Westward Expansion(1820s-1850)I. Texas

A. Early SettlementB. Texas War (1835-36)C. Lone Star Republic

(1836-45)II. Manifest Destiny

• PolkIII. Texas AnnexationIV. Oregon

A. “Joint Occupation”B. Oregon Treaty (1846)

V. California/SouthwestA. BackgroundB. Mexican War (1846-48)

Key Terms• Mexican Colonization

Law• Stephen Austin• Texans• Santa Anna• The Alamo• Sam Houston• James K. Polk• “54° 40’ or Fight”• Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo

US Territorial ExpansionFrom 890,000 square miles in 1790 to 3 million in 1850

Early Settlement & Texas

• In early 1820s about 3,000 illegal immigrants (from US) lived in Mexico.

• Mexican Government: How do we address problem so they’re loyal Mexican citizens?

Mexican Colonization Law(1824)

1. Became Mexican citizens.

2. Obeyed Mexican laws.• Slavery was illegal.

3. Converted to Catholicism.

American Immigrants could receive a League & Labor of land if they…

League & Labor

• League: 4,400 acres of grazing land

• Labor: 170 acres of farmland

Texas Colonizer

• An “Empresario” who led many American families to Texas.

• Over 35,000 Americans had moved by 1835.

• Texans: Former American citizens who moved to Texas; most lived in the region of “Coahuila y Texas.”

Stephen Austin

US/Mexican Relations

• US minister to Mexico; authorized to buy Texas, but failed

• But, he did return with…

Joel Poinsett

Mexican Government(A New President)

• Santa Anna’s policies led to tension with Texans.

• Result: Texas War for Independence (1835-36).

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Perez de Lebron

Sam Houston

• Houston led Texans in fight for Independence from Mexico.

• He and Austin attempted (but failed) to obtain help from US Government.

Texas War For Independence(1835-36)

• What was this war?

– Texans vs. Mexico

Texas War For Independence

Alamo-187 Texans vs. 5,000 Mexicans

Goliad-Texan POW’s were killed

San Jacinto- Texans slaughter Mexicans & win the war

Lone Star Republic

From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation called the Lone Star Republic.

Manifest Destiny

“The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federative self-government entrusted to us. It is a right such as that of the tree to the space of air and earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth…”

•John L. O’Sullivan

Expansion West

• Belief which held that the nation’s obvious destiny was to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean.

Key Concept:

Manifest Destiny (1840s)

• Many Americans believed the US was special because of its democratic style of government.

President’s & Manifest Destiny

1. Acquire Oregon, Texas, and California for the US.

2. Retire after one term as President.

James K. Polk

(1845-49)Polk promised to:

Polk & Texas

• After Polk’s election, but before his inauguration….

• Texas entered the Union as the 28th state in 1845.

Polk and Dallas Flag

Polk & Oregon

Oregon was “Jointly Occupied” by the US and Great Britain since 1819

James K. Polk & Oregon

• Privately, Polk agreed to compromise with the British; this led to Oregon Treaty (1846).

• Polk’s campaign slogan: “54° 40’ or Fight.”

Oregon Treaty(1846)

1. 49th parallel became the boundary between the US and Great Britain (Canada).

2. The British received Vancouver Island.

Polk & California

• US tried to purchase California & Southwest ($25 million); Mexico refused.

• US/Mexico border was disputed.

Close-up Of Disputed

Area

US Troops were sent into the disputed region

US Army Occupation, Texas

This picture shows US forces occupying the disputed territory with Mexico.

Polk & California

• US tried to purchase California & Southwest ($25 million); Mexico refused.

• US/Mexico border was disputed.

• Fighting broke out in 1846 between US & Mexican forces which lasted until 1848.

Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848)

1. Rio Grande was border between US & Mexico.

Treaty that ended the Mexican War:

2. US received California & territory in Southwest.3. US gave Mexico $15 million.

President’s & Manifest Destiny

1. Acquire Oregon, Texas, and California for the US.

2. Retire after one term as President.

James K. Polk

(1845-49)Polk promised to:

Westward Expansion(1820s-1850)I. Texas

A. Early SettlementB. Texas War (1835-36)C. Lone Star Republic

(1836-45)II. Manifest Destiny

• PolkIII. Texas AnnexationIV. Oregon

A. “Joint Occupation”B. Oregon Treaty (1846)

V. California/SouthwestA. BackgroundB. Mexican War (1846-

48)

Key Terms• Mexican Colonization

Law• Stephen Austin• Texans• Santa Anna• The Alamo• Sam Houston• James K. Polk• “54° 40’ or Fight”• Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo