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Presenter:

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Schizophrenia

DepressionBipolar DisorderPersonality disorder

2

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A serious psychiatric disorder characterizedby impaired communication with loss of contact with reality and deterioration fromprevious level of functioning in work, socialrelations or self care.

a severe mental disorder characterized byintellectual deterioration, social isolation,

disorganized speech and behavior, delusions,and hallucinations.

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1. Excess or distortion of normal functions2. Delusions (persecutory or grandiose)

3. Disorganized thoughts or speech4. Hallucinations (visual, auditory, olfactory,

tactile or gustatory)5. Excitement or agitation6. Hostility or aggressive behaviour

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7. Suspiciousness, ideas of reference8. Pressured speech

9.Bizarre behaviour or dress10. Possible suicidal tendencies

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1. loss of normal functions2. Anergia (lack of energy)

3. Anhedonia (loss of pleasure or interest)4. Emotional withdrawal5. Poor eye contact6. Blunted affect

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7. Social withdrawal8. Difficult in abstract thinking

9. Alogia (lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation)10. Dysfunctional relationship with others.

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: clients experiencingparanoid schizophrenia tend to experiencepersecutory or grandiose delusions, andauditory hallucinations. They may displaybehavioural changes such as anger, hostility,or violent behaviour. Clinical symptoms maypose a threat to the safety to self or others.

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: client experiencesextreme loss of motor skills and holds rigidposes for hours and will ignore any externalstimuli.

: the symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia are consideredthe most severe of all types. The patientexperiences disintegration of personality andis withdrawn. Speech maybe incoherent, poorpersonal hygiene and grooming.

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A mood characterized by a feeling of sadness,

dejection, despair, discouragement orhopelessness.

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Prior episodes of depression Family history of depressive disorders Prior suicide attempts

Female gender Lack of social support Post partum period Stressful life events Current alcohol or substance abuse

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Five or more of the following symptoms duringthe same two (2) week period.

1. Depressed mood occurring most of the day,nearly everyday.

2. Marked diminished interest or pleasure in allor almost all activities most of the day nearlyeveryday.

3. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal

ideations without a specific plan or a suicideattempt.

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4. Insomnia (inability to sleep) or hypersomnia(sleeping excessively) nearly everyday.

5. Agitation nearly every day6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly everyday7. Feeling of worthlessness or excessive or

inappropriate guilt.8.Diminished ability to think or concentrate or

indecisiveness.

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the client experience five or more of thesymptoms.

symptoms are not as severe as majordepressive disorder.

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A major affective disorder characterised byepisodes of mania and depression.

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this is a recurrent disorder in which theindividual may experience one or moremanic episodes or mixed episodes. Duringmanic episodes the individual exhibit anabnormal persistently elevated expansive orirritable mood that last for atleast one week.

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2:This disorder ischaracterized by reurrent major depressiveepisodes with hypo manic (a mood betweeneuphoria and excessive elation) episodes

the individualdisplays numerous periods of hypomanicsymptoms and depressive symptoms that donot meet the criteria of bipolar 1 or 2

Types of Bipolar Disorders

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Inflated self esteem or grandiosity Decreased need for sleep More talkative than usual or pressure to keep

talking Flight of ideas; racing thoughts Distractability Increase in goal directed activity or agitation. Excessive involvement in pleasurable

activities that have a high potential for painfulconsequences.

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A non-psychotic illness characterized bymaladaptive behaviour that the person usesto fulfill his or her needs and bringssatisfaction to self. As a result of the inabilityto relate to the environment the person actsout conflict socially.

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The person denies the maladaptivebehaviours he or she exhibits; they havebecome a way of life.The maladaptive behaviours are inflexibleMinor stress is poorly tolerated, resulting inincreased inability to cope with anxietyThe person is in contact with reality, although

he or she has difficulty dealing with it.

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Disturbance of mood such as anxiety ordepression may be present.Psychiatric help is rarely sought because theperson is unaware or denies that his or herbehaviour is maladaptive.

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Crisis interventionIndividual PsychotherapyGroup Therapy

Couple and Family TherapyPsychopharmacologyOccupational TherapyRecreational Therapy

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