International Agriculture AGED 4713 International Panel: Mexico Manuel Corro Fall 2001.
International Agriculture AGED 4713 International Panel: Mexico Manuel D. Corro Spring 2003.
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Transcript of International Agriculture AGED 4713 International Panel: Mexico Manuel D. Corro Spring 2003.
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International AgricultureAGED 4713
International Panel: Mexico
Manuel D. Corro
Spring 2003
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Mexican History
European influence from Spain
Prehispanic culture:
Aztec Mayan Zapotecan Mixtecan Totonacan Olmecan
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Geographic data
Area: 1,972,550 sq. Km 14th largest country32 States 1 Federal District
Every State divided in “Municipios”(counties)
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Population
11th most populated country in the world
Population density: 52.5 people per sq.kilometer
Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km
Population growth rate: 1.6
74 % Population living in urban areas
26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)
Source: www.inegi.gob.mx
103,400,165 people
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Facts about Mexican population Official and business language: Spanish Several Indigenous languages
Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie,
Tarahumara, Yaqui
Diverse Population: 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish)
30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian
10 % full blood Mexican indigenous
9% white
1% other
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Mexico City, Federal District
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Economy Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
amounted to 920 billion dollars in 2001
GDP per capita $9,100
Services69%
Industries26%
Agriculture5%
Currency: Mexican Peso $ 1 US Dollar = $ 11.00 pesos
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Agroecological Regions in Mexico
Arid and Semiarid
Temperate Highland Tropical
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Facts about Mexican Agriculture
20 % Labor force (8 millions)
14 % Agricultural land
85 % cropping on rainfed land
15 % irrigated
Rainfed land:
30 % good
53 % fair
17 % poor
Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor
Combine 1/1000 Ag. Labor
Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars
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Grains harvested in 2000
GrainArea
(ThousandsHa)
Production(Thousands
M.Ton)
YieldTon/ ha
Corn 7,406.0 18,314.4 2.4
Sorghum 1,877.35 6,043.2 3.2
Wheat 657.5 3,049.8 4.2
Beans 1,615 1,080.6 0.64
Barley 243.5 470.7 2.2
Rice 52.3 394.7 4.7
Soybean 122.5 132.8 1.6
Cartamo 96.1 262.7 1.6
Sesame 43.1 31.5 0.6
Total 12,113.35 29,780.4
Source: www.sagar.gob.mx
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Perennial Crop Production
Avocado Banana Citrus:
– Lemon– Orange
Coffee Mango Papaya Sugar cane
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Other crops
Chili Tomatoes Onions Strawberry Melons Watermelons Guava
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Livestock Production
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Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and
world rank 2000
Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons
WorldRank
Domestic Imports
Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11
Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1
Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5
Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18
Milk(millions ofLiters)
8,877.3 12 85 15
Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A
Pork 994,186 19 76 24
Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7
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Meat Consumption
Poultry39%
Beef31%
Pork25%
Sheep1%
Goat1%
Turkey3%
52 kg/year
Per capita
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The Education System in Mexico
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Some data about Education in Mexico
1921 66 % literacy rate 1995 91 % literacy rate 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary
school 30 millions students in all levels 1.4 million of teachers and professors 212 thousand education centers (all levels)
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
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Enrollment in National Education System
Basic81%
Job Training3%
Up. Secondary10%
Higher Education
6%
30 millions of students
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
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The structure of Mexican Education
Preschool ( 3-5 years old) Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) Upper Secondary (“preparatoria”) 3 levels (15-17 yr.) Technological Upper Secondary or Technical
Professional (3 years after lower secondary) Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher
education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..
Source: www.sep.gob.mx
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Mexican Education System: Higher Education enrollment
Comprehensive Universities
62%
Technological Universities
1%
Technological Institutes
16%
Other Publics IES9%
Teacher Education Colleges
12%
1,727.5 thousands of students
73.6 % Public
26.5 % Private
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Mexican Higher Education enrollment: by branches of Science
Natural & Exact3%
Medical9%
Agricultural &Farming
3%
Social & Administrative
51%
Engineering30%
Education & Humanities
4%
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Agricultural Universities in MexicoSupported by Ministry of Agriculture
Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo Coahuila
Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico
Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas,
Texcoco Estado de Mexico
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
UNAM Oldest University : 1551 Decentralized Autonomous Funded by Federal Government:
– Secretary of Education
– Competitive research funds: CONACYT
– UNAM Foundation: private support (10%) Mission:
– Teaching, Research and Outreach
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85 % of research in Mexico (all areas) Comprehensive University (4-6 years) 68 Colleges offer 130 careers
– (145 000 College Students )
– College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics ( 2 campuses >3500 students)
– College of Agricultural Sciences (1000 students)
UNAM
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International trade
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Agricultural Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
NAFTA: Canada, the U.S. and Mexico Mexico
• Third largest foreign importer from U.S After Japan and Canada
• Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to U.S.
• After Canada Total US Ag. exports to Mexico :
• 10 % meat and meat products • 17 % seed• 22 % live animals• 22 % dairy products• 43 % sorghum
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Agricultural Trade and NAFTA
Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:– 50 % Melons – 36 % live animals – 20 % of coffee– 10 % fruit juice– 6% Bananas
U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag. Exports:– 95 % Horticultural products– 75 % Coffee– 56 % Sugar– 50 % Live animals– 98 % Beer– 80 % Tequila
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Any Questions