The first tribe who settled in Wales was the Britons, a Celtic tribe.It is located in the western area of Great Britain.Cardiff, the capital, is the most important seaport.Wales is very mountainous and has an irregular cost. The Cambrian Mountains run north-south through central Wales. The Dee River is the largest river.Population: 2.921.000Area: 20 764 Km2 Welsh speakers today: 500,000Symbol of Wales: a red dragon.

Caerphilly Castle

It is situated in the south of Wales. This is one of the biggest fortresses of Europe.It was built between 1268 and 1271 by gilbert “the red”.

The castle is surrounded by artificial lakes to prevent invaders’ attack.

Castell Coch

It’s situated in Tongwynlais.

This castle reproduces a small medieval Welsh fortress.

It was built in the 1870’s by the 3rd Marquess of Bute, and designed by William Burges.It was protected by a deep dry moat.

The walls are over 3.3m thick.

Castell Flint

It is situated on east Wales. Flint Castle is a Historic Monument of Wales and it is under the care of CADW, but you can visit it at any time.

It has an ingenious architecture by the engineer James of St. George.

Welsh literature began in the Middle Ages and it continued until present times with different influences.

Dylan Thomas

He was a poet, playwright and story writer.

twenty-five poems (1936)the map of love(1939)deaths and entrances(1946)

Ken Follett

He is one of the world's best-lovednovelists, his literary genres are thriller and historical novels.

The Pillars of the Earth (1989): is a historical novel about the building of a cathedral in Kingsbridge.

Hornet flight (2002): it is a World War II based spy thriller.

Fall of giants (2010): is a historical novel. It’s about World War I.

Welsh National Opera is a company of opera founded in Cardiff,

Wales in 1946.

In 2004, the WNO acquired her first headquarter permanent in

Cardiff in the Wales Millennium Centre

Some musical directors are:Carlo Rizzi (1992-2001)Bryan Balkwill (1963-1967)Vilém Tauský (1951-1956)

Bullet for my ValentineBridgend, Heavy metal, 1998-present

Badfinger (Also known The Iveys)Swansea and Liverpool (England), powerpop, 1969-1984

BudgieCardiff, heavy metal, 1967-1988, 1995-presentBudgie has never known the real fame. They have many fans, but they have never had a hit. Thanks to Metallica, Iron Maiden and Soundgarden, who have recorded some covers, Budgie had been more recognized.

FeederNewport, alternative rock, 1991-present.

Funeral for a Friend (also known FFAF)Bridgend, alternative rock, 2001-presentFFAF is one of the best band in United Kingdom.

Future of the LeftCardiff, Alternative rock, 2005- presentIn their first performance, they used the alias the Mooks of Passim.They will release their new album in 2012

LostpropPontypridd, alternative rock, 1997-presentThey have won six awards.

Manic Street Preachers (Manics) At first their name was Betty BlueBlackwood, Alternative rock, 1986-present

Between Aberdeen and Glasgow, there is an imaginary line that separated the Highlands from the Lowlands.Gaelic traditions and language are stronger on the northwest coast, especially in the Hebridean Islands and the Northern Islands, Orkney and Shetland, they are culturally distinct from the Highlands. Area: 78 749 Km2Weather: cold, wet, and often windy.Scotland is surrounded by the North Sea, offering fish, oil and natural gas, and potentially tidal and wave power. In the 19th century, the population increased from around 1.5 million to 4.5 million, concentrated around Glasgow.Native Gaelic Speakers today: 65,000Gaelic derives from Q-Celtic. Only a portion of the Highland-Island population speaks it as a first language, although there is a bilingual education.

Stirling Bridge

It was built about 1500 in Stirling. The reconstruction is confused from the original bridge.

In 1297, William Wallace beat the English troops in Stirling Bridge.Stirling Bridge is pedestrian and you can see the river Forth, the city, the castle and the tower (Wallace’s monument).

Castle Doune

It is situated in Doune.

The gardens of this Castle have been the setting of some films.

The fortification was built at the end of 14th century by Robert Stewart. The castle became a stronghold when the Wars of the Three Kingdoms began (1639-1651).

At present, the castle is protected by the Scottish state.

During the thirteenth century, it was written the Roman de Fergus in French which was imposed as first language.

Walter Scott:

He was a prolific writer of British romanticism, Specializing in historical novels.- The Antiquary(1816): it is a novel about several characters including an antiquary.- The Pirate(1822): it is a novel based on the life of John Gow who features as Captain Cleveland.- Waverley(1814): it is an historical novel. It began during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, which sought to restore the Stuart dynasty in the person of Charles Edward Stuart.

Scotish National anthem:Flowers of Scotland.

Some importants bands are:

- The red hot chilli pipers:Scotland; celtic rock;

2004-present.

- Amplifico: kirkcaldy; pop; 2004-

present.

- Belle and sebastian:Glasgow, indie pop; 1996-present.

- Camera Obscura:Glasgow; indie pop; 1996-

present.

- Simple minds: Glasgow; funk rock; 1977-

present.

The words England and English come from the Old English word for the Angles.

Area: 130,347 Km2

Weather: mild and rainy.

Germanic tribes laid the bases for English in the fifth century.

English speakers today: 508 million.

Big Ben

Each clock of the tower is 7.5m of diameter and has an inscription: “God save our Majesty the Queen Victoria”.

The tower is over 105 meters. It was added to Westminster Palace, ending the building in 1856, after thirteen years. The first two bells were cracked. The current bell is the third.

Westminster Abbey

It is an active church, with daily prayers.The high vaults proclaim God’s greatness. It was built in a cross to rememberJesus’ death.

There is a choir where every day“Glory to God” is sung .

In Westminster Abbey there are a lot of graves of celebrities like some kings and princes, andt there is a poets corner where Chaucer, Dickens and Kipling are. Newton and Charles Darwin are here too.

Tower of London

It was a prision. In the Tower Hillthe acused were imprisoned and then they were tortured or executed.

The tower of London is more than 900 years old. It was built by a William’s order to protect London.Then, the king Richard ordered to make a ditch around it and fill it with water from the River Thames.

In the Tower Hill common criminals were executed and in the Tower Green senior leaders were executed, who then were buried in the Royal Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula.

Cathedral of Canterbury

This cathedral was reformed in 1174, after the fire which destroyed the first structure produced in 1170.

It is famous for its stunning stained glass.

During the aerial bombardment of 1942 (during World War II), Canterbury was destroyed, but the inhabitants of the city took off the stained glass before it happened. Now, the original stained glass windows are placed in the Cathedral.

Canterbury became an important place in 597, when Pope Gregory the Great sent Augustine here to convert Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.

There are two periods in English literature: old English period and middle English period. The heroic idealcontinues in literature at present.

Lord Byron

He was a British poet and a leading Figure in the Romantic movement.The Bride Of Abydos (1813): is a poem.The Corsair (1814): is a semi-autobiographical of Lord Byron, and extremely popular in these days.The Dream (1816): is a poem. It was inspired by the view from the Misk Hills.

Charles Dickens

He was an English novelist, considered the greatest of the Victorian period.Oliver Twist (1837-39): it is the first novel in English language in which the main character is a child.Christmas Song (1843): the story isabout how Ebenezer Scrooge changesafter the visits of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas. David Copperfield (1849-50): the original title is The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account), it is probably the most autobiographical of all of his novels.

William Shakespeare

He was a playwright, poet, actor, considered the most important writer in English language and one of the most famous in literature.Romeo and Juliet(1595): tragedy about a young love. It is Shakespeare's most popular play.Hamlet (1601): tragedy. In the Kingdom ofDenmark, Prince Hamlet takes revenge from his uncle Claudius.Macbeth(1606): tragedy about how Duncan comes the throne.

English National anthem: God save the queen

Some importants bands are:

- Coldplay:London; alternative rock; 1996-present.

- The Beatles:Liverpool; rock; 1960-1070. They had won the silver record, Ivo novello awards, grammy awards...

- Sugababes:London; 1998- present; R&B.

- Oasis:Manchester; 1991-2009; alternative rock.

- Artic Monkeys:Sheffield; 2003-present; garage rock.

- Muse:Teignmouth, Devon;alternative rock; 1994- present

- Mcfly: London; pop rock; 2003 - present. They have won walt disney awards, two smash hits awards, UK festival awards…

Cristina Cabello García.

Alba Gómez Aznar.

Marta Mª Guillén de la Oliva.

Kassandra Martínez Rojas.

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