GOGO Concepts

T.D. James-Moss, Instructor2013-2014

Papa Vinc was a very good man, a very good

man indeed. As the school’s janitor, he held everything—everything—together.

Pronoun Adjective Preposition Adverb Verb Interjection Noun Conjunction

A Flashback to… The Parts of Speech

Personal Pronouns

What is a pronoun? A short word that

takes the place of a noun.

There are a few, set pronouns in the English language.

There are many kinds of pronouns, but there is still a set number of each kind.

What is a personal

pronoun? A personal pronoun

is a pronoun that can be used to describe or reference a person instead of using his or her or their names.

Personal Pronouns

Singular PluralI WeYou TheyHe/She

Personal Pronouns

CasesNominative/SubjectiveObjectivePossessive

The Nominative Personal

Pronoun

“Nominative” is another word for “name.”

Nominative Personal Pronouns are used to replace the names of persons.

To remember this, “nominative personal pronoun” is just like saying “pronoun for name of a person.”

The Nominative Personal

Pronoun’s Function

The nominative personal pronoun can be a subject in a sentence.

E.g. Have you met Brenda? She enjoys swimming on the weekends.E.g. I love this cake batter. It took only twelve minutes to bake.

The Nominative Personal

Pronoun’s Function

The nominative personal pronoun can also be used after a prepositional phrase where the subject is just being introduced.

E.g. Although the odds were against her, she did not give up.E.g. Because of Billy’s illness, he stayed home from school.

When to Use the

Nominative/SubjectiveYou use the nominative/subjective form when: When the pronoun is

functioning as a subject When the pronoun has a

subject complement When you are doing a

comparison using than or as

After any form of the verb “to be”

When to Use the Objective

You use the objective form when: When using the

pronoun as a direct object

When using the pronoun as an indirect object

When using the pronoun as the object of the preposition

Focus: The Object of the

Preposition Object: In a

sentence, the OBJECT receives the action. It is acted upon.

E.g. She hit me. “Me” is an objective pronoun. It means, that I was HIT. I received the action of the verb.

Verb: In a sentence, the verb is what is actually being performed.

E.g. She hit me. The “hitting” was

actually performed in that sentence.

NOTE: Only a noun can be an object.

Focus: The Object of the

Preposition Preposition: A part

of speech where a defined number of words are used to show origin, location or order.

aboutaboveacrossafteragainstaroundatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebesidesbetweenbeyondbydownduringexcept

forfromininsideintolikenearofoffonoutoutsideoversincethroughthroughouttilltotoward

underuntilupuponwithwithoutaccording tobecause ofby way ofin addition toin front ofin place ofin regard toin spite ofinstead ofon account ofout of

Remember Your Prepositions:

“Johnny in the Box”

Johnny InInsideInside of

OnAboveOverOutsideOutside of

UnderBelowBeneathOut of

Around

ThroughAcross

NearBesideNext to *Specials (origin)

“of” and “from”

Remember Your Prepositions:

“Johnny in the Races”FINISH

Johnny

AheadIn front ofBefore

BehindAfter

BetweenWith

“Competing” Against

The Five Forms of the Verb

Why don’t we still say that the verb is any word that shows action?

Students began to assume that any word that ended in “–ing” was a verb.

That is NOT true.

For example:Reading is fundamental.--Reading in this sentence is an activity, which is a noun. Catherine dyed all of her clothes red with one piece of bleeding fabric. --Bleeding is an adjective describing the fabric.

The 5 Forms of the Verb Base : the verb w/out any

transformation, no suffixes Present: the verb w/ “-s” suffix

added to show present tense Past: the verb w/ “-ed” suffix

added to show past tense Perfect: the verb w/ “-ed” OR “-

en” suffix added to show completion in the present or past

Progressive: the verb w/ “-ing” suffix added to show continuation in the present or past

Base: SwimPresent: SwimsPast: Swam (irr.)Perfect: SwumProg.: Swimming

*Note: Swim is an irregular verb!