Huong Dan Su Dung CropWat43

Sch hng dn s dng CropWat for Windows Tin s Derek Clarke Trng i hc Southampton

Phin bn 4.2.0013 Thng 10 nm 1998 Pht trin bi : Derek Clarke : thit k chng trnh, kim tra, nghin cu ti liu. Martin Smith : gii thut v xy dng chng trnh. Khaled El - Askari : lp trnh Dch v b sung :

Triu nh Ngc

Lu hnh ni b Tp. H Ch Minh 12/2005

Lp k hoch ti cho v ma

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Mc lcLi ng ..................................................................................................................................4 Phn 1 : Nhng quy c c s dng trong cun sch ny ...................................................7 Phn 2 : Ci t CropWat for Windows v giao din ngi dng ...........................................8 Giao din ngi dng v h thng trnh n .......................................................................8 Phn 3 : Nhng trnh t thc hin chng trnh .................................................................9 1. Thc n chnh...........................................................................................................9 2. Cng c Toolbar .........................................................................................................9 3. Ca s Tnh trng D liu.........................................................................................10 Phn 4 : Nhng d liu cn thit cho tnh ton......................................................................12 Nhng d liu no cn thit cho nhng s tnh ton?........................................................12 Phn 5: Menu tu chn chnh trong CropWat for Windows ..................................................17 1. Menu File .....................................................................................................................17 2. Menu Inputdata ............................................................................................................17 3. Menu Schedule.............................................................................................................18 3.1 Tu chn Schedule Criteria ( chng trnh chun) ................................................19 3.2 Thit lp nhng kt hoch ca ring bn: ................................................................20 4. Menu Tables v Graphs ................................................................................................21 4.1 V d v bng kh hu CLIMATE..........................................................................22 4.2 V d v biu kh hu CLIMATE GRAPHS.....................................................22 4.3 In th ..................................................................................................................24 4.4 V d v bng cc trn ma Rainfall.......................................................................25 4.5 V d v bng yu cu lng nc ma v Crop Water Requirement Table........26 ngha d liu trong mi ct : .........................................................................................27 4.6 Biu lng nc yu cu ma v Crop Water Requirements Graphs .............28 4.7 Mu v ma Crop Patterns ...................................................................................29 4.8 V d v bng sp xp k hoch ti nc Irrigation Scheduling ..........................33 4.9 Lu tr v in n bng k hoch dng nc..............................................................35 4.10 th k hoch ti nc Irrigation Scheduling Graphs ...................................37 4.11 Vic ti nc khng ti u Non Optimal Irrigation..........................................38 4.12 Ngi dng nh ngha vic ti nc User defined Irrigations..........................39 4.13 Tu chn biu k hoch Schedule Graph ........................................................39 5. Menu Save Report ........................................................................................................40 6. Menu Options thanh i phng php tnh ton, th mc mc nh, m thanh..............41 7. Menu tr gip Help ......................................................................................................43


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Cc mc ci tin (ADVANCED SECTION).........................................................................44 A. Hoch nh nhng k hoch.........................................................................................44 B. Ngi dng nh ngha vic ti nc .........................................................................44 V d v vic thm cc gi tr vo k hoch dng nc.....................................................45 C. S thm su v thm mao qun : xc nh bi ngi dng ...........................................48 Ch khi ngi dng hiu chnh v nh ngha vic ti nc.........................................49 D. Xut file kt qu sang bng biu ..................................................................................50 Phn 6 : Bi ton v d minh ho ..........................................................................................51


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Nhm phc v qu trnh hc tp, trau di ting Anh v ngnh k thut ti nguyn nc v nng cao nng lc t hc, t nghin cu trang b cho mnh vn kin thc su rng lm hnh trang tin ti mt nn kinh t tri thc v ton cu ho. Chnh v nhng l do , sch Hng dn s dng phn mm CropWat for Windows l kt qu ca qu trnh tham gia nghin cu ti khoa hc v Tnh ton ti u nhu cu nc cho cy trng. Cung sch Hng dn s dng phn mm CropWat for Windows ny l ti liu tham kho b ch cho sinh vin, k s cc ngnh Thu Nng, Thu Cng ca trng i hc Thu li v cc ngnh c lin quan trong cng tc nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng trnh. V ni dung, c c gng chn lc a vo nhng quan im phn tch, tnh ton i din, cc h s kinh nghim xt thy ph hp vi iu kin t nhin nc ta. Trong cc chng trnh ng dng thit k, ch yu a ra nhng nhn xt theo kinh nghim s dng ca bn thn, nhng iu ng ch khi s dng cng thc. V bin son ln u, cun sch khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, mong cc bn c gp nhn xt ni dung cun sch ln sau c hon chnh hn. c gi mun tm hiu su thm v chng trnh ny, xin lin h viKS : Triu nh Ngc Tel : 0908.211.845 Email : [email protected] vit


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Hng dn s dng CropWat for Windows

CropWat for Windows l mt chng trnh s dng theo phng php Penman Monteith FAO ( 1992) tnh ton s s bc thot hI nc chun. Nhng nh gi ny l nhng s tnh ton c s dng trong vic gieo trng nc vi nhng yu cu v s ti nc hoch nh. Nhng phng php FAO phin bn c hn c xut bn vo 1977 c khuyn co khng cn chun xc thng qua nh gi s bc thot hi nc. Chng trnh s dng cng phng php lun Penman Monteith nh nhng phin bn 5.7 v 7.0 . ng thi d liu s dng trong file CLIMATE v LIMWAT cng c s dng trong CROPWAT for Windows. Chng trnh s dng mt h thng trnh n linh hot, v s dng giao din ha. Nhng giao din th d liu vo ( kh hu, gieo trng mu) v nhng kt qu ( Yu cu lng nc trong gieo trng, s thiu ht m trong t) C th c v v in mt cch d dng. Nhng ma v mu phc tp c th c thit k vi nhiu ma v c gieo trng so le nhng ngy thng vi nhau. Chng trnh s dng mt kiu giao din ca s Windows vi h thng trnh n " xung ", V Mt " Thanh cng c " ti nh ca mn nh chnh. Ti trnh n chnh ny cho bn nhiu mn nh mc vo v kt qu d liu c truy nhp thng xuyn nht. ng thi, lgic chng trnh khng phi i theo mt khung kh cng rn truyn thng. Bn c th chn bt k tit mc trnh n no hoc kch vo bt k nt no trong trnh n nt (Tool bar).

CropWat for Windows s dng cng phng trnh trong CROPWAT 7.0, nhng c vis khc nhau gia nhng h thng trnh n v nhng kiu s tnh ton cho php ton. Vi phng php php ni suy c s dng linh ng hn vi nhng phng php m c s dng trong CROPWAT 7.0 v nh vy nhng s tnh ton c th thnh thong sai khc ln trn gn ti 2 %. Bn s c nhng s khc nhau ln hn nu Bn thay i nhng phng php php ni suy t nhng s thiu. Nhng s khc nhau chnh gia CROPWAT 7.0 v CropWat for Windows : - CropWat for Windows s dng nhng th v nhng mu (dng) trnh by nhng kt qu. Bn s khng nhn thy bt k nhng kt qu no cho n khi Bn la chn mt Bng hoc mt th. - CropWat for Windows c th gii quyt bi s gieo trng ln trn ti 30 vng gieo trng trong mt mu t canh tc. Tuy nhin, nhng v ma ny c gi thit ti cng tn ti trong cng l t. - Chng trnh c th tnh ton cho nhng khi ring l ca mi v ma. Bn c th la chn b chu k qut cho nhng kt qu nh l: hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng. - Mu v nhng th trng v en c th c in thng qua qun l tiu chun in ca Windows.


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- Bn c th lu mt " h s kch bn hoch nh " m nh nhng tp tin d liu hin thi cho d n ca bn tin cho vic m li v sau. - CropWat for Windows ch s dng d liu kh hu hng thng, trong khi m CROPWAT 7.0 c th s dng d liu hng ngy v d liu hng thng. - CropWat for Windows cho php nhng s kin ti nc do ngi dng nh ra cng vi ty chn thm nhng s iu chnh vo s thiu ht m trong t c tnh ton. iu ny cung cp cho mt ta cng c linh hot qun l lm tng m trong thi gian ma ang gia tng. - CropWat for Windows hin nay cha h tr mnh nhng yu cu nc ma v cho la go.


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1. Nhng ty chn Trnh n m c th c la chn s dng con chut t trnh n chnh nh mn nh lun lun c t m trong cun sch ny. Chng hn, xem mt bng (Tables) ca yu cu nc v ma (Crop water requirements), Bn cn kch chut ln nhng Table ti nh (ca) mn nh ri sau xut hin menu xung, bn kch chut vo CWR. Thao tc ny s c vit tt trong cun sch ny l Tables, CWR 2. CWR : vit tt cho s c lc lng nc yu cu ca ma v. ( mm / ngy). 3. SMD : vit tt cho s thiu ht m t ( mm). 4. ETo :l s bc thot hi nc chun (mm/ngy), tnh ton s dng theo FAO Phng trnh Penman Montieth, khng phi l phng trnh Penman c sa cha FAO.

Thng tin b sung c th cng c tm thy trn ngi phc v mng Internet FAO ti: HTTP: // WWW.FAO.ORG / AG / AGL / AGLW / WCROP.HTM


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Cropwat 4.3 b nh yu cu 1.5MB ci t thng thng nh cc phn mm khc, c s dng min ph. H tr pht trin bi FAO.

Giao din ngi dng v h thng trnh n CROPWAT cho mn nh trnh n (thc n) chnh Windows xut hin nh di y:

1 : thanh thc n chnh vi nhng Thc n ko xung. H thng thc n dn ti nhng mu (dng) mc vo v kt qu d liu. Trong vi trng hp c vi cch khng thng qua h thng thc n ti cng mu (dng) nhng kt qu. 2 : Thanh cng c Toolbar, cho php truy nhp nhng ty chn thc n c s dng thng xuyn nht. Cc nt biu tng ca thanh Toolbar cho php bn thng ti nhng ca s mc vo d liu m khng s dng nhng ty chn thc n bng cch click ln cc nt biu tng. 3 : Cc bng thng bo, thng tin cho bn v nhng s tnh ton hin thi. 4 : ca s Tnh trng D liu. Ca s ny hin th nhng thng tin hin thi v nhng h s ang s dng. Nhn p m ca s v bn s nhn thy tm lc nhng h s ang s dng v d liu no cn b sung no thc hin nhng s tnh ton nht nh.


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Khng ging CROPWAT 5.7, chng trnh c mt h thng thc n " m " vi iu ny bn c th lm gn nh bt c ci g trong bt k th t no. R rng nu bn khng vo bt k d liu kh hu no th ETo s khng c tnh ton v bn khng th tnh ton c nhng yu cu nc v ma.

1. Thc n chnh" Trnh t chng trnh " chnh lm vic thng qua nhng ty chn thc n dc theo nh ca mn nh :

a) Trc ht bn nhp d liu ( hoc c th s dng trnh n File, Input Data). b) Tip theo bn nh ngha hoch nh tiu chun ca ring bn ( s dng trnh n Schedule, Criteria). c) Nhng kt qu c th c nhn thy trong mu xp thnh bng hoc th (nhng trnh n Tables, Graphs). d) Bn c th ct gi nhng kt qu vo trong nhng file ASCII Vi SaveReport, Sn sng cho s in n.

2. Cng c ToolbarBn cng c th truy nhp nhng ca s mc vo d liu bng cch s dng nhng biu tng trn Toolbar. Nhng Nt Toolbar c nhm li vo trong nhng tp hp nhng biu tng lin quan.

Trong khi bn lm vic vi chng trnh, bn c th dng n nh cch trnh n tu chn. Nu bn khng c chut, h thng trnh n c th c kch hot vi bn phm trong Windows cch thng thng : kch hot thc n chnh, nhn ALT. Nhng thc n c th ri c s dng vi con tr v nhng phm (ln, xung, tri, phi), hoc nhn thm nhng phm c gch chn.Lp k hoch ti cho v ma

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3. Ca s Tnh trng D liu

gip bn bit rng d liu no ang c thc hin c hin th trn ca s trng thi Windows Data Status Windows. Ca s trng thi ny l mt bng tng kt d liu hin thi ang s dng v cng cho thy nhng d liu bn cn vo d liu tnh ton nhng yu cu hoc mt hoch nh ti nc ca v ma. m ca s tnh trng d liu Data Status Windows , kch vo biu tng tnh trng d liu nm trn thanh Toolbar cng c. Biu tng xut hin gc tri di ca mn nh khi chng trnh bt u. Nu bn mun theo di qu trnh nhp d liu th nhn p ln biu tng ny, bn s thy mt danh sch d liu no c th c vo trong chng trnh v nhng nhu cu no s c vo thc hin tnh ton. Trong c s ny cho php bn quan st s c thay i d liu trong qu trnh nhp vo. iu ny s gip bn theo di ci g ang din ra. Bng bn di l ci m bn nhn thy khi chng trnh bt u - khng c d liu no c vo, v vy CWR v chng trnh khng th tnh ton c.

bn di tnh trng d liu thay i. Vi tp hp d liu c c t nhng file s liu v mt vi s liu khc c nhp vo t bn phm. Ch rng trn dng cui cng ca bng ( Can Calculate Now?) cho thy rng yu cu dng nc v ma c th c tnh ton, nhng mt chng trnh khng th c tnh ton v tiu chun lp lch trnh ( s lng, s tnh ton thi gian) c khng c vo bi ngi dng:


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Ghi ch : nhng tn tp tin trong bng trn c s dng trong nhng v d trong phn cn li ca cun sch ny. Bn c th mun ti nhng h s ny v i theo nhng v d trong cun sch ny. Ni m v ma Ng c gieo trng t ng 3/3, bao trm 100 % din tch canh tc. Nhng file trn c cung cp nhp d liu vo bng cch dng cc trnh n tu chn File, Retrieve. ETo s c tnh ton s dng d liu kh hu sao cho khng c nhu cu tm li nhng d liu ETo. Nhng mu v ma c nhp vo bng bn phm .InputData, Crops, Cropping pattern, Enter/Modify.


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CropWat for Windows s dng d liu hng thng nh gi s bc thot hi nc. Dliu ny c sp xp t nhng d liu hng ngy. Cc trn ma hng thng c chia ct bi nhng cn ma bo mi thng. Sau y l bng lit k nhng d liu yu cu cho nc v ma v nhng tnh ton hoch nh. Nhng d liu no cn thit cho nhng s tnh ton?

tnh ton yu cu dng nc ca ma v ( CWR), bn cn: 1. Bng tham kho nhng gi tr s bc thot hi nc trong gieo trng ( ETo), c tnh ton t - Nhng gi tr o c c nhp vo trc tip t bn phm s dng InputData,

Eto.- Hoc nhng gi tr tnh ton ETo s dng phng trnh Penman - Monteith. ETo c t ng tnh ton khi bn nhp vo d liu kh hu hng thng ( Nhng nhit (Temporatures), m (humidity), tc gi(windspeed), s gi nng(sunshine)). D liu c th c nhp vo t bn phm s dng InputData, Climate, Enter/Modify hoc c th c nhp vo t cc file d liu inputData, Climate, Enter/Modify Bn c th s dng nhng file tp tin c sn dng *. PEN trong th mc c s d liu CLIMWAT nhng lm iu ny Bn phi thay i kiu h s t *. PEM thnh *. PEN thun tin cho vic khI ph d liu sau ny. ( i ui tp tin) 2. Mu v ma (m hnh v ma) gm c: - Mt hay nhiu tp tin v ma v ngy gieo trng. lm iu ny, s dng nhng ty chn thc n: InputData, Crops, CroppingPattern. Ghi ch : ty chn InputData, Crops, CropCoefficeints c cung cp son tho cc file h s gieo trng(*. CRO). Vic thit lp mt file d liu h s gieo trng c cung cp trong th mc C:\CROPWATW\CROPS. 3. D liu nhng trn ma hng thng - D liu v cc trn ma khng phI l cn thit tuyt i ( v d c nhiu vng thuc Ai cp khng c ma). Nhng n nn c s dng nu lng ma trong trong ma pht trin gia tng. S dng InputData, Rainfall nhp d liu.


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Bn c th s dng nhng file s liu dng *.CLI trong th mc c s d liu CLIMWAT nhng nhp c d liu t file phi thay i file t *. CRM thnh *. CLI thun tin cho vic ph hi li d liu gc.

thit lp k hach ti nc bn phi cn nhng d liu trn v nhng ti liu sau y:4. Thng tin loi t - nhp thng tin v loi t s dng InputData, Soil. thit lp thng tin v cc mu loi t c cung cp trong th mc C:\CROPWATW\SOILS. 5. Vi nhng k hoc tiu chun ca bn chn Trn c s chng trnh s c tnh ton - Bn phi ch r c s trn s lp lch trnh s c thc hin ( v d 100 mm mi 14 ngy, hoc ti li cho t p ng c yu cu m t cho cy trng ang c s dng). iu ny c thc hin bng cnh tuy chn trnh n Schedule, Criteria. Nhp tt c cc d liu vo mt ln, CropWat for Windows s thc hin nhng s tnh ton cn thit. Bn khng cn kch vo mt lnh "Calculate" hoc "Run". Nu bn thay i bt k d liu no, chng trnh s t ng tnh ton li nhng kt qu. Bn xem kt qu tnh ton nh th no? Trn mn hnh: - Menu tu chn Tables s cho thy nhng bng d liu nhp v nhng kt qu tnh ton c. - Menu tu chn Graphs cho php bn phc ha d liu v nhng kt qu tnh ton c di dng th. lu sang file: - S dng ty chn SaveReport to ra file dng m ASCII (dng text) v nh dng l *. CSV in kt qu: - S dng chng trnh son tho vn bn in nhng file dng m ASCII to ra vi

SaveReport- Nhng th c th c in di dng nh, biu , s dng cc chng trnh qun l in n.


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Nhng th mc v cc tp tin d liu:1. Sau khi ci t xong, CropWat for Windows s to ra nhng th mc sau: C:\CROPWATW\CLIMATE - kh hu (*. PEN, *. PEM) v cc trn ma(*. CLI, *. CRM) C:\CROPWATW\CROPS v ma (*. CRO) C:\CROPWATW\SOILS d liu t (*. SOI, *. SOL) v mu v ma (*. CPT)

C:\CROPWATW\SCHEDULE lch d kin ( *. SNR), mc ti (*. IRR) V chnh sa bi ngi dng (*. ADJ) C:\CROPWATW\REPORTS xut file kt qu (*. TXT) 2. Trong qu trnh nh Windows thng th y cho php b CROPWAT 7.0 v CropWat for Windows. B m y ch o v m

Options, Default File Locations.

3. CropWat for Windows c th CROPWAT 5.7 v nh CROPWAT 5.7 v nh CROPWAT 5.7 file d Nh *. PEC) Nh ngy / 1 ngy *. CRC /*. CRD) CROPWAT 7.0 file d nh sLp k hoch ti cho v ma

ng thng CLIMWAT *. CLI le tr ng khng ph file 10 ngy file 10

ng khng ph

file h14

c

CROPWAT 5.7.

4. Hy c nh CLIMWAT, ch tr a) :

- CropWat for Windows tm ki *. PEN ( d

Hnh trn cho th vi c khi ph c t tin d 5. Nh

thay

o trong

a. trong CropWat for Windows ho in m "m

File *. CRO c CROPWAT 5.7 khng th CROPWAT 7.0. v cc gi tr g n th


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6. CropWat for Windows v CROPWAT 7.0 s ng ki v .CRO. N a v CROPWAT 5.7, th b o trong CROPWAT 7.0 ho for Windows.

a

CropWat


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1. Menu File

Retrieve Save Configurationli

-T -L

p tin d

- Cho php b

nh

Text Editor

- Cho php xem v in k ASCII .

nh nh

Windows calculator - Kitnh ton c

Exit - Thot kh CropWat for Windows. File, Retrieve v File, Save cho php b2. Menu Inputdata

Climatetnh ton ETo

nh

o d

n

ETo

- Vo nh ETo hng thng (c

nh

Rainfall Cropsh

- Vo d - Vo m - Vo d cho php hi o d cc file. Tu n c o d a gieo tr d

Soil Data statusWindows

Nh y ch y cho php b entry Windows) hay t File/Retrieve hay File/Save. Ch

InputData, Climate, Retrieve ho

File, Retrieve, Climate Data.


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Nhng ghi ch : 1. B Nh 2. Nh

nh *. CLI ho

nh *.PEN.

InputData, Crops, CroppingPattern. V c th InputData, Crops, CropCoefficients nn nh a vy s y ch Khi d ty ch n th y ch

Tables ho

Graphs .

3. Menu Schedule Menu Schedule cho php b qu y, t Schedule, Criteria.

nh t b nhm

Criteria (tiu chu Scenario ( Kcc file d

- Tnh ton th

Recalculate - Tnh ton l Irrigations Vid n

n -

User Adjustments - Nhng cu Tr lo ng * * Nhn th y cho nhi nh no b

Advance " trongnhu c u n c c th h nh s u" i

Schedule, Criteria. N

Ok vv b ty ch


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3.1 Tu

Schedule Criterian ch

nh chunh tn. Nh y thng gieo tr v m o b ng ph. n d v 0% sau vi

CropWat for Windows cho php bngh b ng s khng c m u " vi t

APPLICATION TIMING -Tnh ton th s o t c khng bao gi

v

a

APPLICATION DEPTH - Chio ho ru


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START OF SCHEDULING -Bb gieo tr a.

nh : B ng m

b y thng

INITIAL SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS t m y s

InputData, Soil, Enter / Modify.

3.2 ThiCropWat for Windows cung c ton m nh t B vn nh

ng b

Application TimingB nhi

o v

Application DepthM u chu nh hi l s thLp k hoch ti cho v ma

nh s

y thng v m

Tables, Irrigation Schedule, hong

Graphs,Irrigation ScheduleVi M

CropWat for Windows l khnh20

nh

o nh y ch

nh

y cho php b d a

Schedule,Irrigations,Save User Adjustments.4. Menu Tables v Graphs Nh

Schedule,

y cho php b n th u c a v l th :d :d : nh o v k

nh nh. on:

o v k

Menu Tables

Climate & ETo Rainfallhi u qu .

o & tnh ton ETo. o & tnh ton tr n m a c u c a.

CWR

Irrigation Schedule : Vi

Menu Graphs

hi - nhi -s -s

o v k

nh ton: theo

Climate & EToPenman - Monteith.

Cropping Pattern CWR Irrigation Schedule

u c (m c t i).

a, IWR, ETo

Cc menu Tables v Graphs c

n thanh cng c

- bi - bi

Climate, CWR v Schedule. Climate, Rainfall, Crop Pattern, CWR v

Scheduling


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4.1 V dB h n d ng thng c

CLIMATEs a v y. nh

Nh Penman Monteith FAO 1992 v c Nh y s

n b

B th

y v

ASCII b

Report. File ny b

File, TextEditor.

4.2 V d

CLIMATE GRAPHS gi tr

Graphs, Climate hophc h b n cc m nh m

n thanh cng c i y

Print.


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B

Options,

CalculationMethods, ETo Distribution Model.

y, ng ng thng xem gi tr s y ch Linear Distribution at ands of the month ". V n s khc nhau d ho ph n d nh.

ng ngy


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th h

o nt Print s

Printertrang gi

- cho php b ki - cho php b - cho php b font ch o m y s n

Review Fontc

Color Print php b


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4.4 V dB y s thng v tr a c hi

Rainfall Tables, Rainfall. N li ton b a hng

Ch

Graphs, Rainfall th d

click vo nt Effective trong b cch Options, Calculation Methods, Effective Rainfall. Ch rng trong tnh ton lng nc yu cu ma v v hoch nh k hoch, ton b trn ma hng thng c nhp vo di dng cc gi tr trn ma hng ngy. CropWat for Windows thc hin cng vic ny thng qua 2 bc: Bc 1: u tin cc trn ma t thng ny n thng khc c nhp vo bng d liu mt


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cch lin tc v x l s b. Cc d liu th th dng ngy khc c vut cong trn lin tc gia cc ma thay i khc nhau. V s thay i gia ma ma v ma kh rt ln. ( s dng Options, Calculation Methods v Graphs, Rainfall) Bc 2: Tip theo chng ta phi gi thit rng c mt cn bo (ma cng ln) trong thng. Cn bo ny khng ging vi cc trn ma dng lin tc ri rc trong mi thng. CropWat for Windows gi thit rng nhng trn ma hng thng c 6 cn bo, n xy ra c mi 5 ngy. Bn c th thay i s lng cn bo ma vi Options, Calculation

Methods, Rainfall, Rainfall Aggregation.

4.5 V dB y li m v hi t

u c

a v Crop Water Requirement Tablea trong m

Tables, CWR.. By vi

Trong b -V -M (lu - Th b - Hi vi c th

n b o trong m ng (lu

: a v a ( gi 1 ngy.Theo m y r 10 ngy. 70 ng b b yc ng

o nh

mnh yu c


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ngha d liu trong mi ct :

Date- Ngy thng b nh o trn b

ETo-s chu n theo milimt / th

Crop Area- Vng gieo tr

Crop Kc- nh b nh n gi tr nh qun h suy tuy a ch ng, th gi tr a. Ch r v h

CWRu c ETo * CropKc

Total and Effective Rainfall- Tr a c hi Ton ph t

Irrig. Req-M u c a v

FWS-h lin t hi mc vung th cung c n b y [ 0.72 ] l gi tr a v nh y trong su


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4.6 Bi0

u cu c

a v Crop Water Requirements Graphsa v m u c

tu

Options, CWR ho

CWR trong Thanh cng c


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a tnh b 2 : vng ny bi tnh b y. Bi v t 3 : vng th khc nhau gi u c nh d a l CWR s u c . y. S a v r ng gieo tr u bi n ng gieo tr

4.7 M

a Crop Patternsa. M -100 %). a c th a hi ng ring trong nh u c n t a v a, ngy thng

CropWat for Windows c thn 30 v gieo tr di M v

Graphs, CroppingPattern ho

CroppingPatterns trn thanh cng c


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Hnh trn y l v ng th trn cho php b ma v M v a tr (tr n). V d nhau cnh nhau 10 ngy m

vo ngy 3 thng 3. Ma v tr n b

Options

nh

ng c th a ng n c th

y gieo tr ng gieo tr

n

InputData, CroppingPattern, Enter / Modify:


30

Khi b phc h B m

Next sn th n v a. y gieo tr u c a b

y cho php b

Hi ma c th

n th

a

Ch rng: CropWat for Windows trong tnh ton lng nc yu cu ma v s dng phng trnh: CWR = ( ETo * Kc * din tch gieo trng) ch khng phi l ( ETo * Kc) iu ny c ngha rng nh th CWR (mm/ngy) c th l t hn hn gi tr nh ETo khi din tch gieo trng t hn 100 % din tch gieo trng mu v ma. Bn c th xy dng mu v ma phc tp hn. CropWat for Windows s lun lun kim tra nu ton b vng gieo trng t hn 100 % v s khng cho php tnh ton n ht ton b din tch. Bi m a v y l 80 %. Ta nhn th

i


31

M a ph xy d nhau v yu c (h

a khc

Ch rng mc d th trn ch hin ra tng cc lng nc yu cu ca v ma. Nhng bng lng nc yu cu v ma c th cho hin th cho bn lng nc yu cu ca tng vng gieo trng CWR hoc v ma bng cch s dng thanh lit k ko xung nh ca bng. B yu c a v ng gieo tr

L ng.

ng gieo tr


32

4.8 V dB nh o v k nh s

Irrigation Schedulingu c n th qun nh ng tin cho b nh tr o ho n thi

CropWat for Windows s

M ub n th

nh t

-

Schedule, Criteria, Ok

B n th ngy 3 thng 3 t B ho a/ M B y c th

ng), gieo tr

Irrigation Scheduling) ng ngy (Daily Soil Moisture Balance) Irrigation Scheduling

y s


33

b) M

Daily Soil Moisture Balancenh tr y trong su ng yu c y. cc hi ng y gip cho b a. N r

B y hi ch gip b i b y khng ch th B ngy b cch linh ho

User definedng trong su nh sinh tr

ngh Data

Irrigation Schedule Table:

y thng trong ma

TAMy hi a (mm).

RAMy hi b h h a ( Kc) trong file MAIZE.CRO. a t y hi

RainL am y hi

Efct. RainTr a c th

ETcS c a v


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ETc / ETmT ng trong vi trong v a. m gi y r

SMDS gy hi

Irr intervKho ng x

Net IrrChi

Lost IrrL hay ch b

User AdjustS b S th php m t c nh o cc gi tr c a v o b a v o nh i a v ng c th

4.9 L

inng v u chu nh vv \CROPWATW\REPORTS , nh x o. y b

Click vo v a v y thng gieo tr m ASCII (*.txt) trong th v ch


35

CropWat for Windows cso

m b o bi nh so

nh

File,TextEditor hotrn thanh cng c v d trnh so

o ho


36

Irrigation Scheduling GraphsTy ch cng c ma v

Options, IrrigationSchedule honh s

o bi

trn thanh i


37

th

a hay c

ng (lu

ngh

a. a, vi u chu nh l : n n

Irrigation Timing : Irrigate When 100% of readily available moisture occurs(Tnh ton thi gian ti nc : ti cho n khi t 100 % m sn c thc t ca t)

Application Depth: refill to 100% of readily available moisture(Chiu su ng dng : d tr ti 100 % m sn c thc t ca t) V th n b u th h n b s n trn

Chi

Application Depth c nghn ton khng c m o.

4.11 ViTa so snh, Vi v

Non Optimal Irrigationo cng ma u chu

Irrigation Timing : Irrigate at fixed intervals of 21 days. Tnh ton thi gian ti nc :Ti trong khong thi gian c nh 21 ngy mt ln. Application Depth : Fixed depth of 70mm net irrigation Chiu su ng dng ( s lng) :Ti mc chiu su c nh l 70mm trn h thng mi ln ti. Tc d l i chi tr u chu a v s y b n b a s nh . Ch l ta ph a. Trong


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User defined IrrigationsB ng b o. B ho vo, b s y. o m o "Nett Irr " . M h

Schedule, Criteria, Variable intervals and Variable Depths

4.13 TuB bi th Check box. nh a. B v

Schedule Graphi v n v a/ vng(lu a trong n b

Draw over


39

Tr Khi s

n v y ch

l o nt a c

Draw Over h

a th

Draw over

Redraw PrintC th a hay vng v

5. Menu Save Report Ty ch li k o file trong trnh M h c nh khc. Nh C:\CROPWATW\REPORTS. Nh *.TXT ( ASCII). Nh ASCII ho d a, M K nh h y.

InputData.m

S dng chng trnh son tho xem v in n kt quFile d ASCII c th40


trnh so

o ho

CropWat for Windows c c s th o File, TextEditor hocng c nh ny cho php b

nh s nh so n bi

m b n thanh

Khi kch ho nh so N s n hnh. B c th file ASCII ny b File, Retrieve v in file b File, Print. n hnh ch nh CropWat for Windows l File, Close and

return to CropWat6. Menu Options thanh i phng php tnh ton, th mc mc nh, m thanh

CropWat for Windowsy ch g trnh (Default File Locations).

Options trn thanh menu chnh, b calculation Methods

m

m thanh trn thanh cng c

Nhng khuyn co bn khng nn thay i bt k phng n chn mc nh no tr khi bn c kinh nghim trong vic s dng chng trnh ny. Nu thc s bn c kinh nghim, bn mun thay i nhng phng n chn mc nh, bn c th s dng Options, Save khi khi ng chng trnh CropWat for Windows n s ti nhng thit lp mc nh ca chnh bn.

Options, Default File Locationsd nh C:\CROPWAT7\CLI, C:\CROPWAT7\SOI vv... y ch

Options, Save. N th CropWat for Windows

xu

Options, Calculation Methods.


41

Nh Options, CalculationMethods, ETo - Cho php b cc ch nh Penman Monteith. - Cho php b ngy. Options, CalculationMethods, RainFall - Hi - Thi Options, CalculationMethods, Effective Rainfall - Cho php b nh tr ng thng sang ETo hng

Options, CalculationMethods, Scheduling - Tu x y c

Schedule, Criteriau c


42

7. Menu tr gip Help Menu ny cung c tin tr trnh th h ny b c cu trnh thao tc.

trnh, tuy y


43

A. Hoch nh nhng k hoch

k danh sch cc d m li nh m b in hi a, ki ti a, d

Schedule,Scenario, Save. File ny strong Cropwat for Windows : d B ng m t y s nh Nh 1. File k C:\CROPWATW\SCHEDULE 2. B m s d chu

Schedule, Scenario,ng vng vo ngy khc. kh h

Retrieve v ti

a

InputData,CroppingPattern, Save.3. File k ,l u chu u

Schedule, Criteria.

B. Ngi dng nh ngha vic ti nc m hnh vo m nh trong tiu chu b v Vi l vi nh t h h ng th cho. C th ng nh m m u chu nh t th u chu o

User defined

Schedule, Criteria, trong m Application Timing ch Irrigate at variable Intervals (user defined) (days)" v trong m Application depths ch variable depths


44

By gi

o m ng m

Irrigation Scheduling Table. Trong b Irrigation Scheduling Table khuy b n ch Daily soil moisture balances s vo.

ng b v nh tr o.

b

V d v vic thm cc gi tr vo k hoch dng nc Trong v d nh 2. M 3. Kho 1. L y chng ta s o ngy 1 thng 4 75 mm y ng: o ngy 3 thng 3 v

Schedule, Criteria v thi45

th


2. Hi

Tables, Schedule) v chh y s Vi ng n b h duy nh

Daily soil

moisture balance.3. B

Graphs, Irrigationo. ngh o. Th s o gi h vo gi su b .V -s n d a ny s 71.2 %

Schedule

4. Nh ngy 1 /4 trong b

o c Net Irr t u c o trong h kch n

Net depths of Application).o gi tr vo nt Ok. Lc ny CropWat for Windows s l a v s

6. CropWat for Windows by gi ton kho n ( 29Lp k hoch ti cho v ma

46

ngy t tnh ton l

n b th

ng

l 7. B nhi ngy. S Ch r

s

a v o nh a s

i l y thng sau trong v v s a, t s ng a b i o

Ch rng vic tnh ton trn khng tnh n bt k lng nc ngm chit no hoc s ng gp nc ngm nhng khu vc t m t.

v trong ma. Vi thi l n m i s gi a.

a v i vo

8. B

m

Schedule, Irrigation, Save. Nh nh y sau s Schedule, Irrigation, Retrieveth c 9. N 0. g nh nh t u chu nh, th m

o file d o trong my tnh u cung c a m


47

C. S thm su v thm mao qun : xc nh bi ngi dng (Capillary rise and percolation : user drffined) B trong b o m i nh c n c y thng b o ho trong : o c

User Adjust

User Adjust " trn b

V d S Trong v d 18.2 mm n gi

ng hi

o gi tr

8.2 mm ngy 11/3. ETcrop - UserAdjustment. v SMD s o gi tr m ng n b a th a. Tuy nhin, n

mm xu

o. S n 10.0 mm t u xanh l

B b xa b

o d d o tr tr m vo nh

InputData,

Rainfall, Clear).ng vo a file (*.ADJ) B m

Schedule, UserAdjustments, Save. Nh\CROPWATW\48

y *.ADJ. S


d d S hi vi cho nh

n cho php b u ny xem hi yu c u c y r n tr a v ngy gieo tr

s

CropWat for Windows khng bao gy, b l chi b nh so u y c v l ng ngy s m ch nh hi

nh pd y t (s n t ch n bi

g m ng tr -

ta ph i nh o nh ch nh trong ma gi nh

ngy. S o trong file . ADJ.

m vo nh y ring l u c y trong ma

Ch khi ngi dng hiu chnh v nh ngha vic ti nc

1. Khi b l ra m s vi ng no trong b 2. Cch khc, b

Irrigation, Retrieve, ch User defined u chu y vo s v nh ch y b g xa b ng nhau. ng vo b ng b u o l

nh s y s

Schedule,

UserAdjustements, Retreive tv dng, b ch trong m 3. Nh ki ho ch a v s hi k o nh o nh ng trong k a. tr s b nh s ng l kch o a ng cho t

a


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4. Khi b a khc hay m ho nh s khng xa b ng. ( gi dng c th nh vo t a v ng t

a trong b

, v v v

Schedule, recalculate.D. Xut file kt qu sang bng biu Nh b Nh k th

SaveReport, File Type, Comma delimited.


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Bi ton v d Bi ton ny v d r h nh a tr N xong v d i ton v cch khai thc cc k n m y cc b

HTTP: // WWW.FAO.ORG / AG / AGL / AGLW / WCROP.HTMa bi ton Nhp cc d liu cn thit 1. Nh Climate

1.1. Nh n b Cropwat ln. Climate Data. Lc ny xu c

nh File, Retrieve, o: Ch : khi nhp d liu bn phi nhp d liu theo th t t trn xung, nu khng d liu nhp ca bn trc trong b nh my s b xa

hi ph

o Retrieve, xu

Ch b Trong h y b vo Revious, Next

Ok, xu

OK d

o

h

tr

nh. Click


51

-

Qu

Sau khi ch gi tr in cc s Report. Khi hon t b OK.

Save. B

-

Thng Nhi Nhi T S

1.2. Nh li InputData Cch khc, vo InputData, Climate, Enter/Modify. C

2. Nh B o InputData,ETo,Enter/Modify , h Ch n nh s b gi tr

u c

h

o.


52

3. Nh Rainfall B o InputData, Enter/Modify. H

u c

o:

B nh file tr .CLI

tr

o cc thng, b Retrieve. Ch ng mnh, ch ph

4. Nh

a Crop Data

4.1 Nh a t a c s B o InputData, Crops, Crop Pattern, Enter/Modify, h

a b o Retrieve, ch a, b o Browse, ch li T phin khc nhau trong m a ra thnh cc vng lun Number of Staggered Block.

4.2. Nh a B o inputdata, crops, Crop coefficients, Enter/Modify, xu o. o cc gi tr

Ho ng b (trong v d y ch Trong m Planting nh y gieo tr 3/3. H y thu ho 11/7 (v l d ma ring cho b trnh by n.


53

5. Nh B o InputData, soil, enter/modify. H Vo Retrieve trong file. Ho gi tr o b (trong v d y ch Medium.SOI).

nh

- Tn lo - T - Ph -

o ho

6. Nh u chu o Vo Schedule, Criteria, xu

T h tiu chu Defined h (Khuy v ng b n.

u chu User

Khai thc k 7. Xem b B o Tables, Climate&ETo.

Report.


54

8. Xem k u c Vo Tables, CWR.

a Report

V

a

Vng gieo tr

Th

%hi

C y thng th C C C g bnh giai C C C C u c ru (ch : b trnh s

nh th a a (CWR , ETm)

u c

a v

onH u c

9. Xem b Vo Tables, Irrigation Schedule

a.

ma, gi su - K -

a

o ho hng ngy c


55

Data TAM RAMtnh b trong h

: : : h a ( Kc) trong file MAIZE.CRO. :L am a v y hi y hi a t

y thng trong ma a (mm). y hi y hi a c th

Rains

Efct. Rain : Tr ETcr a. :S ng trong vi :S : Kho : Chi :L

ETc / ETm : Tm gi y hi ng x

y

SMD Irr interv Net Irr Lost Irrb ch

User Adjust : So by cho php b 10. Xem bi k B o Graphs, Climate & ETo. T k

ng c th

o v

d Print

Items.


56

11. Xem bi B o Graphs, Rainfall. B

th

n thanh cng c

Bi th

nh

nh

12. Bi a Vo Graphs, Cropping Pattern

Trong v d tch v

y ch n b

ng

a nn ta s

13. Bi u c Vo Graphs, CWR nh ETo Bi yu c Bi yu cLp k hoch ti cho v ma

a

a

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14. Bi Vo Graphs, Irrigation Schedule

m

c

t

15. In k o Report V d in k o b


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