Global Studies IIInner War

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GERMANYHITLER

ITALYMUSSOLINI

USSRSTALIN

HITLER EXHIBIT

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Germany- Adolf Hitler

Global II

http://www.diggerhistory.info/images/flags/flag-german_imperial.jpg

The Weimer RepublicThe Weimer Republic• Kaiser abdicated

before end of WWI

• Parliamentary system led by a chancellor (prime minister)

• Bill of rights, women could vote

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/weimar.gif

Struggles of Weimer Struggles of Weimer RepublicRepublic

• Many small political parties

• Hated the Versailles Treaty

• Scapegoats blamed Jews for economic problems

http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/maps/versailles.jpg

Economic CollapseEconomic Collapse

• Fell behind debt payments

• Went on strike in coal-rich Ruhr Valley

• Printed huge amounts of paper money led to inflation

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler• Mein Kampf wrote

in prison for treason

• Nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism

• “Superior race” Aryan race

• Jews were greatest enemies

IdeasinMeinKampf.jpg

Rise of HitlerRise of Hitler• Great Depression- unemployment high

• Appealed to lower middle classes

• Promised to end reparations, create jobs, and create an army

• 1933- elected chancellor

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Series1 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

Series2 6,014,000 3,773,000 2,974,000 2,520,000 1,853,000 1,052,000 302,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Falling unemployment rates under Hitler

How did Hitler put Germany back to work?

Hitler’s 3Hitler’s 3rdrd Reich Reich• System of terror,

repression, and totalitarian rule

• SS troops, Gestapo took away opposition

• Launched public works programs, increased his military

http://snyderstreasures.com/albums/ss/SS_Troops3.sized.jpg

Bugs Bunny Hitler

Hitler’s Social PolicyHitler’s Social Policy• “Hitler youth”

• Women rewarded for having many children

• One single state Protestant Church

• Burned books that they disapproved of

http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/pimpf/dp4-38.jpg

Against the JewsAgainst the Jews

• Nuremberg Laws 1935 restrictions on Jews

• Jews couldn’t marry non-Jews

• Couldn’t hold government jobs, teach, or practice law or medicine

• Kristallnacht “night of broken glass”

http://cowo.culham.ac.uk/assemblies/oht_lib/magen_david.jpg

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Nuremberg Laws (1935)

• Proclaimed during the 1935 Nuremburg Rally• Laws severely restricted the freedoms of German Jews• the Jim Crow Laws in the American South= a model for

segregation• Forbade Marriage & Sexual Relations between

Germans & Jews• Stripped Citizenship from German-Jews

The Rise of Hitler

Donald Duck Hitler

STALIN EXHIBIT

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USSR-Stalin

Mr. Eberhart/Mr. Walsh

http://incolor.inetnebr.com/legato/Art%20Scans/Mods/PAX/*Concept%20Art*/Misc/Flags/ussr.jpg

Lenin DiesLenin Dies

• 1924- Lenin dies

• Body is preserved

• Put on display in Red Square for over 65 years http://www.archontology.org/images/ussr/lenin.jpg

Policies Effects

The NEP

(Lenin)

Allowed capitalistic policies: -Businesses could reopen for private profit, Peasants could sell surplus crops

-Food and industrial output grew-Standard of living grew

Five Year Plans(Stalin)

-Building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output-Command Economy

-Steel, mining, factories, railroads expanded-Standard of living remained low, central planning was weak, low quality goods

Policies Under Stalin Policies Under Stalin --IndustrializationIndustrialization

• must industrialize in order to prevent western imperialism and grow economy

• Quotas – were set for each industry. These forced were workers to produce or face severe punishment

• Rarely could quotas be met. Production figures were often faked

Policies Under StalinPolicies Under StalinAgricultureAgriculture

• Collectives state run or group operated farms

• Peasants forced to give up their land to the state

• State set the prices and controlled all farm supplies

• Quotas were set to force production

Peasants React to Peasants React to CollectivesCollectives

• Peasants killed farm animals, destroyed tools, and burned crops

• Kulaks wealthy peasants who were killed or sent to labor camps by Stalin

• 5-8 million in Ukraine died (hunger) aka- Holdomor

Stalin’s First Five Year Plan

Quantity

Quality

The Great Purge 1936-38The Great Purge 1936-38

• Those who plotted against him

• Failure to meet production quotas

• Secret police 4 million were purged during this time

Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State

• Totalitarian state one-party dictatorship that regulate all aspects of life

• Terror, secret police, censorship, purges – K.G.B

• Atheism official state policy

http://www.amarcord.be/georgia/jpg/stalin001.jpg

How to Spread Obedience?How to Spread Obedience?

• Propaganda radios, loudspeakers, movies, schools spread evils of capitalism

• Newspapers showed all the “improvements” in the communist nation www.flickr.com

Social BenefitsSocial Benefits

• Free education, medical care, day care for children, and inexpensive housing

• Women gained many rights under Stalin

MUSSOLINI EXHIBIT

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Post WWI World Depression 1919-1939

Italy- Benito MussoliniItaly- Benito Mussolini

Global II

http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/c/ch-sg.gif

Post WWI Problems = Rise Post WWI Problems = Rise of Mussoliniof Mussolini

• Italy upset with Treaty of Versailles

• High Unemployment

• High taxes, trade declined

• Failure to obtain Irredenta

http://www.bc-enschede.nl/wenglish/grassroots/evildictators/3tl2/driessen_vdberg/mussolini.gif

Italy’s lost Irredenta.

Was WWI worth her sacrifices?

Fasces Fasces – the – the glory of glory of Ancient Ancient RomeRome

• Promised to end corruption

• Good speaker

•Black shirts intimidation and terror ousted political opponents

http://home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade11/lesson6/graphics/Fasces.jpg

Black Shirts call to duty:

•Silence opposition

•Enforce party/Mussolini loyalty

•Intimidate/terrorize

March on Rome March on Rome 19221922

•Demanded gov’t make changes

•King Victor Emmanuel III asked Mussolini to become Prime Minister

http://www.all-sciencefair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/upload/9/9c/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg

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Il Duce “The Leader”Il Duce “The Leader”

• Rigged elections, censored the press, gave Fascists jobs

• Dictatorship held by terror

• Secret police and propaganda helped the regime

http://illuminations.berkeley.edu/images/Mussolini-poster.jpg

NationalismNationalism• “Believe! Obey!

Fight!”

• Women were given a medal if they had more than 14 children

• Young people were a major part of the Italy’s nationalism

http://comandosupremo.com/catalog/2large.jpg

Economic Control

•Private ownership of property and personal wealth was maintained •Corporations obeyed government directives on what to produce•Needs of the national economy took precedence over personal needs

•Freedom of the Press was abolished

•Newspaper editors were replaced by fascist loyalists

•Contrary opinions were punished

Fascism? Say WhatFascism? Say What• Authoritarian

government that is not communist

• Extreme nationalism

• Loyalty to state, not individual

• Anti-democratic, desires foreign expansion

http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/images/thumb/b/bc/180px-Fascist_Italy_flag.png

Fascism Vs. Communism Fascism Vs. Communism (differences)(differences)

Type of government

What they wanted?

Who was their support?

Fascism Nationalist goals•Law and order•Honor, respect•Strong economy

Business leaders, wealthy landowners, and lower middle class

Communism International change

Urban and agricultural workers

In Summation: Fascist aka - In Summation: Fascist aka - Totalitarian Rule (Italy & Totalitarian Rule (Italy & Germany)Germany)

Features of a totalitarian state:1. Single-party dictatorship2. State control of economy –

private ownership3. Secret police/terror4. Strict censorship5. Use of schools and media6. Unquestionable obedience to

leader

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=8OetedJuu4k&NR=1

MAIN LOBBY

MAOCHINA GANDHI

INDIA

Fascist Japan

MAO EXHIBIT

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China

Global IIwww.aerogo.com

Chinese RepublicChinese Republic

• President Sun Yixian

• Rival armies battled for power and peasants suffered

• Japan got territories lost by Germans in China www.europa-universalis.com

Jiang Jieshi Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)(Chiang Kai-shek)

• Replaced Sun in 1925

• Wanted to crush warlords

• Killed the communists on the way to Beijing

• Started a 22 year civil war www.flickr.com

Mao ZedongMao Zedong• Communist

appeal to the masses

• Long March Mao retreated from Kai-shek 1934-35

• 100,000 followers for over 6,000 miles

Another Problem…JapanAnother Problem…Japan

• 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria

• Kai-shek united with Mao

• “Rape of Nanjing” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Manchuria.png

GHANDI EXHIBIT

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India Toward Independence

Global II

www.globaleye.org.uk

World War IWorld War I

• 1 Million + served overseas

• Britain promised greater self-government after war

www.flickr.com

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi

• Named Mahatma “Great Soul”

• Faced racial segregation in S. Africa (lawyer)

• Passive resistance

http://zagrebsummit.yoga-in-daily-life.hr/download/Gandhi1.jpg

NonviolenceNonviolence• Embrace Hindu traditions

• Ahisma nonviolence and power of love

• Civil Disobedience refusal to obey unjust laws

• Rejected the Caste System

www.macalester.edu

Role Model for MassesRole Model for Masses• Dressed in the dhoti

• Boycotts against British goods (textiles)

• Spinning wheel (symbol)

• Fasting

Salt March 1930Salt March 1930• End British monopoly

on salt

• Indians could only buy British made salt

• 240 Mile-march to sea

• Sent to jail

Conflict Between ReligionsConflict Between Religions

• Gained independence in 1947 (interrupted by WWII)

• Muslims feared Hindu majority

• Muslims called for an independent state (Pakistan)

• World-wide Depression will hurt Japan’s ability to acquire raw materials and markets for its industries

• Civilian leaders will be suffer under policies of intimidation, censorship, and assassination

• Military leaders will exert control over the nation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_aZWY2Pm3g&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcpClw