GMP_Prashant

8/7/2019 GMP_Prashant

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SUBMITTED BY:-PRASHANT KUMAR

M.PHARMACY

PHARMACEUTICS 2ND

SEMESTER

(Control of Components and Drug Product, Containers and Closures)

(Packaging and Labeling Control )


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GMP is that part of Quality assurance whichensures that the products are consistentlymanufactured and controlled to the Quality

standards appropriate to their intended use

"GMP" - A set of principles and procedureswhich, when followed by manufacturers for

therapeutic goods, helps ensure that theproducts manufactured will have the requiredquality.


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A basic tenet of GMP is that quality cannot betested into a batch of product but must be builtinto each batch of product during all stages of

the manufacturing process.

It is designed to minimize the risks involved inany pharmaceutical production that cannot be

eliminated through testing the final product.


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1. Design and construct the facilities and equipmentsproperly2. Follow written procedures and Instructions3. Document work4. Validate work

5. Monitor facilities and equipment6. Write step by step operating procedures and work on

instructions7. Design ,develop and demonstrate job competence8. Protect against contamination9. Control components and product related processes10. Conduct planned and periodic audits


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1. General Provision2. Organization & Personnel3. Building & Facilities4. Equipment

5. Control of Components & Drug ProductContainers & Closures

6. Production & Process Control7. Packaging & Labeling Control

8. Handling & Distribution9. Laboratory Control10. Records & Reports11. Returned & Salvaged Drugs


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211.80 - General requirements. 211.82 - Receipt and storage of untested components, drug product

containers, and closures. 211.84 - Testing and approval or rejection of components, drugproduct containers, and closures. 211.86 - Use of approved components, drug product containers, and

closures. 211.87 - Retesting of approved components, drug product containers,and closures. 211.89 - Rejected components, drug product containers, and closures. 211.94 - Drug product containers and closures.

Control of Components and Drug

Product Containers and Closures


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(a) There shall bewritten procedures describing in sufficient detail thereceipt, identification, storage, handling, sampling, testing, and approval orrejection of components and drug product containers and closures; suchwritten procedures shall be followed.(b) Components and drug product containers and closures shall at all timesbe handled and stored in a manner to prevent contamination.

(c) Bagged or boxed components of drug product containers, or closuresshall be stored off the floor and suitably spaced to permit cleaning andinspection.(d) Each container or grouping of containers for components or drugproduct containers, or closures shall be identified with a distinctive codefor each lot in each shipment received. This code shall be used in recording

the disposition of each lot. Each lot shall be appropriately identified as toits status (i.e., quarantined, approved, or rejected).


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(a) Upon receipt and before acceptance, each container or groupingof containers of components, drug product containers, and closures

shall be examined visually for appropriate labeling as to contents,container damage or broken seals, and contamination.(b) Components, drug product containers, and closures shall bestored under quarantine until they have been tested or examined,whichever is appropriate, and released. Storage within the area shall

conform to the requirements of 211.80.


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(a) Each lot of components, drug product containers, and closures shall bewithheld from use until the lot has been sampled, tested, or examined, asappropriate, and released for use by the quality control unit.(b) Representative samples of each shipment of each lot shall be collected fortesting or examination. The number of containers to be sampled, and theamount of material to be taken from each container, shall be based uponappropriate criteria such as statistical criteria for component variability,confidence levels, and degree of precision desired, the past quality historyof the supplier, and the quantity needed for analysis and reserve whererequired by 211.170.(c) Samples shall be collected in accordance with the following procedures:(1) The containers of components selected shall be cleaned when necessaryin a manner to prevent introduction of contaminants into the component.(2) The containers shall be opened, sampled, and resealed in a mannerdesigned to prevent contamination of their contents and contamination ofother components, drug product containers, or closures.


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(3) Sterile equipment and aseptic sampling techniques shall be used whennecessary.(4) If it is necessary to sample a component from the top, middle, and bottom ofits container, such sample subdivisions shall not be composited for testing.(5) Sample containers shall be identified so that the following information can bedetermined: name of the material sampled, the lot number, the container from

which the sample was taken, the date on which the sample was taken, and thename of the person who collected the sample.(6) Containers from which samples have been taken shall be marked to show thatsamples have been removed from them.(d) Samples shall be examined and tested as follows:(1) At least one test shall be conducted to verify the identity of each component ofa drug product. Specific identity tests, if they exist, shall be used.(2) Each component shall be tested for conformity with all appropriate writtenspecifications for purity, strength, and quality. In lieu of such testing by themanufacturer, a report of analysis may be accepted from the supplier of acomponent, provided that at least one specific identity test is conducted on suchcomponent by the manufacturer, and provided that the manufacturer establishesthe reliability of the supplier's analyses through appropriate validation of the

supplier's test results at appropriate intervals.


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(3) Containers and closures shall be tested for conformity with all appropriatewritten specifications. In lieu of such testing by the manufacturer, a certificateof testing may be accepted from the supplier, provided that at least a visualidentification is conducted on such containers/closures by the manufacturerand provided that the manufacturer establishes the reliability of the supplier'stest results through appropriate validation of the supplier's test results atappropriate intervals.

(4) When appropriate, components shall be microscopically examined.(5) Each lot of a component, drug product container, or closure that is liable tocontamination with filth, insect infestation, or other extraneous adulterantshall be examined against established specifications for such contamination.(6) Each lot of a component, drug product container, or closure with potentialfor microbiological contamination that is objectionable in view of its intended

use shall be subjected to microbiological tests before use.(e) Any lot of components, drug product containers, or closures that meets theappropriate written specifications of identity, strength, quality, and purity andrelated tests under paragraph (d) of this section may be approved andreleased for use. Any lot of such material that does not meet suchspecifications shall be rejected.


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Components, drug product containers, and closures approved for use shall berotated so that the oldest approved stock is used first. Deviation from thisrequirement is permitted if such deviation is temporary and appropriate.

Components, drug product containers, and closures shall be retested orreexamined, as appropriate, for identity, strength, quality, and purity andapproved or rejected by the quality control unit in accordance with 211.84 asnecessary, e.g., after storage for long periods or after exposure to air, heat orother conditions that might adversely affect the component, drug productcontainer, or closure.


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Rejected components, drug product containers, and closures shall beidentified and controlled under a quarantine system designed to prevent theiruse in manufacturing or processing operations for which they are unsuitable.

(a) Drug product containers and closures shall not be reactive, additive, or

absorptive so as to alter the safety, identity, strength, quality, or purity of thedrug beyond the official or established requirements.(b) Container closure systems shall provide adequate protection againstforeseeable external factors in storage and use that can cause deterioration orcontamination of the drug product.

(c) Drug product containers and closures shall be clean and, where indicatedby the nature of the drug, sterilized and processed to remove pyrogenicproperties to assure that they are suitable for their intended use. Suchdepyrogenation processes shall be validated.(d) Standards or specifications, methods of testing, and, where indicated,methods of cleaning, sterilizing, and processing to remove pyrogenic

properties shall be written and followed for drug product containers andclosures.


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211.100 - Written procedures; deviations. 211.101 - Charge-in of components. 211.103 - Calculation of yield. 211.105 - Equipment identification.

211.110 - Sampling and testing of in-process materials and drugproducts. 211.111 - Time limitations on production. 211.113 - Control of microbiological contamination. 211.115 - Reprocessing.


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(a) There shall be written procedures for production and process controldesigned to assure that the drug products have the identity, strength,quality, and purity they purport or are represented to possess. Suchprocedures shall include all requirements in this subpart. These writtenprocedures, including any changes, shall be drafted, reviewed, and

approved by the appropriate organizational units and reviewed andapproved by the quality control unit.(b) Written production and process control procedures shall be followed inthe execution of the various production and process control functions andshall be documented at the time of performance. Any deviation from thewritten procedures shall be recorded and justified.


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Written production and control procedures shall include the following, which

are designed to assure that the drug products produced have the identity,strength, quality, and purity they purport or are represented to possess:(a) The batch shall be formulated with the intent to provide not less than 100percent of the labeled or established amount of active ingredient.(b) Components for drug product manufacturing shall be weighed, measured,or subdivided as appropriate. If a component is removed from the original

container to another, the new container shall be identified with the followinginformation:(1) Component name or item code;(2) Receiving or control number;(3) Weight or measure in new container;(4) Batch for which component was dispensed, including its product name,

strength, and lot number.(c) Weighing, measuring, or subdividing operations for components shall beadequately supervised. Each container of component dispensed tomanufacturing shall be examined by a second person to assure that:(1) The component was released by the quality control unit;(2) The weight or measure is correct as stated in the batch production records;


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(3) The containers are properly identified. If the weighing, measuring, orsubdividing operations are performed by automated equipment under 211.68,only one person is needed to assure paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2), and (c)(3) of this

section.(d) Each component shall either be added to the batch by one person andverified by a second person or, if the components are added by automatedequipment under 211.68, only verified by one person.

Actual yields and percentages of theoretical yield shall be determined at theconclusion of each appropriate phase of manufacturing, processing, packaging,or holding of the drug product. Such calculations shall either be performed byone person and independently verified by a second person, or, if the yield iscalculated by automated equipment under 211.68, be independently verified byone person.

(a) All compounding and storage containers, processing lines, and majorequipment used during the production of a batch of a drug product shall beproperly identified at all times to indicate their contents and, when necessary, thephase of processing of the batch.


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(b) Major equipment shall be identified by a distinctive identification numberor code that shall be recorded in the batch production record to show thespecific equipment used in the manufacture of each batch of a drug product. In

cases where only one of a particular type of equipment exists in amanufacturing facility, the name of the equipment may be used in lieu of adistinctive identification number or code.

(a) To assure batch uniformity and integrity of drug products, written proceduresshall be established and followed that describe the in-process controls, and tests,or examinations to be conducted on appropriate samples of in-process materialsof each batch. Such control procedures shall be established to monitor the outputand to validate the performance of those manufacturing processes that may beresponsible for causing variability in the characteristics of in-process material andthe drug product. Such control procedures shall include, but are not limited to, thefollowing, where appropriate:(1) Tablet or capsule weight variation;(2) Disintegration time;(3) Adequacy of mixing to assure uniformity and homogeneity;(4) Dissolution time and rate;(5) Clarity, completeness, or pH of solutions.

(6) Bioburden testing.


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(b) Valid in-process specifications for such characteristics shall be consistentwith drug product final specifications and shall be derived from previousacceptable process average and process variability estimates where possible

and determined by the application of suitable statistical procedures whereappropriate. Examination and testing of samples shall assure that the drugproduct and in-process material conform to specifications.(c) In-process materials shall be tested for identity, strength, quality, and purityas appropriate, and approved or rejected by the quality control unit, during theproduction process, e.g., at commencement or completion of significant phases

or after storage for long periods.(d) Rejected in-process materials shall be identified and controlled under aquarantine system designed to prevent their use in manufacturing orprocessing operations for which they are unsuitable.

When appropriate, time limits for the completion of each phase of productionshall be established to assure the quality of the drug product. Deviation fromestablished time limits may be acceptable if such deviation does notcompromise the quality of the drug product. Such deviation shall be justifiedand documented.


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(a) Appropriate written procedures, designed to prevent objectionable

microorganisms in drug products not required to be sterile, shall be establishedand followed.(b) Appropriate written procedures, designed to prevent microbiologicalcontamination of drug products purporting to be sterile, shall be establishedand followed. Such procedures shall include validation of all aseptic andsterilization processes

(a) Written procedures shall be established and followed prescribing a systemfor reprocessing batches that do not conform to standards or specifications andthe steps to be taken to insure that the reprocessed batches will conform with all

established standards, specifications, and characteristics.(b) Reprocessing shall not be performed without the review and approval of thequality control unit.


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