INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Module 1 Session: What is Integrated Water...
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Transcript of INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Module 1 Session: What is Integrated Water...
INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER INTRODUCTINON TO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTRESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Module 1 Module 1
Session: What is Integrated Water Session: What is Integrated Water Resources Management?Resources Management?
Module ObjectivesModule Objectives
Understand the main elements of an IWRM Understand the main elements of an IWRM approach to sustainable management of approach to sustainable management of water resources.water resources.
Learn the main basic functions for water Learn the main basic functions for water resources management which need to be resources management which need to be performed at the river basin scale to performed at the river basin scale to implement IWRM.implement IWRM.
Discuss institutional arrangements and Discuss institutional arrangements and introduce a process-thinking to conduct the introduce a process-thinking to conduct the water resources management functions.water resources management functions.
Session 1Session 1
IWRM Concept and Focus on Integrated IWRM Concept and Focus on Integrated River Basin PlanningRiver Basin Planning
IWRMIWRM
IWRM is primarily concerned with planning and IWRM is primarily concerned with planning and management of a basin’s shared resources for the management of a basin’s shared resources for the benefit of all of the basin states.benefit of all of the basin states.
Its basis is that the many different uses of water Its basis is that the many different uses of water resources are interdependent. That is evident to us all. resources are interdependent. That is evident to us all. High irrigation demands and polluted drainage flows from High irrigation demands and polluted drainage flows from agriculture mean less freshwater for drinking or industrial agriculture mean less freshwater for drinking or industrial use; contaminated municipal and industrial wastewater use; contaminated municipal and industrial wastewater pollutes rivers and threatens ecosystems; if water has to pollutes rivers and threatens ecosystems; if water has to be left in a river to protect fisheries and ecosystems, less be left in a river to protect fisheries and ecosystems, less can be diverted to grow crops. can be diverted to grow crops.
Key Issues in Water Resource Key Issues in Water Resource ManagementManagement
Water governance crisis Water governance crisis Securing water for people Securing water for people Securing water for food production Securing water for food production Protect vital ecosystems, Protect vital ecosystems, Gender disparitiesGender disparities
Watershed Functions
Economic
• Produce food, timber, fish, hydro power
• Sustain livelihoods
• Support income generation
Ecological
• Ensure water flow and quality within the watershed and further downstream
• Provide erosion control, soil fertility, biodiversity, clean air, carbon sequestration
Social and Cultural
• Support indigenous culture and livelihoods
• Provide recreational opportunities
SustainableDevelop-
ment
The function of watersheds is the sustainable provision of goods and services.
Reference: Tuyll, C. 2007: MRC GTZ Watershed Management Programme – Consultative Meeting. Capacity Building Package 1. Power Point Presentation.
IWRM FrameworkIWRM Framework
Major Components of IWRMMajor Components of IWRM
Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment Policies – set goals for water use, protection and conservation. Legislative framework – the rules to follow to achieve policies
and goals. Financing and incentive structures – allocate financial
resources to meet water needs. Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
the elements and methods that enable and help decision‐makers to make rational and informed choices between alternative actions
Institutional rolesInstitutional roles this is ‘the range of political, social, economic and administrative
systems that are in place
In the context of MRC In the context of MRC
IWRM focuses on transboundary issues IWRM focuses on transboundary issues and issues which have implications for the and issues which have implications for the basin as a wholebasin as a whole
IWRM is built upon a strategic approach to IWRM is built upon a strategic approach to managing shared resources which managing shared resources which maximises the potential for the benefit for maximises the potential for the benefit for all basin states. all basin states.
The Goal of Integrated River Basin Planning
The goal of Integrated River Basin Planning is to The goal of Integrated River Basin Planning is to
plan for the sustainable use and development of plan for the sustainable use and development of
the water and related resources of a river basin.the water and related resources of a river basin.
This goal is consistent with the MRC 1995 This goal is consistent with the MRC 1995
AgreementAgreement
This goal recognises that the sustainable This goal recognises that the sustainable
development development of the peopleof the people is linked to the is linked to the
sustainable sustainable development of the land and waterdevelopment of the land and water
Towns
Wetlands
What is a River Basin ?
Irrigation
Highland areas
Agricultural land
Capture fishery
Dam
Catchments are:
• the land area which collects the rainfall,
• the main stem of the river, the tributaries and groundwater systems that carry the water;
• the floodplain and the wetlands which receive the water
Relationships between Watersheds and Administrative Hierarchies
Reference: Tuyll, C. 2007: MRC GTZ Watershed Management Programme – Consultative Meeting Viet Nam April 2007. Power Point Presentation.
Government
Private Sector
NGOs
UserOrganisations
Country
Province
District
Commune
Energy Interior
Agriculture ForestryWater
Resources
Rural Development
PlanningWomen's
AffairsLand
Management
Horizontal consistency
Vert
ical con
sis
ten
cy
NationalRiver Basin Organisation
WatershedCommittee
CatchmentGroup
RegionalRiver Basin Organisation
Institutional consistency
Government
Private Sector
NGOs
UserOrganisations
Government
Private Sector
NGOs
UserOrganisations
Government
Private Sector
NGOs
UserOrganisations
Sectors Involved:
The Mekong Basin is an International River Basin
Each nation makes a contribution to water flow in the Mekong River:
China 16%Myanmar 2%Laos 35%Thailand 18%Cambodia 18%Viet Nam 11%
The Mekong River Basin is an The Mekong River Basin is an international river basininternational river basin
Different governments Different governments are responsible for the are responsible for the planning and planning and management of management of different parts of the different parts of the BasinBasin
River Basin plans must River Basin plans must provide benefits to all provide benefits to all nationsnations
Benefits come from the Benefits come from the use of the water use of the water resources of the Basinresources of the Basin
Benefits come fromBenefits come from
•Water quantity
•Water quality
•Water flow regime
Session 2: Transboundary Session 2: Transboundary ImpactsImpacts
People gain many benefits from the water which flows People gain many benefits from the water which flows across boundaries but can also have impacts on water across boundaries but can also have impacts on water
resourcesresources
1
Table 1.1: Impact of water use sectors on water resources
Positive Impacts Negative Impacts
EnvironmentPurificationStorageHydrological cycle
Agriculture Return flowsIncreased infiltrationDecreased erosionGroundwater rechargeNutrient recycling
DepletionPollutionSalinisationWater loggingErosion
Water supply & sanitation
Nutrient recycling High level of water security requiredSurface and groundwater pollution
Why plan the Mekong River Basin ?Why plan the Mekong River Basin ?
People now have a much greater impact People now have a much greater impact on the quantity, quality and flow regime of on the quantity, quality and flow regime of the Mekong Riverthe Mekong River Population has grown Population has grown The way agriculture is produced is changingThe way agriculture is produced is changing There is increased development on the There is increased development on the
floodplainsfloodplains
Session 3: IWRM Principles and Steps in Session 3: IWRM Principles and Steps in Integrated River Basin PlanningIntegrated River Basin Planning
IWRM Principles: A meeting in Dublin in IWRM Principles: A meeting in Dublin in 19921992
1:1: Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.to sustain life, development and the environment.
2: 2: Water development and management should be based Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.and policymakers at all levels.
33: Women play a central part in the provision, management : Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water.and safeguarding of water.
4: 4: Water has an economic value in all its competing uses Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should beand should be recognised as an economic good as well recognised as an economic good as well as a social good.as a social good.
The objectives ofThe objectives ofthe Mekong River Integrated River Basin Plan the Mekong River Integrated River Basin Plan
are given in the MRC Agreementare given in the MRC Agreement
Article 2: “promote, support, cooperate and Article 2: “promote, support, cooperate and coordinate in the development of the full coordinate in the development of the full potential of sustainable benefits to all riparian potential of sustainable benefits to all riparian States and the prevention of wasteful use of the States and the prevention of wasteful use of the Mekong River Basin waters, with emphasis on Mekong River Basin waters, with emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development projects….” joint and/or basin wide development projects….”
Key points:Key points: Cooperation and coordination,Cooperation and coordination, Sustainable benefitsSustainable benefits Prevention of wasteful usePrevention of wasteful use Emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development Emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development
projectsprojects
Water & Agriculture
Integrated management
Management instruments Water
Supply and Wastewater
Policy and legal framework
Institutional framework
Infrastructure
Water & Environ-
ment
Water for other uses
Proce sses
Negoti ation
Impact
Information
Management
Mon
itorin
g
Institu
tion
al D
evelo
pm
en
t / Cap
acity
Bu
ildin
g
GovernancePolicies / Rule of Law
/ Decentralisation, etc.
Main
ten
an
ce o
f Wate
rshed
Fun
ction
s
PlanningLand Use Planning,
District/Village Deve-lopment Planning,
Watershed/Catchment Planning , etc.
Sta
ndar
ds
Implementation
Land Mgt, Forestry, Agriculture, etc.
Gu
idelin
es
Lessons Learnt
Watershed Management System
Reference: Tuyll, C. 2005: Watershed Management in the Lower Mekong Basin – Setting the Scene. PPP. 2nd Policy Dialogue. Vientiane.