Importance of ip peering

Importance of IP Peering

Yoshiki Ishida Japan Internet Exchange, Co., Ltd.

Agenda

Ø Fundamentals of IX and peering ü IX ü Peering

Ø The Current Status of IX and Peering ü Change of the Internet ü IX and Peering

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Fundamentals of IX and peering

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What is IX? Ø  DefiniGon of IX Point

(by euro-‐ix) A physical network infrastructure operated by a single enGty with the purpose to facilitate the exchange of Internet traffic between Autonomous Systems. The number of Autonomous Systems connected should at least be three and there must be a clear and open policy for others to join.

Ø  IX is a system composed by Layer 2 switches.

Ø  Every parGes’ routers are connected to the switches.

AS

AS

AS

AS

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A Typical Structure of the Internet in a Textbook

ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

Global Tier-‐1

NaGonal Backbone Provider

Local Access Provider

Customer (Consumer/OrganizaGon)

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

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-‐Transit-‐ “Transit” has an upstream and a downstream, then the traffic from/to the la\er and its customers are carried by the former to/from the rest of the Internet with payment from the downstream.

-‐Peering-‐ Traffic between two parGes and their customers are exchanged by using “peering.” Useless traffic to the upstream decreases by exchanging traffic with peering, and their transit cost can be reduced. 5

Transit and Peering

IX

The Internet

ISP-B

user user user user user user user user

ISP-D ISP-C

ISP-A

Peering Ø  Types of Peering

ü  LocaGon •  Pubic Peer •  Private Peer

ü  Payment •  Free Peer •  Paid Peer

Ø  Peering Agreement ü  Bi-‐lateral Peering Agreement

•  An one-‐to-‐one agreement between two parGes about peering. ü MulG-‐lateral Peering Agreement(MLPA)

•  MulG-‐lateral peering is peering negoGated and established between potenGally many parGes.

•  A MulG-‐Lateral Peering Agreement is signed at exchange points that support mulG-‐lateral peering.

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IX and Peering

Ø Role of IX Providers for peering ü IX provides a point for peering and exchanging traffic. ü IX providers make arrangements for communicaGons on peering between customers.

ü IX providers supply addiGonal funcGon for peering, e.g. Route Server, Route Monitor, and Traffic Viewer.

ü Some IX providers support a private peering between their customers, for example by providing cabling services.

ü IX is the place for coordinaGon and cooperaGon between various parGes of the Internet.

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The Current Status of IX and Peering

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The Current Structure of the Internet

ISP ISP ISP

ISP

Global Tier-‐1 NaGonal Backbone

Local Access Provider Mobile

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

ISP


Hyper Giants

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The Current Structure of the Internet

ISP ISP ISP

ISP

Global Tier-‐1 NaGonal Backbone

Local Access Provider Mobile

IX IX

ISP

ISP

ISP ISP

ISP


Hyper Giants

Contents

Eyeball

Traffic

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Contents and Eyeball JPIX Case Ø The traffic share of top 10 customers of JPIX

with 140 parGes.

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IX Switch

Contents Side

OUT 50.6%

Eyeball Side

IN 40.3%

OUT 14.0%

IN 7.7%

Merits of using IX

Ø Exchanging Traffic at IX Points ü High Bandwidth ü Low Latency ü Cost Efficiency ü Direct RelaGonship

Ø Peering with Internet Infrastructure such as root servers

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ISP ISP

Internet

Peering

IX

DNS root server

The Importance of IX

Ø  The importance of IX is equal to the importance of peering and exchanging traffic locally.

Ø  Related AcGviGes ü WCIT/ITR

•  31E 3.7 Member States should create an enabling environment for the implementaGon of regional telecommunicaGon traffic exchange points, with a view to improving quality, increasing the connecGvity and resilience of networks, fostering compeGGon and reducing the costs of internaGonal telecommunicaGon interconnecGons.

ü  OECD Paper •  Internet Traffic Exchange Market Developments and Policy Challenges, OECD

Digital Economy Papers No. 207 h\p://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-‐en

ü  ISOC IXP Toolkit •  “The Internet Society was awarded a grant to extend its Internet exchange

point (IXP) acGviGes in emerging markets and developing countries.” h\p://www.ixptoolkit.org/

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Ecosystem for Peering Ø  AddiGonal fee for peering are mainly port charges for IX providers. Ø  Peering are lower in cost than transit. Ø  Payment for peering

ü  Eyeball side •  Local access providers pay for construcGon of consumer network. •  Without contents, nobody uses access network.

ü  Contents side •  Contents distributers pay for the contents and network for delivering. •  Without users, no content delivered.

Ø  Free peering is an advantage for all the parGes. ü  The majority of content-‐to-‐end-‐user flows should be free. ü  For all the parGes, peering is good tool for promoGon to their

customers.

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IX and Regulators

Ø Regulators should take neutral stance to peering if domesGc compeGGve environment for their IP network have been developed, ü To support growth and evoluGon of the Internet industry.

Ø Regulators may support coordinaGon and cooperaGon among parGes.

Ø Regulators may support IX and intervene peering only if their IP network is under developing and compeGGve environment is poor.

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IX Status Global

Ø  105 Countries 415 IXPs ü  IX is now increasing day by day.

Ø  Tier of IX ü  Global IX ü  Regional IX ü  NaGonal IX ü  Local IX

Ø  Types of IX ü  A not-‐for-‐profit independent

organizaGon, ü  A consorGum of ISPs, ü  A commercial company, ü  An Academic and research project ü  A government agency, ü  An informal associaGon of

networks

Ø  IX Community ü  Euro-‐IX

•  First and Largest IX Community. •  Formed in 2001

ü  APIX ü  LACIX ü  AFRIX ü  IX-‐F

Ø  Development of NaGonal IX Points ü  Some countries develop IX Points

by themselves. ü  Some Global IX Providers foster IX

Points in underdeveloped regions. ü  Bo\om –up approach tend to be a

shortcut to success.

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IX Status Asia-‐Pacific Region

Ø  APIX“Asia-‐Pacific Internet Exchange” ü  An associaGon of Internet Exchange

Providers in Asia-‐-‐-‐Pacific region. ü  just like Euro-‐IX in Europe

Ø  ObjecGves ü  To share informaGon about technical,

operaGonal, and business issues and soluGons regarding Internet Exchange.

Ø  APIX was established in 2010 under the support of APNIC

Ø  APNIC’s support for APIX ü  Engineering assistance for organizaGons

needed. ü  APNIC is in a good posiGon to

encourage on facilitate to share knowledge and experience among IX points in the region.

Ø  Members: 16 IXPs from 12 economies ü  BDIX(BD) ü  HKIX(HK) ü  BBIX, DIX-‐IE, JPIX, JPNAP(JP) ü  KINX(KR) ü  IIX(ID) ü  NIXI(IN) ü  MyIX(MY) ü  NP-‐IX(NP) ü  NZIX(NZ) ü  SGIX,SOX(SG) ü  VNIX(VN) ü  Equinix(US, HK, JP, AU)

Ø  Contact: ü  sc(at)apix.asia

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IX Status Japan

Ø Commercial IX Providers: 3 ü JPIX ü JPNAP(Internet MulGfeed)

ü BBIX Ø Academic-‐based IX Providers: 1 ü DIX-‐IE(WIDE Project)

Ø Global IX Providers: 1 ü Equinix

Ø Traffic at IX in Japan ü 20% to EsGmated Total Traffic in Japan are exchanged at IX points according to the report from MIC.

ü Traffic between huge telecom carriers are exchanged by using private peers.

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Thank you!

Yoshiki Ishida Ishida(at)jpix.ad.jp

Importance of ip peering

Internet

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