Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) on GOES-R UW-Madison James J....

Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)

on GOES-R

UW-Madison

James J. GurkaOffice of System Development (OSD)

NOAA/NESDIS

Jun Li@, W. Paul Menzel#, Timothy J. Schmit#, and many CIMSS collaborators

@CIMSS/UW-Madison#NOAA/NESDIS/STAR

2nd Annual AMS SymposiumFuture National Operational Environmental Satellites Feb 1, 2006 Atlanta, GA


on GOES-R

UW-Madison

Heritage Sounders (GOES, NAST-I, IMG, AIRS, GIFTS)Hyperspectral Environmental Suite

Dealing with CloudsUsing ABI in tandem

Summary


The road to HES-IR

VAS (1980-)

GOES Sounder (1994-)

GIFTS (2009?)

(12)

(18)

(~1600)

(~1600)

HES (2012+)

time

VTPR, HIRS (1972, 1978-)

CrIS (2009-)

IASI (2005-)

AIRS (2003-)

HIS (1986-)

IRIS (1969)

(~2400)

(~8500)

IMG (1997)

NAST-I (1998-)

(~1300)

(~8600)

(~23000)

HES will be the first operational high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution instrument

Current GOES sounder obtains 18 broad spectral IR bands

LEO VS. GEO 850hPa RH Validation

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hour

S1

Sco

re

CONV

LEO

GEO-I

Significant Findings from GOES-R Sounder OSSE Two polar orbiting interferometers (Leo) do not provide the temporal coverage to sustain forecast improvement out to 12 hours. Only the hourly Geo-Increased Spectral Resolution Sounder (Geo-I) observations depict moisture changes well enough for forecast benefit.

OSSE 12 hr assimilation followed by 12 hr forecast

Guess CIMSS Physical

Guess CIMSS Physical

Inversion

Inferring surface properties with AIRS high spectral resolution dataBarren region detection if T1086 < T981 T(981 cm-1)-T(1086 cm-1)

T(1086 cm-1)

Barren vs Water/Vegetated

AIRS data from 14 June 2002

Hyperspectral Dust/Aerosol Modeling

kCARTA+DISORT, spectral resolution = 0.0025 cm-1

Negative slope

Effect of Dust Particle Sizes Effect of Dust Layer Location

Green – Clear Spectrum

Negative Slope 880 to 920 cm-1– The Dust Signature

10 May 2003 (1554 UT)

Anatahan Volcano viewed with AIRS

SO2 signal1284-1345 cm-1

Ash signal1228-995 cm-1

Anatahan

AbsScatTot

Tobin, CIMSS, 2004

Isabel Eye Sounding from AIRS

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Temperature Anomaly (C)

Pre

ss

ure

(h

Pa

)

Eye Sounding

EnvironmentSounding

Eye - Environment Temperature

Integrate Hydrostatic Equation Downward from 100 hPa to SurfaceEnvironment Sounding: Ps = 1012 hPaEye Sounding: Ps = 936 hPaAircraft Recon: Ps = 933 hPa DeMaria, CIRA, 2004


on GOES-R

UW-Madison

Heritage SoundersHyperspectral Environmental Suite


Summary


Future GOES

Future GOES will address all four key remote sensing areas

* spatial resolution – what picture element size is required to identify feature of interest and to capture its spatial variability;

* spectral coverage and resolution – what part of EM spectrum at each spatial element should be measured, and with what spectral resolution, to

analyze an atmospheric or surface parameter;* temporal resolution – how often does feature of interest need to be

observed; and * radiometric resolution – what signal to noise is required and how

accurate does an observation need to be.

Sounder Comparison (GOES-Current to HES-Req)

Coverage Rate CONUS/hr Sounding Disk/hr

Horizontal Resolution

- Sampling Distance 10 km 4 - 10 km

- Individual Sounding 30-50 km 10 km

Vertical resolution ~3 km 1 km

Accuracy

Temperature 2 deg. K 1 deg. K

Relative Humidity 20% 10%

Current Requirement

Surface Emissivity

Surface Albedo

Vegetation FractionVegetation Index

Sea & Lake Ice / Displacement & Direction

Sea & Lake Ice / Age

Sea & Lake Ice / Concentration

Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Characterization

Sea & Lake Ice / Surface Temp

Currents

Ocean Color

Ocean Optical Properties

Ocean Turbidity

Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Edge

Sea & Lake Ice / Motion

Sea & Lake Ice / Thickness

Ice Cover / Landlocked

Snow Cover

Snow Depth

Sea Surface Temps

Energetic Heavy Ions

Solar & Galactic Protons

Solar Flux: EUV

Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy

Solar Flux: X-Ray

Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy

Solar Imagery: X-Ray

Derived Stability Indices

Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile

Rainfall Potential

Dust/Aerosol

Probability of Rainfall

Rainfall Rate

Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile

Capping Inversion Information

Moisture Flux

Total Precipitable Water

Total Water Content

Pressure Profile

Downward Solar Insolation

CO Concentration

Upward Longwave Radiation

Ozone Total

Downward Longwave Radiation

Radiances

Absorbed Shortwave Radiation

Reflected Solar Insolation

Fire / Hot Spot Imagery

Flood / Standing Water

Microburst Wind Speed Potential

Derived Motion Winds

SO2 Detection

Land Surface (Skin) Temperature

Clear Sky Masks

GOES-R Observational Requirements

ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager

HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite

SEISS – Space Env. In-Situ Suite

SIS – Solar Instrument Suite

GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper

Magnetometer

Aerosol Detection

Aerosol Particle Size

Suspended Matter

Volcanic Ash

Aircraft Icing Threat

Cloud & Moisture Imagery

Cloud Imagery

Cloud Layers / Heights & Thickness

Cloud Particle Size Distribution

Cloud Base Height

Cloud Ice Water Path

Cloud Liquid Water

Cloud Optical Depth

Cloud Top Phase

Cloud Top Height

Cloud Top Pressure

Cloud Type

Cloud Top Temperature

Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection

Hurricane Intensity

Convection Initiation

Imagery: All-Weather / Day - Night

Lightning Detection

Low Cloud & Fog

Turbulence

Visibility

Geomagnetic Field

14

HES-IR Tasks• HES - Disk Sounding (HES-DS)

– Provide vertical moisture and temperature information, and other environmental data that will be used by NOAA and other public and private agencies to produce routine meteorological analyses and forecasts

– Provide data that may be used to extend knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere and its processes in order to improve short/long-term weather forecasts.

• HES - Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M)– Provide environmental data that can be used to expand knowledge of

mesoscale and synoptic scale storm development and provide data that may be used to help in forecasting severe weather events.

– 1000 x 1000 km in less than 5 minutes

Targeted observations -- look where we need the information

UW/NOAA

HES

Moisture Weighting Functions

Pre

ssur

e (h

Pa)

Pre

ssur

e (h

Pa)

Advanced Sounder

GOES (18)

1000 1000

100 100

UW/CIMSS

High spectral resolution advanced sounder will have more and sharper weighting functions compared to current GOES

sounder. Retrievals will have better vertical resolution.

TPW 01km/MODIS TPW 02km/ABI on GOES-R

TPW 04km/GIFTS TPW 10km/HES on GOES-R

GOES-R / MTG IR sounder spectral coverage considerations

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Spectral coverage details are not yet fully defined.

spectral coverage spectral resolution

HES 6 bands (red): LWCO2[718-800](0.625) + LWW[800-990](0.625) + SWW[1075-1200](0.625) + LWH2O[1210-1666](1.25) + SWH2O[1666-2150](1.25) + SWCO2[2150-2400](2.5)

CrIS (blue): LW[650-1095](0.625) + MW[1210-1750](1.25) + SW[2155-2550](2.5)GIFTS (green): LW[685-1200](0.625) + SW[1650-2250](0.625)HES 3 bands (black): LWW[800-990](0.625) + LWH2O[1210-1666](0.625) + SWCO2[2150-2400](2.5)


on GOES-R

UW-Madison



Summary


AIRS BT(K) @ 901.69 cm-1 1km MODIS classification mask superimposed to AIRS footprints

F3: Thick ice clouds

Profile Retrievals in Cirrus Clouds with NAST-IProfile Retrievals in Cirrus Clouds with NAST-I

NASA SRL dataMay 30, 2002 (19.5 – 23 UT)

(37.8N, 100W)

Aerosol Backscatter

Thin cirrus produces little effect on retrievalThin cirrus produces little effect on retrieval

May 30, 2002o

o

GOES IR (2208UT)

o

SRL

SRL

Flight Track

GOES IR (2208UT)

o

GOES Visible (2208 UT)

Flight Track


on GOES-R

UW-Madison



Summary


Improved products will be realized from combinations of ABI and HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) data

(IR and Visible/near IR on the HES-Coastal Water)!

ABI

HES

Surface emissivity

Spectral coverage

Spectral resolution

Temporalresolution

Spatialresolution

Cloudmasking

Using ABI for HES cloud-clearing

• ABI and HES see the same IR spectral regions

• ABI can be used for QC on HES cloud-cleared radiances and sounding retrieval

Aqua MODIS IR SRF Overlay on AIRS Spectrum

Direct spectral relationship between IR MODIS and AIRS provides unique application of MODIS in AIRS cloud_clearing !

AIRS clear(13.5 km)

AIRS clear + CC-S(13.5 km)

MODIS clear(1 km)


on GOES-R

UW-Madison



Summary


GOES-R HES temporal (hourly), spectral (~1 cm-1), spatial (4-10 km), & radiometric (~0.1 K) capabilities will

* depict water vapor as never before by identifying small scale features of moisture vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere

* track atmospheric motions much better by discriminating more levels of motion and assigning heights more accurately

* characterize life cycle of clouds (cradle to grave) and identify cloud particle sizes (useful for radiative effects of clouds)

* measure surface temperatures (land and sea) by accounting for emissivity effects (improved SSTs useful for sea level altimetry applications)

Summary

* GOES Sounder utilization is still evolving; there is another decade of opportunity

* Excellent data sets are being gathered to facilitate hyperspectral sounder science and algorithm development (GOES-R3 & GOES AWG)

* The right balance of spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric capabilities must be specified

* Combination of ABI and HES will give new and improved products

More information…

NASA’s (draft) HES PORD (PERFORMANCE AND

OPERATION REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT):http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/HEShome.htm

GOES-R Program Office Portal:https://osd.goes.noaa.gov/

CIMSS page:http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/

Email:[email protected]

Infrared measurements from the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) on GOES-R UW-Madison James J....

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