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Transcript of Harkness2e chap03 ppt
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Chapter 3: Health Policy,
Politics, and Reform
Chapter Highlights
• Healthcare policy and the political process
• Healthcare finance and cost–benefit in
relation to health policy
• Access to healthcare and insurance facts in
the United States
• Healthcare workforce diversity and its
effects on the quality of healthcare
• Nursing’s role in shaping healthcare policy
2Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Chapter Highlights (cont.)
• Quality of care and evaluation
• Information management facts
• Equity in healthcare access
• Ethical consideration in health policy
• Health advocacy and healthcare reform
• Health services research application to
healthcare policy
3Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Healthcare Policy and Political Process
• Policies: set of principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome, or guidelines that direct individuals’ behavior toward a specific goal
• Public health policy: decisions made in regard to the health of the individual and the community
• Health policies: impact on the health of an individual, a family, and a population or community
4Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
Health policies impact on the health of an
individual, a family, and a population or
community.
5Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer
True
Rationale: Health policies impact on the
health of an individual, a family, and a
population or community.
6Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Involving Politics
• Process of influencing the allocation of resources needed
to enable policy and involves the strategies needed to
achieve the desired goals.
• Policy-making takes a great deal of effort, time, and
commitment.
• Setting an agenda
• Policy formulation
• Policy adoption
• Policy implementation
• Policy assessment
• Policy modification
7Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Access to Care and Health Insurance
• The U.S. healthcare system is a unique
system of both independent and
collaborative power and action by both
federal and state governments.
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Healthcare Finances and Cost-Benefit
• Economics is the study of how individuals, groups, organizations, and society allocate and utilize resources.
• When a policy is evaluated for its effectiveness, there is an interest in keeping the cost of a specific health program within reason, and it is critical to consider the overall costs and benefits of an existing program when a more efficient and effective service is identified and adopted.
9Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
The U.S. healthcare system is a unique system
of both independent power and action by the
federal government.
10Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer
False
Rationale: The U.S. healthcare system is a
unique system of both independent and
collaborative power and action by both
federal and state governments.
11Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Quality of Care
• Safety
• Effectiveness
• Patient centeredness
• Timeliness
• Equality
• Quality of care is defined by the Institute of Medicine (2001) as
the degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired outcomes, and are
consistent with current knowledge.
• It is extremely difficult to evaluate the complexities of the
quality of care for the U.S. population.
12Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Nursing’s Role in Shaping Healthcare Policy
• Nursing has a rich history as a unique
profession, with its own values, ethics,
respect, integrity, and responsibility.
Nurses’ contributions to the policies are
unlimited; there is a need for greater
coordination of action to ensure that
nursing is actively supported and involved in
influencing and shaping health and
healthcare policies.
13Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Healthcare Workforce Diversity
• Healthcare issues of racial and ethnic minorities, low-income
individuals, and the uninsured overlap. Community health
agencies play an important role in providing access to
healthcare for those who are underserved, whether from
uninsured or low-income communities.
• The United States has an increasing healthcare professional
immigration from other countries.
• There is an increasing need for a diverse workforce of
healthcare providers who can provide culturally competent care
for the accelerating minority population.
• The less diverse the workforce, the less representative and
influential will be the impact of the healthcare providers on
healthcare policies.
14Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Equality in Healthcare Access and Quality
• Because of the vast disparities in healthcare
access and quality, President Obama has
made healthcare his top priority, promising
affordable and adequate healthcare
insurance for all Americans.
15Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
Equality is healthcare that does not vary in
quality because of gender, race, ethnicity,
geographic location, or socioeconomic
status.
16Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer
True
Rationale: Equality is healthcare that does
not vary in quality because of gender, race,
ethnicity, geographic location, or
socioeconomic status.
17Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Information Management
• U.S. policy-makers have made the
adoption of health information
technology a priority so that health
records can be kept electronically,
assisting patients, providers, and
insurers.
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Ethical Consideration
• Healthcare is closely linked with ethical
issues and decisions, and has implications
for patients, providers, and healthcare
leaders.
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Health Advocacy and Healthcare Reform
• Although most politicians agree that
reform must take place, many cannot
agree on what the change should look
like.
• Healthcare reform in the United States
has been a long political battle for quite
some time.
20Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Health Services Research
• Research continues to be an influencing
power by documenting the need for
accelerated reform in order to achieve
quality care, proper information
management, insurance for all, and
equity of access.
21Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved