Immunodefisiency
-
Upload
whielyjoenior -
Category
Documents
-
view
318 -
download
0
Transcript of Immunodefisiency
![Page 1: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Immunodefisiency & Autoimmune
![Page 2: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• Immunodeficiency disorders occur when the body's immune response is reduced or absent
• T or B cell lymphocytes (or both) do not work as well as they should, or when your body doesn't produce enough antibodies.
![Page 3: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Classification
Primary secundary
![Page 4: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Primary immunodeficiency (PID)
• Many of these disorders are hereditary and are autosomal recessive or X-linked.
• Gx: recurrent or persistent infectionOther signs include:– Poor response to treatment– Delayed or incomplete recovery from illness– Certain types of cancers (such as Kaposi's sarcoma or
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)– Certain infections (including some forms of
pneumonia or recurrent fungal yeast infections)
![Page 5: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diagnosis
• full blood count (including accurate lymphocyte and granulocyte counts)
• immunoglobulin levels (the three most important types of antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM).
• Complement levels
![Page 6: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The International Union of Immunological Societies recognises eight classes of primary
immunodeficiencies
• Combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiencies• Antibody deficiencies• Well-defined syndromes• Immune dysregulation diseases• Phagocyte disorders• Innate immunity deficiencies• Autoinflammatory disorders• Complement deficiencies
![Page 7: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Treatment of primary immunodeficiencies
• intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) in antibody deficiencies
• hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (for SCID and other severe immunodeficiences)
• Reduction of exposure to pathogens, and in many situations prophylactic antibiotics may be advised.
![Page 8: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Acquired immunodeficiency "secondary" or "acquired" immunodeficiency
• Common causes for secondary immunodeficiency are malnutrition, aging and particular medications (e.g. chemotherapy, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, after organ transplants, glucocorticoids).
• cancer, particularly those of the bone marrow and blood cells (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), and certain chronic infections. Immunodeficiency is also the hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
![Page 9: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Autoimmune
![Page 12: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmune Diseases
• Loss of self-tolerance leads to production of antibodies or T cells that react against one’s own antigens.
• Immune system response to self antigens causes damage to organs.
• The major factors that contribute to the development of autoimmunity are genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers
![Page 13: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Loss of Tolerance in Autoimmune Disease
Susceptibility genes (usually multiple)
Triggering factors (probably environmental)
Loss of tolerance
Auto reactive T cells Auto reactive B cells Inadequate regulatory mechanism
Persistent pathogenic auto antibodies
Persistent pathogenic immune complexes Persistent damaging auto reactive T cell
![Page 14: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Classification
• Autoimmune diseases may be either systemic or organ specific
• Three types of autoimmune disorders:–Cytotoxic (Type II reactions)– Immune complex (Type III reactions)–Cell-mediated (Type IV reactions)
![Page 15: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Type II antibody against cell-surface or matrix antigens ( syndrome, autoantigen
and consequence )
![Page 18: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Type III immune complex disease ( syndrome, autoantigen and consequence)
![Page 19: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Type IV cell-mediated disease (syndrome, autoantigen and
consequence)
![Page 20: Immunodefisiency](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062704/5560e54dd8b42a016e8b4f03/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Autoantibodies against cell-surface receptors