Indoor Coverage
-
Upload
syed-gilani -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
1
Transcript of Indoor Coverage
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 1/42
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor CoverageIndoor CoverageSolutionsSolutions
V. MerleV. MerleRF Solutions Engineer RF Solutions Engineer GSM SolutionsGSM Solutions06/17/9906/17/99
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 2/42
2Mobistar - 06/17 - 2NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor Solutions Objectives
Indoor Market
includes awide range of applicationsfor operators
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 3/42
3Mobistar - 06/17 - 3NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Agenda Agenda
• Indoor Coverage SolutionsIndoor Coverage Solutions – Indoor Solutions approaches – RF distribution System
• Indoor Radio DimensioningIndoor Radio Dimensioning
• Corporate Coverage SpecificityCorporate Coverage Specificity• Indoor Design Process OutlinesIndoor Design Process Outlines
• Indoor RealizationsIndoor Realizations – Example : Corporate Coverage with PicoNode
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 4/42
4Mobistar - 06/17 - 4NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor Coverage Solutions
WhichIndoor Solution ?
?
Source
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 5/42
5Mobistar - 06/17 - 5NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Macrocell & Indoor Application
Macrocell Densification
• Indoor coverage improvement, especially for higher floors
• Difficulty to get perfect indoor coverage,
especially for low floors, undergroundparking & deep indoor • No extra capacity extension if not taken intoaccount from the start
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 6/42
6Mobistar - 06/17 - 6NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Microcell solution
Higher sitesdensity
• Good coverage solution, especially for lower floors• High capacity solution• High spectrum efficiency
• High density of sites higher cost
• Problem of dimensioning the macro/microcell in order to cope with building generatedtraffic• Localized solution• Problem of atypical areas
Macro
µ cell
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 7/42
7Mobistar - 06/17 - 7NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Repeater solution
Extension of theoutdoor coveragecoming from amacro/microcell
• Coverage everywhere in indoor areas
• Fast & low cost solution
• No extra capacity
Possible overload of the serving cell• Limited power solution• Possible BTS blocking & BTS desensitivity
Fine tuning of repeater amplifier gains
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 8/42
8Mobistar - 06/17 - 8NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Picocell solution
Dedicated cellsfor theconsidered buildings • Coverage everywhere in indoor areas
• Capacity extension into indoor areas
• Highest spectrum efficiency
• Higher design load : specific design for specific building
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 9/42
9Mobistar - 06/17 - 9NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor System
2 key points
- BTS source
- RF system
Indoor Objectives
- Good coverage- Good quality - Traffic capture
DAS
BTS
Repeater
RF system
*
DAS : Distributed Antenna System
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 10/42
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 11/42
11Mobistar - 06/17 - 11NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
RF Distribution System
System choice depends on :
• Building form & size
• Required capacity/coverage/quality • Available spectrum• Installation constraints
• Reuse of existing infrastructure• Resources constraints• Cost
Repeater & Picocell solution specific
Coaxial cable• + Antenna• + Leaky feeder
Distributed Antenna System• Optic Fiber DAS • CATV • Coax + Power
Amplifier
Distributed BaseStations (DBS)
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 12/42
12Mobistar - 06/17 - 12NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor RF system
Existing infrastructure
Confinement request
Interferencecompetition
2 MainTechnologies
• Coaxial feeder (antenna / leaky cable)— widely used solution
— large band system
— low hardware cost
— installation constraints and costs
•Optic Fiber System (DAS)— new technology
— possible optic infrastructure reuse
— high hardware cost
— low installation cost & constraints
— low EIRP distributed antenna approach
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 13/42
13Mobistar - 06/17 - 13NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Coaxial cable + Antenna
— Expectation of high EIRP
— Wide area to cover
— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distribution distance (100 m)
— Localized source : careful attention on proximity of apertures to minimizeoutside leaking
— Limited deployment system
— Installation constraints
Sufficient power to guaranteeantennae EIRP &compensation of feeder losses
Careful attentionon source
position to ensurecoverage over targeted area
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 14/42
14Mobistar - 06/17 - 14NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Coaxial cable + Leaky feeder
— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distributiondistance
— Homogeneous indoor coverage
— Very low outside radiation application
— Good confinement possibility
— Installation constraints
But no strong
signal … Jammer overcome ?
New solution :Flat StripRadiax
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 15/42
15Mobistar - 06/17 - 15NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Optic Fiber System (1)
• Various OEM Fiber distributed antennasolutions— Monomode
— Multimode
• Nearly identical RF performances
• Best solution criteria :— material & installation cost
Use of fiber optic cables for signal distribution
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 16/42
16Mobistar - 06/17 - 16NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Optic Fiber System (2)
— Low-loss low-noise fiber optics transceivers for signal conversion— For huge building (> 5 floors) & wide distribution distance (1-2 km)
with no attenuation
— Possible infrastructure reuse
— Low installation cost and constraints – ease of installation – small discrete flexible cable
– no bulky feeder trays required – minimal disruption to functions or staff
— Low output power & same low EIRP for all connected antennas
— Critical deployment speed
— Higher hardware cost
Appropriate In- building coverage for
scattered buildings
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 17/42
17Mobistar - 06/17 - 17NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor Radio Dimensioning
How todimension the
Indoor network ?
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 18/42
18Mobistar - 06/17 - 18NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor Solution
• Build your Indoor solution considering :
— Capacity needs
— Spectrum availability
—Frequency Planning
— Quality of Service
— Coverage requests
— Interference control
—Building architecture
— BSS features
BTS
RF system
&
C a p a c
i t y
R F d e s i
g n
2 dimensioningpoints
- Capacity - Coverage
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 19/42
19Mobistar - 06/17 - 19NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
• Repeater / BTS Constraints
— Traffic needs & capacity evolution— Spectrum availability
— Possible frequency planning
— Power requirement issues
— Installation issues
• Nortel Networks Solutions
Capacity dimensioning
Who is thetargeted user?
Which quality of service ?
What spectrumcan be used?
First input for RF design
Capacity solutions Power solutions
• Small Capacity :• 2 TRXs S2000L / H• up to 3 TRXs CorporatePiconode & distributedpBTS portfolio
• High Capacity : S8000
• Low Power :• 2W & 8W Piconode BTS• 2.5W S2000L
• High Power :• 24W S2000H• 30W S8000
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 20/42
20Mobistar - 06/17 - 20NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Frequency Plan
High spectrumefficiency possibility
Frequency Hopping
• Spectrum reuse
— 3 dimensional frequency planning
— by floor — from floor to floor
• Fractional reuse
— MAIO / HSN allocation per building / floor
MA1
MA2
Three dimensional frequency planning
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 21/42
21Mobistar - 06/17 - 21NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
1 single band for the wholenetwork
Outdoor +Indoor
• Single band for outdoor and indoor
Is there dedicated spectrum for indoor, how
much ?• Designing indoor radio network with spectrum
constraints – Careful borrow from distant macro cells for indoor
frequencies – Efficiency of the coverage confinement
• Optimized outdoor spectrum utilization can savesome spare frequencies for indoor design
Whole spectrum for the network
Outdoor Indoorµ cell
Spectrum sharing
Nortel solutions:BCCH plan
AFP TCH planFractional reuse
Sparefrequenciesfor indoor
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 22/42
22Mobistar - 06/17 - 22NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
• Installation constraints— Accessibility
— Distributed system : feeder runs, feeder trays …
— Antenna type (omni, panel, …)
• Minimize Cost— Equipment : BTS system, feeders, splitters, antennas,
connectors, amplifiers, …
— Installation
— Maintenance (distributed system, active elements, …)
— Transmission / Power, equipment room (leasing)
Design Constraints
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 23/42
23Mobistar - 06/17 - 23NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate Coverage Specificity
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 24/42
24Mobistar - 06/17 - 24NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor Operator Approach
• Corporate Service Offer — Commitments on QoS for a specific end-client
— Deskset / gsm mobile interoperability
— Dedicated sub-network
— PBX like Services
• Corporate Coverage— High quality of Coverage / QoS Improvement
— Good voice quality
— Traffic Capture— Part of PLMN Network Extension / Optimization
Operator interests
One solutiondedicated toone building
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 25/42
25Mobistar - 06/17 - 25NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate Coverage Specificities
• Type of customers (operators, building owner, companyrepresentatives, …)
• Specific Corporate environment
• High QoC & high QoS expected : corporate coverage should beoptimum
• Capacity availability— Specific subscriber : high penetration rate (~ 50%)
— Specific corporate call profile
• Specific features :— dialing plan, specific billing, PBX extension, supplementary services,
data ...
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 26/42
26Mobistar - 06/17 - 26NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor DesignProcess Outlines
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 27/42
27Mobistar - 06/17 - 27NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor RF Design Process
2 Strategies :
• Careful designMeasurementsmandatory • Fast designonly Optimization
Cooperationneeded with :
• Building owner • Site engineer • I&C team
P r e r e q u i s i t e s P h a
s e
R F D e s i g n P h a s e
S y s t e m D e p l o y
m e n t P h a s e
1- Customer requirements
2- RF prerequisites
4- RF design
5- RF validation
3- BTS / Repeater choice
RFM Measurements& Site survey
RFM MeasurementsSimulationsI&C
7- System deployment
8- System validation RSV Measures
* Example for 3-5fl buildings
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 28/42
28Mobistar - 06/17 - 28NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Indoor realizations
E l 1 C A
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 29/42
29Mobistar - 06/17 - 29NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Example 1 : Coax + Antenna
Antenna
Splitter Coax
3 floors building, S2000L
• 7/8“ foam coax cable propagation attenuation : 4.2 dB/100m• 1/2” superflexible coax cable
propagation attenuation : 11.5 dB/100m
Limiting point : RF distribution loss 13 dB (50m 1/2 ’’ + 2 splitters)
Solution widely used in HK, Singapore,..
S2000
BTS parameters
Hybrid coupler
Jumpers
2*1:2 splitter
50 m coax cable + connectors
2dBi antenna
RF Distribution loss
Slow mobile margin
Body loss
Mobile antenna gain
Mobile parameter
Downlink
34 dBm
3 dB
1 dB
6 dB
6 dB
2 dBi
13 dB
6 dB
3 dB
2 dBi
33 dBm
-104 dBm
Uplink
Total Link
Worst Link budget
Indoor minimum field
EIRP antenna #1
EIRP antenna #2
EIRP antenna #3
Design Threshold
112
dBm112 dBm
-91 dBm
23 dBm
20 dBm
19 dBm
-78 dBm
Downlink
115
dBmDownlink limited
Uplink
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 30/42
30Mobistar - 06/17 - 30NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Example 1 : Coax + Antenna
-3 dB-3 dB
-1 dB
29.5 dBm (-10)
19.5 dBm -1 dB
-1 dB -1 dB
-1 dB
14.5 dBm 10.5 dBm 10.5 dBm
Splitter 1*2Antenna
1 2 3
Power splitter usual or directional
Bidirectional amplifier/ repeater
for huge deployment scale
Amplifier gain to be tuned carefullyImpact on Noise figure and sensitivity
Antenna location- EMC risks
- MPE limits- Blocking
Solution used in UK, Singapore
BTSS2000L
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 31/42
31Mobistar - 06/17 - 31NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Example 2 : Corporate Coveragewith PicoNode
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 32/42
32Mobistar - 06/17 - 32NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate Offer
• NORTEL provides a dedicated Corporateapproach with PicoNode ensuring one localGSM Switching with PBX connection toprovide one unique solution to end-users.
• This solution is somehow equivalent to onesmall sized GSM system as it integratesMSC, BSC & some BTS in one really compactsystem.
Combo :
MSC/BSC/BTS in one box
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 33/42
33Mobistar - 06/17 - 33NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (1)
• Picocell traffic management— The objective is to save some resources of the picocell; non-
Corporate subscribers must be directed to the macrocellular network.
— Need for “better field strength” approach implying accurate RF
design & tuning – careful attention on frequency plan change – careful attention on new BTS introduction
• HO characteristics— Handover facility requested to ensure a seamless service at
entrance points.— No HO Ping-Pong between the Picocell & the Macrocell.
Future effectivesolution [R6] :SOLSA
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 34/42
34Mobistar - 06/17 - 34NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (2)• Frequency sharing
— Leakage issues
– from “no specific attention” to “no field radiated outside”
specific requests of radio thresholds : highest limit for outside radiation (e.g. -90 dBm@50%)
— Spectrum issues – dedicated spectrum or reuse of some spectrum used outdoor macrocells :
number of frequencies = number of TRXs
2 key points
• Leakage
• Spectrum
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 35/42
35Mobistar - 06/17 - 35NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (1)
• Favor selection & reselection towards thePiconode network for all mobiles enteringin the corporate building
– RxLevAccessMin(pcells) <= RxLevAccessMin(ext. cells) - 10
– BA list(ext. cells) = all picocells
• Ensure Piconode services & coveragecontinuity in the building
– BA list(pcells) = neighbors of 2nd crown – CellReselectionHysteresis(pcells) at max value (14dBm)
PicoCells : samecelltype as PLMN cells
2 users types(public & hybrid)
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 36/42
36Mobistar - 06/17 - 36NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (2)
• Reserve radio resources for Corporate users & push outpublic users— Favor HO towards external cells
– HO inter-BSC for visitor users – No possible HO for Hybrid users (inter-MSC)
– HO neighbors(pcells) = external cells – Standard value for RxLevMinCells(ext. Cells)
– Min. value of HO Margin
— Harden HO towards picocells except if external cells coverage is notgood enough
– High value for RxLevMinCells(pcells)
– HO Margin = +20 dB
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 37/42
37Mobistar - 06/17 - 37NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Corporate approachNortel GSM Hdq, Guyancourt, FranceCorporate network
BTS BPicoNode
BTS APicoNode
Splitter B
Feeder
Feeder Antenna
Leaky cable
Antenna
Antenna
Leaky cable
Leaky cable
Connector
Connector
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Splitter
drycolumn
drycolumn
Wing BWing A
3rd F
2nd F
1st F
Gd F
1st Gd F
Liftr Lift
Load50 Ohms
Load50 Ohms
Load50 Ohms
LGC-FMHFiber
Fiber Fiber
F i b e r
F i b e r
F i b e
r
F i b e r
Twisted pair
Feeder Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
EH RAU RAU
RAU
RAURAU
RAU
RAU
Splitter Splitter
Splitter Splitter
Splitter Splitter
Splitter
EH
EH
EH
Twisted pair
Twisted pair
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 38/42
38Mobistar - 06/17 - 38NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Strategic Locations
• 1 antenna per floor
• 2 antennae per floor
• 3 antennae per floor
• Leaky feeder input power
Pico Cellsdefinition :
• one or a groupof floors
• a wing of abuilding
•a building
among ascattered campus
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 39/42
39
Mobistar - 06/17 - 39NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Coax + Leaky feeder (1)
Leaky cable 120m
Guyancourt, France, Montgolfier Corporate applicationDesign threshold -70dBm
1/2 ’ Superflex leaky cable
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 40/42
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 41/42
8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/indoor-coverage 42/42
42
Conclusion
• Issue : coverage of one specific area
• Needs : traffic / coverage / spectrum /services / building characterization
• Choice : one technology adapted to oneenvironment
•Benefits :— In-building coverage
— Corporate Services
Mobistar Piconode TrialMobistar Piconode Trial
Mobistar