GROWING TENSIONSTexas History, Ch. 8

1820s TEXAS SETTLEMENTS

Resulted in major changes in trade

Texas’ economy was closely tied to the economy of the United States, since most immigrants to Texas came from there.

HADEN EDWARDS Haden Edwards

was awarded contract in East Texas, near Nacogdoches

Edwards found that settlers were already living on his lands.

HADEN EDWARDS Mexican political

chief Jose Antonio Saucedo sympathized with the settlers

He told Edwards that he could not charge the settlers for new land titles

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIA Edwards’ brother,

Benjamin, and a small group of settlers took over the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches

They proclaimed themselves an independent country from Mexico.

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIAMexican

soldiers were sent to put down the revolt. Most Fredonians fled into the United States.

OLD STONE FORTNacogdoches

was the site of the 1st clash between colonists and Mexican authorities.

Investigation into RevoltMier y Teran and 200 Mexican

soldiers were sent to Nacogdoches to prevent new uprisings.

He observed that the U.S. influence was strong, Anglo American settlers outnumbered Mexican settlers

NEW LAWS In 1829, the president of Mexico

issued a decree, or order, abolishing slavery in Mexico and Texas.

Texans wanted to be exempt, or excused, from this decree.

Law never put into effect, but raised fears among Anglo-American slaveholders.

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830 New forts created Custom duties were placed on

American goods Empresario contracts were

suspended Immigration from Mexico

continued into Texas

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830Ended all

immigration from the United States

ANAHUACPort and

Mexican garrison that controlled commerce into Mexico

Commanded by John Davis Bradburn

ANAHUACBradburn was unpopular with the

settlers; he arrested Travis and Jack for interfering with tax collection.

Settlers fought backJose’ Piedras, commander of

Nacogdoches garrison, sided with settlers and removed Bradburn from command.

BATTLE OF VELASCO John Austin traveled to get a cannon

to fight against Bradburn at Anahuac Mexican troops under Col.

Ugartechea would not let Austin and his men pass at Velasco because he thought Austin was a rebel.

The two groups fought; Ugartechea and his troops surrendered

TURTLE BAYOU RESOLUTIONS

While waiting for John Austin’s return, colonists adopted a resolution declaring their loyalty to Mexico.

MEXICAN REVOLUTION Santa Anna was

popular with the colonists because he supported the Constitution of 1824, favored by the Texans.

Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist.

CONVENTIONS OF 1832, 1833

Delegates met at San Felipe; resolved that Texas become a separate Mexican state

Prepared a constitution for the proposed state

CONVENTIONS OF 1832, 1833

Austin traveled to Mexico City to meet with Santa Anna.

Santa Anna agreed to repeal the law restricting immigration from the United States

AUSTIN IS ARRESTEDOn his return

to Texas, Austin was arrested in Saltillo for a letter he had written

Austin spent a year in jail in Mexico City

Cos claimed Santa Anna now rejected the Constitution of 1824.

MARTIN DE COSCommander of

Mexican forces in Coahuila

Brother-in-law of Santa Anna

Angry with Texas colonists over new fighting at Anahuac.

Would not accept apology from colonists; wanted to arrest Texas leaders

CONSULTATION OF 1835

Texas colonists concerned about the situation and called for a convention at Washington-On-The-Brazos.

WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS

Peace Party vs. War Party Stephen F.

Austin returned from Mexico and told delegates to prepare for war.

“War is our only resource.”

TEXAS in 1835 He approved the

Consultation because he thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator.

Dictator: ruler with absolute power

REVIEW QUESTION

Where was the Consultation of 1835 held?• Mexico City• Washington-on-the-Brazos• San Felipe

answer

Washington-On-The-Brazos

REVIEW QUESTION

Who said, “War is our only resource!”?William B. TravisStephen F. AustinAntonio Lopez de Santa Anna

answer

Stephen F. Austin

REVIEW QUESTION

Why did Stephen F. Austin approve the Consultation? He thought he would be imprisoned War would not solve any problems Santa Anna was becoming a dictator

answer

He thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator.

REVIEW QUESTION

The opening of Texas to settlement in 1820s Texas resulted in what?Major changes in tradeWar with SpainWar with Mexico

answer

Major changes in trade

REVIEW QUESTION

With which country’s economy was Texas most closely tied?United StatesFranceSpain

answer

The United States

REVIEW QUESTION

All were some of the changes made from the April 6, 1830 law, EXCEPT?New forts were builtImmigration from Mexico endedEmpressario contracts were

suspended

answer

Immigration from Mexico ended

REVIEW QUESTION

Who was Martin de Cos?Representative to the Coahuila y

Tejas legislatureCommander of Mexican forces in

CoahuilaGovernor of Mexico

answer

Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila

REVIEW QUESTION

Why was Santa Anna initially popular with the Texas colonists?He declared himself a CentralistHe declared himself a RepublicanHe declared himself a Federalist

answer

Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist.

And, he supported the Mexican Constitution of 1824, favored by the Texans.

REVIEW QUESTION

What did the 1829 decree do?Ended immigration to TexasEnded slavery in Mexico, but not

in TexasEnded slavery in both Mexico

and Texas

answer

It abolished slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas

REVIEW QUESTION

What did Empressario Haden Edwards find upon his arrival in Nacogdoches in East Texas?A Native American villageA fertile wildernessPeople already living on the land

answer

People were already living on the land.

REVIEW QUESTION

Where was the site of the 1st clash between Texas colonists and Mexican troops?NacogdochesRepublic of FredoniaWashington-on-the-Brazos

answer

The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches.

REVIEW QUESTION

What was the name of the independent country proclaimed by Benjamin Edwards?San FelipeNacogdochesRepublic of Fredonia

answer

The Republic of Fredonia

REVIEW QUESTION

What were the Turtle Bay Resolutions? Document that Santa Anna promised

to support Constitution for the proposed

Mexican state of Texas Statements in which colonists

declared loyalty to Mexico

answer

Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico

REVIEW QUESTION

After Mier y Teran and 200 Mexican soldiers put down the revolt at Fredonia, what did he observe? Anglo American influence was strong Settlers were mostly Catholic Settlers owned no slaves

answer

Teran observed that the Anglo-America influence was strong.

REVIEW QUESTION

Why did Ugartechea try to arrest John Austin at the Battle of Velasco? Austin refused to pay customs duties Ugartechea thought Austin was a

rebel There was a warrant for Austin’s

arrest

answer

Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel.

REVIEW QUESTION

Where were the conventions of 1832 and 1833 held? What was resolved in 1833? San Felipe; to declare Texas a

separate Mexican state Washington-on-the-Brazos; to end

Mexican rule in Texas Nacogdoches; to accept the Mexican

constitution

answer

San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state

REVIEW QUESTION

What is an order that has the force of law? Rule Constitution Decree

answer

Decree

REVIEW QUESTION

Where was Stephen F. Austin imprisoned?Mexico CityCoahuilaSaltillo

answer

Mexico City

REVIEW QUESTION

What document did Santa Anna promise to support?Law of April 6, 1830Turtle Bayou ResolutionsMexican Constitution of 1824

answer

Mexican Constitution of 1824

GOOD LUCK ON THE TEST!TEXAS HISTORY CHAPTER 8: