History of American Education

7/29/2019 History of American Education

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History of American

EducationGroup E18_K39: Nguyen Hoang Anh

Ha Quynh TrangNguyen Thanh Van


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Outline

Colonial Education

Early National Education

19th Century Education 20th Century Education

21st Century Education - present
http://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_colonial.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_earlynat.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_19thC.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_20thC.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_20thC.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_19thC.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_earlynat.asphttp://www.chesapeake.edu/Library/EDU_101/eduhist_colonial.asp


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Colonial Education

The primary education for upper class children:

Reading Writing Simple math

Poems Prayers


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Colonial Education

Children of poor families: apprenticeships(3-10 years)


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Colonial Education

Paperand textbooks:scarce

Common books: Bible, a

primer, and a hornbook

A page from a Hornbook

Handle

The ABCs


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Colonial Education

The New England Primer

Rhymes for each letter The New England Primer


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Colonial Education

For boys For girls

School day: 7 a.m.

Breakfast: 9 a.m.

Dinner: 2 p.m. 5 p.m.

Tutors: Male

At home

Tutors: Governess


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Subjects:

Colonial Education

For boys For girls

Higher math, Greek, Latin, science,celestial navigation (navigating shipsby the stars), geography, history,fencing, social etiquette, and

plantation management

Basics: Reading, writing, andarithmetic to read their Bibles and beable to record household expenses

Important subjects: art, music, French,social etiquette, needlework, spinning,weaving, cooking, and nursing


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Colonial Education

The sons of a normalplanter: taught thebasics at home

The sons of wealthyplanters: sent toboarding schools inEngland for a higher

education

Not have theopportunity to go toEngland for higher

education


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Colonial Education

Dame school:

Tutor: A neighborhoodlady (a dame)

Subjects: letters (abc's),numbers, and prayers


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Colonial Education

District schools

Established in latterColonial years

Purpose: expandingeducation to morepeople

Subjects: reading,writing, and arithmetic

Keeney Schoolhousein Manchester, Connecticut
http://www.manchesterhistory.org/keeney_schoolhouse.htmhttp://www.manchesterhistory.org/keeney_schoolhouse.htmhttp://www.manchesterhistory.org/keeney_schoolhouse.htmhttp://www.manchesterhistory.org/keeney_schoolhouse.htmhttp://www.manchesterhistory.org/keeney_schoolhouse.htm


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Colonial Education

Old Schoolhouse, Mt. Holly, NJ
http://www.colonialdamesnj.org/schoolhouse.htmlhttp://www.colonialdamesnj.org/schoolhouse.html


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Many children are taught to read and writeat home

By the 1750s, literacy rates:

the New England colonies: highest (males:75%; females: 65%)

the Middle and Southern colonies: lower Wealthy children had a private tutor

(always a man)


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For boys

grammar school andsometimes college

Older boys: learn tobecome shopkeepers orcraftsmen by working withand watching an adult

For girls

Never

Instead : cooking, sewing,

and serving an elegantmeal.

Some were sent toteachers to learn: singing,playing a musicalinstrument, proper andpolite manners,etc


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The Revolution War occurred ( 1775-1783)

an emphasis was put on education

the US achieved one of the highestliteracy rates at the time.


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19th Century Education

Education movement:

completely private common masses


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The Common School movement

education reformers called for publiceducation systems for all.

E.g.: Horace Mann in Massachusetts

Henry Barnard in Connecticut


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Common-school advocates establish afree elementary education (publiclyfinanced)

In 1918: compulsory school attendancelaws for elementary-age children (existedin all states)


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After the U.S. civil war (1861-1865):

More women became teachers, but thesalary was kept very low


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Overview:

A giant step in American belief:

- Education was for every citizen- Knowledge needed to be actively pursued

and be useful in furthering the goals of the

nation


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Public Education:

1900 - 1996: the percentage of teenagerswho graduated from high school increased

from about 6 % to about 85 %. By the 1920s: the invention of the

automobile with school buses

expanding of the public school system bytransporting students in rural areas toschool.


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Horse-drawn Modern School Bus (1950s)


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Private Education:

- In 1925, the Supreme Court ruled:

States could not compel children to attendpublic schools

Children could attend private schools

instead


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In 1999 there were:

27,223 private elementary and secondaryschools with

5,162,684 students, and

395,317 full-time equivalent (FTE)teachers


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Education in the Southern States:

By 1900, a majority of blacks in the Southwere literate.

In 1912, the Southern States (34% of U.S.population) received only 3% of theeducation funding.


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Native American Education:

In 1924, the Bureau of Indian Affairscontrolled education until the 1970s.

Reservation Schools became community-run under the local Department ofEducation

Native Americans have the highest drop-put rate at 39%


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Hispanic American Education:

Hispanics attended religious missionschools and secular public schools

In 1965, the Elementary and SecondaryAct was passed

Disadvantaged children achieved higher

standards in education. Bilingual education programs were

added to many schools.
http://www.escambia.k12.fl.us/adminoff/ese/LAW/CHAP70/contents.htmhttp://www.escambia.k12.fl.us/adminoff/ese/LAW/CHAP70/contents.htmhttp://www.escambia.k12.fl.us/adminoff/ese/LAW/CHAP70/contents.htmhttp://www.escambia.k12.fl.us/adminoff/ese/LAW/CHAP70/contents.htm


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Asian American Education:

Suffered from school segregation until 1946

In 1974, the Supreme Court found that schools

must not discriminate against individuals who donot speak English.

Non-speaking immigrants in public schoolshave the rights of:

- Equal Educational Opportunities- Sufficient Special Instruction

- Respect for teachers


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21st Century Education

I Laws and regulations:

2001

2003

2004

The Law No Child Left Behind

The Higher Education Act amended

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

To improve education for allchildren

To hold schools responsiblefor results

To give parents greater

choices

Toexpanding access to higher

education

Toprovide additional fundsfor graduate studies

Toincrease accountability

Toimprove education forchildren with disabilities


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II Facts and Figures:

Number of Institutions: 26,407 public secondaryschools and 10,693 private secondary schools.

(Digest of Education Statistics, 2001)

United States operates one of the largest

universal education systems in the world.


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Enrollment: In 2000, 94% of enrollment ingrades 9 12

(High School Facts, 2005, December 14).


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Graduation: Early in the decade:

~ 80% of African Americans over the age of 25

had graduated from high school(National School Boards)

Completed high school: from 69% in 1980 to 84%

in 2000


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Expenditures: Between 1995-96 and 2000-01:expenditure per student rose 10% to $7,079

(Digest of Education Statistics, 2001)

The nations total expenditures for education

stand at approximately $878 billion a year.


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III

Characteristics of U. S. CurrentEducation:

K-12 Organization

Private schools

Decentralized funding and Administrations

Diversity

Democratic ideal


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1. K-12 Organization:

School attendance is compulsory fromKindergarten through Grade 12.

Public education among the ages is taxedsupported and free of tuition.


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2. Private schools:

Available for those students who chooseto pay tuition fee.

Many are run by churches and otherreligious organizations


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3. Decentralized funding and Administration:

No national education system

Public education expenditures: from local

property taxes. State boards of education: set student and

teacher standards, approve the classroomcurriculum, and often review textbook selections.


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4. Diversity:

Ethnical: Today American schools, like thelarger society they serve, are more ethnically

diverse than ever. Language teaching: from Arabic to

Vietnamese.

Curriculum: No national curriculum, certainsubjects.


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5. Democratic ideal:

Equal education opportunity is offered to allcitizens

History of American Education

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