IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT

OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES INOF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN

FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD FLESH FROM FARMED AND WILD

CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala

Shahid Shahid Shahid Shahid Shahid Shahid Shahid Shahid MahboobMahboobMahboobMahboobMahboobMahboobMahboobMahboob

GC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, PakistanGC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

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0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES0BJECTIVES

�� Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide Identification and measurement of pesticide

residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed residues in fish flesh from wild and farmed

habitathabitathabitathabitathabitathabitathabitathabitat

�� To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels To assess the pesticide contamination levels

in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human in fish meat being consumed by human

�� To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food To create awareness particularly among food

technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers technologists and also among consumers

about healthabout healthabout healthabout healthabout healthabout healthabout healthabout health hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide hazards caused by pesticide

residues.residues.residues.residues.residues.residues.residues.residues.Do n

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INDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPSINDIAN MAJOR CARPS

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ROHUROHUROHUROHUROHUROHUROHUROHU

LabeoLabeo rohitarohita

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THAILATHAILATHAILATHAILATHAILATHAILATHAILATHAILA

CatlaCatla catlacatla

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MORIMORIMORIMORIMORIMORIMORIMORI

CirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigala

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MATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODSMATERIALS AND METHODS

Procurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of FishProcurement and Processing of Fish

Fish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories WFish samples of two weight categories W11111111 (501(501(501(501(501(501(501(501--------

900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W900g) and W22222222 (901(901(901(901(901(901(901(901--------1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild 1300g) of farmed and wild

CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of were captured with the help of

gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River gill net from Fish Farm and River ChenabChenabChenabChenabChenabChenabChenabChenab & & & & & & & &

JehlumJehlumJehlumJehlumJehlumJehlumJehlumJehlum. Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed . Flesh samples were taken out, weighed

and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65and oven dried at 65--------7070707070707070OOOOOOOOC for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and C for 24 hours and

finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis. finally ground for analysis.

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PREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLESPREPARATION OF SAMPLES

10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl 10g of dried fish meat sample and 25ml ethyl

acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were acetate was added in it. Extraction flasks were

kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55 kept out in Shaker for two hours at 55

cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and cycles/min. The extract was filtered and

evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.evaporated using rotary evaporator.

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RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS

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TableTableTableTableTableTableTableTable--------1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (1: Analysis of variance for concentration (ppmppmppmppmppmppmppmppm) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of

peticidepeticidepeticidepeticidepeticidepeticidepeticidepeticide residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of residues, in the flesh of two weight categories of

farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild farmed and wild CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method. determined by HPLC method.

1.371.371.371.371.371.371.371.37335335335335335335335335TotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotalTotal

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06288288288288288288288288ErrorErrorErrorErrorErrorErrorErrorError

34.86**34.86**34.86**34.86**34.86**34.86**34.86**34.86**0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.081111111111111111P x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WCP x FW x WC

2.562.562.562.562.562.562.562.56NSNSNSNSNSNSNSNS0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.00111111111FW x WCFW x WCFW x WCFW x WCFW x WCFW x WCFW x WCFW x WC

11.88**11.88**11.88**11.88**11.88**11.88**11.88**11.88**0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.031111111111111111P x WCP x WCP x WCP x WCP x WCP x WCP x WCP x WC

1.911.911.911.911.911.911.911.91NSNSNSNSNSNSNSNS0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.0011111111Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories Weight Categories (WC)(WC)(WC)(WC)(WC)(WC)(WC)(WC)

62.24**62.24**62.24**62.24**62.24**62.24**62.24**62.24**0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.151111111111111111P x FWP x FWP x FWP x FWP x FWP x FWP x FWP x FW

16.11**16.11**16.11**16.11**16.11**16.11**16.11**16.11**0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.00411111111Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)Farmed x Wild (FW)

436.39*436.39*436.39*436.39*436.39*436.39*436.39*436.39*********

0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.091.041.041.041.041.041.041.041.041111111111111111Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)Pesticides (P)

F. ValueF. ValueF. ValueF. ValueF. ValueF. ValueF. ValueF. ValueM.S.M.S.M.S.M.S.M.S.M.S.M.S.M.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.D.F.D.F.D.F.D.F.D.F.D.F.D.F.D.F.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.S.O.V.

** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non** = Highly significant (P<0.01) NS = Non--------significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05) significant (P>0.05)

HPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyHPLC = High Performance Liquid ChromatographyDo n

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TableTableTableTableTableTableTableTable--------2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (2: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (ppmppmppmppmppmppmppmppm) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of pesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of farepesticide residues in the flesh of two weight categories of fared d d d d d d d CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC.

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006Total meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal mean

0.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.14±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 CCCCCCCC0.120.120.120.120.120.120.120.12±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 ffffffff0.170.170.170.170.170.170.170.17±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 ccccccccIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturon

0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.09±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 FFFFFFFF0.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13±±0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.007 efefefefefefefef0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljklCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfan

0.0240.0240.0240.0240.0240.0240.0240.024±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 KLKLKLKLKLKLKLKL0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 nopnopnopnopnopnopnopnop0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03±±0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn

CypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrin

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 HIHIHIHIHIHIHIHI0.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 ghghghghghghghgh0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.007 nopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphos

0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN

0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq

0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq

MalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathion

0.1640.1640.1640.1640.1640.1640.1640.164±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 BBBBBBBB0.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.16±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd0.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.16±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoate

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 GGGGGGGG0.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.07±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 ijijijijijijijij0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 ijijijijijijijijParathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion methylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethyl

0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 JKJKJKJKJKJKJKJK0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 lmlmlmlmlmlmlmlmDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinon

0.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.11±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 EEEEEEEE0.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 hihihihihihihihi0.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.15±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 dedededededededeCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuran

0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 IJIJIJIJIJIJIJIJ0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005 opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq0.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 hihihihihihihihiMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophos

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0004MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN

0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.007±±0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0004 pqpqpqpqpqpqpqpq0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.0003opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq

P, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, P’’’’’’’’--------DDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDT

0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 LMLMLMLMLMLMLMLM0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 nopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfan aaaaaaaa

MeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMean±±S.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.E........WWWWWWWW22222222WWWWWWWW11111111PesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticides

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TableTableTableTableTableTableTableTable--------3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (3: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (ppmppmppmppmppmppmppmppm) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild pesticides residues in flesh of two weight categories of wild CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC.

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0590.0590.0590.0590.0590.0590.0590.059±±0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006Total meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal mean

0.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 DDDDDDDD0.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.16±±0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008 cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.09±±0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008 ggggggggIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturon

0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001±±0.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.0007 pqpqpqpqpqpqpqpq0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopqCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfan0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 LLLLLLLL0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 nopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopq0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmnCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrin0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006 JJJJJJJJ0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005 mnomnomnomnomnomnomnomno0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005 ijkijkijkijkijkijkijkijkChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphos0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.00050.00050.00050.00050.00050.00050.00050.0005 nopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopqnopq0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 pqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathion0.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.14±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 CCCCCCCC0.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 ffffffff0.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.15±±0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.003 cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoate

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 GHGHGHGHGHGHGHGH0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 jkljkljkljkljkljkljkljkl0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 jkjkjkjkjkjkjkjkParathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion methylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethyl

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 GHGHGHGHGHGHGHGH0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 ijkijkijkijkijkijkijkijk0.0510.0510.0510.0510.0510.0510.0510.051±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 klklklklklklklklDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinon0.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.21±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 AAAAAAAA0.230.230.230.230.230.230.230.23±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 aaaaaaaa0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.003 bbbbbbbbCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuran0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00±±0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 NNNNNNNN0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00±±0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 oooooooo0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00±±0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 ooooooooMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophos

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.0003MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN

0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0004 opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopq0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006±±0.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.0003 pqpqpqpqpqpqpqpqP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, P’’’’’’’’--------DDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDT0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001MNMNMNMNMNMNMNMN0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001±±0.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.00070.0007 pqpqpqpqpqpqpqpq0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 opqopqopqopqopqopqopqopqEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfan aaaaaaaa

MeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMean±±S.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.E........WWWWWWWW22222222WWWWWWWW11111111PesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticides

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TableTableTableTableTableTableTableTable--------4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (4: Comparison of means (±SE) of concentration (ppmppmppmppmppmppmppmppm) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of ) of pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild pesticides residues in flesh of farmed and wild CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalaas determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC. as determined by HPLC.

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004Total meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal meanTotal mean

0.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13±±0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.007 CCCCCCCC0.130.130.130.130.130.130.130.13±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 dddddddd0.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.14±±0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009 ccccccccIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturonIsoproturon

0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 EEEEEEEE0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn0.090.090.090.090.090.090.090.09±±0.0150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0150.0150.015 ffffffffCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfanCarbosulfan

0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 FFFFFFFF0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 llllllll0.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.02±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 klklklklklklklklCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrinCypermethrin

0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006 EEEEEEEE0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006 IIIIIIII0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 hihihihihihihihiChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphosChlorpyriphos

0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.0006GGGGGGGG

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.0090.009±±0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn

MalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathionMalathion

0.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.15±±0.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.0030.003 BBBBBBBB0.140.140.140.140.140.140.140.14±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 cccccccc0.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.16±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 bbbbbbbbDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoateDimethoate

0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.0001DDDDDDDD0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 ghghghghghghghgh0.060.060.060.060.060.060.060.06±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 ggggggggParathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion Parathion methylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethylmethyl

0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 EEEEEEEE0.050.050.050.050.050.050.050.05±±0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002 ghghghghghghghgh0.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.03±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 jkjkjkjkjkjkjkjkDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinonDiazinon

0.160.160.160.160.160.160.160.16±±0.0110.0110.0110.0110.0110.0110.0110.011 AAAAAAAA0.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.21±±0.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.004 aaaaaaaa0.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.11±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 eeeeeeeeCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuranCarbofuran

0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.002±±0.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.0070.007 FFFFFFFF0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00±±0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 nnnnnnnn0.040.040.040.040.040.040.040.04±±0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01 ijijijijijijijijMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophosMethamidophos

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.0003GGGGGGGG

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0004mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn

0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.0080.008±±0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0004mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn

P, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, PP, P’’’’’’’’--------DDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDT

0.100.100.100.100.100.100.100.10±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001 GGGGGGGG0.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.0050.005±±0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.001mnmnmnmnmnmnmnmn0.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01±±0.00140.00140.00140.00140.00140.00140.00140.0014 lmlmlmlmlmlmlmlmEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfanEndosulfan aaaaaaaaMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMeanMean±±S.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.ES.E........WWWWWWWW22222222WWWWWWWW11111111PesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticidesPesticides

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

�� The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide The composition of total pesticide

concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild concentration in farmed and wild CirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhinaCirrhina

mrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigalamrigala has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration has shown that the total concentration

was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to was highest in farmed fish as compared to

wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated wild fish. This might be due to contaminated

supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to supplemented artificial feed ingredients due to

spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides. spray of various pesticides and insecticides.

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THANKSTHANKSTHANKSTHANKSTHANKSTHANKSTHANKSTHANKS

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