Harwood Studio Report

NEW ORLEANSCULINARY INCUBATOR

Christine HarwoodARCH 609: Criss

Spring 2013

CONTENTS

2- design intent

3- mission

5- context

17- site analysis

29- precedents

45- programming

53- design

2

I want to alert neighbors to the block by giving this site a street presence. The sea of asphalt in front of Schwegman’s goes unnoticed to travelers. I want this place to bring the community together and to do that, it needs to be a destination. I intend to design ample shading to maximize the outdoor environment.

DESIGN INTENT

3

Use architecture to renourish the community.

-bring good food

-bring education

-bring opportunity

MISSION

“TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.”

CONTEXT

7

Located in the heart of America’s gulf coast, New Orleans is an island surrounded by lakes, rivers, and swamps. This crescent city got it’s nickname from the bend in the Mississippi River that shapes the city. Considered a humid subtropical climate, New Orleans has four growing seasons- ideal conditions for food production.

LOCATION AND CLIMATE

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

5.15 5.46

4.55 4.61 4.63

8.06

5.93 5.98

5.05

3.58

4.49

5.33

2 in.

4 in.

6 in.

8 in.

10 in.

12 in.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

100˚

90˚

80˚

70˚

60˚

50˚

FOUR GROWING SEASONS

HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE

SCORCHING SUMMERS

MILD WINTERS

SOUTHERN LOVE

60 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION

9

New Orlean’s not only has Southern pride, but NOLA pride. Before (and after) Katrina, many New Orleaners had never left the city. With a unique blend of African American and French cultures, New Orleans has phenomenal food and music. The beautiful weather is infectious and New Orleans has a signature porch culture. Any and every resident takes advantage of the shaded breezes on porches, never forgetting to shout greetings to travelers.

CULTURE

12

In need of more buildable land, New Orleans drained nearby swamps which reshaped the topography into a bowl and therefore a catch basin for rain. On the map, the orange indicates the lowest elevations. With the blue area only a few feet above sea level, the topography of New Orleans creates a land issue of its own.

TOPOGRAPHY

13

Mississippi River

14

Mississippi River

August of 2005 released a category 5 storm that was the worst in decades. Mother nature combined with inadequate infrastructure costing many along the gulf coast their lives and even more their homes. Eighty percent of the city was underwater. This map and photo detail the devastation depicting the most substantial flooding in dark teal (8-10’).

HURRICANE KATRINA

15

New Orleans minority distribution has a crossover correlation with areas suffering from obesity, food access, and poverty. By studying these overlays we recognize the issue and hope to address it with our project.

DEMOGRAPHICS

16

New Orleans Asian Population

New Orleans African American Population

New Orleans Hispanic Population

New Orleans Caucasian Population

SITE ANALYSIS

19

TREME

TULANE-GRAVIER

MID-CITY

BAYOU ST.JOHN

CITY PARK

NEIGHBORHOOD

Our site is located at the intersection of four major districts. The neighborhood contains a mix of housing and building structures. As it is near the ‘Mid-City’ district, our site is halfway between the suburbs and downtown New Orleans. The circles on this map indicate the USDA defined food deserts. At the center of each circle is a grocery store. When residents don’t have a half a mile walking distance to fresh and local food they are considered to live in these food deserts. As population distribution reveals a higher elderly and impoverished area, these circles become increasingly important as the residents have less access to transportation and often settle for convenient store nutrition .

20

TREME

TULANE-GRAVIER

MID-CITY

BAYOU ST.JOHN

CITY PARK

21

SITE

This bottom image shows the current state of the grocery store on our site. The store and parking take up an entire city block, but have been abandoned for the eight years since Katrina. Surrounded by a mix of residential and commercial lots, many sit vacant reminding the neighborhood of the natural disaster.

22

BROAD ST.

DORGENOIS ST.

CONTI ST.

BIENVILLE AVE.

25

Jan. 21st, 5PM

Sept. 21st, 5PM

Shadow Analysis

In order to best understand our site, I performed a shadow study to see how the sun affects the area. A proposed addition along the northwest side of the site offers plenty of much desired shade throughout the year.

26

Mar. 21st, 5PM

Oct. 21st, 5PM Dec. 21st, 5PM

June. 21st, 5PM

27

MID

-CIT

Y

TULA

NE-

GRA

VIER

TRA

FFIC

DEN

SITY

PEDESTRIAN CLAIMED PATHWAY

28

MID

-CIT

Y

TULA

NE-

GRA

VIER

TRA

FFIC

DEN

SITY

PEDESTRIAN CLAIMED PATHWAY

Take Away Site Analysis

After our initial visit, we recorded our observations of the site. Down the middle of Broad street (the most heavily trafficked road), the Mid-City and Tulane- Gravier districts are divided. Orange bordered buildings are commercial while blue bordered structures are residential. The site had accumulated some puddles from the morning’s rain that further reiterated New Orleans reoccurring water problem.

PRECEDENTS

31

Grow Dat is a farm initiative located in New Orleans City Park. The facilities were constructed by Tulane School of Architecture. The farm employs at risk youth to provide them with a well paying job and food for their families. The farm works to bring fresh local produce into New Orleans underprivileged areas.

Grow Dat

33

Hollygrove farms was one of the first urban farms in New Orleans. With aquaponics, community plots, hourly plots, and a market they touch a little bit of everything on their small linear site. Hollygrove collects its rainwater and makes it own compost. Outside merchants have been selected to sell meat, dairy, and jams in the market. Tulane School of Architecture also produced the shelter for Hollygrove.

Hollygrove Farms

35

“The Plant” is a new farming initiative located in a former meat packing warehouse. With 95,000 square feet to work with “The Plant’s mission is to promote closed-loop food production and sustainable economic development through education and research.” Not only is The Plant working to incorporate programs to create a closed loop system, they are striving to be a net zero energy building! This puts a whole new meaning to the phrase “Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.”

The Plant

37

Renovated by VJAA, this student center on Tulane’s campus was adapted for passive strategies. The louvers seen below and northern porch block the harsh New Orleans sun on the inside and out. I looked to this overhang and gathering space it provides to incorporate a shaded outdoor area for my design.

Lavin-Bernick Center

39

ASU Downtown Campus

This master plan by Debartolo Architects on Arizona State University’s Downtown campus shows the thin column shade support that I sought to bring into my design.

41

Lawrence Arts Center

Close to home, the Lawrence Arts Center is an example of a central stair that serves more than just a means to walk upstairs. Its position and open floor plate prevent a segregation between levels.

43

Permeable Surface

As water control is very important to New Orleans, I wanted to use natural methods in my design to reintegrate the rain to the ground and minimize the impact on the sewer system. Permeable pavers provide a smooth walking surface, but also water to seep between pavers and return to the soil. Also a bioswale helps to collect water in plants or let it evaporate. Parking run off can be directed to a nearby bioswale.

PROGRAM

47

Programing

“TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.”

NOURISH

EDUCATELIBERTY’SKITCHEN

TOOLLIBRARY

GORILLA FARMING

GROCERY

THINK TANK

DISTRIBUTIONWAREHOUSE

BUSINESSINCUBATOR

GALLERY

SEED LIBRARY

As a part of this comprehensive studio we extended the scope beyond designing a building. Having researched the area thoroughly, we individually developed a mission statement to aim our design for our specific neighborhood. By understanding the site’s needs we can create architecture that extends beyond the walls of the building. With my main mission to educate and nourish the community I chose programs that would help accomplish those goals.

48

NOURISH

EDUCATELIBERTY’SKITCHEN

TOOLLIBRARY

GORILLA FARMING

GROCERY

THINK TANK

DISTRIBUTIONWAREHOUSE

BUSINESSINCUBATOR

GALLERY

SEED LIBRARY

49

Addition Program

50

Liberty’s Kitchen

Community Outreach Think Tank

At 6000 sqft, Liberty’s Kitchen will be a restaurant and youth involvement organization. This specific not-for-profit educates at risk youth in culinary arts. It prepares them to enter the field knowing customer service, food prep, and catering. Programs like this can act as a catalyst for the area.

At approximately 4000 sqft, this think tank will act as a creative idea space for the community. It will act as a hub for neighborhood meetings and will host projects that encourage the residents to have a voice for their community.

Tool Library

At approximately 2200 sqft, this tool library will service the neighborhood with rental tools and classes. It will give residents access to equipment they would otherwise lack. With the proper resources and education the community can rebuild itself.

Gallery

Serving as the main entry for the new building this gallery/reception area will exhibit community projects and local artists. It will be a vehicle to draw people into the building an inform them about the site and community.

51

Existing Structure Program

52

Grocery Retailer

Farming

Seed Library

At approximately 27,000 sqft, this locally owned grocery store will meet the areas needs with fresh and affordable produce. This will be an asset for the community that is in such desperate need for food access. It will create jobs and promote a healthier lifestyle.

With a head house of 3000 sqft, this urban farm initiative will provide four growing seasons of fresh food to the area. It will educate the community with classes, create jobs, and reduce emissions. Gorilla farming will also take advantage of the abandoned lots in the area.

At approximately 900 sqft, this seed library will collect, store, and distribute seeds to neighborhood residents. It will provide the resources to help the community start home gardening projects as well as education about growing seasons and optimal conditions.

Business IncubatorAt approximately 7,000 sqft the northeast corner of Schwegmann’s will be serve as a small business incubator. This will be an opportunity for start up companies to have a full amenity work space for little rent.

Jake and Jake’s DistributionAt approximately 27,000 sqft, this warehouse can act as a meeting space, distribution center or build space. Situated at the ‘back of house’ it is perfectly located for this local food distribution business. Bringing this program into the area will not only provide fresh food access, but also jobs.

DESIGN

55

Schematic Design: 3.13 Mid-Crit

Going into the Mid-Crit there was a lot to develop both with concepts and production. As we gathered for our gallery crit in the Kansas City Design Center many of the critics were excited about the project as a culinary incubator as well as the potential energy it would bring to the site. I felt my weakest design problem was dealing with the addition not have back of house. Where would trucks deliver? Where would trash be gathered? After discussing it with professors and professionals a easily access screened area was suggested for the Bienville side of the building.

57

As soon as we returned from our site visit, we began a series of 45 minute design charrettes pushing us to explore the capabilities of the site. We were instructed to go bold, play with shadows, think of water, and investigate access. These quick and highly creative models led to a lot of permanent design decisions.

Charrette Series

60

Idea/Nature Diagram

Through our series of charrettes, I found that best location on the site had street presence but also allowed views of the grocery store. I sought to activate this linear band across the site, bringing people, food, and a hub for activity.

62

Passive Strategies Diagram

In order to create a highly functional structure, I looked to passive strategies to influence my form and location of the addition. Low windows on the Southern side pick up cool breezes and cross ventilate the space as they leave through high windows on the North side. A surrounding walkway acts as the buildings ‘wrapper’, blocking harsh rays from penetrating the building. Southern louvers and deciduous trees also diffuse the sun’s summer heat. Lastly a green roof helps collect and evaporate water as well as provide sun protection and insulation for the roof.

64

Egress Diagram

Because of the building’s location there is no front/back of house. This allows circulation to permeate the building from all sides. With a main entrance and gallery in the middle, visitors can enter from the parking lot on the North side or surrounding neighborhood from the South. Auxiliary entrances also provide direct access to the tool Library and Liberty’s Kitchen. Circulation is concentrated through the core of the building with emergency escape exits on the ends.

65

Climate Zoning Diagram

By properly zoning the 15,000sqft space, energy consumption will decrease and the building will function more efficiently. Liberty’s Kitchen will be the actively cooled space noted in red. Commercial kitchens and restaurants produce a lot of heat challenging passive strategies for additional cooling. Operable doors and windows will let the restaurant breathe on weather permitting days. The gallery, think tank, and tool library do not require high of heat loads and will therefore function as a passive zone in the addition. Overhangs, shades, surrounding trees, operable windows, and fans will cool the zone.

67

N. B

RO

A D

GREENROOF

WATER COLLECTIONDIRECTED TO BIOSWALE

BIOSWALE

WATER COLLECTIONDIRECTED TO CISTERN

CISTERN

68

N. B

RO

A D

GREENROOF

WATER COLLECTIONDIRECTED TO BIOSWALE

BIOSWALE

WATER COLLECTIONDIRECTED TO CISTERN

CISTERN

Watershed Diagram

As one of New Orleans biggest concerns, the adaption of this block needs to consider its watershed. Creating a bioswale along the southern edge of the building will act as a catchment to direct runoff water from the parking lot. Any surplus runoff that is not absorbed by the green roof on the addition will also be directed to the bioswale. The bioswale gives water the opportunity to evaporate, be absorbed into plants, or reenter the ground. Any rainwater on the grocery roof will be collected into a cistern and reused to water the grocery’s farm plots.

69

The foundation for the addition will be wooden piles driven about 50’ down until they hit bedrock. This is where the building’s footings will lie. A structural wall will be built around the perimeter to hold the base of the addition. Wooden floors will be laid throughout the building to allow cold air to rise into the ground floor. 77’ W30 beams will be the main structure resting on W12 columns. This will create a 12’ “wrapper” around the building to block sunlight and allow for covered outdoor space. W12 girders will also run perpendicular to the beams to support the load of the 2nd floor. Lateral ties will brace the building on all sides.

Technical Narrative

71

JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.

BEANS, SNAP, BUSH BEANS, SNAP, BUSH BEANS, SNAP, BUSH BEANS, SNAP, BUSH

BEETS BEETS BEETS BEETS

BROCCOLI BROCCOLI BROCCOLI BROCCOLI

NEW ORLEANS VEGETABLE CALENDAR

BRUSSELS SPOUTS BRUSSELS SPOUTS

CABBAGECABBAGE

CANTALOPE CANTALOPE

CARROTS CARROTS

CORN CORN

EGGPLANTS EGGPLANTS

LETTUCE LETTUCE LETTUCE LETTUCE

WATERMELON WATERMELON

TOMATOES TOMATOES

SPINACHSPINACH

PUMPKIN PUMPKIN

POTATOES, SWEET POTATOES, SWEET

PEPPERS, BELL PEPPERS, BELL

ONIONSONIONS

PEPPERS, BELL PEPPERS, BELL

TOMATOES TOMATOES

72

This diagram illustrates just a few of the crops that can be grown in New Orleans. Because of the humid subtropical climate and rare frosts New Orleans can grow produce 12 months of the year. The weather allows for a versatility in crops that range from temperate citrus trees to hardy root vegetables.

New Orleans Vegetable Calendar

73

This Mid-Crit model begins to illustrate the edible orchard surrounding the lot as well as the garden plots on the grocery roof. The addition stays within the linear access of the ramp and uses the topography to meet the 3’ raised floor flood requirements for the area.

A first iteration model, I combined ideas learned from several charrettes to develop the southern side of the lot in line with the ramp. While still very conceptual at this point, I learned the importance of photographing models before truss structures are crushed.

75

GRO

UN

D F

LOO

R1”

=16’

2ND

FLO

OR

1”=1

6’

Floor Plans

76

GRO

UN

D F

LOO

R1”

=16’

2ND

FLO

OR

1”=1

6’

77

NORTH/SOUTH ELEVATION1”=16’

EAST/WEST ELEVATION1”=16’

E/W and N/S Sections

78

NORTH/SOUTH ELEVATION1”=16’


83

Design Development

One month after our Mid-Crit we presented our design development to a variety of critiques. From our previous review we further developed the schematic design. Critics commented on the formal approach I took with the addition, keeping it on the axis of the existing building. Using the guerilla gardening approach to spread the knowhow and refresh the vacant lots stimulated excitement among the critics. Chad expanded on the idea suggesting community plots on the terraced ramp as well as seating to serve as teaching plots visible to the community.

85

GYPSUM

STUD FRAMING

STONE STAIRS

FLOORING

STEEL DECKING

ISOLATED SLAB

FOOTINGS

W 12x GIRDER

CEMENT FIBERBOARD

EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAM BOARD

SHEATHING

VAPOR BARRIER

LOUVER HORIZONTAL SUPPORT

VERTICAL 2X2 LOUVER

LOUVER VERTICLE SUPPORT COLUMN

ISOLATED SLAB

W 30x BEAM

SLOPED INSULATION

OVERHANG SUPPORT

86

GYPSUM

STUD FRAMING

STONE STAIRS

FLOORING

STEEL DECKING

ISOLATED SLAB

FOOTINGS

W 12x GIRDER

CEMENT FIBERBOARD


SHEATHING

VAPOR BARRIER


VERTICAL 2X2 LOUVER


ISOLATED SLAB

W 30x BEAM

SLOPED INSULATION

OVERHANG SUPPORT

Sectional Isometric

This sectional isometric reveals the layers in the structure, exterior wall, and flooring. Upon discussing this drawing at review, I learned that the ‘bomb shelter’ of structure was over calculated and web joists would be substantial to hold the load. Also my thin louvers would warp and deteriorate while also not substantially blocking the sun. A thicker louver with more structure would properly filter the sun as well as give the opportunity for color.

87

Upon a pin up with Robert Ricardi, principal architect with Gould Evans, the differing roof heights of the two structures was noticed and critiqued.

In missing this variance, I created a raised temple that was ‘peeing on the existing building’. After a quick modification the relationship was realigned.

89 EAST/WEST ELEVATION1”=16’

We began working with section models to understand all of the layers and connections in a hand on approach. With all of the appropriate structure and control layers, the wall becomes much thicker that I would have anticipated. The full section shows outdoor circulation and floor to ceiling relationships between floors.

E/W Section Model

90 EAST/WEST ELEVATION1”=16’

92

By working with the section models from both directions we were able to see the differing structural connections. When building these models from scratch many more details become apparent. In this shorter section we see the elevation change and new roof relationship to the existing store. The edges of the section reveal the primary load resting on the interior columns as the overhang support tapers back to tie into them.

N/W Section Model

93


This second example of the short section displays the learning process with the added layers as well as something seemingly as simple as building from the ground up. A look at the Bienville elevations begins to experience with color and shows the initial patterning of the louvers.

N/S Section Model & Bienville Elevation

94


95

After our Mid April design development review we had three weeks to apply changes and create final documents and models. At our May 14th review Genevieve expressed a desire to develop the connection between the two buildings more thoroughly. Could there be a secondary walkway that connected to the roof of the grocery store? How can the path be snaked so that it controls the visitors experience? Overall I was happy with the direction that my mission took my project. The goal was to design a space for the people that would benefit the people beyond a place to gather and I think I did just that.

Final Review

97

In a final elevation I have moved the color from the walls of the building to the louvers. Putting a more neutral tone quiets the façade and allows the wrapper to have more of an identity.

Bienville Elevation

99

N/S Section & E/W Sectional Perspective

101

GYPSUM

STUD FRAMING

EXPOSED CONCRETE FLOORING

STEEL DECKING

FOOTINGS

OPEN WEB JOIST

CEMENT FIBERBOARD RAINSCREEN


SHEATHING


VERTICAL 2X10 LOUVER


ISOLATED SLAB

W 30X50 BEAM

SLOPED INSULATION

OVERHANG SUPPORT

ROOF SUPPORT

ROOFING

DECKING

SLOPED DECK DRAINAGE PLANE

W12 COLUMN

VAPOR BARRIER

ROOFING

VAPOR BARRER

Sectional Isometric

This final iteration of the sectional isometric not only brings color to further illustrate the control layers, it also shows the adapted secondary structure.

102

GYPSUM

STUD FRAMING

EXPOSED CONCRETE FLOORING

STEEL DECKING

FOOTINGS

OPEN WEB JOIST

CEMENT FIBERBOARD RAINSCREEN


SHEATHING


VERTICAL 2X10 LOUVER


ISOLATED SLAB

W 30X50 BEAM

SLOPED INSULATION

OVERHANG SUPPORT

ROOF SUPPORT

ROOFING

DECKING

SLOPED DECK DRAINAGE PLANE

W12 COLUMN

VAPOR BARRIER

ROOFING

VAPOR BARRER

104

Wall Section Detail

These details illustrate the vapor barrier and layer control connections to create a water free interior. The section model studies provided a 3D process to work on the order of the layers.

107

DORDENOIS

BROAD ST.

BIENVILLE AVE.

CONTI ST.

Site Plan

This final site plan shows an aerial of all the adaptations to the site. From the edible orchard in the front, to the community farm plots on the adapted ramp the site has been transformed to grow and teach the community.

108

DORDENOIS

BROAD ST.

BIENVILLE AVE.

CONTI ST.

109

BIEN

VILL

E AV

E.

110

BIEN

VILL

E AV

E.

Floor Plans

117

‘TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.’

‘GROWING YOUR OWN FOOD IS LIKE PRINTING YOUR OWN MONEY.’

GROWING FOOD IS AN ART; THE GARDENS ARE THE GRAFFITI.

‘TO CHANGE THE COMMUNITY, YOU MUST CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL.’

DESIGN INTENT

I want to alert neighbors to the block by giving this site a street presence. The sea of asphalt in front of schwegman’s goes unnoticed to travelers. I want this place to

bring the community together and to do that, it needs to be a destination. I intend to design ample shading to maximize the outdoor environment.

MISSION STATEMENT

We want to use architecture to renourish the community. -bring good food -bring education -bring opportunity

‘IF KIDS GROW TOMATOES, THEY WILL EAT TOMATOES.

118

‘TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.’

‘GROWING YOUR OWN FOOD IS LIKE PRINTING YOUR OWN MONEY.’

GROWING FOOD IS AN ART; THE GARDENS ARE THE GRAFFITI.

‘TO CHANGE THE COMMUNITY, YOU MUST CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL.’

DESIGN INTENT

I want to alert neighbors to the block by giving this site a street presence. The sea of asphalt in front of schwegman’s goes unnoticed to travelers. I want this place to

bring the community together and to do that, it needs to be a destination. I intend to design ample shading to maximize the outdoor environment.

MISSION STATEMENT

We want to use architecture to renourish the community. -bring good food -bring education -bring opportunity

‘IF KIDS GROW TOMATOES, THEY WILL EAT TOMATOES.

Harwood Studio Report

Documents

Transcript of Harwood Studio Report