CHW 3M

After the Persian War•Growing mistrust between Sparta and Athens

• Athens forms new alliances Delian League• Spartan soldiers return home

While Athens dominated trading routes and grew richer and more powerful, the Spartans began to feel threatened. As a result they also formed an alliance.

Pericles - Leader of AthensResponsible for turning the Delian

League into an Athenian EmpireChampion of democracy – often called

“the first citizen of Athens”Athens gradually took more and more

control of leagueCrushed those who tried to withdraw

(Naxos and Thasos)moved treasure and congress from

Delos to Athensused money to fund Athenian city

projects

Tensions grewSparta vs. Athens

Delian League partially a defence against Spartan oppression

Now Sparta outnumbered and threatenedAthens vs. Delian League states

Athens using funds however it wanted (city projects, etc.)

Ruled with an iron fist – demanded tribute (“donations”) from states, etc.

Athenians vs. Athenians – Democrats vs. ConservativesPericles (Democrat) was an amazing speaker –

genius at winning over the massesFRUSTERATED the Conservatives, divided Athens

Athens Vs. SpartaAthenian Strategy•defend city (long walls)•rely on navy

• Isolate Sparta• Food/supplies

Spartan Strategy•Use massive army

• Attack Athens directly

• Starve them out

The war was long and bitterly fought, but Athens was eventually defeated for several reasons:

• Disastrous plague struck Athens• The total and catastrophic failure of the expedition to Sicily• Athens repeatedly ostracised many of it’s generals who had lost

battles• The Persians agreed to make a navy for Sparta in return for

Ionia

Both Athens and Sparta were weakened by the war, Sparta’s domination would only last for 25 years

Spartan domination was ended in 378 B.C. by the city of Thebes, which revolted against Spartan rule, and dominated Greece from 375 – 338 B.C.

Thebes is most famously known today for it’s “sacred band” of warriors, which made up of 150 pairs of men

A New Power RisesPhilip II of Macedon was a strong leader and had united the Northern tribes.

338 B.C. – at the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip II of Macedon defeats the Thebans, and establishes the League of Corinth to organize the Greek cities for a planned campaign against Persia