Homework P.86-7 exam style questions Order a heart from butchers for dissection pig, next week day =...
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Transcript of Homework P.86-7 exam style questions Order a heart from butchers for dissection pig, next week day =...
![Page 1: Homework P.86-7 exam style questions Order a heart from butchers for dissection pig, next week day = Pig/ox (big one) With atria and blood vessels on for.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649d9f5503460f94a89512/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Homework
• P.86-7 exam style questions
• Order a heart from butchers for dissection pig, next week day =
• Pig/ox (big one)• With atria and blood vessels on for dissection
please
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Work for Tuesday 20th p1 or p2bring weds/fri lesson
• Read p88-9 (heart structure)• Make a list of bullet points on this• Do red p89 and mark• Read P.91 Valves (only)• Make a list of bullet points on this • Complete heart worksheet (answers behind desk in
library, already there)
• Homework for week = start to revise for mock exam. BRING REVISION TO 27th WITH HEART
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3.1.4 Lung disease
FibrosisAsthma
Emphysema
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Syllabus points
• Describe the effects of fibrosis, asthma, and emphysema on lung function
• Explain symptoms of diseases and conditions affecting the lungs in terms of gas exchange and respiration
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What is asthma?Asthma is a chronic condition in which the airways occasionally narrow and become inflamed, limiting airflow.
Asthma causes difficulty breathing, wheezing and chest tightness, and can be mild or life-threatening.
Treatment is with bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or a combination of the two.
Asthma is triggered by a range of stimuli, such as allergens, dust, exercise, stress and infections.
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COPD: emphysemaEmphysema is a gradual breakdown of alveolar walls and damage to terminal bronchioles and alveolar capillaries.
This reduces the efficiency of gas exchange, causing chronic breathlessness and hyperventilation.
Using this photo of healthy lung tissue (left) and emphysema lung tissue (right), can you explain why gas exchange is less efficient in emphysema?
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Name the disease
1
2
3
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/lib/liInteractiveAnim/195/asthma_attack.swf
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/lib/liInteractiveAnim/205/salbutamol3.swf
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COPD
• ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease
• includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.• COPD leads to damaged airways in the lungs, causing
them to become narrower and making it harder for air to get in and out of the lungs.
• The word ‘chronic’ means that the problem is long-term.
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Diagnosing COPDThere is no one single test for COPD. Diagnosis depends on taking into account a patient’s risk factors (e.g. whether they smoke, their age), their symptoms and clinical tests.
Testing the patient’s lung function using spirometry is essential. It can determine whether there is airway obstruction and can help exclude the possibility of other respiratory diseases, such as asthma or lung cancer.
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Effect on lung function, gas exchange and respiration
Using cut out tabulate the information needed for each disease.
Include diagrams and examples where necessary
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Lung diseasesFibrosis Asthma Emphysema
What happens
Symptoms
Causes
Effect on lung function/gas exchange
Effect on respiration
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Disease fibrosis asthma emphysema
What happens
Scars thicken lung tissueDiffusion distance for gases increasedElasticity of alveoli reduced therefore difficult to breathe out so hard to maintain diffusion gradient
Localized allergic reactionHistamine released by bronchioles/bronchi causes airway lining to become inflamedMore mucus is secreted by the epithelial cellsMuscles around bronchioles contract to constrict airways
Lungs irreversibly damaged by smokeElastic tissue permanently strtched so alveoli not emptied properlyAlveoli burst so reduced surface area for gas exchange
Symptoms Short of breathChronic dry coughCough more to try to remove irritated lung tissuePain in chest due to tissue damageWeakness and fatigue – can’t get enough oxygen into the blood
Difficulty breathingWheezing soundsTight chestCough
Short of breathChronic coughBlue skin
Cause Unclear, microscopic lung injury/genetic susceptible
Genetic, air pollution, stress, chemicals in products, fewer allergens exposed to children
SmokingIndustrial e.g. mining
Effect on lung function
Reduced due to longer diffusion distance, reduced diffusion gradient
Resistance to air flow prevents concentration gradient being maintained
Reduced due to less surface area for gas exchange and reduced diffusion gradient as alveoli cannot empty efficiently
Effect on respiration
Less oxygen so less aerobic respiration in tissue. Less carbon dioxide taken away
Less oxygen so less aerobic respiration in tissue. Less carbon dioxide taken away
Less oxygen so less aerobic respiration in tissue. Less carbon dioxide taken away
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Peak flow meters
• Human biology text p.125• Using a sterilised mouthpiece measure
your own peak flow• Why do asthmatics use peak flow as a
measure of their disease?
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Plenary – which disease causes this effect?
1. Reduces surface area for gas exchange2. reduces diffusion gradient3. Less respiration in the tissues4. Scars in lung tissue5. Constricted bronchi6. Burst alveoli7. Dry Cough 8. Chronic cough9. Tight chest cough
1. Fibrosis,emphysema2. Fibrosis asthma3. All 34. Fibrosis5. Asthma6. Emphysema 7. Fibrosis 8. Emphysema 9. Asthma
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Determining lung function