Harkness2e chap20 ppt

Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Chapter 20: Community

Preparedness: Disaster

and Terrorism

2Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Chapter Highlights• History of public health nurses and disaster

response• Types of disasters• Disaster management• Public health response• Role and responsibility of nurses in disasters• Classification of agents• Field response • Skill building for field activity


Nursing Roles• Nurses play an important role in all

phases of disaster response.• All practicing nurses should become

familiar with disaster phases and their role during an event.

• Public health nurses practice principles of disaster response on a daily basis.


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Disasters are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.


AnswerFalseRationale: Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources. Disasters are often unforeseen, serious, and unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality that cannot be alleviated unless assistance is received from others outside the community.


EmergenciesEmergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.


DisastersDisasters vary by the following points:• The type of onset• The duration of the immediate crisis• The magnitude or scope of the incident• The extent to which the event affects the

community


Three Types of Disasters• Natural• Accidental• Terrorist


Disaster Management• Preimpact• Impact• Postimpact


Preparedness• Although disasters do not occur with

frequency, planning with vulnerability assessment can reduce the impact on the community.

• Identification of hazards• Analysis of vulnerability• Assessment of risk• National Response Framework


Mitigation• Mitigation is an effort to prevent

identified risks from causing a disaster.

• Mitigation involves efforts to lessen the impact of a disaster by initiating measures to limit damage, disease, disability, and loss of life among the members of a community.


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?All response begins at the state level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed.


AnswerFalseRationale: All response begins at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed.


Response• Incident command system• Common organizational structure implemented to

improve emergency response• National Incident Management System• Structured, flexible framework that guides the

response to disasters at all levels of governments, private companies, and nongovernmental organizations


RecoveryRecovery is the stabilization of the community and the return of the disaster area to its previous status.


Evaluation• Foundation for evidence-based

disaster response• Following a thorough review of the

responses, a final report is prepared with recommendations for improving emergency response in the future.


Roles of Nurses in Disaster Management

• Public health nurses as first responders

• Just-in-time training• Field triage• Point-of-distribution plans• Personal protective equipment• Documentation in a disaster• Skill building for disaster response


Bioterrorism• History• Categories of bioterrorism agents• Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from

person to person• Result in high mortality rates• Have the potential for major public health impact• Might cause public panic and social disruption and

require special action for public health preparedness


Detection of a Bioterrorism Event• Anthrax• Botulism• Plague• Smallpox• Tularemia• Viral hemorrhagic fevers


Chemical Disasters• Unlike biologic agents, which require

an incubation period before symptoms appear, a chemical agent, when released, makes its presence known immediately through observation (explosion), self-admission (accidental), or the occurrence of rapidly emerging symptoms, such as burns, difficulty breathing, or convulsions.


Role of Nurses in a Chemical Disaster

Stay or go, the evaluating factors include the following:• The hazardous material involved• The population threatened• The time span involved• The current and predicted weather conditions• The ability to communicate emergency information


Shelter in PlaceShelter in place is used for short-duration incidents, when moving would result in a greater hazard or it is impractical to evacuate.


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Evacuation, where people in a hospital or residential facility may be moved to another floor or area within the facility, may occur.


AnswerFalseRationale: Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long–duration events. Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility.


Evacuation• Evacuation occurs when there is

potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long–duration events.

• Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility.


Radiologic DisastersThe health outcome depends on the following:• The amount or dose of radiation absorbed• The type of radiation• The route of exposure• The length of time exposed to the dose


Public Health Disaster Response• Scope and magnitude of response• Communication during a disaster• Recovery and after-action evaluation

Harkness2e chap20 ppt

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