INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HOSPITALS

YANAMALA VIJAY RAJ BT14M004MTECH IN CLINICAL ENGIIT MADRAS& CMC VELLORE & SCTIMST TRIVENDRUM

HUMAN VS COMPUTERS

NEED FOR IT IN HOSPITALS

INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE

•NO LIMITED FOR INFORMATION TRANSFER

• PROMOTE BETTER HEALTH BEHAVIOUR

• IMPORVE DECISION MAKING

• PROMOTE INFORMATION EXCHANGE AMONGST PEERS

• PROMOTE SELF CARE

• PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT

• ENHANCED EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONS

COST * QUALITY * ACCESSIBILITY * DELIVERY

IT APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH CARE•ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS•HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM•INTRANETS•PUBLIC NETWORKS•HEALTH DECISION SUPPORT•EXPERT SYSTEMS•TELEMEDICINE•COMMUNITY HEALTH•INFORMATION SYSTEM

ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS (EMR)

The IOM 2003 Patient Safety Report describes an EMR as 1. A longitudinal collection of electronic health information for and about persons,

2. Immediate electronic access to person- and population-level information by authorized users,

3 Provision of knowledge and decision-support systems that enhance the quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care,

4. Support for efficient processes for health care delivery.

Capabilities of EMR

To capture data at the point of care To integrate data from multiple internal and external sources

To Support care giver in making decisions

Objectives for Implementing EMR

Improve Quality Care Avoid Adverse Drug Events Improve Quality Measures Enhance Resident Safety Improve Operational Efficiencies and Reallocate Staff

Increase Reimbursements

HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (HIT)

Health Information Technology uses computers and computer programs to store, protect, retrieve, and transfer clinical, administrative, and financial information electronically.

Health Information Technology (HIT) has the potential to improve the health of individuals and the performance of providers, yielding improved quality, cost savings of patients in their own health care. There are seven types of HIT

Electronic Health Record (EHR) EHR (Electronic Health Record) is term applied to electronic patient care systems

 

Primary uses

Patient care delivery Patient care management Patient care support processes Financial and other administrative processes

Patient self-management

Secondary uses

Education Regulation Research Public Health and Homeland Security Policy Support

CORE FUNCTIONALITIES FOR AN ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM   Health information and data Patient support Results management Administrative processes Order entry/management Reporting & population health Decision support management Electronic communication and connectivity

TELE-MEDICINE

Telemedicine is an umbrella term used for the diagnosis and medical advice at a distance.

It uses telecommunication to enable the doctors to interact with their patients.

It is more applicable in remote places or in places where hospitals are far away; for example, Australians use this technology more because health centers are far off.

It has benefits of providing timely medical attention in such cases. The driving factors for telemedicine are the advent of seamless networking capabilities, high bandwidth availability and decreased costs of medical and non-medical devices and technologies

HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

In order to integrate the functions of various sections of the

hospital – Laboratories, Medical Records Department (MRD), Pharmacy, Dietary, in-patient (IP) and out-patient (OP) areas,

a fully integrated Hospital Information System (HIS) is required.

HIS also covers the

Outpatient and Inpatient billing, Company & Insurance billing reimbursement procedures,

Pharmacy Department, Operation Theatre, Dietary and Laundry.

The HIS has resulted in a tremendous increase in efficiency at all levels of the health care delivery process within CMC –

allowing prompt service, reducing costs, minimizing the margin for human error and providing a tool for Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) strategies by CMC.

NEED FOR HIS

However, as the services of the hospital expanded and the number of patients soared, so also did the need for storage and sharing of data.

Results entered in the labs would previously take at least a day to reach the doctors desk based on which treatment would be modified.

The lack of integration caused significant delays in patient billing, increased waiting time, and incurred additional costs in terms of finance and resources.

Retrieving patient and financial information was difficult, thereby limiting decision-making processes.

Manual processes were subject to entry errors. Information was available at limited areas and sometimes could not be provided in real-time.

Gathering information for statistics and research was a complex operation. Generating financial statements was a phenomenal task.

COMPARISON OF THE PRE-DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO AND POST DEPLOYMENT BENEFITS

The development of the HIS brought about a sea change in the organizational capabilities of the institution, besides boosting efficiency at every level.

Speed of service has increased significantly Patient billing delays have decreased dramatically Secure, real-time, relevant information is now available anywhere on the institutional campuses

MIS for Administration and Auditors Online investigation results available as soon as they are ready, thus aiding clinical decision making. Trend of lab investigations over a time period can be studied using graphical displays.

Information regarding drug interactions is available in real-time, as a prescription is being written

Patient billing delays have decreased dramatically

Patient reports are generated quickly without needing re-entry of data.

Research information is easily retrievable; alerts can be generated for study participants and patients enrolled in clinical trials

Change in workflow can be easily managed since an in-house team has developed the solution

HOSPITAL INTRANET

An intranet is a network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization.

BENEFITS OF HOSPITAL INTRANET

Facilitate Organizational Growth and Knowledge Sharing

Reduce Hospital Costs Boost Caregiver Satisfaction and Morale Better Coordinated Care Teams Get Measured Results

HEALTH DECISION SYSTEM

A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is, assistance with clinical decision-making tasks.

WHY CDS?CDS has a number of important benefits, including:

Increased quality of care and enhanced health outcomes

Avoidance of errors and adverse events Improved efficiency, cost-benefit, and provider and patient satisfaction

PACS A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is a medical imaging technology which provides economical storage and convenient access to images from multiple modalities (source machine types).

Electronic images and reports are transmitted digitally via PACS, this eliminates the need to manually file, retrieve, or transport film jackets.

The universal format for PACS image storage and transfer is DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine).

WHY PACS?

PACS resolves many of the problems that were associated with film.

Film could only be available in one place at a time and would frequently result in delayed patient care if it was not immediately available to the referring physician.

With PACS, patient studies can be viewed from any computer at any of our facilities or from a referring physician’s office.

PACS also allows the radiologists to read studies performed at any of our facilities, from any of our facilities, making them much more efficient and greatly reducing the turn around time for report dictation.

PAVS

WHO SHOULD HAVE ACCESS TO PACS?

Any hospital employee who has a legitimate need to view patient images to provide patient care will be given access to PACS.