Hellenistic Greece. Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War Sparta victorious – in control of...
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Transcript of Hellenistic Greece. Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War Sparta victorious – in control of...
Rise of Macedonia End of Peloponnesian War
Sparta victorious – in control of Greece Unable to administer their territory
Thebes takes control of Greece (371BC)
Philip of Macedonia (382-336) Defeats Thebes to take control of Greece Planned to lead a united Greece against
Persia
Philip of Macedonia (382-336) Defeats Thebes to take control of
Greece Planned to lead a united Greece
against Persia
ALEXANDER the GREAT (356-323BC)
Succeeded Philip after he was murdered
Influences Philip – his father
Olympias – his mother
Aristotle – his teacher
Building an Empire Consolidated his power in Greece Went into Asia Minor and Syria Conquered Egypt
Built Alexandria Declared a pharaoh
Pursued King Darius III of Persia To capture him To conquer Persia
Pushed into Asia – Afghanistan (Bactria) and into northern India
334 – marched back to Babylon after having covered 10,000 miles
323 – celebrated his victories, got sick, and died
Consequences of Alexander’s Empire Organization – divided into 4 pieces
Spread of Greek culture Language, religion, arts, etc. Koine Greek – universal language
Cities – new ones built, older ones refurbished
Greek influence Alexandria, Egypt
Library Pharos – lighthouse
Economy – expanded market for Greek products
Non-Greek goods introduced into GreeceWealth still concentrated in hands of few –
will affect philosophies that develop during the time
Hellenistic Philosophy Social critics
Dealing with a world grown larger; feelings of alienation
To alleviate feelings of spiritual uneasiness
Cynics – people should imitate naturalness of animals; follow your own nature
Diogenes (400-325BC) – “The Dog” Begged for a living & lived in a barrel Trouble-maker (carrying a lamp in the daytime,
claiming to be looking for an honest man)
Epicurians – people made of atoms, not made by gods; we should be free from superstition
Epicurus (342-270BC) Earthly happiness is goal of life Pleasure over pain (in moderation) Withdraw from public life
Live justly & prudently Open to men and women
Stoics – Zeno (335-263BC)
World as one society – global community
responsibility and duty
Emotions should be disciplinedHuman law shouldn’t conflict w/ natural law
Principle of order – Divine Reason
highest good could be achieved through reason
Skeptics – Carneades (213-129BC)
No one true path to happinessall ideas as valid assumptions; no absolutes
Certain knowledge is impossibleQuestion everything; truth cannot be known
Religion Openness that came with empire
Spread of Greek religion to other areas
Temples to Greek gods built all over Hellenistic world
Spread of non-Greek religion to Greece
Non-Greek gods added to Greek pantheon
Egypt = Zeus + Re Syria = Atargatis (fertility) + Aphrodite
Arts – rejected earlier ideas of restraint and balance Sculpture - naturalism
Greeks and non-Greeks as subjects