History of Health Care

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Lessons1. Ancient Times Go2. Middle Ages and Renaissance Go3. Industrial Revolution and Modern Era Go http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i

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History of Health CareT

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Lesson 1 – Primitive Times

4000 to 3000 BC

People believed that illness was caused by supernatural beings.

Several herbs and plants were used as medicine.

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First Known Form of Surgery

◦ Trepanning Allowed evil spirits

to leave a sick person

Most ancient form of surgery

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Lesson 1 – Ancient Egyptians and Babylonians

Egyptians – 3000 BC▫ Magic and religion▫ Conservative physicians▫ Imhotep –first physician◦ Kept accurate health

records

Babylonians – 2000 BC▫ Similar to Egyptians▫ Physicians are paid for

services

Both cultures had poor sanitation and hygiene.

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Lesson 1 – Ancient Hindus and Chinese

Hindus – 1500 BC▫ Hospitals and Nurses▫ Many types of

surgeries▫ Knowledge of drugs▫ Sewers –improved

sanitary conditions and slowed spread of disease

Chinese – 3000 BC ▫ Documented over 1000

medical herbs▫ Acupuncture

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Lesson 1 – Ancient Greeks

2000 to 400 BC

Hippocrates▫ Father of Medicine▫ Observation and Note-

taking▫ Hippocratic Oath

Aristotle▫ Anatomy

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Lesson 1 – Ancient Romans

200 BC to 500 AD Claudius Galen

▫ Ignored the practice of patient observation

▫ Four body fluids▫ Many flawed theories

Established superior drainage systems and set up public hospitals

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Lesson 1 – Dark Ages

542 AD – First episode of the bubonic plague.

Rome is overthrown by barbarians, and the study of medicine is forbidden.

People return to religion, magic, and folklore to cure disease.

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Lesson 1 – The End of an Era

Many medical discoveries were made during the ancient time period. However, the era ended just as it began.

The majority of people who lived in the ancient world believed that sickness was directly linked to a supernatural being.

They believed that sickness could only be cured through obedience, prayer, and religious rites.

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Lesson 2 – Middle Ages

800 to 1300 AD Moslem Arab Empire

▫ Pharmacology▫ Rhazes

First medical school

Common people are treated by barber surgeons.

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Lesson 2 – Black Death

1347 to 1352 AD

Second episode of the bubonic plague

Over one-third of Europe’s population died.

Many Europeans challenge the belief that religion is the cure for disease.

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Lesson 2 – The Renaissance

1350 to 1700 AD

Many Europeans reject their commitment to religion.

Andreas Vesalius published the first human anatomy book.

The microscope is invented.

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Lesson 2 – Result of the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Reason and intellect had replaced religion and superstition in the medical field.

The cause of disease was still a mystery.

Typical life span was about 40 years.

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Lesson 3 – The Industrial Revolution

1700 and 1800’s

Advances in chemistry and physics

Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization.

Joseph Lister develops methods of medical asepsis.

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Lesson 3 – Structure and Function

1778 - John Hunter inserts a feeding tube into a patient.

1796 - Edward Jenner gives the first vaccination.

1822 - William Beaumont fully describes the digestive system.

Mid 1800’s - Anesthetics are used for surgeries.

Early 1900’s - Elias Metnikoff explains the function of white blood cells.

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Lesson 3 – The Modern Era

1900 to Present

1932 – Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

Early 1900’s – Wilhelm von Roentgen developed the X-ray machine.

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Lesson 3 – Technological Advancements

Francis Crick and James Watson discover DNA.

Organ transplants become successful.

Infertile couples have children through in vitro fertilization.

Childhood vaccinations eliminate many viral diseases.

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Lesson 3 – Health Insurance

Health insurance plans were developed in the 1920’s.

Medicare and Medicaid.

Hospitals were organized into specialized units.

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Lesson 3 – The Future

The future of medicine is full of promise.

Medical innovations should be explored with caution.

Health care workers must stay open-minded and flexible.