Harkness2e chap02 ppt

Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Chapter 2: Public Health Systems

2Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Chapter Highlights• Public health and healthcare systems as a complex organization of institutions and

structures that are based on philosophies of care and are culturally influenced• National and international perspectives on public health structure, function, and

outcomes differ by fiscal support and philosophical attitudes concerning health


Chapter Highlights (cont.)• Public health administration as a reflection of health, politics, economics, and social

structures• Influences of history, resources, financing mechanisms, interest groups, and

environmental conditions on public health• Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and public health


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Nongovernmental organizations use endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations.


AnswerTrueRationale: A nongovernmental organization (NGO) is an agency that acquires resources from private (vs. public) sources to help others. A philanthropic organization is one that uses endowed funds or private fund-raising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations.


Importance of Understanding How Public Health Systems Are Organized

• Public health involves organized efforts to improve the health of communities rather than individual people.

• The central goal of public health is the reduction of disease through prevention and the improvement of health in the community, both nationally and internationally.


Structure of Public Health Care in the United States

• Governmental Agencies and Public Health• United States Department of Health and Human Services• State and local health departments


Functions of Public Health in the United States

• Healthy People 2020• Funding for the healthcare system in the United States comes primarily from

privately owned health insurance companies.


Trends in Public Health in the United States

• Health status and its determinants• Utilization of healthcare resources• Expenditures and health• Vulnerable populations and healthcare


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?The United States has found the most efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally.


AnswerFalseRationale: Despite the economic strength of the United States and other industrialized nations, many countries have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving access to care equally.


Healthcare Systems in Selected Developed Nations

• Identifying indicators of health• Being committed to providing healthcare professionals and the public with a system

that works• Generating policy that allows for the production of positive outcomes


QuestionThe International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than how many national nurses associations?A. 100B. 110C. 120D. 130


AnswerD. 130Rationale: The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing more than 16 million nurses worldwide.


National and International Public Health Systems

• The United States healthcare system includes structures and functions to support assessment, assurance, and health policy related to the health of populations.

• Other industrialized nations have found more efficient and effective ways to care for all by decreasing health disparities and giving equal access to care.


Public Health Commitments to the World: International Public Health and Developing

Countries• World Health Organization• Refugee and disaster relief assistance• Multilateral, bilateral, and nongovernmental organizations as international

organizations of health• International Council of Nurses


QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services in two specific countries.


AnswerFalseRationale: Bilateral agencies and organizations conduct their services within one specific country.


Governmental and Nongovernmental Structures

Public, philanthropic, and nongovernmental agencies all contribute to the health of populations through diverse structures, financing, and personal approaches to the health needs of citizens.


Governmental and Nongovernmental Structures (cont.)

Department of Health and Human Services: branch of the U.S. government responsible for health and welfare of citizensInternational Council of Nurses (ICN): a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations (NNAs), representing more than 16 million nurses worldwide


Nongovernmental and Philanthropic Organizations

• Nongovernmental organization (NGO): an agency that acquires resources from private (vs. public) sources to help others

• Philanthropic organization: an organization that uses endowments or private funding to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations


World Bank and World Health Organization

• World Bank: international organization that uses funds from developed countries to help initiatives of developing countries

• World Health Organization: international center that collects data, advances initiatives, and offers support related to public health

Harkness2e chap02 ppt

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