva

Gg.DgiPvcovBmjvgxkixÔAvniGKwUg~jD‡Ïk¨wndRAvb-bdmevRxebmsi¶‡Yi

†¶‡ÎgvbeKj¨vY-mvabIDbœq‡bigva¨‡gZv‡ìRxeb‡Kc~Y©iƒ‡cweKwkZKiviRb¨14wU

¸iæZ¡c~Y©Dcv`v‡biK_vD‡jøLK‡i‡Qb|†m¸‡jvn‡jv:

51

1. gh©v`v (dignity),AvZ¥m¤§vb,åvZ…Z¡Imvg¨2. Av`j (justice) ev b¨vqwePvi

3. Ava¨vwZ¥KIˆbwZKDbœwZ(spiritual and moral uplift)4. Rvbgv‡ji wbivcËv (security of life and property)5. ¯^vaxbZv (freedom)6. wk¶v(education)7. mykvmb (good governance)8. Pvwn`vc~iY(need fulfilment)9. Kg©ms¯’vb I AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb

10.AvqIm¤ú‡ìmylgeÈb

11. weevn I mšÍvb cÖwZcvjb

12. cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK msnwZ

13. Aciva I `yb©xwZ †iva

14.gvbwmKcÖkvwšÍImyL|

11.1. wndR Avb-bdm ev Rxeb msi¶Y

gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bicÖ_‡gBAv‡mgvby‡liRxe‡biAw¯ÍZ¡¡i¶vKiv|Av‡M†eu‡P_vKviwbðqZv

Zvici Av‡m Zvi myß cÖwZfv weKv‡ki K_v| G Rb¨ Bmjvgx kixÔAvn wndR Avb-bdm ev

gvby‡liRxebmsi¶Y‡KAZ¨waK iæZ¡w`‡q_v‡K|wndRAvb-bdmevRxebmsi¶Yej‡Z

m¤§vwbZIgh©v`vevbgvby‡liRxebi¶v‡KeySv‡bvnq|cÖK…Zc‡¶gvbeRxe‡bimsi¶YI

weKv‡k gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvni cwiwa e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z|

51 Gg.DgiPvcov,cÖv¸³c„.9|


RxebmËvi†ndvRZevwbivcì¶Yv‡e¶Y`yÕfv‡en‡Zcv‡i|cÖ_gZ,Rxe‡biRb¨¶wZKi

mewKQy†_‡KRxeb‡Ki¶vKiv|GwU‡Kmsi¶Yg~jKeë¯’v(protective activity) ejv nq|

wØZxqZ,mgv‡RemevmKvixgvby‡liPvwn`vc~i‡Yigva¨‡gZ‡ì¯^vfvweKweKvkavivmgybœZ

ivLv|GwU‡Kmn‡hvwMZvg~jKeë¯’v(supportive activity) ejv nq|

bdm ev Rxeb i¶vi cÖ_g `vwe n‡jv, gvbyl‡K nZ¨v bv Kiv Ges Zvi A½-cÖZ¨½ KZ©b

evRLgmnmeai‡bimxgvj•Nb †_‡KZv‡Ki¶vKiv| wØZxqZ,gvbyl‡KAcev` †`qv,

Mvjg›`KivIZvigh©v`viRb¨nvwbKiGgbmeai‡bimxgvj•Nb†_‡KZv‡Ki¶vKiv|

Z…ZxqZ,gvby‡liKg©,wPšÍv,AwfgZIemev‡mi ^vaxbZvi¶vKiv|PZz_©Z,gvby‡liRxebaviv

weKv‡ki myeë¯’v Kiv|

cÖK…Zc‡¶gvbeRvwZiAw¯ÍZ¡,weKvkIm¤§vbi¶vihveZxqwelqwndRAvb-bd‡mig‡a¨

kvwgji‡q‡Q|Av‡ivms‡¶‡cejvhvq,Rxebmsi¶Yn‡jvmgv‡RemevmKvixwewPÎ¯^fve

Iêwkó¨gwÐZgvby‡liwbivcËv,k„•LjvIweKvkavivmgybœZKi‡Yigva¨‡gZv‡ì‡Kmywbw`©ó

j¶ÏD‡Ï‡k¨†cuŠQv‡bvicÖ‡qvRbxqeë¯’vKiv,hv‡ZZv‡ìRxebavivq†Kv‡bviƒcûgwK,

fxwZI¶wZicwiw¯’wZm„wóbvnq|

Rxe‡bimsi¶Yej‡ZïayRxebeuvPv‡bvbq|AveviïayRxe‡biwe`¨gvbAe¯’viAebwZ

†_‡Kmyi¶vig‡a¨Bmxgve×bq; eisRxe‡bi we`¨gvbAe¯’viDbœwZIDrKl©mvab‡KI

AšÍf©y³K‡i|Z‡eRxe‡biAw¯ÍZ¡¡i¶vKivgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnib~¨bZgch©vq|

11.2. eyw×-we‡e‡Ki msi¶Y

eyw×e„wËiDrKl©gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bi¸iæZ¡c~Y©Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbvKivnq|gvKvwm`

Avk&kixÔAvni GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wndR Avj-AvKj ev eyw×-we‡e‡Ki msi¶Y ej‡Z

eySvq gvby‡li eyw×-we‡eK‡K åvšÍ AvwK`v-wek¦vm I wPšÍv-†PZbv †_‡K i¶v Kiv| †Kbbv,

åvšÍAvwK`v-wek¦vm,evwZjgZv`k©IwPšÍvavivi†bwZevPKcÖfv‡ewe‡eKevbe¨w³Imgv‡Ri

†evSv,g‡›ìDrmI¶wZiKviYn‡qhvq|hviAvKjmyôzIweKvigy³,†m†`k,RvwZI

mgv‡RiKj¨v‡Yf~wgKvivL‡Zcv‡iAvihviAvKjweåvšÍIwebó†mmgv‡Ri†evSv¯îƒc|

AvKjeveyw×n‡jvGgb¶gZvimgwóhvigva¨‡gD‡Ïk¨c~Y©fv‡emwVKKvRwUKivhvq,

hyw³c~Y©fv‡ewPšÍvKivhvqGesh_v_©fv‡emZ¨‡KDcjwäKivhvq|Ab¨fv‡eejvhvq,eyw×

n‡jve¨w³iGgbGKwU¶gZvev†hvM¨ZvimgwóhviØviv†mRMrIRxebm¤ú‡K©mwVK

ÁvbjvfKi‡Zcv‡i,wewfbœNUbvimgš^qmvabKi‡Zcv‡iGesmgm¨vimgvav‡bmwVK

wm×všÍMÖnYKi‡Zcv‡i|

eyw×-we‡eKgnvbAvjøvn&-cÖ`ËGKwUeowbqvgZ|g~jZAvK‡jiKvi‡YBgvbyl‡KAb¨me

cÖvYxiIci†kªôZ¡cÖ`vbKivn‡q‡Q|AviGKvi‡YBgvby‡liIcignvbAvjøvn&kixÔAvn

cwicvj‡bi iæ`vwqZ¡Ac©YK‡i‡Qb|AvjKziAv‡beûevignvbAvjøvn&we‡eKm¤úbœ†jvK‡ì

m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi wb`k©bvewj wb‡q wPšÍv-M‡elYv Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| gnvb


Avjøvn&e‡jb,Ôwbtm‡›`‡nG‡Z†evakw³m¤úbœm¤cÖ`v‡qiRbï‡q‡Qwb`k©b|Õ

52

ÔGgwbfv‡e

Avwg†evakw³m¤úbœ†jvK‡ìwbKUwb`k©bvw`wek`vKv‡ieY©bvKwi|Õ

53

ÔGKgvÎ†evam¤úbœ

†jv‡KivBeyS‡Zcv‡i|Õ

54

AvKjeveyw×icÖ‡qvRbxqZvm¤ú‡K©BgvgMvh&hvwji.e‡jb,ÔAvKjn‡jvcÖevwnZSibvavivi

g‡ZvGesGwUÁv‡biwfwË|e„¶†_‡K†hgbdj,m~h©†_‡K†hgbAv‡jvGesbqb†_‡K

†hgb`„wóiDrcwË†ZgwbAvKj†_‡KÁv‡biDrcwË|

55

weKj AvKjm¤úbœ e¨w³ mgv‡Ri †evSv¯îƒc| Avq-†ivRMvi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †m mgv‡Ri

†Kv‡bvKv‡RAv‡m bv| eis †mmgv‡RiIciAwZwi³ Pvcm„wóK‡i|GRbÄvK‡ji

msi¶YIweKvkcÖ‡qvRb|

11.3. wk¶vMZ Dbœqb

wk¶vBRvwZi†giæ`Ð|ZvBgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bwk¶vi†Kv‡bvweKí†bB|ejvn‡q_v‡K†h,

ÁvbBkw³Aviwk¶vn‡jvÁvbvR©‡bigva¨g|cÖK…Zc‡¶wk¶vgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡biGKwU

†gŠwjKDcv`vb|Ávb, ¶Zv,gvbwmKZvIeyw×gËviDbœqbIweKv‡kwk¶vif~wgKvA¯^xKvi

KiviDcvq†bB|gvby‡limyßcÖwZfviweKvkIwe‡klwe‡kl†¶‡Î bcyYÄR©‡bicÖwk¶‡Yi

†¶‡Îwk¶vBwfwË¯’vcbK‡i†`q|GQvovgvbyl‡Km‡PZbK‡i,we‡eK-eyw×‡KRvMÖZK‡i,

mgvRImf¨ZviM‡o†Zvjvi†¶‡Îwk¶viAe`vbAb¯^xKvh©|

gvbyl‡Kmf¨K‡iM‡o†ZvjvIZv‡ìmvwe©KKj¨v‡YiRb¨BmjvgmeviRb¨wk¶vAR©b

Kiveva¨Zvg~jKK‡i‡Q|wk¶vigva¨‡gcÖ‡Z¨‡KZviAvKj-eyw×weKv‡kimy‡hvMcvq,hv

w`‡qmgvRIivóªjvfevbn‡q_v‡K|wk¶vigva¨‡gÁvbvR©‡bicÖwZ¸iæZ¡cÖ`v‡biwelqwU

D‡VG‡m‡QAvjKziAv‡bicÖ_gAeZxY©AvqvZ¸‡jv‡ZB|†hLv‡bejvn‡q‡Q,ÔcvVKiæb

Avcbvii‡eibv‡gwhwbm„wóK‡i‡Qb|Õ

56

GQvovcÖ‡Z¨‡KiRb¨ÁvbvR©beva¨Zvg~jKK‡i

ivm~jyjøvn&mv.e‡j‡Qb,ÔcÖ‡Z¨Kgymwj‡giIciÁvbvR©bKivdiR|Õ

57

AvKj weKv‡ki Rb¨

†hgb `xwb wk¶v AR©‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q †Zgwb gvby‡li cwic~Y© Kj¨vYmva‡bi Rb¨

weÁvbIcÖhyw³MZwk¶vIcÖ‡qvRb|


53 AvjKziAvb,30:28|

54 Avj KziAvb, 29 : 43|

55 Bgvg Mvh&hvwj i., GnBqvD DjywgÏxb,cÖv¸³,gw`bvcvewj‡KkÝ,2010,L.1,c„.195|


57 Be‡b gvhvn|


11.4. eskaviv msi¶Y I cvwievwiK eÜb

eskaviv†ndvRZKivgvbeRvwZiRbÄZxe¸iæZ¡c~Y©GKwUwelq|Gigva¨‡gBc„w_ex‡Z

gvby‡liAvev`Pj‡QeûKvja‡i|gvbweKms¯‹…wZiAw¯ÍZ¡Gesc„w_ex‡Zgvby‡liwLjvdZ

ev cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi avivevwnKZv wbf©i K‡i eske„w× I cÖRb¥cÖwµqv myôzfv‡e

cwiPvjbviIci|GRbëskavivmsi¶YKivAvek¨K|

bvix-cyiæ‡licweÎ wgj‡bigva¨‡ggvby‡lieskavive¨vcKfv‡e we¯ÍviKivgnvbAvjøvn&i

cwiKíbv| c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li eskaviv msi¶‡YiRb¨ Bmjvg bvix-cyiæ‡li cweÎ wgj‡bi

Rb¨ weev‡nieë¯’vK‡i‡Q|eskavivmsi¶‡Yi †¶‡ÎAvjKziAv‡bewY©ZAvjøvn&ievYx,

Ô†Zvgv‡ì¯¿xiv †Zvgv‡ìRb¨km¨‡¶Î|Õ

58

GAvqv‡Z¯¿x‡Kkm¨‡¶Î wn‡m‡eAvL¨vwqZ

KivicÖavbD‡Ïk¨ n‡jv¯¿xi ˆbKU¨jv‡figva¨‡gmšÍvbRb¥ †`qv| †Kbbv,km¨‡¶‡Îi

AvmjD‡Ïk¨n‡jvZvPvlvev‡ìgva¨‡gdmjDrcv`bKiv|

eskavivmsi¶‡YiRb¨ïayeûgvbylRb¥wb‡jBn‡ebv|Zv‡ìg‡a¨_vK‡Zn‡eHK¨,msnwZ,

fv‡jvevmv,cweÎeÜbGesAvjøvn&iB”Qvev¯Íevq‡bkvixwiK,gvbwmK, ˆbwZKIeyw×e„wËK

†hvM¨Zv|Gme†hvM¨ZvAR©‡bBmjv‡gicvwievwiKRxebeë¯’vAvkvbyiƒcdjcÖ`vbK‡i|

11.5. ˆbwZKZv I g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKv‡k Øx‡bi msi¶Y

ˆbwZKZv I BwZevPK g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb‡`©kK| †Kv‡bv

gvby‡ligv‡SAv`k©,DbœZg~j¨‡eva,b¨vq‡eva,mZZv,gnvbyfeZvBZ¨vw`BwZevPKg~j¨‡ev‡ai

weKvkhZ†ewk†mZZBmgv‡RiRb¨Kj¨vYKim¤ú`wn‡m‡eM‡oDV‡e|AviGai‡bi

gvby‡limsL¨vhZevo‡e†`kZZDbœq‡biw`KGwM‡qhv‡e|

gvby‡liˆbwZKg~j¨‡evaweKv‡ki†¶‡Îa‡g©iAe`vbAb¯^xKvh©|Avjøvn&ZvÔAvjvic¶†_‡K

cÖ‡Z¨KwUØxbG‡m‡Qgvbyl‡KDbœqbIKj¨v‡YiDchy³nvwZqviwn‡m‡eM‡o†ZvjviRb¨

mnvqZvKi‡Z|Øxbgvbyl‡KcÖK…Zgvbylevbvq|gvby‡licÖwZwUwPšÍvIK‡g©iIcii‡q‡Q

Øx‡bi GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨| Zvi ¯^fve, AvPvi-AvPiY, Rxebc×wZ, wPšÍv-†PZbvi BwZevPK

cwieZ©‡bi†¶‡ÎØx‡bicÖfveAcwimxg|ïaye¨w³Rxebbq,mvgwóKRxe‡biIciIi‡q‡Q

Øx‡bi me©vZ¥K cÖfve| g‡bvweÁv‡bi †¶‡Î †h M‡elYv n‡q‡Q, Zv Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L AvOzj

w`‡q†`wL‡q w`‡q‡Q,ag©gvbwmK¯^v¯’Ïmy‡LiRb¨GKwUcÖ‡qvRbxqDcv`vb|M‡elYvi

ciM‡elYv†_‡K¯úón‡q‡Q†h,hvivag©PP©vK‡i,ZvivAvZ¥nZ¨v,cvbvf¨vm,gv`Kvmw³,

ZvjvK,welYœZvBZ¨vw`mvgvwRKmgm¨vi†gvKv‡ejvqAwaKZiMÖnY‡hvMÏ¯^v¯’¨Kiwm×všÍ

MÖnYKi‡Zcv‡i|`v¤úZ¨-Rxe‡bZ…wßcvIqvicÖavbkZ©I†hag©wek¦vmIag©PP©v,GmZ¨wU

†ewi‡qG‡m‡Q†mBmeM‡elYv†_‡K|Õ

59

58 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 223|

59 Patrick Glynn, God: The Evidence, The Reconciliation of Faith and Reason in a Post secular World, Prima Publishing,

California,1997, P.60-61.


11.6. m¤ú` msi¶Y I A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb

AvaywbK Kv‡j Dbœq‡bi AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb‡`©kK n‡jv A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb| GwU gvbem¤ú`

Dbœqb‡KAv‡ivMwZkxjK‡i|ejvhvq,A_©‰bwZKDbœqbIgvbem¤ú`DbœqbGKBgy`ªvi

GwcV-IwcV|A_©‰bwZK†¶‡ÎkixÔAvniweavbcÖ‡qv‡MiD‡Ïk¨n‡jv,gvby‡li†gŠwjKPvwn`v

c~iYKiv,`ytL-Kó`~iKivIRxebgvbDbœZKiYmne¨w³ImgwóimecÖ‡qvRbc~i‡Yi

gva¨‡gZv‡ìA_©‰bwZKKj¨vYmvabKiv|

gvby‡liA_©‰bwZKKj¨vYmva‡biRb¨cÖ‡qvRbm¤ú`|mgvRImgvRfy³cÖwZwUgvby‡li

ˆ`bw›`bRxe‡bimech©v‡qBm¤ú‡ìcÖfvee¨vcKImy`~icÖmvix|m¤ú`QvovRxe‡biMwZ

¯’wei n‡qc‡o,Dbœq‡bi PvKv †_‡ghvq|m¤ú`QvovAbœ, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wk¶v, wPwKrmv

IAb¨vb¨RiæwicÖ‡qvRbc~iYKivm¤¢enqbv|RvZxqIAvšÍR©vwZKch©v‡qIGKBK_v

cÖ‡hvR¨|cÖ‡qvRbxqm¤ú‡ìAfv‡ee¨w³Rxe‡b †b‡gAv‡m`vwi`ª¨| e¨w³`vwi‡`ªïcÖfve

mgMÖRvwZiIcic‡o|Gfv‡e e¨w³mgwói`vwi‡`ªïcÖfve †MvUvRvwZ‡Km¼UvcbœK‡i

†Zv‡jGesRvwZgvbgh©v`vnvivq|GKvi‡Ym¤ú‡ìmwVKcÖ‡qvRbxqZviwelqwUD‡jøLK‡i

mywdqvbi.e‡j‡Qb,ÔeZ©gv‡bm¤ú`n‡jvnvwZqvi¯îƒc|Õ

60

Ab¨w`‡K`vwi`ª¨gvby‡liAvwK`v-wek¦vm,ˆbwZKZv,wPšÍv‡PZbv,cwievi-cwiRbImgv‡Ri

Ici†bwZevPKcÖfvewe¯ÍviK‡i|GgbwKm¤ú`nxbgvbylAfv‡ei`n‡b`»n‡qwnZvwnZ

Ávbnvwi‡qKzdzwiic‡_cvevovq|GcÖm‡½ivm~jyjøvn&mv.e‡j‡Qb,Ô`vwi`ª¨gvbyl‡KKzdzwii

c‡_ avweZ K‡i|Õ

61

gvby‡liA_©‰bwZKDbœq‡bcÖ‡qvRbm¤ú‡ìmyôzeë¯’vcbv|GKvi‡YBmjvgxkixÔAvnm¤ú`

msi¶Y‡KZvig~jj¶¨wn‡m‡eMÖnYK‡i‡Q|

11.7. gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`vc~iY I Rxebgvb DbœZ Kiv

mgv‡Ri me gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY I Zv‡ìRb¨ m¤§vbRbKRxweKvi eë¯’v Kiv

BmjvgxkixÔAvnwfwËKA_©bxwZiGKwUD‡Ïk¨|BmjvgcÖ‡Z¨‡Kim¤§vbRbKRxweKvwbwðZ

KivI ytL-KójvN‡eigva¨‡gZv‡ìRxebgv‡biDbœqbNUv‡ZPvq|Lv`¨,e¯¿,evm¯’vbGes

Av‡ivhvhvcÖ‡qvRbZvieë¯’vKiviv‡óªi`vwqZ¡|AvaywbKhy‡Mg~L©Zv`~iKiviRb¨wk¶vi

eë¯’vKivkixÔAvniD‡Ï‡kïAšÍf©y³|†Kbbv,g~L©e¨w³Zvrch©MZfv‡eg„Z|GKBfv‡e

wPwKrmvIweev‡nieë¯’vKivIBmjvgxkixÔAvnig~jD‡Ïk¨-j‡¶ïAšÍfy©³|

W.Gg.DgiPvcovBgvggynv¤§`Be‡bnvhg,BgvgkvwZwe,gvIjvbvgI`~w`,BDmydAvj

KvihvwfiAwfgZwn‡m‡eD‡jøLK‡i‡Qb†h,ÔMwie‡ì†gŠwjKPvwn`vc~i‡Yi`vwqZ¡MÖnY

gymwjgmgv‡Rimw¤§wjZ`vwqZ¡(di‡RwKdvqv)|

62

60 Bgvg KziZzwe, Avj-RvwgD wj-AvnKvwgj KziAvb, Altafsir.com,AvqvZzZ`vwqb(m~ivAvjevKvivn:AvqvZ-282-

283)-Gie¨vL¨v`ªóe¨|

61 Avj-gyËvKx Avj-wn›`x, Kvbhyj D¤§vj,Aa¨vq:Avh-hvKvZ,Aby‡”Q`:Avj-dvKiæjBmwZivwi, eiæZ:gyqvm&mvmvZzi

wimvjvn,1989,L.6,nw`mbs-16682|

62 W.GgDgiPvcov,Bmjvg I A_©‰bwZK P¨v‡jÄ,cÖv¸³,c„.200|


11.8. gvb-m¤£‡gi wbivcËv weavb

gvbm¤§v‡biwbðqZvgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bi¸iæZ¡c~Y©wb‡`©kK|BmjvgxkixÔAvngvby‡ligvb-

m¤§vbB¾Z-Aveiæmsi¶‡YiwbðqZv†`q|gvby‡liKv‡QZviRxebIm¤ú`LyeBwcÖq|

AveviKL‡bv KL‡bv ZviRxebI m¤ú‡ì †P‡q gvbgh©v`v eo n‡q †`Lv †`q| Bmjvgx

kixÔAvn&cÖ‡Z¨Ke¨w³igvbm¤§vbIB¾Z-Aveiæi wbivcËvweav‡bcÖ‡qvRbxqeë¯’vMÖnY

K‡iGes†hmewelqG¸‡jv‡K¶zYœK‡i†m¸‡jv‡Kwbwl×K‡i|

gvbweK gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ I g~j¨vqb Bmjvgx kixÔAvni GKwU we‡kl w`K| e¨w³‡Z¡i g~j¨vqb

I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZi gva¨‡g cÖK…Z b¨vqwePvi cÖwZwôZ nq, gvby‡li myß cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U

IAvZ¥wek¦vmM‡oI‡V|BmjvgRvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡lgvbeZvi †kªôZ¡Igh©v`v¯^xKvi

K‡i‡Q|Gm¤ú‡K©gnvbAvjøvn&e‡jb,ÔAvwg†ZvewbAv`g‡Kgh©v`v`vbK‡iwQ|Õ63

11.9. Av`j ev b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôv

b¨vqwePvievAvB‡bikvmbnxbDbœqbgvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bi†¶‡ÎKvh©Kif~wgKvcvjbKi‡Z

cv‡ibv|GRb¨b¨vqwePviDbœq‡biGKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y©wb‡`©kK|e¨w³,mgvRIiv‡óªime©¯Í‡i

Av`jIBbmvdcÖwZôvKivBmjvgxkixÔAvniGKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y©D‡Ïk¨|mywePviQvovgvby‡li

m¤§vb,AvZ¥m¤§vb,åvZ…Z¡,mvgvwRKmvg¨m‡e©vcwigvby‡lime©v½xYKj¨vYwbwðZKivhvqbv|

GKwUmgvRIiv‡óªiDbœwZImg„w×wbf©iK‡iAvB‡bikvm‡biIci|AvB‡bikvmbQvov

`y‡ói`gbIwk‡óicvjbm¤¢ebq|b¨vqwePvinxbmgv‡Rnvbvnvwb,i³cvZQwo‡qcovi

Kvi‡Y†mRvwZaŸs‡migy‡LcwZZn‡Zcv‡i|ivm~jyjøvn&mv.e‡j‡Qb,Ôhw`†Kv‡bvRvwZi

g‡a¨mywePvicÖwZwôZbv_v‡KZLbZv‡ìg‡aï³cvZQwo‡qc‡o|Õ

64

Av`jevb¨vqwePvicÖwZôviRb¨KziAv‡bieû¯’v‡bwb‡`©kcÖ`vbKivn‡q‡Q|ÔwbðqBAvwg

Avgviivm~jMY‡K†cÖiYK‡iwQmy¯úócÖgvYmnGesZv‡ìm‡½w`‡qwQwKZveIb¨vqbxwZ,

hv‡Z gvbyl mywePvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cv‡i|Õ

65

11.10. mvgvwRK mvg¨ cÖwZôv

gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bmvgvwRKmvg¨GKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y©Dcv`vb|BmjvgxkixÔAvniGKwUD‡Ïk¨

n‡jvmvgvwRKmvg¨cÖwZôvKiv|Bmjv‡gmvg¨m¤úK©xqD”PZi`„wófw½ i‡q‡Q|Bmjvg

†Kv‡bv†kªwY‰elg¨ ^xKviK‡ibv|gvby‡lgvby‡l,†kªwY‡Z†kªwY‡Z†Kv‡bveëavbm„wóiAeKvk

Bmjv‡g †bB|

BmjvgxkixÔAvnimvg¨bxwZi`ywUw`Ki‡q‡Q|cÖ_gZ,Rb¥MZfv‡emegvbylGKIAwfbœ|

ZvivmevBGKAv`gIgvwU†_‡Km„wón‡q‡Q|gvbweK†PZbv,Pvwn`vIAbyf~wZiw`K†_‡K

63 Avj KziAvb, 17 : 70|

64 gyqvËv, wKZveyj wRnv`|

65 Avj KziAvb, 57 : 25|


Zv‡ìg‡a¨†Kv‡bvcv_©KÏ wefvRbˆZwiKivmgxPxbbq|A_©‰bwZKcv_©‡Kï wfwË‡Z

Kv‡ivgh©v`vicv_©K¨wePvh©bq|wØZxqZ,AvB‡bi†Pv‡LmevBmgvb|abx-`wi`ª we‡ePbvq

AvBbcÖ‡qv‡Mi†¶‡Î†Kv‡bvZviZg¨n‡Zcv‡ibv|

Bmjv‡gmv¤cÖ`vwqKI eY©ev‡ìAw¯ÍZ¡ †bB e‡jBAvgiv Dgi iv.-GiK‡Éïb‡ZcvB,

ÔAveyeKiiv.Avgv‡ì†bZvAviwZwbAvgv‡ìGK†bZv†ejvjiv.-†KAvhv`K‡i‡QbÕ|

66

eY©ev‡ì weiæ‡× we`vq n‡¾i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Y ivm~jyjøvn& mv. †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, Ô†Kv‡bv

Abvi‡eiIciAvi‡ei †kªôZ¡ †bB,AvibvAv‡Q †Kv‡bvAvi‡eiIciAbvi‡ei †kªôZ¡|

†Kv‡bvKv‡jviIci†Kv‡bvmv`vi†kªôZ¡†bB,AvibvAv‡Q†Kv‡bvmv`viIciKv‡jvi†kªôZ¡,

Z‡eZvK&IqvQvov|Õ

67

BmjvgGgbGKRxebeë¯’v†hLv‡bRvwZ-ag©,eY©-†MvÎ,abx-`wi`ª,†QvU-eome†f`v‡f`

gy‡Q†djviZvwM`†`q|mvgvwRKAmgZv`~i,bvixigh©v`vcÖwZôv,`vm‡ìAe¯’viDbœwZ

weavbKivigva¨‡gBmjvgxkixÔAvngvby‡ligv‡SmgZvcÖwZwôZKi‡ZPvq|

11.11. ¯^vaxbZv

gvbeRxe‡bi c~Y©weKv‡ki Rb¨ ûiwiqvZ ev ¯^vaxbZv GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| GwU Qvov

gvbeZvi mvwe©K DbœwZ I Kj¨vYmvab m¤¢e bq| Z`ycwi ¯^vaxbZv gvby‡li GKwU †gŠwjK

AwaKvi|BmjvgxkixÔAvngvby‡liGBAwaKvimsi¶‡YiwelqwU‡K¸iæ‡Z¡imv‡_we‡ePbv

K‡iGesgvbyl‡Kgvby‡lik„•Lj†_‡Kgy³K‡iZvimyßcÖwZfvIm¤¢vebvweKv‡kimy‡hvM

m„wóKiv‡KkixÔAvnij¶¨-D‡Ïk¨wn‡m‡ew¯’iK‡i|

Bmjv‡gi`„wó‡Z¯^vaxbZvgvby‡liRb¥MZAwaKviGesc„w_ex‡ZcÖwZwUgvbylBGKGKRb

Lwjdv ev cÖwZwbwa|GLv‡b †KDKv‡iv `vm bq|ZvBmgv‡Rime †kªwY‡Km‡¤^vabK‡i

BmjvgØ¨_©nxbfvlvq†NvlYvK‡i,Ô†ZvgivG‡KAc‡iimgvb|ÕBmjvgmegvby‡liGKB

Drm¯’jIcÖZ¨veZ©b¯’‡jicÖwZ `„wóAvKl©YK‡i wek¦evmx‡KRvwb‡q †`q, Ô†ZvgivmevB

Av`‡gimšÍvbGesAv`g‡Km„wóKivn‡q‡QgvwU†_‡K|Õ

68

Bmjv‡gi`„wó‡Zgvbyl‡KmvgvwRK,ivR‰bwZKIA_©‰bwZK†Kv‡bv†¶‡ÎB`v‡mcwiYZKiv

hvqbv|†Kv‡bve¨w³,GgbwKivóªIgvby‡liG¯^vaxbZvniYK‡iZv‡K`v‡mcwiYZKivi

AwaKviiv‡Lbv|gvbylRb¥MZfv‡egy³I¯^vaxb|†Kv‡bve¨w³iIci†Kv‡bve¨w³icÖvavb¨

I†kªôZ¡†bB|†KDKv‡ivcÖfybq,Avevi†KDKv‡iv`vmbqÑGUvBBmjv‡giwk¶v|wØZxq

LwjdvDgiiv.Bmjv‡giGBgnvbwk¶v‡Kev¯Í‡ecwiYZK‡iwQ‡jb|ZuviGKwUweL¨vZ

Dw³ gvbeZvi gyw³i BwZnv‡m D¾¡j n‡qAv‡Q|†mwUn‡jvÑÔ†ZvgivKLb†_‡Kgvbyl‡K

`v‡mcwiYZKi‡ZïiæK‡iQ,A_PZv‡ìgvZv‡ì‡K¯^vaxbiƒ‡cRb¥w`‡q‡Qb?Õ

69

66 mwnnAvjeyLvwi,wKZvey dvhvwqwjm mvnvev, evey gvbvwKey wejvwj ewb ivevn|

67 Bgvg Zvevivwb, gyÕRvgyj Kvwei, PZz_© Aa¨vq|

68 mwnn gymwjg I mybvb Avey `vD`|

69 AvwjAvj-ZvbZvweIbvwRAvj-ZvbZvwe,AvLeviæDgi,1959,c„.268|


11.12. bvixi AwaKvi I gh©v`v msi¶Y

bvixi AwaKvi I gh©v`v cÖwZôvq Bmjv‡gi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| bvix‡ì‡K mgv‡Ri wbôzi-wb`©q

Ae¯’v †_‡Kgy³K‡iZv‡ì‡KDËgiƒ‡cjvjb-cvjb, wk¶v`vbImgv‡RiDbœwZij‡¶¨

Dchy³K‡iM‡o†ZvjvBmjvgxkixÔAvniGKwUD‡Ïk¨|

bvixi AwaKvi I gh©v`vi welqwU eZ©gvb we‡k¦ me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi GKwU|

bvixgyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖe³v‡ì g‡a¨ †KU wg‡j, Rv‡g©b wMÖqvi, †gwi Dj÷b, A¨vwb †emvšÍ,

gvM©v‡iUmv½vi,myjZvbvivwRqv,†eMg†iv‡KqvcÖgy‡Libvg†kvbvhvq|wKš‘gvbemf¨Zvi

BwZnv‡m bvixi AwaKvi I gh©v`v cÖwZôvi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g Ges me‡P‡q †ewk †h e¨w³ †mv”Pvi

wQ‡jbwZwbn‡jbbexKwigmv.|mwZ¨KviA‡_©wZwbBbvix‡KmgvR-msmv‡iiAwe‡”Q`Ï

Acwinvh© Ask wn‡m‡e me©cÖ_g ¯^xK…wZ †`b Ges cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b bvixi AwaKvi

cwic~Y©fv‡ecÖ_gcÖwZôvK‡ib|cÖK…Zc‡¶wZwbBbvixRvMiYIbvixgyw³icÖ_gcÖe³v|

ZvBGK_vejvAZy¨w³n‡ebv†h,ÔRxe‡bAb¨wKQybvKi‡jIïaybvixRvMi‡Yi†¶‡ÎZuvi

Ae`vbBwek¦gbxlvqgynv¤§`mv.-†KmyD”PAvm‡bmy`„pfv‡eAwawôZKi‡e|Õ

70

ivm~jyjøvn&mv.-GiRb¥Kv‡jwe‡k¦i†Kv_vIbvixi†Kv‡bvm¤§vbwQjbv,GgbwKZv‡Kgvbyl

wn‡m‡eIMY¨Kivn‡Zvbv|Zv‡KÔ†fv‡Mie¯‘Õ,ÔjvÃbvÕ,ÔAcqvÕIÔcv‡cicÖwZg~wZ©ÕGes

A¯’veim¤úwËig‡ZvÔm¤úwËÕg‡bKivn‡Zv|

Rvwnwjmgv‡RbvixicÖwZwb`©qZvIwbôziZvwQjGKwU¯^vfvweKe¨vcvi|†mmgqmgv‡R

bvixi†Kv‡bvAwaKviwQjbv|Zv‡ì‡KAb¨vbÄ¯’veim¤úwËIRxeRš‘ig‡ZvBIqvwik‡ì

g‡a¨ eÈb I n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡Zv|

Rvwnwjmgv‡Rgvby‡libvixm¤úwK©ZgbgvbwmKZvieY©bvw`‡qAvjKziAv‡bejvn‡q‡Q:

ÔAvihLbZv‡ìKvD‡KKb¨vmšÍv‡bimymsev`†`qvnqZLbZvigyLgÐjKv‡jvn‡qhvq,

†mAmnbxqgb¯Ív‡cwK¬ónq|Zv‡K†hmsev`†`qvnqZviMøvwb‡nZz†mwbRm¤cÖ`vqn‡Z

AvZ¥‡MvcbK‡i| †m wPšÍvK‡i nxbZvm‡Ë¡I †mZv †i‡L †`‡e bv gvwU‡Zcuy‡Z †dj‡e!

mveavb!Zvivhvwm×všÍ†bqZvKZBbvwbK…ó!Õ

71

mgv‡RihveZxqcw¼jZv †_‡Kivm~jyjøvn&mv.bvixmgvR‡K †U‡bZz‡jG‡bgvby‡ligh©v`v

w`‡jb|AvjKziAv‡b †NvlYvKiv n‡jv, Ôbvix‡ì †Zgwb b¨vqm½ZAwaKviAv‡Q, †hgb

cyiæl‡ìAv‡QZv‡ìIci|Õ

72

11.13. ¯^v¯’¨ msi¶Y I Dbœqb

¯^v¯’¨gvbem¤ú`Dbœq‡bi¸iæZ¡c~Y©Dcv`vb|Av_©mvgvwRKDbœqbIme©vwaKcÖe„w×my¯^v‡¯’ï

Iciwbf©ikxj|¯^v¯’ëvbevwb‡ivMbvn‡jDrcv`bcÖwµqvqAskMÖnYm¤¢ebq,d‡jme©vwaK

70 ˆmqÀvkivdAvjx,m„wói†kªô,mxivZ¯§iwYKv,BmjvwgKdvD‡Ûkbevsjv‡`k,wn.1417,c„.23|

71 AvjKziAvb,16:58-59| 72 AvjKziAvb,2:228|


Drcv`bIDbœqbm¤¢enqbv|gvby‡li¯^v¯’¨msi¶‡YcÖ‡qvRbcywóKiLv`¨,DbœZ¯^v¯’¨‡mev,

nvmcvZvjm¤cÖmviY,wK¬wbK†mev,¸YMZ¯^v¯’¨‡meviwbðqZv|cvkvcvwkgvbwmK¯^v‡¯’ï

cÖwZhZœevbnIqvIRiæwi|

gvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvni`„wó‡ZÔwndRAvj-wmn&nvÕ(protection of health)ev¯^v¯’¨msi¶YÔwndRAvb-bvdmÕ-GiAšÍf©y³|gvby‡liRxebmsi¶‡YiRb¨¯^v¯’’¨msi¶YRiæwi|¯^v¯’¨

msi¶YIwk¶vAR©‡bi¸iæZ¡†evSvhvqgnvbAvjøvn&iGKevYx†_‡K|ZvjyZ‡Kev`kvn

wbhy³Kivn‡jZvim¤cÖ`v‡qi†jv‡Kivejj,ÔZv†KgbK‡inq†h,ZvikvmbAvgv‡ì

Ici Pj‡e|A_P ivóª¶gZvcvIqvi †¶‡ÎZvi †P‡qAvgv‡ìAwaKviB †ewk|Avi †m

m¤ú‡ì w`K †_‡KIm”Qjbq|bex ej‡jb, wbðqBAvjøvn& †Zvgv‡ìIciZv‡KcQ›`

K‡i‡QbGes¯^v¯’ÏÁv‡biw`Kw`‡qcÖvPzh©`vbK‡i‡Qb|Õ

73

Bmjv‡gmy¯^v¯’¨,kw³,Kj¨vY‡KAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjvic¶†_‡Kgvby‡licÖwZGKgnvbAbyMÖn

ev`vbwn‡m‡ewe‡ePbvKivnq|my¯’ZvQvovmy›ìfv‡eBev`ZIm¤úv`bIm¤¢enqbv|G

Rbïvm~jmv.my¯’ZviRb¨`yÕAvKivi wk¶v w`‡Zb|GKRbAvieivm~jm.-†K wRÁvmv

K‡iwQ‡jb,cÖwZw`bcuvPIqv³diRmvjv‡Zi†k‡lAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjvKv‡QKx`yÕAvKi‡ev?

ivm~jmv.DËiw`‡jb,my¯^v‡¯’ïRb¨`yÕAvK‡iv|†jvKwUcybivqGKBcÖkœKi‡jwZwbGKB

DËiw`‡jb|†jvKwUcybivqGKBcÖkœKi‡jwZwbej‡jb,Avjøvn&iKv‡Qmy¯^v¯’¨KvgbvK‡iv

Ges BnKvj I cviKv‡ji Kj¨vY Kvgbv K‡iv|

74

Avjøvn&ZvÔAvjvgvbeRvwZ‡K†`qv¯^v¯’¨bvgKwbqvgZm¤ú‡K©wR‡ÁmKi‡eb|¯^v¯’ï¶v

KivGesGimØënv‡iiRb¨gvbylAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjviKv‡QRevew`wnKi‡Zeva¨|Avevi

BmjvgxAvBbAbyhvqx¯^v‡¯’ïAb¨vqI¶wZKieënv‡iiRb¨Zv‡Kkvw¯Í†fvMKi‡Zn‡e|

gnvbAvjøvn&e‡jb,ÔAviAvjøvn&iwbqvgZ†cuŠ‡QhvIqvici†KDhw`ZvicwieZ©bK‡i†`q,

Z‡eAvjøvn&iAvRveKwVb|Õ

75

11.14. kvwšÍ I w¯’wZkxjZv msi¶Y

gvbeKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU Dcv`vb n‡jv kvwšÍ I w¯’wZkxjZv we`¨gvb _vKv| Bmjvgx

kixÔAvn KL‡bvB AkvwšÍ, wek„•Ljv, gvivgvwi, KvUvKvwU, i³cvZ, hy×weMÖn, jyUZivR,

†evgvevwRBZ¨vw`mg_©bK‡ibv;eisAkvwšÍie`‡jkvwšÍ,Ryjy‡gie`‡jBbmvd,Amv‡gï

e`‡jmvg¨,civaxbZvie`‡j ^vaxbZv,AÜKv‡iie`‡jAv‡jv,g~L©Zvie`‡jwk¶v, vwi‡`ªï

e`‡j mg„w×, cvkweKZvi e`‡j gvbweKZv cÖwZôvB Bmjvgx kixÔAvni D‡Ïk¨| Bmjv‡g

AkvwšÍIwek„•Ljv‡KnZ¨vi†P‡qI¸iæZiwe‡ePbvKivnq|†hgb,Avjøvn&ZvÔAvjve‡jb,

ÔwdZbv-dvmv`nZ¨vi†P‡qIKwVbAciva|Õ

76

Ô†Zvgivc„w_ex‡ZAkvwšÍm„wóK‡ivbv|Õ

77

73 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 247| 74 Rv‡g AvZ wZiwgwh|

75 Avj KziAvb, 2 : 211|




ÔBmjvgÕ cwifvlvwUi g~j kã n‡jv ÔwmjgybÕ hvi A_© kvwšÍ, cÖkvwšÍ, wbivcËv BZ¨vw`| gymwjgiv

kvwšÍwcÖqRvwZ|ZvivcÖ‡Z¨Kw`bcuvPIqv³mvjv‡ZAvjøvn&ZvÔAvjviKv‡QkvwšÍKvgbvK‡i|

mvjv‡Zi†k‡lGesZv‡ìKv‡ivmv‡_Ab¨Kv‡ivmv¶vrn‡jBme©cÖ_g†hevK¨wewbgqK‡i

Zv n‡jv ÔAvmmvjvgy AvjvBKzgÕ ev ÔAvcbvi Ici kvwšÍ ewl©Z †nvKÕ| Zviv abx-Mwie, ivRv-

cÖRv,¯^vgx-¯¿xmevBmKvj-mÜ¨vIiv‡ZGBGKBm¤¢vlYwewbgqK‡iÑÔmvjvgÕevkvwšÍ|

ZvB ejv hvq, kvwšÍ I w¯’wZkxjZvi cÖPvi I cÖwZôvB Bmjvgx kixÔAvni D‡Ïk¨|

11.15. cwi‡ek msi¶Y

Avgv‡ìPvicv‡kiRxeIRoRM‡ZimewKQy wb‡qBAvgv‡ìcwi‡ek|cwi‡e‡kime

Dcv`v‡big‡a¨GKwUMfxim¤úK©i‡q‡Q|gvby‡liRxebIAw¯ÍZ¡cwi‡e‡kimv‡_RwoZ|

ZvBgvbeRvwZiAw¯Í‡Z¡i¯^v‡_©Bcwi‡ekmsi¶YRiæwi|

Bmjvg †Kejgvby‡liAw¯ÍZ¡ i¶viK_vB e‡j bv; eis gvby‡limv‡_cwi‡ek,Rxe-Rš‘,

cï-cvwL,KxUcZ½mnmem„wóiAwaKvii¶vicÖwZ¸iæZ¡†`q|G¸‡jvAvgv‡ìcwi‡e‡ki

Ask|gvby‡liRxe‡bimyL-mg„w×, weKvk,DbœwZIAMÖMwZ wbf©iK‡icwi‡e‡kicÖvPzh©I

my¯’ZviIci|cwi‡e‡kimewKQyBm„wóKivn‡q‡Qgvby‡licÖ‡qvRbc~i‡YiRb¨|gnvbAvjø-

vn&e‡jb,Ôwhwbc„w_ex‡K†Zvgv‡ìRb¨weQvbvIAvKvk‡KQv`¯îƒcK‡i‡QbGesAvKvk

†_‡Kcvwbel©YK‡iZvw`‡q†Zvgv‡ìRxweKviRb¨djg~jDrcv`bK‡ib|Õ

78

cwi‡ek msi¶‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i gnvb Avjøvn& e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv c„w_ex‡Z wech©q m„wó

Ki‡Z†P‡qvbv,wbðqBgnvbAvjøvn&wech©qm„wóKvix‡KcQ›`K‡ibbv|

79

†Kbbv, Ôgvby‡li

K…ZK‡g©i iæYR‡jI ’‡jwech©qQwo‡qc‡o|Õ

80

gvby‡liØvivm„ócwi‡ekwech©‡qicwiYvg

Zv‡KB†fvMKi‡Znq|gnvwe‡k¦i†h‡Kv‡bvwech©‡qiKvi‡YBm„wónq ywf©¶,k‡mïDrcv`b

n«vm,Abve„wóIAwZe„wóig‡ZvcÖwZKyjAe¯’v,hvgvby‡liAw¯Í‡Z¡iRb¨ûgwK¯îƒc|c„w_ex‡Z

gvby‡liAw¯Í‡Z¡i¯^v‡_©Bcwi‡ekmsi¶YKivRiæwi|d‡jAvaywbKBmjvgx¯‹jviMYcwi‡ek

msi¶Y‡KkixÔAvniGKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y©D‡Ïk¨wn‡m‡eMÖnYK‡i‡Qb|

12. gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn m~PK

gvbem¤ú‡ì Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î wZbwU †gŠwjK Dcv`v‡biAwR©Z mvd‡jï msw¶ßmvi n‡jv

HDI (Human Development Index)evgvbem¤ú`Dbœqbm~PK|GwZbwUDcv`vbn‡jv,Rxe‡bi `xN© ¯’vwqZ¡ (longivity of life), `¶Zv Dbœqbm¤ú„³ Ávb (knowledge related to development of skills) I Kg©ms¯’vb ev AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb (self employment or formal employment)|


79 AvjKziAvb,28:77



gvbem¤ú`Dbœqbm~P‡Kigva¨‡ggvbeDbœq‡biLvZ¸‡jviev¯ÍeAe¯’vdz‡UI‡V|Gigva¨‡g

wk¶v,¯^v¯’¨,Rxebgvb,`vwi`ª¨we‡gvPbBZ¨vw`Lv‡ZAwR©Zmvdj¨cwigvcKivhvq|wKš‘

BmjvgxkixÔAvni`„wó‡KvY†_‡KD³Dcv`vb¸‡jviAv‡jv‡Kgvbem¤ú`Dbœqbm~PKwbY©q

KivKwVb|†Kbbv,ïaygvby‡li`xN©Avqy®‹vj,`¶ZvIKg©ms¯’vbevo‡jBZviKj¨vYn‡q‡Q

GK_vejvhvqbv|KviY,Kj¨vYn‡jvgvby‡liKv‡Ridjvdj,hvïayBnKv‡jBmxgve×

bq;eisP~ovšÍKj¨vYjvfKivhvqciKv‡j|GRb¨GKRbwek¦vmxgvbylAfve-AbUb,

wec`-Avc`,AmyL-wemy‡Lhw` ah©aviYK‡iGUvIZviRb¨Kj¨vY|GicÖwZdj†mciKv‡j

jvfKi‡Zcvi‡e|GcÖm‡½ivm~jmv.-GievYxLyeBcÖwYavb‡hvM¨|ivmyjyjøvnmv.e‡j‡Qb,

ÔgyÕwg‡biAe¯’vwe¯§qKi|meKvRBZviRb¨Kj¨vYKi|gyÕwgbQvovAb¨†KDGêwkó¨

jvfKi‡Zcv‡ibv|ZvivmyL-kvwšÍjvfKi‡jïKzi-¸RviK‡iAviAm”QjZvev`ytL-

gywme‡ZAvµvšÍn‡jmeiK‡i,cÖ‡Z¨KUvBZviRb¨Kj¨vYKi|

81

Z‡egvbem¤ú`Dbœqbm~P‡Kigva¨‡g†hgbAvqy®‹vj,wk¶vMZ†hvM¨ZvIRxebgv‡biAe¯’vb

cwigvcKivhvq†ZgwbgvKvwmÀvk&kixÔAvnm~P‡Kigva¨‡gØxb,Rxeb,AvKj,eskI

m¤ú‡ì †¶‡Î AwR©Z mvdj¨ cwigvc Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î h_vh_fv‡e Bmjvgx kixÔAvni

wewaweavb cwicvwjZ n‡j gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn m~PK ev MS (Maqasid Al Shariah) ev‡oe‡j a‡i †bqv nq| ev¯Íe Rxe‡b kixÔAvni Abykxjb wKfv‡e gvKvwm` Avk&kixÔAvn m~PK

evovqwewfbœ`„wó‡KvY†_‡KZviwKQyeY©bvZz‡jaivn‡jv|

1. Rxeb msi¶Y bxwZ

1.1 wbivcËv :Rxe‡biwbivcËvevo‡jMS (Maqasid Al Shariah)m~PKev‡o|1.2 ¯^v¯’¨ :¯^v¯’¨myweavevo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|1.3 mg‡qi mØënvi :kixÔAvnm¤§ZKvh©µ‡gigva¨‡gmg‡qimØënviKive‡jMS

m~PKev‡o|

1.4 kvixwiK †hvM¨Zv :êa†Ljvayjv,e¨vqvgIKv‡Rigva¨‡gkvixwiK†hvM¨Zvevo‡j

MSm~PKev‡o|1.5 ¯^vaxbZv : ¯^vaxbZv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk mvab K‡i e‡j MSm~PKevovq|1.6 mywk¶v :mywk¶vinvievo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|1.7 cÖwk¶Y :cÖwk¶Y†ckv`vwi‡Z¡¸YMZcwieZ©bevovqe‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

2. wek¦vm msi¶Y bxwZ

2.1 wek¦vm :wek¦vmKg©‡Kcwiï×K‡iMSm~PKevovq|

2.2 mvjvZ : wbqwgZ mvjvZ Av`vq MSm~PKevovq|

81 mwnngymwjg,wKZveymRynwÌqviivKvK,eve,Avj-gyÕwgbyAvgiæûKzjyûLvBiæb,nv.bs-7390|


2.3 mvIg :mvIgcvjbAvwZ¥KIkvixwiKDrKl©e„w×igva¨‡gMSm~PKevovq|

2.4 hvKvZ :hvKvZm¤úÌhvKvZ`vZvicweÎZvIcwiï×Zve„w×igva¨‡gMS m~PK

ev‡o|

2.5 n¾ :n¾m¤úv`bMSm~PKevovq|

2.6 Bmjvgx wk¶v :¸YMZBmjvgxwk¶vMSm~PKevovq|

3. AvKj msi¶Y bxwZ

3.1 ÁvbvR©b :ÁvbvR©‡biAevamy‡hvMMSm~PKevovq|

3.2 ¶wZKi :eyw×gËviRb¨¶wZKiwelq`~iKivn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

3.3 Abykxjb :Bmjvgxwk¶v‡KKv‡RcwiYZKivn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

3.4 wk¶v :mywk¶vi¯ÍiDbœZn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

3.5 M‡elYv : ev¯ÍewfwËK I ¸YMZ M‡elYv MSm~PKevovq|

4. eskaviv msi¶Y bxwZ

4.1 weevn :weevneskavivicweÎZvi¶vigva¨‡gMSm~PKevovq|

4.2 cvwievwiK Rxeb :myLxcvwievwiKRxebMSm~PKevovq|

4.3 mvgvwRK eÜb :cwievwiKeÜbmy`„pn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

4.4 ˆbwZKZv :ˆbwZKKvh©µgevo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

4.5 gv‡qi kªg :mšÍvbjvjb-cvj‡bgv‡qikªgevo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

4.6 m¤§vb :evev-gv‡qicÖwZm¤§vbMSm~PKevovq|

5. m¤ú` msi¶ bxwZ

5.1 ¯’vbvšÍi :hvKvZImv`vKvn&igva¨‡gabx‡ì†_‡KMwie‡ìcÖwZm¤ú` ’vbvšÍwiZ

n‡j MSm~PKev‡o|

5.2 SuywK :m¤ú‡ìSuywKKg‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.3 mÂqb :hvKvZImv`vKvncÖ`v‡bicimÂqevo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.4 g~jab MVb :mÂqmgv‡e‡kigva¨‡gg~jabMwVZn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.5 wewb‡qvM :my`gy³A_©vqbc×wZ‡Zwewb‡qvMev‡oe‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.6 DcvR©b :nvjvjevêac‡_m¤úÀwR©Zn‡jMSm~PKev‡o|wKš‘A‰eac‡_m¤úÀwR©Zn‡jMS m~PK K‡g|

5.7 e¨q :nvjvjevêac‡_e¨qevo‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.8 eÈb :BbmvdwfwËKeÈbwbwðZn‡jAvq‰elg¨K‡gd‡jMSm~PKev‡o|


5.9 e¨w³gvwjKvbv :e¨w³gvwjKvbvm¤ú`msi¶YwbwðZK‡ie‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

5.10 w¯’wZkxjZv :Kj¨vYg~jKA_©‰bwZKeë¯’vcÖwZwôZn‡jA_©‰bwZKw¯’wZkxjZv

ev‡oe‡jMSm~PKev‡o|

13. Dcmsnvi

Avev‡iv ejv hvq, Bmjvgx kixÔAvni g~j¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gvby‡li Kj¨vY mvab Kiv| AvaywbK

wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M Kj¨v‡Yi cwiwa we¯Í…Z| weÁvb I cÖhyw³i DbœwZi d‡j gvby‡li Pvwn`v I

cÖ‡qvR‡bi †¶‡Î weivUcwieZ©bG‡m‡Q|Gcwi‡cÖw¶‡ZkixÔAvni †gŠwjKcuvPwURiæwi

wel‡qimsi¶YIDbœq‡bi†¶‡ÎAv‡ivbZzbbZzbAbyMvgxwelq†hvMn‡q‡Q|Gmewelq

AR©b KivI kixÔAvni D‡Ï‡kï AšÍfy©³|

kixÔAvni GKwU g~jbxwZ n‡jv Ae¯’vi I mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b Kj¨v‡Yi cwieZ©b n‡j ûKz‡gi

cÖ‡qv‡MI cwieZ©b Av‡m| G Kvi‡Y gvby‡li ev¯Íe Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K gvbeKj¨vYg~jK welq

wba©vi‡YM‡elYvi†¶‡ÎBmjvgx¯‹jvi‡ìAv‡iv†ewkAvZ¥wb‡qvMKivRiæwi|G†¶‡Î

AMÖvwaKviwdKvni`„wófw½‡Zgvby‡liRiæwiqvZ,nvwRqvZIZvnwmwbqvZwba©viYKivi

`vweiv‡L|

eZ©gv‡bDbœqbAwZcwiwPZIcÖ‡qvRbxqGKwUaviYv|AviBmjvgxc×wZGUvmg_©bK‡i

†h,Dbœq‡bicÖv_wgKDcv`vbgvbylGesGi†klK_vIgvbyl|GRb¨meviAv‡Mgvby‡li

Dbœq‡biIciAMÖvwaKvi w`‡Zn‡e,hv‡ZZviv wb‡Rivcwiï×n‡qmgv‡RiKj¨v‡YKvR

Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cwi‡k‡lejv hvq,Avjøvn&ZvÔAvjvGgnvwek¦ m„wóK‡i‡Qb|Zuvi †kªôm„wóAvgv‡ìGB

gvbeRvwZ| wZwbgvby‡licÖwZK‡i‡QbKiæYvGesZv‡ì‡Kc_ †`Lv‡bviRb¨hy‡Mhy‡M

bex-ivm~j†cÖiYIwKZvebvwRjK‡i‡Qb|GBbex-ivm~jM‡Yigva¨‡ggnvbAvjøvn&ic¶

†_‡KgvbeRvwZ‡K†`qvn‡q‡QGKBØxbevRxebweavbGesmg‡qvc‡hvMxK‡i†`qvn‡q‡Q

kixÔAvnevAvBbKvbyb|gnvbAvjøvn&iAvBb-Kvbybe¨vcKI we¯Í…Z| wZwb †hgbgvby‡li

RbÄvBbcÖYqbK‡i‡Qb†Zgwbwek¦-cÖK…wZ‡Kmy›ìImyPviæfv‡ecwiPvjbviRbÏcÖYqb

K‡i‡Qb wewfbœ AvBbKvbyb| cÖK…wZ RM‡ZAvjøvn& ZvÔAvjv cÖ`ËAvBbKvbyb Abym„Z n‡”Q

e‡jB†mLv‡b†Kv‡bvwek„•Ljv†bB|†Zgwbfv‡egvby‡lime©v½xYKj¨vY,DbœqbIAwaKvi

cÖwZôvi†¶‡ÎBmjvgxkixÔAvnibxwZc×wZh_vh_fv‡eAbym„Zn‡j†UKmBIw¯’wZkxj

Dbœqbm¤¢e|mve©RbxbgvbevwaKvi,gvbeKj¨vYIgvby‡liAwaKvicÖwZôvi†¶‡ÎBmjv‡gi

wPišÍbbxwZI†KŠkj¸‡jvïayZ‡Ë¡ig‡a¨mxgve×bv†i‡Lmgv‡Rime†¶‡ÎGiKvh©Ki

cÖ‡qv‡MicÖ‡PóvqGwM‡qAvmvmegvbeZvev`xicÖavb`vwqZ¡|

Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd - Bmjvgx e¨vswKs| 1...2| Bmjvgx e¨vswKs Islami Banking September 2015 A...

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