Hellenistic Greece. Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War Sparta victorious – in control of...

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Hellenistic Hellenistic Greece Greece

Transcript of Hellenistic Greece. Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War Sparta victorious – in control of...

Hellenistic Hellenistic GreeceGreece

Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War

Sparta victorious – in control of Greece Unable to administer their territory

Thebes takes control of Greece (371BC)

Philip of Macedonia (382-336) Defeats Thebes to take control of Greece Planned to lead a united Greece against

Persia

Philip of Macedonia (382-336) Defeats Thebes to take control of

Greece Planned to lead a united Greece

against Persia

ALEXANDER the GREAT (356-323BC)

Succeeded Philip after he was murdered

Influences Philip – his father

Olympias – his mother

Aristotle – his teacher

Building an Empire Consolidated his power in Greece Went into Asia Minor and Syria Conquered Egypt

Built Alexandria Declared a pharaoh

Pursued King Darius III of Persia To capture him To conquer Persia

Pushed into Asia – Afghanistan (Bactria) and into northern India

334 – marched back to Babylon after having covered 10,000 miles

323 – celebrated his victories, got sick, and died

Consequences of Alexander’s Empire Organization – divided into 4 pieces

Spread of Greek culture Language, religion, arts, etc. Koine Greek – universal language

Growth of expanded trade

Government – loose federation of cities

Cities – new ones built, older ones refurbished

Greek influence Alexandria, Egypt

Library Pharos – lighthouse

Economy – expanded market for Greek products

Non-Greek goods introduced into GreeceWealth still concentrated in hands of few –

will affect philosophies that develop during the time

Hellenistic Philosophy Social critics

Dealing with a world grown larger; feelings of alienation

To alleviate feelings of spiritual uneasiness

Cynics – people should imitate naturalness of animals; follow your own nature

Diogenes (400-325BC) – “The Dog” Begged for a living & lived in a barrel Trouble-maker (carrying a lamp in the daytime,

claiming to be looking for an honest man)

Epicurians – people made of atoms, not made by gods; we should be free from superstition

Epicurus (342-270BC) Earthly happiness is goal of life Pleasure over pain (in moderation) Withdraw from public life

Live justly & prudently Open to men and women

Stoics – Zeno (335-263BC)

World as one society – global community

responsibility and duty

Emotions should be disciplinedHuman law shouldn’t conflict w/ natural law

Principle of order – Divine Reason

highest good could be achieved through reason

Skeptics – Carneades (213-129BC)

No one true path to happinessall ideas as valid assumptions; no absolutes

Certain knowledge is impossibleQuestion everything; truth cannot be known

Women in Hellenistic Greece Basic position in society changed

little Artistic impression changed

Religion Openness that came with empire

Spread of Greek religion to other areas

Temples to Greek gods built all over Hellenistic world

Spread of non-Greek religion to Greece

Non-Greek gods added to Greek pantheon

Egypt = Zeus + Re Syria = Atargatis (fertility) + Aphrodite

Arts – rejected earlier ideas of restraint and balance Sculpture - naturalism

Greeks and non-Greeks as subjects

Lack of moderation in sculpture