GPS Update for USGS Liaisons
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Transcript of GPS Update for USGS Liaisons
GPS Constellation, Modernization Plans and Policy
(Bonus: DOI GPS Survey)
Milo RobinsonDOI Senior Advisor
National Coordination OfficePosition Navigation and Timing
for
USGS Geospatial LiaisonsFebruary, 2011
SatelliteOperatio
ns
SatelliteOperatio
ns
TeleCommTeleComm
Oil ExplorationOil Exploration
Trucking & Shipping
Trucking & Shipping
Surveying & MappingSurveying & Mapping
Precision AgriculturePrecision
Agriculture
GPS enables a diverse array of applications
Power GridsPower Grids
IntelliDriveIntelliDrive
NextGenNextGenTransit
Operations
TransitOperatio
ns
Disease ControlDisease Control
Personal NavigationPersonal
Navigation
Fishing & BoatingFishing & Boating
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WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE
ADVISORY BOARD
Sponsor: NASA
ADVISORY BOARD
Sponsor: NASA
NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT
Executive Steering GroupCo-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT
Executive Steering GroupCo-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE
Host: Commerce
NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE
Host: Commerce
National Space-Based PNT Organization
GPS International Working Group
Chair: State
GPS International Working Group
Chair: State
Engineering ForumCo-Chairs: Defense,
Transportation
Engineering ForumCo-Chairs: Defense,
Transportation
Ad HocWorking Groups
Ad HocWorking Groups
DefenseDefense
TransportationTransportation
StateState
InteriorInterior
AgricultureAgriculture
CommerceCommerce
Homeland SecurityHomeland Security
Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff
NASANASA
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Key Points
• GPS performance is better than ever and will continue to improve– Augmentations (WAAS, NDGPS, CORS) enable
even higher performance– New civil GPS signal available now– Many additional upgrades scheduled
• U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations
• International cooperation is a priority– Compatibility and interoperability are critical
• Introduction• Global Positioning System• Modernization Plans• U.S. Policy• DOI GPS Survey
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Overview
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The Global Positioning System
• Baseline 24+3 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit
• Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions
• Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies
• Two types of signals:– Free or Civil– U.S. and Allied military
• Three segments: – Space– Ground control– User equipment
GPS Constellation Status
• 11 Block IIA• 12 Block IIR• 8 Block IIR-M
– Transmitting new second civil signal– 1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing
• 1 Block IIF– In Test and Checkout – First of 12 Boeing satellites
• 3 additional satellites in residual status
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993
32 Operational Satellites(Baseline Constellation: 24+3)
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8
GroundAntenna
Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)
GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)
Ascension
Diego Garcia
Cape CanaveralHawaii
Kwajalein
Schriever AFB
ColoradoS Korea
Australia
Bahrain
S Africa
England
Argentina
Ecuador
Tahiti
USNO
Alaska
MonitorStation
New Zealand
Vandenberg AFB
California
NGA Monitor Station
OCS Monitor Station
Ground Antenna Future Monitor Station
Master Control Station
Alternate Master Control Station
N/A
1.61.2 1.1
0.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
RM
S S
IS U
RE (
m)
RM
S S
ignal-
in-S
pace
Use
r R
ange E
rror
(UR
E),
m
ete
rs
2008 SPS Performance Standard(Worst of any SPS SIS URE)
2001 SPS Performance Standard(RMS over all SPS SIS URE)
N/A N/A N/AN/A
Selective Availability (SA)
System accuracy exceeds published standard
System accuracy exceeds published standard
Signal-in-Space User Range Error is the difference between a GPS satellite’s navigation data (position and clock) and the truth, projected on the line-of-sight to the user
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1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 2001 2004 2006 20092008
Decreasing range error1.0
Current GPS Accuracy
• Introduction• Global Positioning System• Modernization Plans• U.S. Policy• DOI GPS Survey
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Overview
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Block IIA/IIR Block IIIBlock IIR-M, IIF• Backward compatibility
• 4th civil signal (L1C)• Increased accuracy• Increased anti-jam power
• Assured availability• Navigation surety• Controlled integrity• Increased security• System survivability
IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus• 2nd civil signal (L2C)• M-Code (L1M & L2M)
IIF: IIR-M capability plus• 3rd civil signal (L5)• Anti-jam flex power
Basic GPS• Civil (Free access)– Single frequency (L1)
Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation
• Military– Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)
Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit
GPS Modernization Program
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Second Civil Signal (L2C)
• Designed to meet commercial needs– Higher accuracy via ionospheric
correction– Expected to generate over $5 billion
in user productivity benefits• Available since 2005• On 24 satellites by 2016
Increases accuracyfor consumers
Benefits existing professional receivers
Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use
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Third Civil Signal (L5)
• Designed to meet demanding requirements for transport safety– Uses highly protected
Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band
• May also enable global, centimeter-level accuracy using new techniques
• Opportunity for international interoperability
• Demonstration signal launched in 2008
• 24 satellites by 2018
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Fourth Civil Signal (L1C)
• Designed with international partners for interoperability
• Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency– More robust navigation across a
broad range of user applications– Improved performance in
challenged tracking environments– Original signal retained for
backward compatibility• Launches with GPS III in 2014• On 24 satellites by ~2021
Under trees
Inside cities
• Introduction• Global Positioning System• Modernization Plans• U.S. Policy• DOI GPS Survey
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Overview
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U.S. Policy History
• 1978: First GPS satellite launched
• 1983: U.S. President offers free civilian access to GPS
• 1996: U.S. policy establishes joint civil/military GPS management
• 1997: U.S. Congress passes law that civil GPS shall be provided free of direct user fees
• 2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero”
• 2004: U.S. President issues Space-Based PNT Policy
• 2007: Selective Availability removed from GPS III satellites
• 2010: U.S. President issues new National Space Policy
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Latest U.S. Policy
• Provide continuous worldwide access for peaceful uses, free of direct user charges
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability with foreign GNSS services
• Operate and maintain constellation to satisfy civil and national security needs– Foreign PNT may be used to strengthen
resiliency• Invest in domestic capabilities and support
international activities to detect, mitigate and increase resiliency to harmful interference
• Introduction• Global Positioning System• Modernization Plans• U.S. Policy• Bonus: DOI GPS Survey
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Overview
DOI GPS Survey
• Distributed widely to Department employees
• During Spring and Summer 2010• Over 1450 responses• Including over 450 written comments
– “GPS is so integrated into what I do that everything is GPS related.”
• Responses span every bureau and every state
• Caveat: DOI survey not NCO PNT activity
Who Completed the Survey?
Technical Users20%
Coordina-tors9%
Managers7%
Users64%
Breakout by Roles
USGS26%
BLM21%
NPS19%
FWS15%
BIA6%
BOR5%
NBC4%
OSM2%
Other2%
MMS >1%
Breakout by Bureau
Major Results
• Estimate 10,000 DOI GPS users • Most are part-time users • $100-200 million invested on GPS hardware and
software• $12-24 million spent annually on maintenance • Employees need and want GPS training and
education– 58 % feel they need GPS Training
• GPS meets the broad range of positional accuracies required for DOI
• GPS coordination is valued• The largest use of GPS is for the inventory and
management of natural resources
If there is an outage,A majority of users do not have a back-up
plan
What did the Comments Say?
• “I'd like to emphasize the need for GPS coordinators and training,” summarizes the view of many comments.
• “We would benefit from upgraded technology…,” is another important point made in many comments.
Key actions suggested by the survey
• Increase training and education (a priority)• Prepare for the expanded use of GPS and
related Global Navigation Satellite Systems• Support field users• Improve coordination within Bureaus, within
DOI and with other Departments• Provide Department level coordination,
policies, and guidance on the appropriate use of GPS equipment for typical GPS applications
Recommendations
• Strategic Plan for GPSDevelop a strategic plan to guide the Department’s GPS activities. The plan, more importantly the planning process, can provide a long term framework and policy support for improving GPS use.
• Work plan for GPS Near term actions, one-to two-year time frame, are suggested by the GPS survey and should be used to launch efficiencies in GPS operations and eliminate gaps in capabilities. – A work plan for training/education is a priority.
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Contact Information
Milo RobinsonSenior Advisor
U.S. National Coordination OfficeSpace-Based Positioning, Navigation and
Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20230-0001
(202) 482-0019 (703) 648-5162
[email protected]@usgs.gov