HeatWave CHI2011

Thermal Imaging for Surface Interaction

Eric Larson, Gabe Cohn, Sidhant GuptaXiaofeng Ren, Dieter Fox, Beverly Harrison

Shwetak Patel

UbiComp Lab

Heatwave:

Design Use BuildUniversity of Washington

Laboratory of Ubiquitous ComputingUniversity of Washington Intel Research

1

Intel oasis

LCI Interactive Video

LCI - 55 Merthyr Terrace, Barnes, London, SW13 8DL - Telephone: +44(0) 20 8741 5747 - Email: [email protected] - Website: www.lci-uk.com

1. Scatter

Effect: ‘Objects’ scattering when approached or stepped on.

Media Options:

The Lower Layer: This can be a single image (up to 1024x768 pixels resolution) or a Video.

The Upper Layer: This is created from a single image that is multiplied across the screen area.

Variations in size, number and density.

Various ’behaviours’ can be adjusted to create a variety of effects. PNG files with transparencies

are particularly effective. A directory of images can also be used – the scattered image then runs

through this directory allowing animated objects to move around the screen area.

LCI Interactive Floor

SmartBoards4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5

What is thermal infrared imaging?

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25

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0.1um 1um 10 um 100 um

Wavelength

Visible InfraredUV

Sour

ce

Inte

nsity

Solar Reflection Thermal Radiation

RGB Depth Thermal

Near Far Infrared

9

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

10

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

1950

1980

>$200k

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

1991

2000

$100k

$10k

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

20032005

2010

~$2-8k

•30 fps•50mK•384x288

~$250M

14

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

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$1k

$100

$10

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

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$1k

$100

$10

>200 fps~$50

2015

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

$1 M

$100k

$10k

$1k

$100

$10

50mK ?

•30 fps•50mK•384x288

19

50mK

Co20 levels

Co

~6

120 levels

20

Co

29-35

Co

18-26

skin temperature

room temperature

21

MotionTouch down

24

Thermal Camera Overhead projector

25

HeatAbsorption

HeatRetention

Heat Transfer?30

Conductivity

T

31

Foam Plastic Wood Skin Glass Aluminum

0.04 0.23 0.4 0.5

1.1

>100

Thermal Conductivity

32

25262728293031323334

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s

Skin

Foam Surface

Touch Down

Release Touch

50ms 200ms

Time (log scale)

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)Cooling/Warming

period

100s

40-50s

Hand

Room


33

25262728293031323334

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s

Skin

Aluminum Surface

Touch Down

Release Touch

50ms 200ms

Time (log scale)

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)Cooling/Warming

period

100s

Room


34

25262728293031323334

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s

Skin

Wooden Surface

Touch Down

Release Touch

50ms 200ms

Time (log scale)

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)Cooling/Warming

period

100s

2-3s


35


Granite

Polymers

Plexi-glassPlaster

BrickWater

ClayRubberSalt

PaperTileMarble

36

25262728293031323334

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s

Touch Down

Release Touch

50ms 200ms

Time (log scale)

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)Cooling/Warming

period

100s

Absolute C C

Derivative

x x >

37

x10PlasticWoodPaperTable Top

38

paper table top

woodplastic

100%d

ete

ctio

n a

ccu

racy

0%

100%

0%

Accuracy

39

Pressure C

25262728293031323334

1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s

Time (log scale)

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)

4 N

2 N

0.5 N

Pressure

Contact Time, 50-200ms

Derivative

Absolute C

40

3 pressure levels = 96% Accuracy41

{~166ms

{

Derivative

25ms

43

strokes

chording

hand prints

curves

multi-user pressure

46

an interactive surface

48

an interactive surface...

49

Thermal Imaging for Surface Interaction

Gabe Cohn, Sidhant GuptaXiaofeng Ren, Dieter Fox, Beverly HarrisonShwetak Patel

UbiComp Lab

Heatwave:

Design Use BuildUniversity of Washington

Laboratory of Ubiquitous ComputingUniversity of Washington Intel Research

Eric [email protected]

ubicomplab.cs.washington.edu

*Ryder Ziola

50

mailto:[email protected]




thermal

input image

spatial smoothing

(median filter)

hand segmentation

(Otsu thresholding)

surface

calibrated?

classify pressure

(trees classifier)

bayesian

inference

-high pressure

-medium pressure

-low pressure

-not heat trace

-hand

YesNo

detect lines

(Hough transform) save heat traces

temperature

temporal derivative

background subtraction

trajectory

Otsu segmentation

finger tip

analysis

video

buffer

user interface engine

not heat trace -

is heat trace -

feature

calculation

hand trajectory

search

detected heat trails

detected lines

52

Categorization with Temperature Distribution of the Human Hand SurfaceHideyuki Kokubo, Mikio Yamamoto, Masahiko Hirasawa and Junko Taniguchi

53

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54

InfraMation 2004, Proceedings Volume 5, 287-298 (2004) 9

Figure 14. Person as source for thermal reflections from a glass plate as observed through an IR

polarizer oriented perpendicular or parallel to the plane of incidence. 4.2) Varnished wood Varnished wood has very smooth surfaces, similar to thin films. Hence, specular reflections are to be expected, in particular for large angles of incidence. Fig. 15 depicts the visual image of a person leaning against a wooden wall of a lecture hall. The IR image immediately shows very pronounced thermal reflections. In Fig. 16, images of the same scene were recorded but looking through the Ge polarizer. Similar to Fig.14, the T-scale was changed to better demonstrate the suppression of the reflections.

Figure 15 Thermal reflections of a person from a wooden wall.

left: visual image; right: close up view with LW IR camera.

Figure 16. Suppression of thermal reflections from varnished) wood as observed through an IR

polarizer oriented perpendicular or parallel to the plane of incidence.

55

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InfraMation 2004, Proceedings Volume 5, 287-298 (2004) 9

Figure 14. Person as source for thermal reflections from a glass plate as observed through an IR

polarizer oriented perpendicular or parallel to the plane of incidence. 4.2) Varnished wood Varnished wood has very smooth surfaces, similar to thin films. Hence, specular reflections are to be expected, in particular for large angles of incidence. Fig. 15 depicts the visual image of a person leaning against a wooden wall of a lecture hall. The IR image immediately shows very pronounced thermal reflections. In Fig. 16, images of the same scene were recorded but looking through the Ge polarizer. Similar to Fig.14, the T-scale was changed to better demonstrate the suppression of the reflections.

Figure 15 Thermal reflections of a person from a wooden wall.

left: visual image; right: close up view with LW IR camera.

Figure 16. Suppression of thermal reflections from varnished) wood as observed through an IR

polarizer oriented perpendicular or parallel to the plane of incidence.

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HeatWave CHI2011

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