ImagineeringSoundscape

HazreenaHusseinEngkuMasturaEngkuMohdAnuar

NazliCheDinFacultyofBuiltEnvironment,DepartmentofArchitecture

UniversityofMalaya,KualaLumpurreenalambina@um.edu.my

Royal FLORIAInternaKonalDialogue

SowingtheSeedsforIndustryExcellencePutrajayaInternaKonalConvenKonCentre;27-28May2016

Development

EffectsofSoundPollu0ononHealthandWell-BeingInKme,urbanenvironmentbecomesincreasinglydevelopedandcrowded,

soundpollu0onisconsideredamajorenvironmentalhealthproblem(Skanberg&Ohrstrom,2002).

Thehealthconsequencesofregularexposure,toconsistentelevatedsoundlevelscancausehearingimpairment,hypertension,annoyance,andsleep

disturbance.

NaturalSound NaturalSound+HumanSound+MechanicalSound

INTRODUCTION

SOUNDSCAPE:Thesoundofenvironment

atanareaasperceivedbypeopleandpeople's

responsetoit.

Environment

People

+VE&-VESound

NOISE&ANNOYANCE:Thesoundthatisunpleasantordisturbance.Focusoncontrolandreduc0on.

SOUND

INTRODUCTION

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THEHIGHLANDS:then…

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THEHIGHLANDS:now…

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Land Use 1947 1966 1974 1982 1990 1997 Forest 95% 78% 76% 73% 72% 62% Agriculture 1.7% 2.4% 3.8% 9.3% 10.2% 17.8%

Tea & Orchards 2.7% 8.9% 10.8% 9.7% 9.5% 7.5% Urban/Housing 0.6% 10.7% 9.4% 8.0% 8.3% 12.7%

Increase

Decrease

Inc/Dec

(Source: TNB Research Sdn Bhd (1997) The Development of Catchment Monitoring and Management for Pergau and Cameron Highlands Batang Padang Using GIS. TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Kajang - see Chan, 2006)

Soundpollu0onever-growingproblemoccursinanydeveloparea(Raimbault&Dubois,2005)

()

LANDUSECHANGE

ToidenKfytherelaKonbetweenthesoundscapeelementsandlandscapefeaturesintheselectedareasinCameronHighlands

ToassessthesimulaKonofexisKngandarKficialelementsofthe

Soundscapeusingaudio-visualapproaches

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OBJECTIVES

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2ndlargesttownshipMaina`racKon:Weekendnightmarket

LARGESTTOWNSHIPADMINISTRATIVECENTREMAINHUBGREENAREAASRECREATIONSPOT

TradingareaforcommercialacKviKesOldstyleshopsandconvenientstores

SELECTEDTOWN

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SiteA:TamanPertabalanSunkenAcKveandpassiveacKviKes

SiteB:BusSta0onPocketParkFlatPassiveacKviKes

SiteC:Undula0ngLandscapePassiveacKviKes

SAMPLINGGREENAREAS

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Sound level measurement is not restricted to just traffic sounds but comprises of whole sounds. Urban landscape areas deal with complex soundscape as it involves with various sound sources. Temperature and humidity Time and duration: 0900-1700 daytime (eight hours) & 2050/2200-2150/2300 night-time (one hour). Six days: 3 days of public holiday & 3 days of non-holiday/weekday Observation: soundscape elements, landsape features, activities and numbers of vehicles.

PHYSICALASSESSMENT

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Source of sound

Source of sound

Source of sound

SiteA:TamanPertabalan

Source of sound

Source of sound

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SiteB:BusSta0onPocketPark

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Source of sound

Source of sound

SiteC:Undula0ngLandscape

AppleMacmini EPSONProjector

BehringerPro-8HA8000

ShureHeadphone

SoundLevelMeter

Hygro-Termometer

FreeVideoEditor

VLCMedia

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PSYCHOLOGICALASSESSMENT:LabTest

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NaturalSound Waterflowing

Leavesrustling

Birdchirping

Windblowing

Insectsound

Dogbarking

HumanSound Peoplelaughing

Peopletalking

PeopleshouKng

Footsteps

Childrenwhining

Childrencrying

Peoplecycling

Peopleskateboarding

MechanicalSound Musicfrompassingcar

Trafficsound

Machinerysound

ConstrucKonsound

A)Ratefavourablenessfor18soundelementsB)LabtestAudio-Visual(Ques0onnaireSurvey)

Visual Audio Audio-Visual

ExisKngVisual(Video) ExisKngSoundscape

AddiKonalsounds Scenes

SiteA

(Sunken) A

- A1 birds A2 water A3

naturalambience A4

SiteB(Flat) B

- B1 birds B2

water B3

naturalambience B4

SiteC

(Undulate) C

- C1 birds C2 water C3

naturalambience C4

EXAMPLE

PSYCHOLOGICALASSESSMENT:Ques0onnaire

SceneA1:Exis0ng SceneA2:Birds

SceneA3:Water SceneA4:Natural

EXAMPLE:SiteA(TamanPertabalan)

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ItisascertainedthatthesoundscapeatTanahRataisdecliningasthedominatedsoundofvehiclesbeingidenKfied.BusStaKonPocketParkhasthelowestlevelofacousKcquality.Landform,ac0vi0esandlandscapeelementshavesignificantinfluenceonthesoundscape.• Sunkenandelevatedlandformactassoundbarrier.Flatlandformenablehighersoundexposure.• ProvisionofbothacKveandpassiveacKviKesgeneratehumansound.• PlanKngcomposiKonoffersshades,a`ractbirdsandactassoundbarrier.SiteBexisKngsoundscape-trafficnoisepredominatewasoneoftheexpectedcontribuKngfactorforlowerra0ngpercentagesforallscenes.

SiteCexisKngsoundscape–naturalsound&lesstrafficsoundexposureshowhighra0ngsforallsubjectpreferences.

Allsitesareexposedtovarioussoundsgeneratedbyhumanandtraffic,whichcouldaffecttheCalmness.

Originalsoundswithwatersoundelementsareratedlowerpreferencescomparedtonaturalambienceandbirdssoundelementsforallsites.

Allsitesratedposi0velyfornaturalambienceandbirdssound.Increaseposi0veexpressionandimprove/enhanceenvironmentsselngs.

CONCLUSION

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Mastura,E.,Hussein,H.,&CheDin,N.(2014).SoundscapeassessmentofCameronHighlandsEnvironmentforSustainableDevelopment.InConferenceProceedingSUDLiC2014,Malaysia.CheDin,N.,Mastura,E.,&Hussein,H.(2015).Inves0ga0onontheSoundscapePreferenceandPercep0onofHighlandsEnvironment:Apreliminarystudy.InConferenceProceeding(ICSV22),Florence,Italy.Mastura,E.,Hussein,H.,&CheDin,N.(2016).LandscapeIden0tyofCameronHighlandsHillSta0on:Soundscape.SuSciSymposium#UM111.

This research is funded by the University of Malaya Research Grant, project numberRP009B-13SUS. The authors are grateful for the cooperaKon given by the Cameron HighlandsDistrictCouncilthroughouttheresearchprocess.

PUBLICATIONS(resultsindetail)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT