Globalization
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Transcript of Globalization
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Globalization
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What is Globalization?
According to Merriam Webster, it is—
1) the act or process of globalizing: the state of being globalized.
2) the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper
foreign labor markets
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Expanded definitionAccording to the
World Health Organization, there 3 aspects of globalization:
1) Spatial—internationally, there are increased amounts of the following: trade, communication, migration, and cultural exchange, etc.
2) Temporal—internationally, there is increased speed in the following: communications, trade, resource depletion, and political change, etc.
3) Cognitive—internationally there is an increased spread of neo-liberal values such as free trade, democracy, and human rights, etc.
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Interesting statistics Richest entities in the world
(2007)
1) USA—GNI (in billions)—12,219.9
2) Japan—4,976.520) WAL-MART—351.2 21) EXXON MOBIL—347.323) ROYAL DUTCH SHELL—
318.825) Saudi Arabia—289.226) Indonesia—282.2 28) BRITISH PETROLEUM—
274.441) Iran—177.3
Source—World Bank, taken from World Politics by Kegley and Blanton (2010)
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Spatial—Increased International Trade
Cocoa Cola does only 32% of its business in North America
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Spatial—Trade: Another Example
EXON Mobile drills in 21 counties around the world.
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Spatial—Trade Cont…
Improvements in transportation technology make shipping enormous quantities of goods possible.
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Temporal Aspects—Increased Speed of Trade
Information Revolution—Silicon Valley, 1990s. Stocks, bonds, and other foreign investments sold and bought online
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Temporal—Increased Speed of Cultural Exchange
About 70% of the 750 million active users of Facebook are outside the United States
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Temporal—Increased Speed of Cultural Exchange cont.
My Language Exchange—my experiences with Munkhabt from Mongolia
Skype—makes international calling and video calling free or cheap.
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Cognitive aspects—increased spread of neoliberal valuesDefinition of neoliberalism—The new liberal perspective that accounts for the way international institutions promote global change, cooperation, peace, and prosperity through collective programs and reform
Aspects:1) Free Trade2) Human rights3) International organizations
Source—World Politics by Kegley and Blanton (2010)
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Neoliberal Values—Free Trade
World Trade Organization—Commenced in 1995, the WTO spreads free trade around the world
There are currently 153 members
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Neoliberal Values—Trade cont.
There are also regional trading organization all around the world—NAFTA, The European Union, the African Union, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, etc.
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Neoliberal Values—Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations written in 1948 after World War II.
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Globalization—Good, Bad, or Both?
A few arguments:Bad—rich get richer, poor get
poorerBad—Natural resource depletion
and pollution on the rise.Good—Increased international
awarenessGood—Increased international
cooperation.
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Discussion QuestionsWhat are some of the benefits of
increased international cooperation?
What are some of the consequences (good and bad) with increased international trade?
What are your ideas on outsourcing?
Why might globalization heighten the depletion of natural resources?
What do you think makes globalization possible?
What are some of the consequences (good or bad) of spreading modern neoliberal values to other cultures around the world?