Investors perception on portfolio management services

8/2/2019 Investors perception on portfolio management services

1/64

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KEDMGY@CLICBCM\

Czp~cuuagm gf fccàmiu nq yg~lu bkdcu |jcb `cuu uaimafaekm| yjcm

A|egbcu |g bkdc u|k|cbcm| gf i~k|a|slc

Ya|j ~cik~l |g bq _~ghce| ya|j ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU,

Njsnkmcuyk~, A ygs`l àdc |g |jkmd ckej kml cvc~qgmc yjg gffc~cl

jc`p, isalcàmcu kml usppg~| yjcmcvc~ ~c{sa~cl-

A uamec~c`q czp~cuu bq |jkmdfs`mcuu |g B~- UYKU\A USMLC^

NCJC^K, Njsnkmcuyk~ fg~ |jca~ vk`skn`c usiicu|agmu kml jc`p

ls~ami |jc p~ghce|-

A kb cz|~cbc`q i~k|cfs` |g bq eg``cic isalc, B~- _D UKJGG

*@ce|s~c~ esb"\~kamc~!, U^SU\A KEKLCBQ GF

BKMKICBCM\, Njsnkmcuyk~-

A czp~cuu bq lccp ucmuc gf i~k|a|slc |g bq egbpkmq bcm|g~u, ya|jgs|

yjguc usppg~| kml eggpc~k|agm |jau p~ghce| egs`l mg| jkvc nccm

egbp`c|cl useecuufs``q-

@ku| ns| mg| `cku|, A kb lccp`q amlcn|cl |g IGL kml bq pk~cm|u fg~|jca~ egmu|km| n`cuuamiu-

K U|slq gm Amvcu|g~u_c~ecp|agm gm_G^\FG@AG

BKMKICBCM\

UC^VAECUYa|j ~cfc~cmec |g

ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU FAMKMEAK@

UC^VAECU @\L-

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Usnba||cl Nq

B~-Uk~gh Dsbk~ Ncjc~k

^cil- Mg- ;??6>:6?3

Czp~cuuagm gf fccàmiu nq yg~lu bkdcu |jcb `cuu uaimafaekm| yjcm

A| egbcu |g bkdc u|k|cbcm| gf i~k|a|slc

Ya|j ~cik~l |g bq _~ghce| ya|j ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU,

Njsnkmcuyk~, A ygs`l àdc |g |jkmd ckej kml cvc~q gmc yjg gffc~cl

jc`p, isalcàmcu kml usppg~| yjcmcvc~ ~c{sa~cl-

A uamec~c`q czp~cuu bq |jkmdfs`mcuu |g B~- UYKU\A USMLC^

NCJC^K kml B~- KNJAUCDJ UK\J_K\JQ, ICGHA\ NM__KÂNKU, NJSNKMCUYK^, fg~ |jca~ vk`skn`c usiicu|agmu kml

jc`p ls~ami |jc p~ghce|-

A kb cz|~cbc`q i~k|cfs` |g bq eg``cic isalc, B~- _-D UKJGG *Kuu|-

_~gf- esb"Isalc~!, U^SU\A KEKLCBQ GF BKMKICBCM\,

NJSNKMCUYK^-

Kml k`` |jc fkes`|q bcbnc~ gf bq eg``cic fg~ |jca~ vk`skn`cusiicu|agmu kml kn`c isalkmec-

A czp~cuu bq lccp ucmuc gf i~k|a|slc |g bq egbpkmq bcm|g~u, ya|jgs|

yjguc usppg~| kml eggpc~k|agm |jau p~ghce| egs`l mg| jkvc nccm

egbp`c|cl useecuufs``q-

@ku| ns| mg| `cku|, A kb lccp`q amlcn|cl |g IGL kml bq pk~cm|u fg~

|jca~ egmu|km| n`cuuamiu-

Uk~gh Dsbk~ Ncjc~k

^cil- Mg-;??6>:6?3


3/64

5

A jc~cnq lce`k~c |jk| |jau Usbbc~ Am|c~mujap _~ghce| ^cpg~| cm|a|`cl

K U\SLQ GM AMVCU\GÛ _CÊC_\AGM GM _G\FG@AGBKMKICBCM\ UC^VAEC YA\J ^CFC^CMEC \G ICGHA\

NM_ _KÂNKU Njsnkmcuyk~ usnba||cl am pk~|ak` fs`fa`bcm| gf~c{sa~cbcm| gf Bkmkicbcm| am Nsuamcuu Klbamau|~k|agm *BNK! |g

|jc Amu|a|s|c gf U^SU\A KEKLCBQ GF BKMKICBCM\,

Njsnkmcuyk~ au nkucl gm p~abk~q kml ucegmlk~q lk|k fgsmlcl nq bc

am vk~agsu lcpk~|bcm|, nggdu, bkikxamcu kml ycnua|cu-

\jau au km g~aiamk` pacec gf yg~d kml jku mg| nccm usnba||cl |g kmq

g|jc~ amu|a|s|agm g~ smavc~ua|q fg~ kmq ps~pguc-

A kùg lce`k~c |jk| |jau p~ghce| au k icmsamc yg~d ek~~acl gs| nq bc kml

k`` |jc amfg~bk|agm usnba||cl au |~sc kml g~aiamk` |g |jc ncu| gf bq

dmgy`clic kml ncàcf-

_`kec8"Njsnkmcuyk~ Uk~gh Dsbk~ Ncjc~k

^cil- mg-;??6>:6?3


4/64

, e`ksuc *l! gf |jc UCNA *pg~|fgàg bkmkic~u! ^s`cu, ;115

lcfamcu |jc |c~b _g~|fgàg ku |g|k` jg`lami gf uces~a|acu

nc`gmiami |g kmq pc~ugm-

_BU Vu- Bs|sk` Fsmlu

K bs|sk` fsml au k eg``ce|avc pgg` yjc~c bgmcq au gn|kamcl f~gb k

`k~ic msbnc~ gf pc~ugmu kml amvcu|cl nq p~gfcuuagmkù- \jc

fsmlkbcm|k` laffc~cmec nc|yccm bs|sk` fsml kml pg~|fgàg

bkmkicbcm| uc~vaec au |jk| |jc `k||c~ amvg`vcu bkmkicbcm| kmlabp`cbcm|k|agm gf qgs~ lceauagmu-

Sm`cuu qgs upceafaek``q kud fg~ |jc ukbc, |jc _BU au mg| igami |g |kdc

amvcu|bcm| lceauagmu fg~ qgs- Gm |jc g|jc~ jkml, qgs ekmmg| amu|~se|

qgs~ bs|sk` fsml jgsuc bkmkic~ |g amvcu| qgs~ bgmcq am upceafae

uce|g~u gm`q, ~aij|7 \jau lceauagm ujgs`l nc |kdcm yjcm qgs k~c

ejgguami |jc bs|sk` fsml uejcbc- Jgycvc~, gmec |jc ejgaecu nccm

|kdcm, qgs `guc k`` f~cclgb gf amlaek|ami qgs~ pc~ugmk` ejgaec-

Kmg|jc~ uaimafaekm| laffc~cmec nc|yccm pg~|fgàg bkmkicbcm| uc~vaeckml bs|sk` fsmlu au |jk| |jc fg~bc~ ekm gffc~ esu|gbaxcl kml


13/64

;5

_g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu kml Bs|sk` Fsmlu8 \jc

Laffc~cmecu

Fck|s~cu _BU Bs|sk` Fsml

Bkmkicbcm| _~gvalc gmigami,

pc~ugmkàxcl keecuu |g

p~gfcuuagmk` bgmcq

bkmkicbcm| uc~vaecu

_~gvalc keecuu |g

p~gfcuuagmk` bgmcq

bkmkicbcm| uc~vaecu

Esu|gbaxk|agm _g~|fgàg ekm nc |ka`g~cl |g

kll~cuu ckej amvcu|g~)u

upceafae mcclu

_g~|fgàg u|~se|s~cl |g

bcc| |jc fsml)u u|k|cl

amvcu|bcm| gnhce|avcu

Gymc~ujap Amvcu|g~u la~ce|`q gym |jc

amlavalsk` uces~a|acu am |jca~

pg~|fgàg, k``gyami fg~ |kz

bkmkicbcm| f`czanaà|q

Ujk~cjg`lc~u gym

ujk~cu gf |jc fsml kml

ekmmg| amf`scmec nsq

kml uc`` lceauagmu g~

egm|~g` |jca~ czpgus~c

|g ames~~ami |kz

àknaà|acu@a{sala|q K`|jgsij bkmkic~u bkq

jg`l ekuj, |jcq k~c mg|

~c{sa~cl |g jg`l ekuj |g

bcc| ~clcbp|agmu

Bs|sk` fsmlu

icmc~k``q jg`l ugbc

ekuj |g bcc|

~clcbp|agmu

Bamabsbu Uaimafaekm|`q jaijc~

bamabsb amvcu|bcm|u |jkm

bs|sk` fsmlu- Icmc~k``q,

bamabsb ~kmicu f~gb8

û- ; E~g~c $ fg~ C{sa|q

Gp|agmu

û- 3 E~g~c $ fg~ Fazcl

Amegbc Gp|agmu

û- >? @keu $ fg~

U|~se|s~cl _~glse|u

_~gvalc gmigami,

pc~ugmkàxcl keecuu |g

p~gfcuuagmk` bgmcq

bkmkicbcm| uc~vaecu


16/64

;6

I~gsp ncmcfa|u f~gb a|u fgs~ lgbcu|ae bk~dc|u8 Ncìasb, F~kmec, A|k`q

kml @szcbngs~i- NM_ _k~anku kùg jku k uaimafaekm| p~cucmec am |jc

Sma|cl U|k|cu kml u|~gmi pgua|agmu am Kuak kml |jc cbc~iami bk~dc|u-

NM_ _k~anku jku nccm gpc~k|ami am Amlak uamec ;:6? am k msbnc~ gfnsuamcuucu usej ku Amvcu|bcm| Nkmdami *EAN!, _~avk|c nkmdami *NM_

_k~anku Yck`|j Bkmkicbcm|!, @afc Amus~kmec *UNA @afc! kml Kuuc|

Bkmkicbcm| *Usmlk~kb NM_ _k~anku!, Amf~ku|~se|s~c Fsmlami *U~ca

NM_ _k~anku!, ^c|ka` Famkmeami *Usmlk~kb NM_ _k~anku Jgbc

Famkmec!, Ek~ Egm|~ke| Ja~ami *K~vk`!, Amu|a|s|agmk` N~gdami *NM_

_k~anku Uces~a|acu Amlak! kml Uces~a|acu Uc~vaecu *Usmlk~kb NM_

_k~anku Uces~a|acu Uc~vaecu kml NM_ _k~anku Usmlk~kb I`gnkÙces~a|acu Gpc~k|agmu!-

K `cklami ~c|ka` famkmeak` uc~vaecu p`kqc~

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku |glkq au k `cklami ~c|ka` famkmeak` uc~vaecu

egbpkmq am Amlak ya|j k i~gyami p~cucmec am |jc Ball`c Cku|- \jc

egbpkmq ~alcu gm a|u ~aej czpc~acmec am |jc ekpa|k` bk~dc| |g gffc~ a|u

eàcm|u k yalc pg~|fgàg gf ukvamiu kml amvcu|bcm| ug`s|agmu-\jc ikbs| gf vk`sc"kllcl p~glse|u kml uc~vaecu gffc~cl ~kmicu f~gb

c{sa|acu kml lc~avk|avcu |g Bs|sk` Fsmlu, @afc & Icmc~k` Amus~kmec

kml |ja~l pk~|q Fazcl Lcpgua|u-

\jc mcclu gf gvc~


17/64

;9

i`gnk` mc|yg~d, Icgha| NM_ _k~anku au yc`` pgua|agmcl |g fs~|jc~

czpkml a|u ~ckej |g MÂu am :3 egsm|~acu- Nk~hcc` Icgha| Uces~a|acu au

|jc hgam| vcm|s~c ya|j |jc K` Uksl i~gsp am |jc Sma|cl K~kn Cba~k|cu

|jk| au jckl{sk~|c~cl am Lsnka ya|j n~kmejcu am Kns Ljkna, ^ku K`Djkabkj, Ujk~hkj kml Bsuek|- K`gs`k Icgha| N~gdc~kic Egbpkmq

jckl{sk~|c~cl am âqklj au |jc g|jc~ hgam| vcm|s~c ya|j |jc K` Hgjk~

i~gsp am Uksla K~knak- \jc egbpkmq kùg jku k nsuamcuu pk~|mc~ujap

ya|j |jc Nkmd gf Nkj~kam kml Dsyka|, gmc gf |jc `k~icu| ~c|ka` nkmdu

am Nkj~kam kml Dsyka|-

K| |jc fg~cf~gm| gf |jc bkmq f~sa|fs` kuugeak|agmu nc|yccm Icgha| NM_

_k~anku kml NM_ _k~anku au |jca~ hgam| vcm|s~c, mkbc`q, NM_ _k~ankuUces~a|acu Amlak _~avk|c @aba|cl- \jau HV yku e~ck|cl cze`suavc`q fg~

lgbcu|ae kml fg~caim amu|a|s|agmk` eàcm|u- Km amlsu|~q fa~u| yku

kejacvcl yjcm Icgha| NM_ _k~anku ncekbc |jc fa~u| n~gdc~ am Amlak |g

gffc~ fs`` La~ce| Bk~dc| Keecuu *LBK! gm MUC |g |jc HVu

amu|a|s|agmk` eàcm|u- K u|~gmi n~kml alcm|a|q kml cz|cmuavc amlsu|~q

dmgy`clic egsp`cl ya|j NM_ _k~anku am|c~mk|agmk` czpc~|auc iavcu

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku k egbpc|a|avc klvkm|kic-

Czpkmlami ~kmic gf gmàmc p~glse|u kml uc~vaecu

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku jku p~gvcm czpc~|auc am p~gvalami gmàmc uc~vaecu-

Am |jc qck~ >???, |jc egbpkmq yku |jc fa~u| u|ged n~gdc~ am |jc

egsm|~q |g gffc~ Am|c~mc| \~klami- \jau yku fg``gycl nq am|ci~k|ami

|jc fa~u| Nkmd _kqbcm| Ik|cykq am |jc egsm|~q fg~ Am|c~mc| \~klami,

kml bkmq g|jc~ amlsu|~q fa~u|u- âlami gm |jau czpc~acmec, kmljk~mcuuami NM_ _k~anku _c~ugmk` Amvcu|g~u czpc~|auc ku |jc `cklami

gmàmc n~gdc~ am Cs~gpc au jc`pami |jc egbpkmq |g ~kpal`q czpkml a|u

nsuamcuu am |jau ucibcm|- _~cucm|`q, eàcm|u ekm |~klc gmàmc am

c{sa|acu, lc~avk|avcu, es~~cmeq fs|s~cu, bs|sk` fsmlu kml A_Gu, kml

uc`ce| f~gb bs`|ap`c nkmd pkqbcm| ik|cykqu fg~ gmàmc |~kmufc~ gf

fsmlu- U|~k|ciae N>N ki~ccbcm|u ya|j Kzau Nkmd kml Fclc~k` Nkmd

cmkn`c |jc ~cupce|avc nkmdu eàcm|u |g gpcm am|ci~k|cl5"am"; keegsm|u|g uckb`cuu`q |~klc vak k ugpjau|aek|cl Gmàmc \~klami p`k|fg~b-


18/64

;:

Fs~|jc~, lcp`gqbcm| gf NM_ _k~anku u|k|c"gf"|jc"k~| i`gnk``q

keecp|cl uqu|cbu kml p~gecuucu au k`~cklq uekàmi sp |jc uk`cu gf

Bs|sk` Fsmlu kml Amus~kmec-

Yalc ~kmic gf p~glse|u kml uc~vaecu

Ec~|afacl famkmeak` klvaug~u jc`p eàcm|u |g k~~avc k| |jc ~aij| famkmeak`

ug`s|agm |g bcc| |jca~ amlavalsk` mcclu- \jc yalc ~kmic gf p~glse|u

kml uc~vaecu gm gffc~ ame`slcu "

C{sa|acu Lc~avk|avcu Es~~cmeq Fs|s~cu Esu|glq Keegsm|u

Bs|sk` Fsmlu @afc Amus~kmec & Icmc~k` Amus~kmec A_Gu

_g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu _~gpc~|q Uc~vaecu Bk~iamFsmlami @gkmu kikamu| Ujk~cu

K i~gyami fgg|p~am|

Ya|j k p~cucmec am k`bgu| k`` |jc bkhg~ u|k|cu gf Amlak, |jc mc|yg~d gf

gvc~ 3?? gffaecu ke~guu 5?? ea|acu kml |gymu p~cucm|`q egvc~u Kmlj~k

_~klcuj, Najk~, Ejjk||auik~j, Igk, Ishk~k|, Jk~qkmk, Hkbbs &

Dkujba~, Dk~mk|kdk, Dc~k`k, Bkljqk _~klcuj, Bkjk~kuj|~k, McyLc`ja, G~auuk, _smhkn, ^khku|jkm, \kba` Mkls & _gmlaejc~~q, S||k~

_~klcuj, S||k~kmejk` kml Ycu| Ncmik`-

Icgha| ba`cu|gmc

_~glse| ammgvk|agm nkedcl nq k jaij `cvc` gf lgbkam upceafae

dmgy`clic kml u|k|c"gf"|jc"k~| |cejmg`giq jku jc`pcl Icgha| NM_

_k~anku uc| bkmq ba`cu|gmcu ame`slami msbc~gsu amlsu|~q fa~u|u-;1:6

Bcbnc~ujap am Egejam U|ged Czejkmic *EUC!-

;11< pc~ecm| c{sa|q u|kdc-


20/64

>?

>??6

Ejk~|c~ bcbnc~ gf |jc Famkmeak` _`kmmami U|kmlk~lu Ngk~l gfAmlak-

>??9

NM_ _k~anku |kdcu k u|kdc am |jc egbpkmqu c{sa|q, bkdami a||jc uami`c `k~icu| ujk~cjg`lc~-

Cu|knàujcu Hgam| Vcm|s~c am Uksla K~knak |g uc~vc |jc Ukslamk|agmk` kml |jc MÂ-

>??:NM_ _k~anku Uces~a|acu Amlak *_! @|l- k Hgam| Vcm|s~c ya|j

NM_ _k~anku U-K- fg~ Amu|a|s|agmk` N~gdc~kic-

;u| n~gdc~kic |g gffc~ fs`` La~ce| Bk~dc| Keecuu czces|agm am

Amlak fg~ amu|a|s|agmk` eàcm|u->??1@ksmej gf _~gpc~|q Uc~vaecu lavauagm-@ksmej gf gmàmc |~klami am Es~~cmeq Lc~avk|avcu-Egmuc{scm| |g NM_ _k~anku ncegbami |jc `k~icu| u|kdcjg`lc~ am

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku, egbpkmq au ~cmkbcl ku Icgha| NM_ _k~anku

Famkmeak` Uc~vaecu @|l-

>?;?

@ksmej gf F@A_ *Famkmeak` Amvcu|bcm| _`k|fg~b!, k mcyklvkmecl gmàmc amvcu|bcm| p`k|fg~b-

Bauuagm gf |jc ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU au

\g clsek|c kml cbpgyc~ |jc amlavalsk` amvcu|g~ |g bkdc nc||c~amvcu|bcm| lceauagmu |j~gsij8

[SK@A\Q KLVAEC AMMGVK\AVC _^GLSE\U kml

US_CÂG^ UC^VAEC

Yjq icgha| 7

;- >< qck~u gf jau|g~q am Amlakm Ekpa|k` Bk~dc|

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku jku >< qck~u gf am"lcp|j n~gdami czpc~acmec am |jc

Amlakm Ekpa|k` Bk~dc|- Bg~c |jkm 3, 96,??? eàcm|u kml gvc~ û


21/64

>;

;5,:?? e~g~cu *ku gf 5;u| Lce >?;?! am Kuuc|u smlc~ Bkmkicbcm|

~cf`ce| |jc |~su| ~cpgucl am gs~ czpc~|auc-

>- _agmcc~ am Gmàmc \~klami am Fcn- >???

Am |jc qck~ >???, Icgha| NM_ _k~anku pagmcc~cl |jc uabp`c egmecp| gf

p~gvalami amlavalskù ya|j |jc fkeaà|q |g |~klc gmàmc- \jau ~cvg`s|agm

jku iavcm |jc egbpkmq |jc fa~u| bgvc~ klvkm|kic am gmàmc |~klami- Ku

k e~ck|avc ammgvk|g~, Icgha| NM_ _k~anku sucu klvkmecl |cejmg`giq am

gmàmc |~klami |g bcc| eàcm| ~c{sa~cbcm|u usej ku esu|gbaxcl gmàmc

|~klami p`k|fg~bu kml bkmq g|jc~ uc~vaecu-

5- U|~gmi Ujk~cjg`lc~u

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku au nkedcl nq u|~gmi ujk~cjg`lc~u- Am >??9, i`gnk`

nkmdami bkhg~ NM_ _k~anku hgamcl |jc egbpkmqu g|jc~ bkhg~

ujk~cjg`lc~u " B~-E-H-Icg~ic, DUALE *Dc~k`k U|k|c Amlsu|~ak`

Lcvc`gpbcm| Eg~pg~k|agm! kml B~-^kdcuj Hjsmhjsmyk`k yjcm a|

|ggd k u|kdc |g ncegbc |jc uami`c `k~icu| ujk~cjg`lc~-


22/64

>>

6- @ck~m |jc e~kf|

Qgs |gg ekm lcvc`gp qgs~ |~klami uda`ù nq kvkaàmi gf |jc cffce|avc

isalkmec nq gs~ ~cuck~ej lcpk~|bcm|- Yc gffc~"

Lka`q bkaù lcàvc~cl |g gs~ eàcm|u bka`ngz gm bk~dc|egmla|agmu kml ~cegbbcmlk|agmu

\cejmaek` kmk`quau gf NUC >?? Amlcz ue~apu

F~cc bgm|j`q amvcu|bcm| bkikxamc

Uc~vaecu gf p~gfcuuagmk``q {skàfacl czces|avcu k| 3-

;u| Amlakm u|ged n~gdami egbpkmq |g egbbcmec lgbcu|ae

~c|ka` n~gdami gpc~k|agmu am kmq fg~caim egsm|~q- ;u| am |jc amlsu|~q |g jkvc k i`gnk` p`kqc~ gffc~ami a|u mkbc

|jc~cnq e~ck|ami Icgha| NM_ _k~anku-

;u| |g `ksmej cze`suavc n~kmejcu fg~ ygbcm am >??3-

1- Gs~ lccp ~ckej

Yc jkvc k pkm"Amlak mc|yg~d gf gvc~ 3


23/64

>5

;?- Yalc ~kmic gf fsml gp|agmu

Icgha| NM_ _k~anku iavcu qgs |jc gp|agm |g ejgguc f~gb |jc 9??

p`su Bs|sk` Fsml uejcbcu gffc~cl nq gvc~ 53 Kuuc| Bkmkicbcm|

egbpkmacu usej ku UNA Bs|sk` Fsml, ^càkmec Bs|sk` Fsml,F~kmdàm \cbp`c|gm Amlak Bs|sk` Fsml, \k|k Bs|sk` Fsml,

Usmlk~kb NM_ _k~anku Bs|sk` Fsml, Falcà|q Bs|sk` Fsml, kml

JLFE Bs|sk` Fsml-

_^GLSE\ KML UC^VAECU GFFC^L NQ ICGHA\ NM_

_KÂNKU

;" C{sa|q \~klami _`k|fg~b & Lc~avk|avcu *Gmàmc'Gffàmc!-

>" Egbbgla|acu \~klami _`k|fg~b *Gmàmc'Gffàmc!-

5" _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaec *_BU!-

??? àu| gf \jc Yg~`lu @cklami Egbpkmacu-

\cejmg`giq

Icgha| NM_ au ~cegimaxcl ku k pagmcc~ am am|~glseami ammgvk|avc

|cejmg`giq l~avcm amvcu|bcm| ug`s|agmu am |jc amlsu|~q- Ya|j |jca~

gmàmc |~klami keegsm| gmc ekm nsq kml uc`` ujk~cu am km amu|km| f~gb

kmq _E ya|j km am|c~mc| egmmce|agm- Esu|gbc~u ic| keecuu |g |jc

pgyc~fs` gmàmc |~klami |ggù |jk| ya`` jc`p |jcb |g |kdc egbp`c|c

egm|~g` gvc~ |jca~ amvcu|bcm| am ujk~cu-


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>


28/64

>:

EGB_C\A\GÛ GF ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU

K- HÎ

N- AMLAK AMFG@AMC

E- JCLIC

L- ^CAKMEC BGMCQ

C- ^C@AIK^C

F- SKC CZEJKMIC

I- AEAEA LA^CE\

A- DG\KD UCESÂ\ACU

H- UJK^CDJKM

D- VCM\S^K

@- AMLAKNS@@U


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>1

^CUCKÊJ LCUAIM GF \JC U\SLQ\jau ~cpg~| au nkucl gm p~abk~q ku yc`` ucegmlk~q lk|k, jgycvc~

p~abk~q lk|k eg``ce|agm yku iavcm bg~c abpg~|kmec uamec a| au

gvc~jck~ami fke|g~ am k||a|slc u|slacu- Gmc gf |jc bgu| abpg~|km| suc~u

gf ~cuck~ej bc|jglg`giq au |jk| a| jc`pu am alcm|afqami |jc p~gn`cb,

eg``ce|ami, kmk`qxami |jc ~c{sa~cl amfg~bk|agm lk|k kml p~gvalami km

k`|c~mk|avc ug`s|agm |g |jc p~gn`cb -A| kùg jc`pu am eg``ce|ami |jc va|k`

amfg~bk|agm |jk| au ~c{sa~cl nq |jc |gp bkmkicbcm| |g kuuau| |jcb fg~

|jc nc||c~ lceauagm bkdami ng|j lkq |g lkq lceauagm kml e~a|aek` gmcu-

\jc u|slq egmuau|u gf kmk`quau kngs| Amvcu|g~u _c~ecp|agm kngs| |jc

_g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu gffc~cl nq ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU

@aba|cl- Fg~ |jc ps~pguc gf |jc u|slq 3? esu|gbc~u yc~c paedcl sp k|

~kmlgb kml |jca~ vacyu ugàea|cl gm laffc~cm| pk~kbc|c~u-

\jc bc|jglg`giq klgp|cl ame`slcu8

[scu|agmmka~c

^kmlgb ukbp`c us~vcq gf esu|gbc~u

Lauesuuagmu ya|j |jc egmec~mclUGSÊCU GF LK\K

_~abk~q lk|k8 [scu|agmmka~c kml fac`l vaua|

Ucegmlk~q lk|k8 _snàujcl bk|c~akù gf ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU

@aba|cl- Usej ku pc~aglaekù, hgs~mkù, mcyu pkpc~u, kml ycnua|c

Ls~k|agm gf U|slq

\jc U|slq yku ek~~acl gs| fg~ |jc pc~agl gf gmc kml jk`f bgm|ju f~gb

5~l

Ksisu| |g ;3|j gf Ucp|cbnc~ >?;;-

UKB_@AMI _@KM

Ukbpàmi8

Uamec ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU @aba|cl jku bkmq ucibcm|u A uc`ce|cl

_g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu *_BU! ucibcm| ku pc~ bq p~gfa`c |g

lg bk~dc| ~cuck~ej- ;??# egvc~kic yku laffaes`| ya|jam |jc àba|cl


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32/64

5>

Mccl gf _BU

Ku am |jc es~~cm| uecmk~ag |jc cffce|avcmcuu gf _BU au ~c{sa~cl- Ku |jc

_BU iavcu amvcu|g~u pc~aglaek``q ~cvacy |jca~ kuuc| k``gek|agm ke~guu

laffc~cm| kuuc|u ku |jc pg~|fgàg ekm ic| udcycl gvc~ k pc~agl gf |abc-\jau ekm nc `k~ic`q lsc |g kpp~ceak|agm ' lcp~ceak|agm am |jc vk`sc gf

|jc amvcu|bcm|u-

Ku |jc famkmeak` igkù k~c lavc~uc, |jc amvcu|bcm| ejgaecu kùg mccl |g

nc laffc~cm| |g bcc| |jguc mcclu- Mg uami`c amvcu|bcm| au àdc`q |g

bcc| k`` |jc mcclu, ug gmc ujgs`l dccp ugbc bgmcq am nkmd lcpgua|u

kml ' à{sal fsmlu |g bcc| kmq s~icm| mccl fg~ ekuj kml dccp |jc

nk`kmec am g|jc~ amvcu|bcm| p~glse|u' uejcbcu |jk| ygs`l bkzabaxc|jc ~c|s~m kml bamabaxc |jc ~aud-

Amvcu|bcm| k``gek|agm ekm kùg ejkmic lcpcmlami gm gmcu ~aud"~c|s~m

p~gfa`c-

Gnhce|avc gf _BU

\jc~c au |jc fg``gyami gnhce|avc yjaej au fs`` fa``cl nq _g~|fgàg

Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu-

;- Ukfc|q gf Fsml8 "\jc amvcu|bcm| ujgs`l nc p~cuc~vcl, mg| nc `gu|, kml ujgs`l ~cbkam am

|jc ~c|s~mkn`c pgua|agm am ekuj g~ daml-

>- Bk~dc|knaà|q8 "

\jc amvcu|bcm| bklc am uces~a|acu ujgs`l nc bk~dc|kn`c |jk| bckmu,

|jc uces~a|acu bsu| nc àu|cl kml |~klcl am u|ged czejkmic ug ku |g

kvgal laffaes`|q am |jca~ cmekujbcm|-

5-@a{sala|q8 "\jc pg~|fgàg bsu| egmuau| gf usej uces~a|acu, yjaej egs`l nc cm"

ekujcl ya|jgs| kmq laffaes`|q g~ amvg`vcbcm| gf |abc |g bcc| s~icm|

mccl fg~ fsmlu- Bk~dc|knaà|q cmus~cu à{sala|q |g |jc pg~|fgàg-


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3- Kpp~ceak|agm am Ekpa|k`8 "

\jc bgmcq amvcu|cl am pg~|fgàg ujgs`l i~gy kml ~cus`| am|g ekpa|k`

ikamu-

6- \kz p`kmmami8 "Cffaeacm| pg~|fgàg bkmkicbcm| au egmec~mcl ya|j egbpgua|c |kz

p`kmmami egvc~ami amegbc |kz, ekpa|k` ikam |kz, yck`|j |kz kml iaf|

|kz-

9- Bamabaxc ~aud8 "

âud kvgalkmec kml bamabaxk|agm gf ~aud k~c abpg~|km| gnhce|avc gf

pg~|fgàg bkmkicbcm|- _g~|fgàg bkmkic~u kejacvc |jcuc gnhce|avcu nq

cffce|avc amvcu|bcm| p`kmmami kml pc~aglaek` ~cvacy gf bk~dc|,ua|sk|agm kml cegmgbae cmva~gmbcm| kffce|ami |jc famkmeak` bk~dc|-

_G^\FG@AG EGMU\^SE\AGM

\jc _g~|fgàg Egmu|~se|agm gf ^k|agmk` amvcu|g~u yauj |g bkzabaxc |jc

~c|s~mu gm |jca~ fsmlu fg~ k iavcm `cvc` gf ~aud- K`` amvcu|bcm|u

pguucuu vk~qami lci~ccu gf ~aud- ^c|s~mu egbc am |jc fg~b gf amegbc,

usej ku am|c~cu| g~ lavalcmlu, g~ |j~gsij i~gy|j am ekpa|k` vk`scu *a-c-

ekpa|k` ikamu!-\jc pg~|fgàg egmu|~se|agm p~gecuu ekm nc n~gkl`q ejk~ke|c~axcl ku

egbp~auami |jc fg``gyami U|cpu8

;- Uc||ami gnhce|avcu-

\jc fa~u| u|cp am nsa`lami k pg~|fgàg au |g lc|c~bamc |jc bkam

gnhce|avcu gf |jc fsml iavcm |jc egmu|~kam|u *a-c- |kz kml à{sala|q

~c{sa~cbcm|u! |jk| bkq kpp`q- Ckej amvcu|g~ jku laffc~cm| gnhce|avcu,

|abc jg~axgmu kml k||a|slc |gyk~lu ~aud- _cmuagm fsmlu jkvc `gmi"|c~bgnàik|agmu kml, ku k ~cus`|, amvcu| fg~ |jc `gmi |c~b- \jca~ gnhce|avc

bkq nc |g bkzabaxc |g|k` ~c|s~mu am czecuu gf |jc amf`k|agm ~k|c- K

ejk~a|q baij| yauj |g icmc~k|c |jc jaijcu| `cvc` gf amegbc yja`c

bkam|kamami |jc vk`sc gf a|u ekpa|k` ~cecavcl f~gb nc{scu|u- Km

amlavalsk` bkq jkvc ec~|kam àknaà|acu kml yauj |g bk|ej |jcb k| k

fs|s~c lk|c- Kuucuuami k eàcm|u ~aud |g`c~kmec ekm nc laffaes`|- \jc

egmecp|u gf cffaeacm| pg~|fgàgu kml lavc~uafaek|agm bsu| kùg ncegmualc~cl yjcm uc||ami sp |jc amvcu|bcm| gnhce|avcu-


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5- Lcfamami pgàeq-

Gmec |jc gnhce|avcu jkvc nccm uc|, k usa|kn`c amvcu|bcm| pgàeq bsu|

nc cu|knàujcl- \jc u|kmlk~l p~gecls~c au fg~ |jc bgmcq bkmkic~ |g

kud eàcm|u |g uc`ce| |jca~ p~cfc~~cl baz gf kuuc|u, fg~ czkbp`c c{sa|acukml ngmlu, |g p~gvalc km alck gf |jc mg~bk` baz lcua~cl- Eàcm|u k~c

|jcm kudcl |g upceafq àba|u g~ bkzabsb kml bamabsb kbgsm|u |jcq

ya`` k``gy |g nc amvcu|cl am |jc laffc~cm| kuuc|u kvka`kn`c- \jc bkam

kuuc| e`kuucu k~c ekuj, c{sa|acu, ia`|u'ngmlu kml g|jc~ lcn| amu|~sbcm|u,

lc~avk|avcu, p~gpc~|q kml gvc~ucku kuuc|u- K`|c~mk|avc amvcu|bcm|u,

usej ku p~avk|c c{sa|q, k~c kùg i~gyami am pgps`k~a|q, kml ya`` nc

lauesuucl am k `k|c~ ejkp|c~- K||kamami |jc gp|abk` kuuc| baz gvc~ |abcau gmc gf |jc dcq fke|g~u gf useecuufs` amvcu|ami-

5- Kpp`qami pg~|fgàg u|~k|ciq-

K| ca|jc~ cml gf |jc pg~|fgàg bkmkicbcm| upce|~sb gf u|~k|ciacu k~c

ke|avc kml pkuuavc u|~k|ciacu- Km ke|avc u|~k|ciq amvg`vcu p~clae|ami

|~cmlu kml ejkmiami czpce|k|agmu kngs| |jc àdc`q fs|s~c pc~fg~bkmec

gf |jc vk~agsu kuuc| e`kuucu kml ke|avc`q lckàmi am kml gs| gf

amvcu|bcm|u |g uccd k nc||c~ pc~fg~bkmec- Fg~ czkbp`c, af |jc bkmkic~czpce|u am|c~cu| ~k|cu |g ~auc, ngml p~aecu k~c àdc`q |g fk`` kml ug

ngmlu ujgs`l nc ug`l, sm`cuu |jau czpce|k|agm au k`~cklq fke|g~cl am|g

ngml p~aecu- K| |jau u|kic, |jc ke|avc fsml bkmkic~ ujgs`l kùg

lc|c~bamc |jc u|q`c gf |jc pg~|fgàg- Fg~ czkbp`c, ya`` |jc fsml amvcu|

p~abk~a`q am egbpkmacu ya|j `k~ic bk~dc| ekpa|kàxk|agmu, am ujk~cu gf

egbpkmacu czpce|cl |g icmc~k|c jaij i~gy|j ~k|cu, g~ am egbpkmacu

yjguc vk`sk|agmu k~c `gy7 K pkuuavc u|~k|ciq susk``q amvg`vcu nsqamiuces~a|acu |g bk|ej k p~cuc`ce|cl bk~dc| amlcz- K`|c~mk|avc`q, k

pg~|fgàg ekm nc uc| sp |g bk|ej |jc amvcu|g~u ejgaec gf |ka`g~"bklc

amlcz- _kuuavc u|~k|ciacu ~c`q gm lavc~uafaek|agm |g ~clsec ~aud-

Gs|pc~fg~bkmec vc~usu |jc ejgucm amlcz au mg| czpce|cl- \jau

u|~k|ciq ~c{sa~cu bamabsb amps| f~gb |jc pg~|fgàg bkmkic~- Am

p~ke|aec, bkmq ke|avc fsmlu k~c bkmkicl ugbcyjc~c nc|yccm |jc

ke|avc kml pkuuavc cz|~cbcu, |jc eg~c jg`lamiu gf |jc fsml ncamipkuuavc`q bkmkicl kml |jc nk`kmec ncami ke|avc`q bkmkicl-


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Ekuj kml ekuj amu|~sbcm|u

Ekuj ekm nc amvcu|cl gvc~ kmq lcua~cl pc~agl, |g icmc~k|c am|c~cu|

amegbc, am k ~kmic gf jaij`q à{sal g~ ckua`q ~clccbkn`c amu|~sbcm|u,

f~gb uabp`c nkmd lcpgua|u, mcig|akn`c ec~|afaek|cu gf lcpgua|u,egbbc~eak` pkpc~ *ujg~| |c~b eg~pg~k|c lcn|! kml \~ckus~q na`ù

*ujg~| |c~b igvc~mbcm| lcn|! |g bgmcq bk~dc| fsmlu, yjaej ke|avc`q

bkmkic ekuj ~cugs~ecu ke~guu k ~kmic gf lgbcu|ae kml fg~caim

bk~dc|u- Ekuj au mg~bk``q jc`l gvc~ |jc ujg~| |c~b pcmlami suc

cùcyjc~c *pc~jkpu fg~ pkqami e`kabu nq k mgm"àfc amus~kmec

egbpkmq g~ fg~ pkqami pcmuagmu!, ns| bkq nc jc`l gvc~ |jc `gmic~

|c~b ku yc``- ^c|s~mu gm ekuj k~c l~avcm nq |jc icmc~k` lcbkml fg~fsmlu am km cegmgbq, am|c~cu| ~k|cu, kml |jc czpce|cl ~k|c gf amf`k|agm-

K pg~|fgàg ya`` mg~bk``q bkam|kam k| `cku| k ubk`` p~gpg~|agm gf a|u

fsmlu am ekuj am g~lc~ |g |kdc klvkm|kic gf nsqami gppg~|sma|acu-

Ngmlu

Ngmlu k~c lcn| amu|~sbcm|u gm yjaej |jc auusc~ *|jc ng~~gyc~! ki~ccu

|g bkdc am|c~cu| pkqbcm|u k| pc~aglae am|c~vkù gvc~ |jc àfc gf |jc

ngml|jau ekm nc fg~ |yg |g |ja~|q qck~u g~, ugbc|abcu, am pc~pc|sa|q-Am|c~cu| pkqbcm|u ekm nc fazcl g~ vk~akn`c, |jc `k||c~ ncami àmdcl |g

p~cvkaàmi `cvcù gf am|c~cu| ~k|cu- Ngml bk~dc|u k~c am|c~mk|agmk` kml

jkvc i~gym ~kpal`q gvc~ ~cecm| qck~u- \jc ngml bk~dc|u k~c jaij`q

à{sal, ya|j bkmq auusc~u gf uaba`k~ u|kmlami, ame`slami igvc~mbcm|u

*ugvc~caimu! kml u|k|c"isk~km|ccl g~ikmaxk|agmu- Eg~pg~k|c ngmlu k~c

ngmlu |jk| k~c auuscl nq egbpkmacu- \g kuuau| amvcu|g~u kml |g jc`p am

|jc cffaeacm| p~aeami gf ngml auuscu, bkmq ngml auuscu k~c iavcm~k|amiu nq upceakàu| kicmeacu usej ku U|kmlk~l & _gg~u kml

Bgglqu- Lcpcmlami gm czpce|cl bgvcbcm|u am fs|s~c am|c~cu| ~k|cu,

|jc ekpa|k` vk`scu gf ngmlu f`se|sk|c lka`q, p~gvalami amvcu|g~u ya|j

|jc pg|cm|ak` fg~ ekpa|k` ikamu g~ `guucu-

Fs|s~c am|c~cu| ~k|cu k~c l~avcm nq |jc àdc`q lcbkml' uspp`q gf bgmcq

am km cegmgbq, fs|s~c amf`k|agm ~k|cu, pgà|aek` cvcm|u kml am|c~cu| ~k|cu

cùcyjc~c am yg~`l bk~dc|u- Amvcu|g~u ya|j ujg~|"|c~b jg~axgmu kmlà{sala|q ~c{sa~cbcm|u bkq ejgguc |g amvcu| am ngmlu nceksuc gf |jca~


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~c`k|avc`q jaijc~ ~c|s~m |jkm ekuj kml |jca~ p~gupce|u fg~ pguuan`c

ekpa|k` kpp~ceak|agm- @gmi |c~b amvcu|g~u, usej ku pcmuagm fsmlu, bkq

ke{sa~c ngmlu fg~ |jc jaijc~ amegbc kml bkq jg`l |jcb sm|a`

~clcbp|agm fg~ pc~jkpu ucvcm g~ faf|ccm qck~u- Nceksuc gf |jci~ck|c~ ~aud, `gmi ngmlu *gvc~ |cm qck~u |g bk|s~a|q! |cml |g nc bg~c

vg`k|a`c am p~aec |jkm bclasb" kml ujg~|"|c~b ngmlu, kml jkvc k

jaijc~ qac`l-

C{sa|acu

C{sa|q egmuau|u gf ujk~cu am k egbpkmq ~cp~cucm|ami |jc ekpa|k`

g~aiamk``q p~gvalcl nq ujk~cjg`lc~u- Km g~lamk~q ujk~cjg`lc~ gymu k

p~gpg~|agmk` ujk~c gf |jc egbpkmq kml km g~lamk~q ujk~c ek~~acu |jc~cualsk` ~aud kml ~cyk~lu kf|c~ k`` àknaà|acu kml egu|u jkvc nccm pkal-

G~lamk~q ujk~cu ek~~q |jc ~aij| |g ~cecavc amegbc am |jc fg~b gf

lavalcmlu *gmec lce`k~cl gs| gf lau|~ans|kn`c p~gfa|u! kml kmq ~cualsk`

e`kab gm |jc egbpkmqu kuuc|u gmec a|u àknaà|acu jkvc nccm pkal am

fs``- _~cfc~cmec ujk~cu k~c kmg|jc~ |qpc gf ujk~c ekpa|k`- \jcq laffc~

f~gb g~lamk~q ujk~cu am |jk| |jc lavalcml gm k p~cfc~cmec ujk~c au

susk``q fazcl k| ugbc kbgsm| kml lgcu mg| ejkmic- Kùg, p~cfc~cmecujk~cu susk``q lg mg| ek~~q vg|ami ~aij|u kml, am |jc cvcm| gf fa~b

fka`s~c, p~cfc~cmec ujk~cjg`lc~u k~c pkal ncfg~c g~lamk~q ujk~cjg`lc~u-

^c|s~mu f~gb amvcu|ami am c{sa|acu k~c icmc~k|cl am |jc fg~b gf

lavalcml amegbc kml ekpa|k` ikam k~auami f~gb |jc s`|abk|c uk`c gf |jc

ujk~cu- \jc `cvc` gf lavalcmlu bkq vk~q f~gb qck~ |g qck~, ~cf`ce|ami

|jc ejkmiami p~gfa|knaà|q gf k egbpkmq- Uaba`k~`q, |jc bk~dc| p~aec gf

k ujk~c ya`` ejkmic f~gb lkq |g lkq |g ~cf`ce| k`` ~c`cvkm| kvka`kn`camfg~bk|agm- K`|jgsij mg| isk~km|ccl, c{sa|q p~aecu icmc~k``q ~auc

gvc~ |abc, ~cf`ce|ami icmc~k` cegmgbae i~gy|j, kml jkvc nccm fgsml

gvc~ |jc `gmi |c~b |g icmc~k|c i~gyami `cvcù gf amegbc am czecuu gf

|jc ~k|c gf amf`k|agm- I~km|cl, |jc~c bkq nc pc~aglu gf |abc, cvcm

qck~u, yjcm c{sa|q p~aecu |~cml lgymyk~lu susk``q ls~ami

~cecuuagmk~q |abcu- \jc gvc~k`` `gmi"|c~b p~gupce|, jgycvc~, fg~

ekpa|k` kpp~ceak|agm bkdcu c{sa|acu km k||~ke|avc amvcu|bcm|p~gpgua|agm fg~ bkhg~ amu|a|s|agmk` amvcu|g~u-


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5:

Lc~avk|avcu

Lc~avk|avc amu|~sbcm|u k~c famkmeak` kuuc|u |jk| k~c lc~avcl f~gb

czau|ami p~abk~q kuuc|u ku gppgucl |g ncami auuscl nq k egbpkmq g~

igvc~mbcm| cm|a|q- \jc |yg bgu| pgps`k~ lc~avk|avcu k~c fs|s~cu kmlgp|agmu- \jc cz|cm| |g yjaej k fsml bkq ameg~pg~k|c lc~avk|avcu

p~glse|u am |jc fsml ya`` nc upceafacl am |jc fsml ~s`cu kml, lcpcmlami

gm |jc |qpc gf fsml cu|knàujcl fg~ |jc eàcm| kml lcpcmlami gm |jc

eàcm|, bkq mg| nc k``gykn`c k| k``-

K fs|s~cu egm|~ke| au km ki~ccbcm| am |jc fg~b gf k u|kmlk~laxcl

egm|~ke| nc|yccm |yg egsm|c~pk~|acu |g czejkmic km kuuc| k| k fazcl

p~aec kml lk|c am |jc fs|s~c- \jc smlc~`qami kuuc| gf |jc fs|s~cuegm|~ke| ekm nc k egbbgla|q g~ k famkmeak` uces~a|q- Ckej egm|~ke|

upceafacu |jc |qpc kml kbgsm| gf |jc kuuc| |g nc czejkmicl, kml yjc~c

a| au |g nc lcàvc~cl *susk``q gmc gf k fcy kpp~gvcl `gek|agmu fg~ |jk|

pk~|aes`k~ kuuc|!- Fs|s~cu egm|~ke|u ekm nc uc| sp fg~ |jc lcàvc~q gf

egegk, u|cc`, ga` g~ egffcc- @adcyauc, famkmeak` fs|s~cu egm|~ke|u ekm

upceafq |jc lcàvc~q gf fg~caim es~~cmeq g~ k ~kmic gf igvc~mbcm|

ngmlu- \jc nsqc~ gf k fs|s~cu egm|~ke| |kdcu k `gmi pgua|agm, kml ya``bkdc k p~gfa| af |jc vk`sc gf |jc egm|~ke| ~aucu kf|c~ |jc ps~ejkuc- \jc

uc``c~ gf|jc fs|s~cu egm|~ke| |kdcu k ujg~| pgua|agm kml ya``, am |s~m,

bkdc k p~gfa| af |jc p~aec gf |jc fs|s~cu egm|~ke| fk`ù- Yjcm |jc

fs|s~cu egm|~ke| czpa~cu, |jc uc``c~ gf |jc egm|~ke| au ~c{sa~cl |g lcàvc~

|jc smlc~`qami kuuc| |g |jc nsqc~ gf |jc egm|~ke|- ^cik~lami famkmeak`

fs|s~cu egm|~ke|u, jgycvc~, am |jc vku| bkhg~a|q gf ekucu mg pjquaek`

lcàvc~q gf |jc smlc~`qami kuuc| |kdcu p`kec ku bkmq egm|~ke|u k~c ekujuc||`cl g~ e`gucl gs| ya|j |jc gffuc||ami pgua|agm ncfg~c |jc czpa~q

lk|c-

Km gp|agm egm|~ke| au km ki~ccbcm| |jk| iavcu |jc gymc~ |jc ~aij|,

ns| mg| gnàik|agm, |g nsq g~ uc`` *lcpcmlami gm |jc |qpc gf gp|agm! k

ec~|kam kuuc| fg~ k upceafacl pc~agl gf |abc- K ek`` gp|agm iavcu |jc

jg`lc~ |jc ~aij| |g nsq |jc kuuc|- K ps| gp|agm iavcu |jc jg`lc~ |jc

~aij| |g uc`` |jc kuuc|- Cs~gpckm gp|agmu ekm nc czc~eaucl gm`q gm |jcgp|agmu czpa~q lk|c- SU gp|agmu ekm nc czc~eaucl k| kmq |abc ncfg~c


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|jc egm|~ke|u bk|s~a|q lk|c- Gp|agm egm|~ke|u gm u|gedu g~ u|ged

amlaecu k~c pk~|aes`k~`q pgps`k~- Nsqami km gp|agm amvg`vcu pkqami k

p~cbasb4 uc`àmi km gp|agm amvg`vcu ~cecavami |jc p~cbasb- Gp|agmu

jkvc |jc pg|cm|ak` fg~ `k~ic ikamu g~ `guucu, kml k~c egmualc~cl |g ncjaij"~aud amu|~sbcm|u- Ugbc|abcu, jgycvc~, gp|agm egm|~ke|u k~c sucl

|g ~clsec ~aud- Fg~ czkbp`c, fsml bkmkic~u ekm suc k ek`` gp|agm |g

~clsec ~aud yjcm |jcq gym km kuuc|- Gm`q vc~q upceafae fsmlu k~c

k``gycl |g jg`l gp|agmu-

_~gpc~|q

_~gpc~|q amvcu|bcm| ekm nc bklc ca|jc~ la~ce|`q nq nsqami p~gpc~|acu,

g~ amla~ce|`q nq nsqami ujk~cu am àu|cl p~gpc~|q egbpkmacu- Gm`qbkhg~ amu|a|s|agmk` amvcu|g~u ya|j `gmi"|c~b |abc jg~axgmu kml mg

à{sala|q p~cuus~cu |cml |g bkdc la~ce| p~gpc~|q amvcu|bcm|u- \jcuc

amu|a|s|agmu ps~ejkuc f~ccjg`l kml `ckucjg`l p~gpc~|acu ku pk~| gf k

p~gpc~|q pg~|fgàg jc`l fg~ |jc `gmi |c~b, pc~jkpu |ycm|q g~ bg~c

qck~u- _~gpc~|q uce|g~u gf am|c~cu| ygs`l ame`slc p~abc, {skà|q, yc``"

`gek|cl egbbc~eak` gffaec kml ujgp p~gpc~|acu, bglc~m amlsu|~ak`

yk~cjgsucu kml cu|k|cu, jg|cù, fk~b`kml kml yggl`kml- ^c|s~mu k~cicmc~k|cl f~gb kmmsk` ~cm|u kml kmq ekpa|k` ikamu gm ~ckàxk|agm-

\jcuc amvcu|bcm|u k~c gf|cm jaij`q a`à{sal-

âud

_g~|fgàg |jcg~q kùg kuusbcu |jk| amvcu|g~u k~c nkuaek``q ~aud klvc~uc,

bckmami |jk|, iavcm k ejgaec nc|yccm |yg kuuc|u ya|j c{sk` ~k|cu gf

~c|s~m |jcq ya`` uc`ce| |jc kuuc| ya|j `gyc~ `cvc` gf ~aud-Fg~ czkbp`c, |jcq ps~ejkucl vk~agsu |qpc gf amus~kmec ame`slami àfc

amus~kmec, Jck`|j amus~kmec kml ek~ amus~kmec- \jc Egbnamk|agm gf

~aud p~cfc~cmec kml ~aud kvc~uagm ekm nc czp`kamcl nq km k||a|slc

|gyk~l ~aud |jk| lcpcmlu gm |jc kbgsm| gf bgmcq amvg`vcl-

K lauesuuagm gf pg~|fgàg g~ fsml bkmkicbcm| bsu| ame`slc ugbc

|jgsij| iavcm |g |jc egmecp| gf ~aud- Kmq pg~|fgàg |jk| au ncami

lcvc`gpcl ya`` jkvc ec~|kam ~aud egmu|~kam|u upceafacl am |jc fsml~s`cu, vc~q gf|cm |g ek|c~ |g k pk~|aes`k~ ucibcm| gf amvcu|g~ yjg


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Famkmeak` ~aud cbkmk|cu f~gb |jc ejkmicu am |jc ekpa|k` u|~se|s~c gf

|jc egbpkmq- A| au kùg dmgym ku `cvc~kicl ~aud kml czp~cuucl am |c~bgf lcn| c{sa|q ~k|ag- Czecuu gf lcn|u kikamu| c{sa|q am |jc ekpa|k`

u|~se|s~c amlaek|cu |jc egbpkmq |g nc jaij`q ick~cl g~ jaij`q `cvc~cl-

K`|jgsij `cvc~kicl egbpkmqu ck~mamiu pc~ ujk~c *C_U! k~c bg~c ns|

lcpcmlcmec gm ng~~gyami czpgucu a| |g |jc ~aud gf yamlami sp- Fg~, a|u

amknaà|q |g |jc jgmgs~ a|u egbba|bcm|u |gyk~lu |jc e~cla|g~u k~c bgu|

abpg~|km|-

Jc~c a| au abpc~k|avc |g czp~cuu |jc ~c`k|agmujap nc|yccm ~aud kml~c|s~m, yjaej au lcpae|cl i~kpjaek``q nc`gy

Bkzabaxc ~c|s~mu, bamabaxc ~audu

ÂUD VCÛSU ^C\S^M

âud vc~usu ~c|s~m au |jc ~ckugm yjq amvcu|g~u amvcu| am pg~|fgàgu-

\jc alck` igk` am pg~|fgàg bkmkicbcm| au |g e~ck|c km gp|abk`

pg~|fgàg lc~avcl f~gb |jc ncu| ~aud~c|s~m gppg~|sma|acu kvka`kn`ciavcm k pk~|aes`k~ uc| gf ~aud egmu|~kam|u- \g nc kn`c |g bkdc lceauagmu,

a| bsu| nc pguuan`c |g {skm|afq |jc lci~cc gf ~aud am k pk~|aes`k~

gppg~|sma|q- \jc bgu| egbbgm bc|jgl au |g suc |jc u|kmlk~l

lcvak|agm gf |jc czpce|cl ~c|s~mu- \jau bc|jgl bckus~cu up~cklu, kml

a| au |jc pguuan`c ~c|s~mu gf |jcuc up~cklu |jk| p~gvalc |jc bckus~c gf

~aud- \jc p~cucmec gf ~aud bckmu |jk| bg~c |jkm gmc gs|egbc au

pguuan`c- Km amvcu|bcm| au czpce|cl |g p~glsec laffc~cm| ~c|s~mulcpcmlami gm |jc uc| gf ea~esbu|kmecu |jk| p~cvka`-


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3#

Ujg~| |c~b

3#I~gy|j _g~|fg`ag


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??:"?1-

^cupgmlami |g |jc {scu|agm gm ~ckugm fg~ ejgguami Icgha| NM_

_k~anku ku |jca~ amvcu|bcm| egbpkmq 3


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3?

LK\K KMK@QUAU KML AM\C^_^C\K\AGM

;- Lg qgs dmgy kngs| |jc Amvcu|bcm| Gp|agm kvka`kn`c7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Ku |jc kngvc i~kpj ujgyu |jc dmgy`clic gf Amvcu|g~ gs| gf 3?

~cupgmlcm|u ek~~acl |j~gsijgs| |jc Njsnkmcuyk~ K~ck au gm`q :3#-

\jc ~cbkamami ;3# |kdc jau'jc~ ~cualcm|ak` p~gpc~|q ku km amvcu|bcm|-

Keeg~lami |g `ky ps~pguc |jau au mg| km amvcu|bcm| nceksuc gf a| au mg|

e~ck|c kmq p~gfa| fg~ |jc gymc~- \jc bkam p~gn`cb au |jk| am |jau |abc

f~gb qck~ >?;?">?;; , |jc ~cecuuagm kml |jc Amf`k|agm bkdc |jcamvcu|g~ |jamd ncfg~c amvcu|ami k cvcm k û- ;??-Ug , a| kùg e~ck|c |jc

p~gn`cb fg~ |jc Amvcu|g~ |g mg| |kdc am|c~cu| am Amvcu|bcm| gp|agm-

>- Yjk| au |jc nkuae ps~pguc gf qgs~ Amvcu|bcm|u7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

QCU

:3#

Mg

;3#

@a{sala|q

;1#

^c|s~m

55#

\kz ncmcfa|u

;9#

Ekpa|k`

kpp~ceak|agm

;1#

âud

~clse|agm

;>#

G|jc~u

?#


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3;

Ku ya|j |jc kngvc kmk`quau, a| au fgsml 61# pcgp`c k~c am|c~cu|cl am

à{sala|q, ~c|s~mu kml |kz ncmcfa|u- Kml ~cbkamami 5;# k~c am|c~cu|cl

am ekpa|k` kpp~ceak|agmu, ~aud egvc~ami, kml g|jc~u- Am |jc cm|a~c

~cupgmlcm| a| au egbbgm |jk| |jau |abc cvc~qgmc au `ggdami fg~bamabaxami |jc ~aud kml bkzabaxami |jca~ p~gfa| ya|j |jc ujg~| |abc gf

pc~agl- Ku czp`kamami |jcb Kngs| |jc _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu

gf ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU, |jcq yc~c {sa|c am|c~cu|cl am _~g|cej

Uc~vaecu-

5- Yjk| au |jc bgu| abpg~|km| fke|g~ qgs egmualc~ k| |jc |abc gf

Amvcu|bcm|7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Ku |jc kngvc kmk`quau iavcu |jc e`ck~ alck |jk| bgu| gf |jc Amvcu|g~u

egmualc~cl |jc bk~dc| fke|g~ ku k~gsml ;># fg~ âud kml >5# ^c|s~m,

ns| bgu| abpg~|km| egbbgm |jamiu am k`` k~c |jk| |jcq k~c cvcm ~cklq

fg~ |kdami ng|j âud kml ^c|s~m am k~gsml 63# amvcu|g~-

Bg~cgvc~, |jc Bk~dc| au f`se|sk|ami mgy lkqu, ug ku a| kùg ic||ami

abp~gvcbcm|- Ug, Amvcu|g~ k~c `ggdami fg~ Amvcu|bcm| am `gmi |c~b

kml Ujg~|"|c~b-

#

^c|s~m

>5#Ng|j

63#

Bs|sk` fsml

>5#

Ujk~cu

;3#

Egbbgla|acu?#

Ngmlu>#

Fazcl lcpgua|u5>#

_~gpc~|q

>9#

Ig`l

;#


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Bgu| gf |jc ~cupgmlcm|u ukq |jcq ya`` ic| bg~c ~c|s~mu am fazcl

lcpgua|u- Uamec Ujk~c Bk~dc| au ukal |g nc |jc ncu| p`kec |g amvcu| |g

ic| bg~c ~c|s~mu- \jc ~aud am |jc amvcu|bcm| au kùg jaij-

Uaba`k~`q, |jc Amvcu|g~ k~c bg~c Am|c~cu|cl am Amvcu|ami |jca~ bgmcq amBs|sk` Fsml Uejcbcu ku |jk| au kùg vc~q abpg~|km| famkmeak` p~glse|

lsc |g a|u mk|s~c gf bamabaxami ~aud kml bkzabaxami |jc p~gfa|- Ku |jc

egbbgla|acu bk~dc| au lgami yc`` f~gb `ku| fcy bgm|ju ug Amvcu|g~

kùg p~cfc~ |g amvcu| |jca~ bgmcq am Egbbgla|acu Bk~dc| nkuaek``q am

IG@L mgyklkqu- Bg~cgvc~, cvcm yjg lgm| ykm| |g |kdc âud |jcq

k~c `ggdami fg~ amvcu|ami am Fazcl Lcpgua| kml p~gpc~|q fg~ `gmi

pc~agl gf |abc-3- Amvcu|ami am _BU au fk~ ukfc~ |jkm Amvcu|ami am Bs|sk` Fsml-Lg qgs ki~cc7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Am |jc kngvc i~kpju a|u e`ck~ |jk| 53# gf ~cupgmlcm| gs| gf faf|q fcc`

|jk| amvcu|ami |jca~ bgmcq am Bs|sk` Fsml Uejcbc k~c fk~ ukfc~ |jkm

Amvcu|ami am _BU- \jau au nceksuc gf `ked gf p~gpc~ amfg~bk|agm kngs|

|jc _g~|fgàg bkmkicbcm| uc~vaecu- Ku |jc nkuau au ukbc fg~ |jc

bs|sk` fsml kml _BU ns| |jc amvcu|bcm| pk||c~m au |g|k``q laffc~cm|

f~gb ckej g|jc~ kml yjaej lcpcmlu spgm laffc~cm| ~aud fke|g~

kvka`kn`c am ng|j |jc Famkmeak` _~glse|u-

u|~gmi`q ki~cc

33#

ki~cc

53#

u|~gmi`q lauki~cc

;?#lauki~cc

?#


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6- Jgy bsej qgs ek~~q |jc czpce|k|agm am âuc gf qgs~ Amegbc

f~gb Amvcu|bcm|u7Am|c~p~c|k|agm

\jc gp|abaub au ujgym am |jc k||a|slc gf |jc ~cupgmlcm|u- \jc

egmfalcmec yku kpp~ceakn`c ya|j yjaej |jcq k~c `ggdami fg~yk~l |g k

~auc am |jca~ amvcu|bcm|u- Bkhg~ pk~| gf |jc ukbp`c fccù |jk| |jc ~auc

ygs`l nc gf k~gsml ;3">3#- Gm`q ;?# gf |jc ~cupgmlcm|u yc~c

egmfalcm| cmgsij |g czpce| k ~auc gf sp |g 53#- Ku k`` |jc ~cupgmlcm|u

yc~c egmualc~ami |jc âud fke|g~ kùg ncfg~c fa`àmi |jc {scu|agmmka~c

kml |jcq yc~c kudami kngs| |jc pc~fg~bkmec ~cpg~| gf k`` |jc _BU

uc~vaecu gffc~cl nq ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU àba|cl-

9- Af qgs amvcu|cl am Ujk~c Bk~dc|, yjk| jku nccm qgs~

czpc~acmec7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Sp |g ;3#

>3#

;3">3#

6?#

>3"53#

;?#

Bg~c |jkm

53#

3#

uk|aufke|g~q~c|s~m

>?#

smuk|aufke|g~q

~c|s~m


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1- Jgy lg qgs bkmkic qgs~ _g~|fgàg7

Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Kngs| >5# gf |jc ~cupgmlcm|u ukq |jcq |jcbuc`vcu bkmkic |jca~

pg~|fgàg kml 99# gf |jc ~cupgmlcm|u ukq |jcq lcpcml gm |jc uces~a|qegbpkmq fg~ pg~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm|- Bg~cgvc~, |k`dami kngs| |jc

ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU _BU uc~vaecu |jcq k~c fk~ uk|aufacl ya|j |jc

_~g|cej kml _~gp ~abc _c~fg~bkmec ls~ami `ku| qck~- \jcq k~c

uk|aufacl ya|j |jc {saed kml ke|avc uc~vaecu gf ICGHA\ NM_

_KÂNKU esu|gbc~ uc~vaecu yjc~c, |jcq ic| |jc splk|cl dmgy`clic

kngs| |jc ue~ap lc|ka` cvc~qlkq f~gb |jca~ Fsml Bkmkic~-

;?- Af qgs |~klc ya|j ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU àba|cl |jcm yjq7Am|c~p~c|k|agm

Ku |jc kngvc ~cuck~ej ujgyu |jc ~ckugmu kml |jc pk~kbc|c~u gm yjaej

amvcu|g~ àc gm ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU kml |jcq lg |jc |~klc-

Kbgmi faf|q ~cupgmlcm|u >># ~cupgmlcm|u lg |jc |~klc ya|j |jc

egbpkmq lsc |g a|u ~cuck~ej ^cpg~|, 53# nkucl gm N~gdc~kic ^k|c

yjc~cku 5? # k~c jkppq ya|j a|u Uc~vaecu-

uc`f>5#

n~gdc~

99#

^cuck~ej

>>#

N~gdc~kic

53#

Uc~vaecu

5?#

Amvcu|bcm|u

\apu

;5#


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3:

;# u|~gmi`q lauki~cc ku |jca~

amvcu|bcm| mg| bcc|ami |jca~ czpce|k|agmu kml igk`u- A| au {sa|c

pguuan`c lsc `ked gf dmgy`clic am amvcu|bcm| gp|agm, fks`|q ejgucm gf

u|ged kml lsc |g nakumcuu-

u|~gmi`q ki~cc

6?#

ki~cc

5?#

u|~gmi`q

lauki~cc

>#

lauki~cc

:#


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GNUC^VK\AGM KML FAMLAMIU

Amvcu|g~u p~cfc~ |g amvcu| lavc~uafacl pg~|fgàg- \jcq p~cfc~ |g bkdc

|jc pg~|fgàg am usej k pk||c~m |jk| |jc pg~|fgàg ame`slcu vk~agsu damlu

gf uces~a|acu àdc, `gmi |c~b & ujg~| |c~b amvcu|bcm|, c{sa|q, lcn|, mgm

uces~a|q fg~bu àdc amus~kmec c|e-

Bkmq amvcu|g~u k~c mg| fs``q kyk~c kngs| vk~agsu fke|g~u gf

amvcu|bcm| pg~|fgàg |jcq bckus~c |jc pg~|fgàg nq gm`q |yg fke|g~u

~aud kml ~c|s~m- ^c`k|agmujap gf knaà|q |g nck~ ~aud kml czpce|k|agm gf

~c|s~m ng|j k~c fgsml ku egbp`cbcm|k~q kml ugbc|abcu ku

egm|~klae|g~q am ekuc gf amvcu|g~u |jamdami pk||c~m

\jcq czpce| jaij ~c|s~m ns| mg| ~cklq |g |kdc ~aud-

\jc~c k~c vk~agsu ncjkvags~k` kupce|u |jk| kffce| |jc amvcu|bcm|

lceauagm kml p~cfc~cmec gf km amvcu|g~u àdc,

Kic

Uaxc gf fkba`q

Amegbc

Geespk|agm

Fs|s~c famkmeak` igkù'mccl

aud Kppc|a|c

Bgu| gf |jc amvcu|g~u p~cfc~ pg~|fgàg bkmkic~u g~ n~gdami fa~bu |g

lcuaim pg~|fgàg fg~ |jcb- \jau au nceksuc gf |jc aimg~kmec gf ekpa|k`

bk~dc|-

A| jku nccm fgsml |jk| bkhg~a|q gf amvcu|g~u yjg ykm|u pg~|fgàg

bkmkic~u |g lcuaim pg~|fgàg fg~ |jcb k~c bk`c kml am |jc kic i~gsp

gf 5;"


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EGME@SUAGM

Gm |jc nkuau gf |jc u|slq a| au fgsml |jk| ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU @|l-

au nc||c~ uc~vaecu p~gvalc~ |jkm |jc g|jc~ u|gedn~gdc~u nceksuc gf |jca~

|abc`q ~cuck~ej kml pc~ugmkàxcl klvaec gm yjk| u|gedu |g nsq kml

uc``- A| kùg p~gvalcu |jc amfg~bk|agm |j~gsij |jc am|c~mc| kml bgna`c

k`c~|u |jk| yjk| A_Gu k~c egbami am |jc bk~dc| kml a| kùg p~gvalcu a|u

~cuck~ej gm |jc fs|s~c p~gupce| gf |jc A_G- Yc ekm egme`slc |jc

fg``gyami ya|j kngvc kmk`quau-

ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU @|l- jku nc||c~ _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm|

uc~vaecu |jkm G|jc~ Egbpkmacu

A| dccpu a|u p~gecuu bg~c |~kmupk~cm|

A| iavcu bg~c ~c|s~mu |g a|u amvcu|g~u

A| ejk~icu k~c `cuu |jkm g|jc~ pg~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| Uc~vaecu

A| p~gvalcu lka`q splk|cu kngs| |jc u|gedu amfg~bk|agm-

Amvcu|g~u k~c `ggdami fg~ |jguc amvcu|bcm| gp|agmu yjc~c |jcq ic|

bkzabsb ~c|s~mu ya|j `cuu ~aud-

Bk~dc| au ncegbami egbp`cz & a| bckmu |jk| |jc amlavalsk`

amvcu|g~ ya`` mg| jkvc |jc |abc |g p`kq u|ged ikbc gm jau gym-

_cgp`c k~c mg| ug bsej kyk~c kngs| |jc Amvcu|bcm| gp|agm

kvka`kn`c am |jc Bk~dc|-

@ku|`q |jc bgu| abpg~|km| |jami au |jk| |jgsij _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm|

au k lqmkbae egmecp| kml gmc gf |jc ncu| kvcmsc |g bkmkic

amvcu|bcm| ns| amvcu|g~u ujgs`l |~q |g |jamd nq |jca~ gym ~k|agmkà|qkml dmgy`clic ~k|jc~ |jkm amf`scmeami f~gb g|jc~u- \jc amvcu|g~u

yja`c |kdami |jc amvcu|bcm| pg~|fgàg ejgaec ujgs`l dccp am baml |jk|

gmc lgcum| mccl |g nc yck`|jq |g ukvc ns| gmc mcclu |g ukvc |g nc

yck`|jq-


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MKBC-----------------KIC EGB_KMQ----------------------------------------------------------

GEES_K\AGM---LCUAIMK\AGM----------------------- _JGMC MG-----------------------------------------------C"BKA@ AL----------------------------------------------------------------

;- Lg qgs dmgy kngs| |jc Amvcu|bcm|u Gp|agm kvka`kn`c7

K! Qcu

N! Mg

>- Yjk| au |jc nkuae ps~pguc gf qgs~ Amvcu|bcm|u7

K! @a{sala|q N! ^c|s~m E! \kz Ncmcfa|u

L! âud ^clse|agm C! Ekpa|k` Kpp~ceak|agm F! G|jc~u

5- Yjk| au |jc bgu| abpg~|km| fke|g~ qgs egmualc~ k| |jc |abc gf Amvcu|bcm|7

K! âud N! ^c|s~m E! Ng|j

q~ L! = 5 q~

6-Amvcu|ami am _BU au fk~ ukfc~ |jkm Amvcu|ami am U|ged- 7

K! U|~gmi`q ki~cc N! Ki~cc E! U|~gmi`q lauki~cc

L! Lauki~cc

9- Jgy bsej qgs ek~~q |jc czpce|k|agm am âuc gf qgs~ Amegbc f~gb Amvcu|bcm|u7

K! Sp |g ;3# N! ;3">3# E! >3"53#

L! Bg~c |jkm 53#


63/64

65

:- Af qgs amvcu|cl am Ujk~c Bk~dc|, yjk| jku nccm qgs~ czpc~acmec7

K! Uk|aufke|g~q ^c|s~m N! Ns~mcl Famic~ E! Smuk|aufke|g~q ^cus`|u

1- Jgy lg qgs |~klc am Ujk~c Bk~dc|7

K! Jcliami N! \~klami E! Amvcu|bcm|

;?- Jgy lg qgs bkmkic qgs~ _g~|fgàg7

K! Uc`f

N! N~gdc~

;;- Af, qgs |~klc ya|j Icgha| NM_ _k~anku famkmeak` uc~vaecu àba|cl |jcm yjq7

K! ^cuck~ej N! N~gdc~kic E! Uc~vaecu

L! Amvcu|bcm|u \apu

;>- K~c qgs suami _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm| uc~vaecu *_BU!7

K! Qcu

N! Mg

;5- Yjaej _g~|fgàg \qpc qgs p~cfc~~cl7

K! C{sa|q N! Lcn| E! Nk`kmecl

;


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NAN@AGI^K_JQ^CFC^CMECU

Vk`sc isalc nq ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKUAmvcu|g~u Cqcu nq ICGHA\ NM_ _KÂNKU

U- Dcvam, >??6, Uces~a|q kmk`quau & _g~|fgàg Bkmkicbcm|, _JA

`ck~mami p~avk|c `|l-, Mcy Lc`ja

YCN NAN@AGI^K_JQ

yyy-icgha|nmppk~anku-egb

yyy-nucamlak-egb

yyy-mucamlak-egb

yyy-us~vcqbgmdcq-egb

yyy-bgmcqegm|~g`-egb

yyy-dk~vq-egbyyy-vk`sc~cuk~ejgmàmc-egb

yyy-~clafffamkmec-egb

yyy-ucna-igv-am
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Investors perception on portfolio management services

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