GOES-R Hyperspectral Sensor/Science Requirements

Timothy J. Schmit

NOAA/NESDIS/STAR

Advanced Satellite Products Branch (ASPB)

Madison, WI

And many others

MURI MeetingJune 9, 2005

GOES-R • Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)• Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)

– Disk Sounding– Severe Weather Mesoscale– Coastal Imager

• Solar Instrument Suite (SIS)• Space Environment In Situ Suite (SEISS)• Auxiliary Services (AUX)• Magnetometer (MAG)• Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM)

Oth

er U

sers

NWS

OAR

NOS

NMFS

NMAO

PPI

NOAA Users

NESDIS

Eco

syst

ems,

Wea

ther

& W

ater

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ate,

C

om

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ce &

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GPRD

Aerosols

PrecipitationAtmospheri

c Profiles

Ocean

Space & Solar

Clouds

Land

Requirements

Atmospheric RadianceAtmospheri

c Winds

Coastal Waters & Estuaries

Mapping Requirements To System Solutions

Coronagraph

Microwave Sounder/Imager

Po

tential

P3I

Hyperspectral Environmental

Suite (HES)

Adv. Baseline Imager (ABI)

Solar Imaging Suite (SIS)

Space Env In-Situ Suite

(SEISS)

Instruments

GOES Lightning Mapper (GLM)

Baselin

e Instru

men

ts

Hyperspectral Imager

Solar Irradiance Sensor

GOES-R System

MRD

Tasks 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

A&O Co ntract

SAT A1

ABI

SIS

SEISS

SAT B1

HES

GLM

SAT A2

SAT B2

SAT A3

SAT B3

SAT A4

SAT B4

07/07

PDR

04/08

CDR

01/09 04/18

10/10

09/1206/1209/10

LRDShip

09/04

FM1 FM2 FM3 FM4

04/11 10/12 04/14

09/06 03/11 06/12 09/13 12/14

FM1 FM4FM3FM2

FM1 FM4FM3FM2

10/10 10/11 10/12 10/1304/06

06/1309/11

LRDShip

09/13

FM1 FM4FM3FM2

10/11 04/13 10/14 04/1610/06

FM1 FM4FM3FM2

10/11 10/12 10/13 10/1404/07

04/1401/1410/12

LRDShip

10/1507/1504/14

LRDShip

04/1701/1710/15

LRDShip

04/1501/1510/13

LRDShip

10/1607/1604/15

LRDShip

04/1801/1810/16

LRDShip

09/05 09/06

09/07 09/08

04/07 04/08

10/07 10/08

04/08 04/09

PDR CDR

PDR CDR

PDR CDR

PDR CDR

PDR CDR

GOES-R Program ScheduleAs of: 22 Mar 05

Ocean (example):

Atmosphere (example):

Land (example):

Space

NOAA Observational requirements are separated by discipline:

Surface Emissivity

Surface Albedo

Vegetation FractionVegetation Index

Sea & Lake Ice / Displacement & Direction

Sea & Lake Ice / Age

Sea & Lake Ice / Concentration

Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Characterization

Sea & Lake Ice / Surface Temp

Currents

Ocean Color

Ocean Optical Properties

Ocean Turbidity

Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Edge

Sea & Lake Ice / Motion

Sea & Lake Ice / Thickness

Ice Cover / Landlocked

Snow Cover

Snow Depth

Sea Surface Temps

Energetic Heavy Ions

Solar & Galactic Protons

Solar Flux: EUV

Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy

Solar Flux: X-Ray

Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy

Solar Imagery: X-Ray

Derived Stability Indices

Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile

Rainfall Potential

Dust/Aerosol

Probability of Rainfall

Rainfall Rate

Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile

Capping Inversion Information

Moisture Flux

Total Precipitable Water

Total Water Content

Pressure Profile

Downward Solar Insolation

CO Concentration

Upward Longwave Radiation

Ozone Total

Downward Longwave Radiation

Radiances

Absorbed Shortwave Radiation

Reflected Solar Insolation

Fire / Hot Spot Imagery

Flood / Standing Water

Microburst Wind Speed Potential

Derived Motion Winds

SO2 Detection

Land Surface (Skin) Temperature

Clear Sky Masks

GOES-R Observational Requirements

ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager

HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite

SEISS – Space Env. In-Situ Suite

SIS – Solar Instrument Suite

GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper

Magnetometer

Aerosol Detection

Aerosol Particle Size

Suspended Matter

Volcanic Ash

Aircraft Icing Threat

Cloud & Moisture Imagery

Cloud Imagery

Cloud Layers / Heights & Thickness

Cloud Particle Size Distribution

Cloud Base Height

Cloud Ice Water Path

Cloud Liquid Water

Cloud Optical Depth

Cloud Top Phase

Cloud Top Height

Cloud Top Pressure

Cloud Type

Cloud Top Temperature

Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection

Hurricane Intensity

Convection Initiation

Imagery: All-Weather / Day - Night

Lightning Detection

Low Cloud & Fog

Turbulence

Visibility

Geomagnetic Field

Sounder Comparison (GOES-Current to HES-Req)

Coverage Rate CONUS/hr Sounding Disk/hr

Horizontal Resolution

- Sampling Distance 10 km 10 km

- Individual Sounding 30-50 km 10 km

Vertical resolution ~3 km 1 km

Accuracy

Temperature 2 deg. K 1 deg. K

Relative Humidity 20% 10%

Current Requirement

HES• The Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) will be located on a

geostationary platform. – 2013– NOAA operational– Currently in formulation phase

• HES is an outgrowth of earlier ABS efforts– HES includes the functionality of the old Advanced Baseline Sounder

(ABS) – HES has been expanded to include other capabilities for environmental

monitoring employing the improved temporal resolution from GEO. • Coastal Ocean• Open Ocean• Land

HES-IR Tasks• HES - Disk Sounding (HES-DS)

– Provide vertical moisture and temperature information, and other environmental data that will be used by NOAA and other public and private agencies to produce routine meteorological analyses and forecasts

– Provide data that may be used to extend knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere and its processes in order to improve short/long-term weather forecasts.

• HES - Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M)– Provide environmental data that can be used to expand knowledge of

mesoscale and synoptic scale storm development and provide data that may be used to help in forecasting severe weather events.

– Backup mode in the event of a GOES-R ABI failure (both).

HES-Disk Sounding (HES-DS) task

• Spatial Resolution– IR: Threshold=10 km, Goal=2 km, – Vis: Threshold=1.0 km, Goal= 0.5 km

• Coverage rate (Threshold)– 62 degree LZA / hour

at 10 km resolution• Coverage area must

be flexible and selectable.

HES-Severe Weather/Mesoscale task• Spatial Resolution

– IR: Threshold=4 km, Goal=2 km, – Vis: Threshold=1.0 km, Goal= 0.5 km

• Coverage rate– 1000 km x 1000 km (locations vary) in 4.4 minutes– Coverage area must be flexible and selectable.

• Spectral coverage:– Specific examples are cited in the MRD, same as HES-DS

• Spectral resolution: – 15 um CO2 band: 0.6 cm-1, Windows: 0.6-1.0 cm-1, Ozone: 1 cm-1,

H2O: 1-2 cm-1, near 4 um: 2.5 cm-1, Visible: 0.18 um

IR Spectral Coverage (DS or SW/M)

5Note that

0.625cm-1 1.25cm-1 2.5cm-1

0.625 cm-1 0.625 cm-1

0.6 cm-1 0.6 cm-1

CO2

(T)

Important lines for cloud emissivity and cloud type

Ozone “Traditional Side of

H2O absorption”

CO2 weak H2OCO N2O Temperature

Example 2

Example 1

IR Spectral Coverage (DS or SW/M)

5

HES

HES’

Much improved spatial coverage with the HES Sounder

Current GOES Sounder coverage in one hour

CIMSS

GOES-R HES Sounder coverage in one hour

Cloud Top Pressure

Hyperspectral Environmental SuiteCoastal Waters

• Coastal Water (CW) Imaging– Coastal Waters within 400 km– Vis Spatial resolution 300 m – Spectral Range 0.4 m - 1.0 m– 180 minutes hour refresh rate– Can look over land also

• Air quality applications• Locate many tornado tracks• Flood extent• Hurricanes

HES-CW coverage without cloud mask information from the ABI

Default schedule might be to scan along entire coast.

HES-CW coverage with cloud mask information from the ABI

Cloud mask from ABI would suggest to not scan over cloudy regions and hence other regions could be scanned.

From Dan Mandl, NASA

Real-time, autonomous test on February 5th

Table 2a. HES-Severe Weather/Mesoscale (SW/M) coverage rates.

Table 2b. HES-Disk Sounder (DS) coverage rates.

Table 2c. HES-Coastal Waters (CW) coverage rates.

Estimated (required) coverage times of typical areas at various spatial resolutions for the HES

Other important inputs for HES data collection locations could be: NWP, sounding instability, ABI cloud mask, NPOESS, operator, etc.

Time (UTC)

ABI HES-Sounder

HES-CW

12:45 FD 10km-CONUS 12:50 FD 12:55 FD CW area 13:00 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 13:05 CONUS+MSS CW area 13:10 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 13:15 FD CW area 13:20 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 13:25 CONUS+MSS CW area 13:30 FD 4km-MS 13:35 CONUS+MSS CW area 13:40 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 13:45 FD 10km-CONUS 13:50 FD 13:55 FD CW area 14:00 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 14:05 CONUS+MSS CW area 14:10 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 14:15 FD CW area 14:20 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 14:25 CONUS+MSS CW area 14:30 FD 4km-MS 14:35 CONUS+MSS CW area 14:40 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 14:45 FD 10km-CONUS 14:50 FD 14:55 FD CW area 15:00 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 15:05 CONUS+MSS CW area 15:10 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 15:15 FD CW area 15:20 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 15:25 CONUS+MSS CW area 15:30 FD 4km-MS 15:35 CONUS+MSS CW area 15:40 CONUS+MSS 4km-MS 15:45 FD 10km-CONUS 15:50 FD 15:55 FD 4km-MS 16:00 CONUS+MSS Land mode (1200kmx1200km)

Sample GOES-R 3-hour schedule for the ABI and (1 telescope design) HES

MSS = Mesoscale Scans from the ABIMS = HES-Sounder mesoscale

mode FD = Full imaging disk scan FSD = Full “sounding” disk scan

• Visible image to show the cloud cover (GOES-East Example).• What follows is a HES example coverage loop.

Visible image example

HES-Sounding simulation at 10 km

20:45 UTC

HES-Coastal Waters

20:55 UTC

21:00 UTC

HES-Sounding at 4 km

21:05 UTC

HES-Coastal Waters

21:10 UTC

HES-Sounding 4 km

21:15 UTC

HES-Coastal Waters

21:20 UTC

HES-Sounding 4 km

21:25 UTC

HES-Coastal Waters

21:30 UTC

HES-Sounding 4 km

21:35 UTC

HES-Coastal Waters

21:40 UTC

HES-Sounding 4 km

21:45 UTC

HES-Sounding 10 km

The great amount of information from the GOES-R series will both offer a continuation of current product and services, and also allow for improved or new capabilities.

These products, based on validated requirements, will cover a wide range of phenomena. This includes applications relating to: weather, ocean, coastal zones, land, hazards, solar and space.

The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES), the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), the space and solar instrument suites (Solar Imaging Suite (SIS) and the Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS) on GOES-R will enable much improved monitoring compared to current capabilities.

GOES-R

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/http://osd.goes.noaa.gov/http://www.osd.noaa.gov/

http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goesr_industry.htm

39

Fourth GOES-R Users’ Conference:

• May 1-3 2006:– Location: Broomfield CO– Will focus on User Readiness

–For more info:•http://www.osd.noaa.gov/announcement/index.htm

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